CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" data-skin="light"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <link rel="profile" href="//gmpg.org/xfn/11"/> <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/e93fc93f-d58f-47a0-80d6-9badc1200430/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" type="text/css"/> <meta http-equiv='x-dns-prefetch-control' content='on'> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//ajax.googleapis.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//fonts.googleapis.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//fonts.gstatic.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//s.gravatar.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//www.google-analytics.com/"/> <link rel='preload' as='script' href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1/webfont.js"> <style id='tie-critical-css' type='text/css'>:root{--brand-color:#0669ff;--dark-brand-color:#0051cc;--bright-color:#FFF;--base-color:#2c2f34}html{-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,video{display:inline-block}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}progress{vertical-align:baseline}template,[hidden]{display:none}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline dotted}b,strong{font-weight:inherit}b,strong{font-weight:600}dfn{font-style:italic}mark{background-color:#ff0;color:#000}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-0.25em}sup{top:-0.5em}img{border-style:none}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:1em 0}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit}optgroup{font-weight:bold}button,input,select{overflow:visible}button,input,select,textarea{margin:0}button,select{text-transform:none}button,[type="button"],[type="reset"],[type="submit"]{cursor:pointer}[disabled]{cursor:default}button,html [type="button"],[type="reset"],[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}button:-moz-focusring,input:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}fieldset{border:1px solid #c0c0c0;margin:0 2px;padding:0.35em 0.625em 0.75em}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal}textarea{overflow:auto}[type="checkbox"],[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield}[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}*{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;border:0;outline:none;box-sizing:border-box}*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}body{background:#F7F7F7;color:var(--base-color);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", "Open Sans", Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.the-subtitle{line-height:1.4;font-weight:600}h1{font-size:41px;font-weight:700}h2{font-size:27px}h3{font-size:23px}h4,.the-subtitle{font-size:17px}h5{font-size:13px}h6{font-size:12px}a{color:var(--base-color);text-decoration:none;transition:0.15s}.brand-title,a:hover{color:var(--brand-color)}img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}iframe{max-width:100%}p{line-height:1.7}.says,.screen-reader-text,.comment-form-comment label{clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);position:absolute !important;height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden}.stream-title{margin-bottom:3px;font-size:11px;color:#a5a5a5;display:block}.stream-item{text-align:center;position:relative;z-index:2;margin:20px 0;padding:0}.stream-item iframe{margin:0 auto}.stream-item img{max-width:100%;width:auto;height:auto;margin:0 auto;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.stream-item.stream-item-above-header{margin:0}.stream-item.stream-item-between .post-item-inner{width:100%;display:block}.post-layout-8.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .entry-header-outer,body.post-layout-8.has-header-below-ad .entry-header-outer{padding-top:0}.stream-item-top-wrapper ~ .stream-item-below-header,.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad.post-layout-6 .featured-area,.has-header-below-ad.post-layout-6 .featured-area{margin-top:0}.has-header-below-ad .fullwidth-entry-title.container-wrapper,.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .fullwidth-entry-title,.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .is-first-section,.has-header-below-ad .is-first-section{padding-top:0;margin-top:0}@media (max-width: 991px){body:not(.is-header-layout-1).has-header-below-ad.has-header-ad .top-nav-below .has-breaking-news{margin-bottom:20px}.has-header-ad .fullwidth-entry-title.container-wrapper,.has-header-ad.has-header-below-ad .stream-item-below-header,.single.has-header-ad:not(.has-header-below-ad) #content,.page.has-header-ad:not(.has-header-below-ad) #content{margin-top:0}.has-header-ad .is-first-section{padding-top:0}.has-header-ad:not(.has-header-below-ad) .buddypress-header-outer{margin-bottom:15px}}.has-full-width-logo .stream-item-top-wrapper,.header-layout-2 .stream-item-top-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:100%;float:none;clear:both}@media (min-width: 992px){.header-layout-2.has-normal-width-logo .stream-item-top-wrapper{margin-top:0}}.header-layout-3.no-stream-item .logo-container{width:100%;float:none}@media (min-width: 992px){.header-layout-3.has-normal-width-logo .stream-item-top img{float:right}}@media (max-width: 991px){.header-layout-3.has-normal-width-logo .stream-item-top{clear:both}}#background-stream-cover{top:0;left:0;z-index:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed}@media (max-width: 768px){.hide_banner_header .stream-item-above-header,.hide_banner_top .stream-item-top-wrapper,.hide_banner_below_header .stream-item-below-header,.hide_banner_bottom .stream-item-above-footer,.hide_banner_above .stream-item-above-post,.hide_banner_above_content .stream-item-above-post-content,.hide_banner_below_content .stream-item-below-post-content,.hide_banner_below .stream-item-below-post,.hide_banner_comments .stream-item-below-post-comments,.hide_breaking_news #top-nav,.hide_sidebars .sidebar,.hide_footer_tiktok #footer-tiktok,.hide_footer_instagram #footer-instagram,.hide_footer #footer-widgets-container,.hide_copyright #site-info,.hide_breadcrumbs #breadcrumb,.hide_share_post_top .share-buttons-top,.hide_share_post_bottom .share-buttons-bottom,.hide_post_newsletter #post-newsletter,.hide_related #related-posts,.hide_read_next #read-next-block,.hide_post_authorbio .post-components .about-author,.hide_post_nav .prev-next-post-nav,.hide_back_top_button #go-to-top,.hide_read_more_buttons .more-link,.hide_inline_related_posts #inline-related-post{display:none !important}}.tie-icon:before,[class^="tie-icon-"],[class*=" tie-icon-"]{font-family:'tiefonticon' !important;speak:never;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;display:inline-block}body.tie-no-js a.remove,body.tie-no-js .tooltip,body.tie-no-js .woocommerce-message,body.tie-no-js .woocommerce-error,body.tie-no-js .woocommerce-info,body.tie-no-js .bbp-template-notice,body.tie-no-js .indicator-hint,body.tie-no-js .menu-counter-bubble-outer,body.tie-no-js .notifications-total-outer,body.tie-no-js .comp-sub-menu,body.tie-no-js .menu-sub-content{display:none !important}body.tie-no-js .fa,body.tie-no-js .fas,body.tie-no-js .far,body.tie-no-js .fab,body.tie-no-js .tie-icon:before,body.tie-no-js [class^="tie-icon-"],body.tie-no-js [class*=" tie-icon-"],body.tie-no-js .weather-icon{visibility:hidden !important}body.tie-no-js [class^="tie-icon-"]:before,body.tie-no-js [class*=" tie-icon-"]:before{content:"\f105"}.tie-popup,#autocomplete-suggestions{display:none}.container{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.container:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width: 768px){.container{width:100%}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.container{max-width:1200px}}.tie-row{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}.tie-row:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.tie-col-xs-1,.tie-col-sm-1,.tie-col-md-1,.tie-col-xs-2,.tie-col-sm-2,.tie-col-md-2,.tie-col-xs-3,.tie-col-sm-3,.tie-col-md-3,.tie-col-xs-4,.tie-col-sm-4,.tie-col-md-4,.tie-col-xs-5,.tie-col-sm-5,.tie-col-md-5,.tie-col-xs-6,.tie-col-sm-6,.tie-col-md-6,.tie-col-xs-7,.tie-col-sm-7,.tie-col-md-7,.tie-col-xs-8,.tie-col-sm-8,.tie-col-md-8,.tie-col-xs-9,.tie-col-sm-9,.tie-col-md-9,.tie-col-xs-10,.tie-col-sm-10,.tie-col-md-10,.tie-col-xs-11,.tie-col-sm-11,.tie-col-md-11,.tie-col-xs-12,.tie-col-sm-12,.tie-col-md-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.tie-col-xs-1,.tie-col-xs-2,.tie-col-xs-3,.tie-col-xs-4,.tie-col-xs-5,.tie-col-xs-6,.tie-col-xs-7,.tie-col-xs-8,.tie-col-xs-9,.tie-col-xs-10,.tie-col-xs-11,.tie-col-xs-12{float:left}.tie-col-xs-1{width:8.33333%}.tie-col-xs-2{width:16.66667%}.tie-col-xs-3{width:25%}.tie-col-xs-4{width:33.33333%}.tie-col-xs-5{width:41.66667%}.tie-col-xs-6{width:50%}.tie-col-xs-7{width:58.33333%}.tie-col-xs-8{width:66.66667%}.tie-col-xs-9{width:75%}.tie-col-xs-10{width:83.33333%}.tie-col-xs-11{width:91.66667%}.tie-col-xs-12{width:100%}@media (min-width: 768px){.tie-col-sm-1,.tie-col-sm-2,.tie-col-sm-3,.tie-col-sm-4,.tie-col-sm-5,.tie-col-sm-6,.tie-col-sm-7,.tie-col-sm-8,.tie-col-sm-9,.tie-col-sm-10,.tie-col-sm-11,.tie-col-sm-12{float:left}.tie-col-sm-1{width:8.33333%}.tie-col-sm-2{width:16.66667%}.tie-col-sm-3{width:25%}.tie-col-sm-4{width:33.33333%}.tie-col-sm-5{width:41.66667%}.tie-col-sm-6{width:50%}.tie-col-sm-7{width:58.33333%}.tie-col-sm-8{width:66.66667%}.tie-col-sm-9{width:75%}.tie-col-sm-10{width:83.33333%}.tie-col-sm-11{width:91.66667%}.tie-col-sm-12{width:100%}}@media (min-width: 992px){.tie-col-md-1,.tie-col-md-2,.tie-col-md-3,.tie-col-md-4,.tie-col-md-5,.tie-col-md-6,.tie-col-md-7,.tie-col-md-8,.tie-col-md-9,.tie-col-md-10,.tie-col-md-11,.tie-col-md-12{float:left}.tie-col-md-1{width:8.33333%}.tie-col-md-2{width:16.66667%}.tie-col-md-3{width:25%}.tie-col-md-4{width:33.33333%}.tie-col-md-5{width:41.66667%}.tie-col-md-6{width:50%}.tie-col-md-7{width:58.33333%}.tie-col-md-8{width:66.66667%}.tie-col-md-9{width:75%}.tie-col-md-10{width:83.33333%}.tie-col-md-11{width:91.66667%}.tie-col-md-12{width:100%}}.tie-alignleft{float:left}.tie-alignright{float:right}.tie-aligncenter{clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fullwidth{width:100% !important}.alignleft{float:left;margin:0.375em 1.75em 1em 0}.alignright{float:right;margin:0.375em 0 1em 1.75em}.aligncenter{clear:both;display:block;margin:0 auto 1.75em;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px}@media (max-width: 767px){.entry .alignright,.entry .alignright img,.entry .alignleft,.entry .alignleft img{float:none;clear:both;display:block;margin:0 auto 1.75em}}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after{content:"\0020";display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.tie-container,#tie-wrapper{height:100%;min-height:650px}.tie-container{position:relative;overflow:hidden}#tie-wrapper{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:108;height:100%;margin:0 auto}.container-wrapper{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-radius:2px;padding:30px}#content{margin-top:30px}@media (max-width: 991px){#content{margin-top:15px}}.site-content{-ms-word-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.boxed-layout #tie-wrapper,.boxed-layout .fixed-nav{max-width:1230px}.boxed-layout.wrapper-has-shadow #tie-wrapper{box-shadow:0 1px 7px rgba(171,171,171,0.5)}@media (min-width: 992px){.boxed-layout #main-nav.fixed-nav,.boxed-layout #tie-wrapper{width:95%}}@media (min-width: 992px){.framed-layout #tie-wrapper{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px}}@media (min-width: 992px){.border-layout #tie-container{margin:25px}.border-layout:after,.border-layout:before{background:inherit;content:"";display:block;height:25px;left:0;bottom:0;position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:110}.border-layout:before{top:0;bottom:auto}.border-layout.admin-bar:before{top:32px}.border-layout #main-nav.fixed-nav{left:25px;right:25px;width:calc(100% - 50px)}}#header-notification-bar{background:var(--brand-color);color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:1}#header-notification-bar p a{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}#header-notification-bar .container{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:40px;min-height:65px}#header-notification-bar .container .button{font-size:14px}#header-notification-bar .container:after{display:none}@media (max-width: 991px){#header-notification-bar .container{justify-content:center;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;gap:15px;flex-direction:column}}.theme-header{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:999}.theme-header:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.theme-header.has-shadow{box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,0.1) 0px 25px 20px -20px}.theme-header.top-nav-below .top-nav{z-index:8}.is-stretch-header .container{max-width:100%}#menu-components-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap}.header-layout-2 #menu-components-wrap{justify-content:center}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap{justify-content:flex-start}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap .main-menu-wrap{flex-grow:2}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap .flex-placeholder{flex-grow:1}.logo-row{position:relative}#logo{margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;display:block;float:left}#logo img{vertical-align:middle}#logo img[src*='.svg']{width:100% !important}@-moz-document url-prefix(){#logo img[src*='.svg']{height:100px}}#logo a{display:inline-block}#logo .h1-off{position:absolute;top:-9000px;left:-9000px}#logo.text-logo a{color:var(--brand-color)}#logo.text-logo a:hover{color:var(--dark-brand-color);opacity:0.8}#tie-logo-inverted,#tie-sticky-logo-inverted{display:none}.tie-skin-inverted #tie-sticky-logo-inverted,.tie-skin-inverted #tie-logo-inverted{display:block}.tie-skin-inverted #tie-sticky-logo-default,.tie-skin-inverted #tie-logo-default{display:none}.logo-text{font-size:50px;line-height:50px;font-weight:bold}@media (max-width: 670px){.logo-text{font-size:30px}}.has-full-width-logo.is-stretch-header .logo-container{padding:0}.has-full-width-logo #logo{margin:0}.has-full-width-logo #logo a,.has-full-width-logo #logo img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.has-full-width-logo #logo,.header-layout-2 #logo{float:none;text-align:center}.has-full-width-logo #logo img,.header-layout-2 #logo img{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.has-full-width-logo .logo-container,.header-layout-2 .logo-container{width:100%;float:none}@media (max-width: 991px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo{margin:14px 0 !important;text-align:left;line-height:1}#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{width:auto;height:auto;max-width:190px}}@media (max-width: 479px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{max-width:160px;max-height:60px !important}}@media (max-width: 991px){#theme-header.mobile-header-default:not(.header-layout-1) #logo,#theme-header.mobile-header-default.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{flex-grow:10}#theme-header.mobile-header-centered.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{width:auto !important}#theme-header.mobile-header-centered #logo{float:none;text-align:center}}.components{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:end}.components>li{position:relative}.components>li.social-icons-item{margin:0}.components>li>a{display:block;position:relative;width:30px;text-align:center;font-size:16px;white-space:nowrap}.components>li>a:hover,.components>li:hover>a{z-index:2}.components .avatar{border-radius:100%;position:relative;top:3px;max-width:20px}.components a.follow-btn{width:auto;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;overflow:hidden;font-size:12px}.components .search-bar form{width:auto;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.1);line-height:36px;border-radius:50px;position:relative}.main-nav-light .main-nav .components .search-bar form,.top-nav-light .top-nav .components .search-bar form{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.components #search-input{border:0;width:100%;background:transparent;padding:0 35px 0 20px;border-radius:0;font-size:inherit}.components #search-submit{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:40px;line-height:inherit;color:#777777;background:transparent;font-size:15px;padding:0;transition:color 0.15s;border:none}.components #search-submit:hover{color:var(--brand-color)}#search-submit .tie-icon-spinner{color:#fff;cursor:default;animation:tie-spin 3s infinite linear}.popup-login-icon.has-title a{width:auto;padding:0 8px}.popup-login-icon.has-title span{line-height:unset;float:left}.popup-login-icon.has-title .login-title{position:relative;font-size:13px;padding-left:4px}.weather-menu-item{display:flex;align-items:center;padding-right:5px;overflow:hidden}.weather-menu-item .weather-wrap{padding:0;overflow:inherit;line-height:23px}.weather-menu-item .weather-forecast-day{display:block;float:left;width:auto;padding:0 5px;line-height:initial}.weather-menu-item .weather-forecast-day .weather-icon{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:0}.weather-menu-item .city-data{float:left;display:block;font-size:12px}.weather-menu-item .weather-current-temp{font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.weather-menu-item .weather-current-temp sup{font-size:9px;top:-2px}.weather-menu-item .theme-notice{padding:0 10px}.components .tie-weather-widget{color:var(--base-color)}.main-nav-dark .main-nav .tie-weather-widget{color:#ffffff}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .tie-weather-widget{color:#ccc}.components .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color:#ffffff}.main-nav-dark .main-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color:#1f2024}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color:#1f2024}.custom-menu-button{padding-right:5px}.custom-menu-button .button{font-size:13px;display:inline-block;line-height:21px;width:auto}.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{display:table;width:100%}.header-layout-1 #logo{line-height:1;float:left;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;float:none}.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header,.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header.header-layout-1 #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){background:transparent !important;display:inline-block !important;width:100% !important;box-shadow:none !important;transition:background 0.3s}.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header:before,.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header.header-layout-1 #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav):before{content:"";position:absolute;width:100%;left:0;right:0;top:0;height:150px;background-image:linear-gradient(to top, transparent, rgba(0,0,0,0.5))}@media (max-width: 991px){.is-header-bg-extended #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container:not(.fixed-nav){background:transparent;box-shadow:none;transition:background 0.3s}}.is-header-bg-extended .has-background .is-first-section{margin-top:-350px !important}.is-header-bg-extended .has-background .is-first-section>*{padding-top:350px !important}.rainbow-line{height:3px;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:2;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(left, #f76570 0%, #f76570 8%, #f3a46b 8%, #f3a46b 16%, #f3a46b 16%, #ffd205 16%, #ffd205 24%, #ffd205 24%, #1bbc9b 24%, #1bbc9b 25%, #1bbc9b 32%, #14b9d5 32%, #14b9d5 40%, #c377e4 40%, #c377e4 48%, #f76570 48%, #f76570 56%, #f3a46b 56%, #f3a46b 64%, #ffd205 64%, #ffd205 72%, #1bbc9b 72%, #1bbc9b 80%, #14b9d5 80%, #14b9d5 80%, #14b9d5 89%, #c377e4 89%, #c377e4 100%);background-image:linear-gradient(to right, #f76570 0%, #f76570 8%, #f3a46b 8%, #f3a46b 16%, #f3a46b 16%, #ffd205 16%, #ffd205 24%, #ffd205 24%, #1bbc9b 24%, #1bbc9b 25%, #1bbc9b 32%, #14b9d5 32%, #14b9d5 40%, #c377e4 40%, #c377e4 48%, #f76570 48%, #f76570 56%, #f3a46b 56%, #f3a46b 64%, #ffd205 64%, #ffd205 72%, #1bbc9b 72%, #1bbc9b 80%, #14b9d5 80%, #14b9d5 80%, #14b9d5 89%, #c377e4 89%, #c377e4 100%)}@media (max-width: 991px){.logo-container,.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{border-width:0;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}}.mobile-header-components{display:none;z-index:10;height:30px;line-height:30px;flex-wrap:nowrap;flex:1 1 0%}.mobile-header-components .components{float:none;display:flex !important;justify-content:stretch}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link{display:inline-block;float:none}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{width:20px;padding-bottom:15px}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a .menu-counter-bubble{right:calc(50% - 10px);bottom:-10px}.header-layout-1.main-nav-dark .mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{color:#fff}.mobile-header-components .components .comp-sub-menu{padding:10px}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .components .comp-sub-menu{background:#1f2024}.mobile-header-components [class^="tie-icon-"],.mobile-header-components [class*=" tie-icon-"]{font-size:18px;width:20px;height:20px;vertical-align:middle}.mobile-header-components .tie-mobile-menu-icon{font-size:20px}.mobile-header-components .tie-icon-grid-9,.mobile-header-components .tie-icon-grid-4{transform:scale(1.75)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon{display:inline-block;width:20px;height:2px;background-color:var(--base-color);position:relative;top:-4px;transition:background 0.4s ease}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before,.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{position:absolute;right:0;background-color:var(--base-color);content:'';display:block;width:100%;height:100%;transition:transform 0.4s, background 0.4s, right .2s ease;transform:translateZ(0);backface-visibility:hidden}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before{transform:translateY(-7px)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{transform:translateY(7px)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-2:before,.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-2:after{width:70%;right:15%}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-3:after{width:60%}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-4:after{width:60%;right:auto;left:0}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon,.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before,.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{background-color:#ffffff}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon .menu-text,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon .menu-text{color:#ffffff}.mobile-header-components .menu-text-wrapper{white-space:nowrap;width:auto !important}.mobile-header-components .menu-text{color:var(--base-color);line-height:30px;font-size:12px;padding:0 0 0 5px;display:inline-block;transition:color 0.4s}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .menu-text,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .menu-text{color:#ffffff}#mobile-header-components-area_1 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-right:15px}#mobile-header-components-area_1 .comp-sub-menu{left:0;right:auto}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components{flex-direction:row-reverse}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-left:15px}#mobile-menu-icon:hover .nav-icon,#mobile-menu-icon:hover .nav-icon:before,#mobile-menu-icon:hover .nav-icon:after{background-color:var(--brand-color)}@media (max-width: 991px){.logo-container:before,.logo-container:after{height:1px}.mobile-components-row .logo-wrapper{height:auto !important}.mobile-components-row .logo-container,.mobile-components-row.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{flex-wrap:wrap}.mobile-components-row:not(.header-layout-1) #logo,.mobile-components-row.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{flex:1 0 100%;order:-1}.mobile-components-row .mobile-header-components{padding:5px 0;height:45px}.mobile-components-row .mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{padding-bottom:0}#tie-body #mobile-container,.mobile-header-components{display:block}#slide-sidebar-widgets{display:none}}.top-nav{background-color:#ffffff;position:relative;z-index:10;line-height:40px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-width:1px 0;color:var(--base-color);clear:both}.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .top-nav{border-top-width:0}.top-nav a:not(.button):not(:hover){color:var(--base-color)}.top-nav .components>li:hover>a{color:var(--brand-color)}.top-nav .search-bar{margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:3px;line-height:34px}.topbar-wrapper{display:flex;min-height:40px}.top-nav.has-menu .topbar-wrapper,.top-nav.has-components .topbar-wrapper{display:block}.top-nav .tie-alignleft,.top-nav .tie-alignright{flex-grow:1;position:relative}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignleft{flex:1 0 100px}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignright{flex-grow:0;z-index:1}.top-nav.has-date-components .tie-alignleft .components>li:first-child:not(.search-bar),.top-nav.has-date-components-menu .components>li:first-child:not(.search-bar),.top-nav-boxed .top-nav.has-components .components>li:first-child:not(.search-bar){border-width:0}@media (min-width: 992px){.header-layout-1.top-nav-below:not(.has-shadow) .top-nav{border-width:0 0 1px}}.topbar-today-date{float:left;padding-right:15px;flex-shrink:0}.top-menu .menu a{padding:0 10px}.top-menu .menu li:hover>a{color:var(--brand-color)}.top-menu .menu ul{display:none;position:absolute;background:#ffffff}.top-menu .menu li:hover>ul{display:block}.top-menu .menu li{position:relative}.top-menu .menu ul.sub-menu a{width:200px;line-height:20px;padding:10px 15px}.tie-alignright .top-menu{float:right;border-width:0 1px}.top-menu .menu .tie-current-menu>a{color:var(--brand-color)}@media (min-width: 992px){.top-nav-boxed .topbar-wrapper{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.top-nav-boxed .top-nav{background:transparent !important;border-width:0}.top-nav-boxed .topbar-wrapper{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-width:1px 0;width:100%}.top-nav-boxed.has-shadow.top-nav-below .topbar-wrapper,.top-nav-boxed.has-shadow.top-nav-below-main-nav .topbar-wrapper{border-bottom-width:0 !important}}.top-nav .tie-alignleft .components,.top-nav .tie-alignleft .components>li{float:left;justify-content:start}.top-nav .tie-alignleft .comp-sub-menu{right:auto;left:-1px}.top-nav-dark .top-nav{background-color:#2c2e32;color:#ccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav *{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.1)}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .breaking a{color:#ccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .breaking a:hover{color:#ffffff}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li>a,.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li.social-icons-item .social-link:not(:hover) span{color:#ccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li:hover>a{color:#ffffff}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .top-menu li a{color:#ccc;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.04)}.top-nav-dark .top-menu ul{background:#2c2e32}.top-nav-dark .top-menu li:hover>a{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);color:var(--brand-color)}.top-nav-dark.top-nav-boxed .top-nav{background-color:transparent}.top-nav-dark.top-nav-boxed .topbar-wrapper{background-color:#2c2e32}.top-nav-dark.top-nav-boxed.top-nav-above.main-nav-below .topbar-wrapper{border-width:0}.top-nav-light #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,.top-nav-light #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,.top-nav-light #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind,.main-nav-light #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,.main-nav-light #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,.main-nav-light #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind{color:#d3d3d3}@media (max-width: 991px){.top-nav:not(.has-breaking-news),.topbar-today-date,.top-menu,.theme-header .components{display:none}}.breaking{display:none}.main-nav-wrapper{position:relative;z-index:4}.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav-wrapper{z-index:9}.main-nav-above.top-nav-below .main-nav-wrapper{z-index:10}.main-nav{background-color:var(--main-nav-background);color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);position:relative;border:1px solid var(--main-nav-main-border-color);border-width:1px 0}.main-menu-wrapper{position:relative}@media (min-width: 992px){.header-menu .menu{display:flex}.header-menu .menu a{display:block;position:relative}.header-menu .menu>li>a{white-space:nowrap}.header-menu .menu .sub-menu a{padding:8px 10px}.header-menu .menu a:hover,.header-menu .menu li:hover>a{z-index:2}.header-menu .menu ul:not(.sub-menu-columns):not(.sub-menu-columns-item):not(.sub-list):not(.mega-cat-sub-categories):not(.slider-arrow-nav){box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.header-menu .menu ul li{position:relative}.header-menu .menu ul a{border-width:0 0 1px;transition:0.15s}.header-menu .menu ul ul{top:0;left:100%}#main-nav{z-index:9;line-height:60px}.main-menu .menu a{transition:0.15s}.main-menu .menu>li>a{padding:0 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}.main-menu .menu>li>.menu-sub-content{border-top:2px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a{padding:0 20px;line-height:inherit}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a:before{display:none}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a .tie-menu-icon{font-size:160%;transform:translateY(15%)}.main-menu .menu ul{line-height:20px;z-index:1}.main-menu .menu .sub-menu .tie-menu-icon,.main-menu .menu .mega-recent-featured-list .tie-menu-icon,.main-menu .menu .mega-link-column .tie-menu-icon,.main-menu .menu .mega-cat-more-links .tie-menu-icon{width:20px}.main-menu .menu-sub-content{background:var(--main-nav-background);display:none;padding:15px;width:230px;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.main-menu .menu-sub-content a{width:200px}.main-menu ul li:hover>.menu-sub-content,.main-menu ul li[aria-expanded="true"]>ul,.main-menu ul li[aria-expanded="true"]>.mega-menu-block{display:block;z-index:1}nav.main-nav.menu-style-default .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom:5px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);margin-bottom:-5px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-default .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{content:"";width:20px;height:2px;position:absolute;margin-top:17px;left:50%;top:50%;bottom:auto;right:auto;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);background:#2c2f34;transition:0.3s}nav.main-nav.menu-style-solid-bg .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a,nav.main-nav.menu-style-solid-bg .menu>li:hover>a{background-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);color:var(--main-nav-contrast-primary-color)}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);border-bottom-width:10px !important;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:-10px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu+.tie-current-menu{border-bottom:none !important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu+.tie-current-menu>a:after{display:none !important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{position:absolute;content:"";width:0;height:0;background-color:transparent;border-top:10px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);border-right:10px solid transparent;bottom:-10px;left:100%;filter:brightness(80%)}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.menu-item-has-children:hover:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.menu-item-has-children:hover>a:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.mega-menu:hover:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.mega-menu:hover>a:after{display:none}nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a,nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li:hover>a{color:var(--main-nav-primary-color) !important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a::before,nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li:hover>a::before{border-top-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color) !important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-border-bottom .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom:3px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);margin-bottom:-3px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-border-top .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-top:3px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);margin-bottom:-3px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-line .menu>li>a:after{content:"";left:50%;top:50%;bottom:auto;right:auto;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);height:3px;position:absolute;margin-top:14px;background:var(--main-nav-primary-color);transition:0.4s;width:0}nav.main-nav.menu-style-line .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-line .menu>li:hover>a:after{width:50%}nav.main-nav.menu-style-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{border-color:#fff transparent transparent;border-top-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);border-style:solid;border-width:7px 7px 0;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:0 !important;width:0;content:"";position:absolute}nav.main-nav.menu-style-vertical-line .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{content:"";width:2px;height:20px;position:absolute;margin-top:17px;left:50%;right:auto;transform:translateX(-50%);bottom:0;background:var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrap .menu>li:only-child:not(.mega-menu){position:relative}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrap .menu>li:only-child>.menu-sub-content{right:0;left:auto}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrap .menu>li:only-child>.menu-sub-content ul{left:auto;right:100%}nav.main-nav .components>li:hover>a{color:var(--brand-color)}.main-nav .menu ul li:hover>a:not(.megamenu-pagination),.main-nav .components li a:hover,.main-nav .menu ul li.current-menu-item:not(.mega-link-column)>a{color:var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.main-nav .menu a,.main-nav .components li a{color:var(--main-nav-text-color)}.main-nav .components li.custom-menu-button:hover a.button,.main-nav .components li a.button:hover,.main-nav .components li a.checkout-button{color:var(--main-nav-contrast-primary-color)}.main-nav-light{--main-nav-background:#FFFFFF;--main-nav-secondry-background:rgba(0,0,0,0.03);--main-nav-primary-color:var(--brand-color);--main-nav-contrast-primary-color:var(--bright-color);--main-nav-text-color:var(--base-color);--main-nav-secondry-text-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);--main-nav-main-border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);--main-nav-secondry-border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}.main-nav-light.fixed-nav{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95)}.main-nav-dark{--main-nav-background:#1f2024;--main-nav-secondry-background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--main-nav-primary-color:var(--brand-color);--main-nav-contrast-primary-color:var(--bright-color);--main-nav-text-color:#FFFFFF;--main-nav-secondry-text-color:rgba(225,255,255,0.5);--main-nav-main-border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.07);--main-nav-secondry-border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.04)}.main-nav-dark .main-nav,.main-nav-dark .main-nav ul.cats-horizontal li a{border-width:0}.main-nav-dark .main-nav.fixed-nav{background-color:rgba(31,32,36,0.95)}}@media (min-width: 992px){header .menu-item-has-children>a:before,.mega-menu>a:before{content:'';position:absolute;right:10px;top:50%;bottom:auto;transform:translateY(-50%);font-family:'tiefonticon' !important;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;content:"\f079";font-size:11px;line-height:1}header .menu-item-has-children .menu-item-has-children>a:before,.mega-menu .menu-item-has-children>a:before{content:"\f106";font-size:15px}.menu>.menu-item-has-children:not(.is-icon-only)>a,.menu .mega-menu:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-right:25px}}@media (min-width: 992px){.main-nav-boxed .main-nav{border-width:0}.main-nav-boxed .main-menu-wrapper{float:left;width:100%;background-color:var(--main-nav-background);padding-right:15px}.main-nav-boxed.main-nav-light .main-menu-wrapper{border:1px solid var(--main-nav-main-border-color)}.dark-skin .main-nav-boxed.main-nav-light .main-menu-wrapper{border-width:0}.main-nav-boxed.main-nav-light .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper{border-color:transparent}.main-nav-above.top-nav-above #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){top:-1px}.main-nav-below.top-nav-below #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){bottom:-1px}.dark-skin .main-nav-below.top-nav-above #main-nav{border-width:0}.dark-skin .main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav #main-nav{border-top-width:0}}.main-nav-boxed .main-nav:not(.fixed-nav),.main-nav-boxed .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper,.theme-header:not(.main-nav-boxed) .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper{background:transparent !important}@media (min-width: 992px){.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .main-nav{margin-top:-1px;border-top-width:0}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .breaking-title{top:0;margin-bottom:-1px}}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav-wrapper{z-index:9}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav{margin-bottom:-1px;bottom:0;border-top-width:0}@media (min-width: 992px){.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .top-nav{margin-top:-1px}}.header-layout-1.has-shadow:not(.top-nav-below) .main-nav{border-bottom:0}#theme-header.header-layout-1>div:only-child nav{border-width:0 !important}@media only screen and (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1100px){.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px}.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a:before{display:none}.main-nav .menu>li.is-icon-only>a{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}}.menu-tiny-label{font-size:10px;border-radius:10px;padding:2px 7px 3px;margin-left:3px;line-height:1;position:relative;top:-1px}.menu-tiny-label.menu-tiny-circle{border-radius:100%}@media (max-width: 991px){#sticky-logo{display:none}}#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) #sticky-logo,#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) .flex-placeholder{display:none}@media (min-width: 992px){#sticky-logo{overflow:hidden;float:left;vertical-align:middle}#sticky-logo a{line-height:1;display:inline-block}#sticky-logo img{position:relative;vertical-align:middle;padding:8px 10px;top:-1px;max-height:50px}.just-before-sticky #sticky-logo img,.header-layout-1 #sticky-logo img{padding:0}.header-layout-1:not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) #sticky-logo{display:none}.theme-header #sticky-logo img{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;width:0 !important;transform:translateY(75%);transition:transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.55, 0, 0.1, 1),opacity 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.55, 0, 0.1, 1)}.theme-header.header-layout-1:not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) #sticky-logo img{transition:none}.theme-header:not(.header-layout-1) #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) #sticky-logo img{margin-left:-20px}.header-layout-1 .flex-placeholder{flex-grow:1}}.theme-header .fixed-nav{position:fixed;width:100%;top:0;bottom:auto !important;z-index:100;will-change:transform;transform:translateY(-100%);transition:transform 0.3s;box-shadow:rgba(99,99,99,0.2) 0px 2px 8px 0px;border-width:0;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95)}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky){line-height:60px !important}@media (min-width: 992px){.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky) .header-layout-1-logo{display:none}}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky) #sticky-logo{display:block}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky) #sticky-logo img{opacity:1;visibility:visible;width:auto !important;transform:translateY(0)}@media (min-width: 992px){.header-layout-1:not(.just-before-sticky):not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) .fixed-nav #sticky-logo{display:block}}.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:32px}@media (max-width: 782px){.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:46px}}@media (max-width: 600px){.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:0}}@media (min-width: 992px){.border-layout .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:25px}.border-layout.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:57px}}.theme-header .fixed-nav .container{opacity:0.95}.theme-header .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper,.theme-header .fixed-nav .main-menu{border-top:0}.theme-header .fixed-nav.fixed-unpinned:not(.default-behavior-mode) .main-menu .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom-width:0;margin-bottom:0}.theme-header .fixed-nav.unpinned-no-transition{transition:none}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.fixed-unpinned):not(.fixed-pinned) .tie-current-menu{border:none !important}.theme-header .fixed-pinned,.theme-header .default-behavior-mode.fixed-unpinned{transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0)}@media (max-width: 991px){.theme-header .fixed-nav{transition:none}.fixed-nav.logo-container.sticky-up,.fixed-nav.logo-container.sticky-nav-slide.sticky-down,.fixed-nav#main-nav.sticky-up,.fixed-nav#main-nav.sticky-nav-slide.sticky-down{transition:transform 0.4s ease}.sticky-type-slide .fixed-nav.logo-container.sticky-nav-slide-visible,.sticky-type-slide .fixed-nav#main-nav.sticky-nav-slide-visible{transform:translateY(0)}.fixed-nav.default-behavior-mode{transform:none !important}}@media (max-width: 991px){#tie-wrapper header#theme-header{box-shadow:none;background:transparent !important}.logo-container,.header-layout-1 .main-nav{border-width:0;box-shadow:0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.header-layout-1.top-nav-below .main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){box-shadow:none}.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .top-nav-below .main-nav{border-bottom-width:1px}.logo-container,.header-layout-1 .main-nav{background-color:#ffffff}.dark-skin .logo-container,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .main-nav{background-color:#1f2024}.dark-skin #theme-header .logo-container.fixed-nav{background-color:rgba(31,32,36,0.95)}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav{margin-bottom:0}#sticky-nav-mask,.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap,.header-layout-3 .main-nav-wrapper,.header-layout-2 .main-nav-wrapper{display:none}.main-menu-wrapper .main-menu-wrap{width:100%}} </style> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1'/> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <title>IEEE-USA InSight - Tech Careers and Tech Policy</title> <meta name="description" content="IEEE-USA InSight features articles on tech careers and tech policy issues that affect science, engineering and technology professionals."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Home"/> <meta property="og:description" content="IEEE-USA InSight features articles on tech careers and tech policy issues that affect science, engineering and technology professionals."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IEEE-USA InSight"/> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-06-18T19:29:11+00:00"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/12/default-featured-image.png"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="628"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ieeeusainsight"/> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/","name":"IEEE-USA InSight - Tech Careers and Tech Policy","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#organization"},"datePublished":"2020-07-09T17:17:40+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-18T19:29:11+00:00","description":"IEEE-USA InSight features articles on tech careers and tech policy issues that affect science, engineering and technology professionals.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#website","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/","name":"IEEE-USA InSight","description":"Articles, essays and opinion pieces on tech careers and tech policy issues.","publisher":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#organization","name":"IEEE-USA InSight","alternateName":"IEEE-USA","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/ieee-usa_insight-login-logo.png","contentUrl":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/ieee-usa_insight-login-logo.png","width":300,"height":120,"caption":"IEEE-USA InSight"},"image":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/ieeeusa","https://x.com/ieeeusainsight","https://www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/","https://www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/","https://www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"],"description":"IEEE-USA is an organizational unit of IEEE, created in 1973 to support the career and public policy interests of IEEE’s U.S. members. IEEE-USA is primarily supported by an annual assessment paid by U.S. IEEE Members. Through its products and services, IEEE-USA serves as a resource for enhancing the professional growth and career advancement of U.S. IEEE Members. And through its Government Relations programs, IEEE-USA works with all three branches of the federal government to help shape the workforce and technology policy to the benefit of members, the profession and the American public. IEEE-USA’s mission, as outlined in the IEEE Bylaws, is to recommend policies and implement programs specifically intended to serve and benefit the members, the profession and the public in the United States in appropriate professional areas of economic, ethical, legislative, social and technology policy concern. Our vision is to serve the U.S. IEEE member by being the technical professional’s best resource for achieving lifelong career vitality and by providing an effective voice on policies that promote U.S. prosperity. IEEE-USA InSight is the flagship publication of IEEE-USA.","foundingDate":"1973-01-01","publishingPrinciples":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/about-contact/"}]}</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="T001a9CouU1FgGSV2N-JRCCNkotAK-y7qAjdVQTNZbE"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE-USA InSight » Feed" href="feed/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE-USA InSight » Comments Feed" href="comments/feed/"/> <style type="text/css"> :root{ --tie-preset-gradient-1: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(6, 147, 227, 1) 0%, rgb(155, 81, 224) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-2: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(122, 220, 180) 0%, rgb(0, 208, 130) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-3: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(252, 185, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(255, 105, 0, 1) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-4: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 105, 0, 1) 0%, rgb(207, 46, 46) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-5: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(238, 238, 238) 0%, rgb(169, 184, 195) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-6: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(74, 234, 220) 0%, rgb(151, 120, 209) 20%, rgb(207, 42, 186) 40%, rgb(238, 44, 130) 60%, rgb(251, 105, 98) 80%, rgb(254, 248, 76) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-7: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(255, 206, 236) 0%, rgb(152, 150, 240) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-8: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(254, 205, 165) 0%, rgb(254, 45, 45) 50%, rgb(107, 0, 62) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-9: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(255, 203, 112) 0%, rgb(199, 81, 192) 50%, rgb(65, 88, 208) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-10: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(255, 245, 203) 0%, rgb(182, 227, 212) 50%, rgb(51, 167, 181) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-11: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(202, 248, 128) 0%, rgb(113, 206, 126) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-12: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(2, 3, 129) 0%, rgb(40, 116, 252) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-13: linear-gradient(135deg, #4D34FA, #ad34fa); --tie-preset-gradient-14: linear-gradient(135deg, #0057FF, #31B5FF); --tie-preset-gradient-15: linear-gradient(135deg, #FF007A, #FF81BD); --tie-preset-gradient-16: linear-gradient(135deg, #14111E, #4B4462); --tie-preset-gradient-17: linear-gradient(135deg, #F32758, #FFC581); --main-nav-background: #FFFFFF; --main-nav-secondry-background: rgba(0,0,0,0.03); --main-nav-primary-color: #0088ff; --main-nav-contrast-primary-color: #FFFFFF; --main-nav-text-color: #2c2f34; --main-nav-secondry-text-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --main-nav-main-border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1); --main-nav-secondry-border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.08); } </style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><style id='filebird-block-filebird-gallery-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery{margin:auto!important;padding:0!important;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-grid{display:grid;grid-gap:20px;align-items:stretch;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--columns),1fr);justify-items:stretch}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-grid li img{border:1px solid #ccc;box-shadow:2px 2px 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%;max-width:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-masonry{-moz-column-count:var(--columns);-moz-column-gap:var(--space);column-gap:var(--space);-moz-column-width:var(--min-width);columns:var(--min-width) var(--columns);display:block;overflow:auto}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-masonry li{margin-bottom:var(--space)}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li{list-style:none}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure{height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure figcaption{background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.7),rgba(0,0,0,.3) 70%,transparent);bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;color:#fff;font-size:.8em;margin:0;max-height:100%;overflow:auto;padding:3em .77em .7em;position:absolute;text-align:center;width:100%;z-index:2}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure figcaption a{color:inherit} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--global-color: #d54414;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-frontend-css' href="wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/css/frontend.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-flatpickr-css' href="wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-select2-css' href="wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <link rel='stylesheet' id='__EPYT__style-css' href="wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus-pro/styles/ytprefs.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <style id='__EPYT__style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .epyt-gallery-thumb { width: 33.333%; } .wf-active body{font-family: 'Poppins';}.wf-active .logo-text,.wf-active h1,.wf-active h2,.wf-active h3,.wf-active h4,.wf-active h5,.wf-active h6,.wf-active .the-subtitle{font-family: 'Roboto';}.wf-active #main-nav .main-menu > ul > li > a{font-family: 'Roboto';}html body{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}html #logo.text-logo .logo-text{font-size: 36px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}html #top-nav .top-menu > ul > li > a{font-size: 12px;}html #top-nav{line-height: 1.5em}html #top-nav .top-menu > ul ul li a{font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.5;}html #main-nav .main-menu > ul > li > a{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 700;text-transform: uppercase;}html #main-nav .main-menu > ul ul li a{font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;}html #mobile-menu li a{font-size: 16px;text-transform: uppercase;}html .breaking .breaking-title{font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700;}html .ticker-wrapper .ticker-content{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 600;}html body .button,html body [type="submit"]{font-size: 15px;font-weight: 800;text-transform: uppercase;}html #breadcrumb{font-size: 14px;font-weight: 300;line-height: 1.5;}html .post-cat{font-size: 14px;font-weight: 600;}html .entry-header h1.entry-title{font-size: 32px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}html h1.page-title{font-size: 34px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}html #the-post .entry-content,html #the-post .entry-content p{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.75;}html .comment-list .comment-body p{font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;}html #the-post .entry-content blockquote,html #the-post .entry-content blockquote p{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}html #tie-wrapper .mag-box-title h3{font-size: 26px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}@media (min-width: 992px){html .container-404 h2{font-size: 34px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}}@media (min-width: 992px){html .container-404 h3{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}}@media (min-width: 992px){html .container-404 h4{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html .section-title.section-title-default,html .section-title-centered{font-size: 26px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html .section-title-big{font-size: 34px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}html #tie-wrapper .copyright-text{font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.5;}html #footer .widget-title .the-subtitle{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;}html .entry h1{font-size: 32px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h2{font-size: 22px;line-height: 1.25;}html .entry h3{font-size: 20px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h4{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h5{font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h6{font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.5;}html #tie-wrapper .widget-title .the-subtitle,html #tie-wrapper #comments-title,html #tie-wrapper .comment-reply-title,html #tie-wrapper .woocommerce-tabs .panel h2,html #tie-wrapper .related.products h2,html #tie-wrapper #bbpress-forums #new-post > fieldset.bbp-form > legend,html #tie-wrapper .entry-content .review-box-header{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}html .post-widget-body .post-title,html .timeline-widget ul li h3,html .posts-list-half-posts li .post-title{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 600;line-height: 1;}html #tie-wrapper .media-page-layout .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.full-width-img-news-box .posts-items>li .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .miscellaneous-box .posts-items>li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .big-thumb-left-box .posts-items li:first-child .post-title{font-size: 22px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.wide-post-box .posts-items>li:nth-child(n) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-left-box li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-top-box li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.half-box li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-posts-box .posts-items>li:nth-child(n) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.mini-posts-box .posts-items>li:nth-child(n) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.latest-poroducts-box .products .product h2{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-left-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-top-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.half-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-thumb-left-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.scrolling-box .slide .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.miscellaneous-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}@media (min-width: 992px){html .full-width .fullwidth-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .full-width .wide-next-prev-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .full-width .wide-slider-with-navfor-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .full-width .boxed-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-title{font-size: 26px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 992px){html .has-sidebar .fullwidth-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .has-sidebar .wide-next-prev-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .has-sidebar .wide-slider-with-navfor-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .has-sidebar .boxed-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-title{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-3-slides .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-5-first-big .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-5-big-centerd .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-4-big-first-half-second .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-2-big .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .wide-slider-three-slids-wrapper .thumb-title{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html #tie-wrapper .boxed-slider-three-slides-wrapper .slide .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-3-slides .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-5-first-big .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-5-big-centerd .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-4-big-first-half-second .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-5-in-rows .grid-item:nth-child(n) .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-4-slides .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-6-slides .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .boxed-four-taller-slider .slide .thumb-title{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}:root:root{--brand-color: #d54414;--dark-brand-color: #a31200;--bright-color: #FFFFFF;--base-color: #2c2f34;}#reading-position-indicator{box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba( 213,68,20,0.7);}html :root:root{--brand-color: #d54414;--dark-brand-color: #a31200;--bright-color: #FFFFFF;--base-color: #2c2f34;}html #reading-position-indicator{box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba( 213,68,20,0.7);}html .main-slider .slide-bg,html .main-slider .slide{background-position: center center;}html a,html body .entry a,html .dark-skin body .entry a,html .comment-list .comment-content a{color: #183a5e;}html a:hover,html body .entry a:hover,html .dark-skin body .entry a:hover,html .comment-list .comment-content a:hover{color: #d54414;}html #content a:hover{text-decoration: underline !important;}html .container-wrapper,html .the-global-title,html .comment-reply-title,html .tabs,html .flex-tabs .flexMenu-popup,html .magazine1 .tabs-vertical .tabs li a,html .magazine1 .tabs-vertical:after,html .mag-box .show-more-button,html .white-bg .social-icons-item a,html textarea,html input,html select,html .toggle,html .post-content-slideshow,html .post-content-slideshow .slider-nav-wrapper,html .share-buttons-bottom,html .pages-numbers a,html .pages-nav-item,html .first-last-pages .pagination-icon,html .multiple-post-pages .post-page-numbers,html #story-highlights li,html .review-item,html .review-summary,html .user-rate-wrap,html .review-final-score,html .tabs a{border-color: #d54414 !important;}html .magazine1 .tabs a{border-bottom-color: transparent !important;}html .fullwidth-area .tagcloud a:not(:hover){background: transparent;box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px #d54414;}html .subscribe-widget-content .subscribe-subtitle:after,html .white-bg .social-icons-item:before{background-color: #d54414 !important;}html #header-notification-bar{background: var( --tie-preset-gradient-13 );}html #header-notification-bar{--tie-buttons-color: #FFFFFF;--tie-buttons-border-color: #FFFFFF;--tie-buttons-hover-color: #e1e1e1;--tie-buttons-hover-text: #000000;}html #header-notification-bar{--tie-buttons-text: #000000;}html #top-nav,html #top-nav .sub-menu,html #top-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #top-nav .ticker-content,html #top-nav .ticker-swipe,html .top-nav-boxed #top-nav .topbar-wrapper,html .top-nav-dark .top-menu ul,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav{background-color : #262626;}html #top-nav *,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav{border-color: rgba( #FFFFFF,0.08);}html #top-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color: #262626;}html #top-nav a:not(:hover),html #top-nav input,html #top-nav #search-submit,html #top-nav .fa-spinner,html #top-nav .dropdown-social-icons li a span,html #top-nav .components > li .social-link:not(:hover) span,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav a{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input::-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input:-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input:-ms-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav,html .search-in-top-nav{--tie-buttons-color: #ffffff;--tie-buttons-border-color: #ffffff;--tie-buttons-text: #000000;--tie-buttons-hover-color: #e1e1e1;}html #top-nav a:hover,html #top-nav .menu li:hover > a,html #top-nav .menu > .tie-current-menu > a,html #top-nav .components > li:hover > a,html #top-nav .components #search-submit:hover,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav .post-title a:hover{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav,html #top-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #top-nav .tie-weather-widget{color: #ffffff;}html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav .post-meta,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav .post-meta a:not(:hover){color: rgba( 255,255,255,0.7 );}html #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,html #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,html #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind{color: #ffffff !important;}html #main-nav,html #main-nav .menu-sub-content,html #main-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #main-nav ul.cats-vertical li a.is-active,html #main-nav ul.cats-vertical li a:hover,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav{background-color: #993300;}html #main-nav{border-width: 0;}html #theme-header #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){bottom: 0;}html #main-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color: #993300;}html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav{border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.07);}html .main-nav-boxed #main-nav .main-menu-wrapper{border-width: 0;}html #main-nav a:not(:hover),html #main-nav a.social-link:not(:hover) span,html #main-nav .dropdown-social-icons li a span,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav a{color: #ffffff;}html #theme-header:not(.main-nav-boxed) #main-nav,html .main-nav-boxed .main-menu-wrapper{border-bottom-color:#d54414 !important;border-bottom-width:3px !important;border-style: solid;border-right: 0 none;border-left : 0 none;}html .main-nav-boxed #main-nav.fixed-nav{box-shadow: none;}html #main-nav,html #main-nav input,html #main-nav #search-submit,html #main-nav .fa-spinner,html #main-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #main-nav .tie-weather-widget{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input::-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input:-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input:-ms-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav .mega-menu .post-meta,html #main-nav .mega-menu .post-meta a,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav .post-meta{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);}html #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,html #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,html #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind{color: #ffffff !important;}html #the-post .entry-content a:not(.shortc-button){color: #d54414 !important;}html #the-post .entry-content a:not(.shortc-button):hover{color: #183a5e !important;}html #site-info{background-color: #262626;}@media (max-width: 991px) {html #tie-wrapper #theme-header,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header #main-nav .main-menu-wrapper,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container{background: transparent;}html #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container.fixed-nav,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header #main-nav{background-color: #d54414;}html .mobile-header-components .components .comp-sub-menu{background-color: #d54414;}}html #tie-wrapper #theme-header{background-color: #d54414;}@media (min-width: 1200px){html .container{width: auto;}}html .boxed-layout #tie-wrapper,html .boxed-layout .fixed-nav{max-width: 1290px;}@media (min-width: 1260px){html .container,html .wide-next-prev-slider-wrapper .slider-main-container{max-width: 1260px;}}html .side-aside.dark-skin a.remove:not(:hover)::before,html #mobile-social-icons .social-icons-item a:not(:hover) span{color: #ffffff!important;}html .mobile-header-components li.custom-menu-link > a,html #mobile-menu-icon .menu-text{color: #ffffff!important;}html #mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon,html #mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon:before,html #mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon:after{background-color: #ffffff!important;}.entry { font-size: 18px !important;}#breadcrumb,#breadcrumb a:not(:hover) { color: #262626 !important;}.mag-box .post-excerpt { line-height:1.35em !important;font-size:15px !important;}.entry-header .entry-sub-title { font-size: 22px !important; font-weight: 600 !important; color: #303030 !important;}.entry-header .post-meta { font-size: 14px !important;}.main-menu .mega-recent-post .post-box-title a { font-family: "Montserrat" !important; font-weight: 900 !important;}#breadcrumb { margin: 20px 0px 20px 0px !important;}.magazine2 .mag-box,.magazine2 .sidebar .container-wrapper,.magazine2 .sidebar .tie-weather-widget,.magazine2 .widget-content-only { margin-bottom: 20px !important;}html #top-nav { background-color: #262626; padding-top: 7px;}.entry li,.comment-content li { margin: 0 0 18px 0 !important;}.main-menu .mega-recent-post .post-box-title a { font-family: "Roboto" !important; font-weight: 900 !important;}.mega-menu a.mega-menu-link { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700 !important; border: 0; display: block;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js" id="ppress-flatpickr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js" id="ppress-select2-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="__ytprefs__-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _EPYT_ = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","security":"0506c508fe","gallery_scrolloffset":"20","eppathtoscripts":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus-pro\/scripts\/","eppath":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus-pro\/","epresponsiveselector":"[\"iframe.__youtube_prefs_widget__\"]","epdovol":"1","version":"14.2.1.2","evselector":"iframe.__youtube_prefs__[src], iframe[src*=\"youtube.com\/embed\/\"], iframe[src*=\"youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\"]","ajax_compat":"","maxres_facade":"eager","ytapi_load":"light","pause_others":"","stopMobileBuffer":"1","facade_mode":"","not_live_on_channel":"","not_live_showtime":"180","vi_active":"","vi_js_posttypes":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus-pro/scripts/ytprefs.min.js" id="__ytprefs__-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="wp-json/"/><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="wp-json/wp/v2/pages/557"/><link rel='shortlink' href="/"/> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Finsight.ieeeusa.org%2F"/> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Finsight.ieeeusa.org%2F&format=xml"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KFP56RM');</script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var didInit = false; function initMunchkin() { if(didInit === false) { didInit = true; Munchkin.init('756-GPH-899'); } } var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = '//munchkin.marketo.net/munchkin.js'; s.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 'complete' || this.readyState == 'loaded') { initMunchkin(); } }; s.onload = initMunchkin; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s); })(); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-TOP', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1652890304590-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-ARTICLE', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653058996696-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-MIDDLE', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653084389620-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-LP-BOTTOM', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653083977638-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-ABOVE-FOOTER', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653061873521-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-SIDEBAR-TOP', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1652890388518-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-SKYSCRAPER-SIDE', [300, 600], 'div-gpt-ad-1653586221580-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-ABOVE-ARTICLE', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1682019234863-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <meta name="theme-color" content="#d54414"/><link rel="icon" href="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" href="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-180x180.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-270x270.png"/> </head> <body id="tie-body" class="home page-template-default page page-id-557 tie-no-js wrapper-has-shadow block-head-8 magazine2 is-lazyload is-thumb-overlay-disabled is-desktop is-header-layout-3 has-header-ad has-builder hide_banner_top hide_banner_above_content hide_breaking_news hide_read_more_buttons hide_share_post_top hide_read_next hide_related hide_back_top_button"> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KFP56RM" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="background-overlay"> <div id="tie-container" class="site tie-container"> <div id="tie-wrapper"> <header id="theme-header" class="theme-header header-layout-3 main-nav-light main-nav-default-light main-nav-below has-stream-item top-nav-active top-nav-dark top-nav-default-dark top-nav-above has-normal-width-logo has-custom-sticky-logo mobile-header-centered"> <nav id="top-nav" class="has-menu-components top-nav header-nav" aria-label="Secondary Navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="topbar-wrapper"> <div class="tie-alignleft"> <div class="top-menu header-menu"><ul id="menu-top-bar-ieee-identity" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-6" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6"><a href="//www.ieee.org/">IEEE.org</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7"><a href="//ieeexplore.ieee.org/">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8"><a href="//standards.ieee.org/">IEEE Standards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9"><a href="//spectrum.ieee.org/">IEEE Spectrum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10"><a href="//www.ieee.org/sitemap">More Sites</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="tie-alignright"> <ul class="components"> <li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link facebook-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link twitter-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//twitter.com/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link linkedin-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link youtube-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-youtube"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link instagram-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-instagram"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link tiktok-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.tiktok.com/@ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-tiktok"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link rss-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="feed/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-feed"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="container header-container"> <div class="tie-row logo-row"> <div class="logo-wrapper"> <div class="tie-col-md-4 logo-container clearfix"> <div id="mobile-header-components-area_1" class="mobile-header-components"></div> <div id="logo" class="image-logo" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <a title="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" href="/"> <picture class="tie-logo-default tie-logo-picture"> <source class="tie-logo-source-default tie-logo-source" srcset="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo-x2.png 2x, https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo.png 1x"> <img class="tie-logo-img-default tie-logo-img" src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo.png" alt="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" width="275" height="110" style="max-height:110px; width: auto;"/> </picture> <h1 class="h1-off">IEEE-USA InSight Logo</h1> </a> </div> <div id="mobile-header-components-area_2" class="mobile-header-components"><ul class="components"><li class="mobile-component_menu custom-menu-link"><a href="#" id="mobile-menu-icon"><span class="tie-mobile-menu-icon nav-icon is-layout-1"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="tie-col-md-8 stream-item stream-item-top-wrapper"><div class="stream-item-top"><span class="stream-title">Advertisement</span><div class="stream-item-size"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1652890304590-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1652890304590-0'); }); </script> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="main-nav-wrapper"> <nav id="main-nav" data-skin="search-in-main-nav" class="main-nav header-nav live-search-parent menu-style-default menu-style-solid-bg" aria-label="Primary Navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="main-menu-wrapper"> <div id="menu-components-wrap"> <div id="sticky-logo" class="image-logo"> <a title="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" href="/"> <picture class="tie-logo-default tie-logo-picture"> <source class="tie-logo-source-default tie-logo-source" srcset="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/10/IS-icon-new-2022.jpg"> <img class="tie-logo-img-default tie-logo-img" src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/10/IS-icon-new-2022.jpg" alt="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" style="max-height:49px; width: auto;"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="flex-placeholder"></div> <div class="main-menu main-menu-wrap"> <div id="main-nav-menu" class="main-menu header-menu"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-22 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="1"><a href="articles/category/careers/">Careers</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="mega-recent-featured-list sub-list"> <li id="menu-item-3776" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3776"><a href="careers/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="tie-menu-icon fas fa-home"></span> Careers Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3779"><a href="articles/category/careers/career-skills/">Career Skills</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3777" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3777"><a href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/">Career Columns</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3783"><a href="articles/category/careers/licensure-registration/">Licensure & Registration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3781"><a href="articles/category/careers/employment/">Employment InSights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3780" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3780"><a href="articles/category/careers/consulting/">Consulting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3782"><a href="articles/category/careers/entrepreneurship/">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3778"><a href="articles/category/careers/resources/">Career Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3784" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3784"><a href="articles/category/careers/students-yps/">Students & YPs</a></li> </ul> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-24" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-24 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="11"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/">Public Policy</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="mega-recent-featured-list sub-list"> <li id="menu-item-3725" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3725"><a href="public-policy/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="tie-menu-icon fas fa-home"></span> Public Policy Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3731" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3731"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/issues/">Public Policy Issues</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3732" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3732"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/legislative-updates/">Legislative Updates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3730" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3730"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/government-fellowships/">Government Fellowships</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3793"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/wise/">WISE Internships</a></li> </ul> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="19"><a href="articles/category/infocus/">IEEE-USA in Focus</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="mega-recent-featured-list sub-list"> <li id="menu-item-3786" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3786"><a href="ieee-usa-infocus/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="tie-menu-icon fas fa-home"></span> IEEE-USA InFocus Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3787"><a href="articles/category/infocus/awards-recognition/">Awards & Recognition</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3788"><a href="articles/category/infocus/conferences-events/">Conferences & Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3789"><a href="articles/category/infocus/ieee-usa-in-action/">IEEE-USA in Action</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3790"><a href="articles/category/infocus/ieee-usa-leaders/">IEEE-USA Leaders</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3791"><a href="articles/category/infocus/products-services/">Products & Services</a></li> </ul> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-3493" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3493 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="28"><a href="articles/category/views/">Views</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-3832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3832"><a href="latest/">Latest</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-25 mega-menu mega-links mega-links-4col "><a href="articles/category/views/">Popular</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="sub-menu-columns"> <li id="menu-item-3490" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3490 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="#">Popular Articles</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-5469" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5469"><a href="articles/ieee-usa-releases-2024-salary-benefits-report/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>IEEE-USA Releases 2024 Salary & Benefits Report</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5471" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5471"><a href="articles/the-cost-of-misalignment-how-shift-shock-impacts-employees-and-employers/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>The Cost of Misalignment: How Shift Shock Impacts Employees and Employers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5470" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5470"><a href="articles/icop-launches-pilot-program-in-idaho/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4200" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-4200 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/">Career Columns</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-4196" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4196"><a href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/career-power-up/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Career Power-Up</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4197"><a href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/career-reset/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Career Reset</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4198" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4198"><a href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/cogent-communicator/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Cogent Communicator</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4199" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4199"><a href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/lessons-on-leadership/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Lessons on Leadership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3880" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-3880 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="articles/category/public-policy/issues/">Popular Policy Issues</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-3881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3881"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/issues/artificial-intelligence/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3882" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3882"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/issues/cybersecurity/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Cybersecurity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3883"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/issues/energy/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3884"><a href="articles/category/public-policy/issues/immigration/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Immigration Reform</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-3886 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="articles/category/infocus/">IEEE-USA InFocus</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-3888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3888"><a href="articles/category/infocus/awards-recognition/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Awards & Recognition</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3889"><a href="articles/category/infocus/conferences-events/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Conferences & Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3890"><a href="articles/category/infocus/products-services/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Products & Services</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-26" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26"><a target="_blank" href="//engage.ieee.org/IEEE-USA-InSight-Sign-Up.html">SUBSCRIBE</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27"><a target="_blank" href="//www.ieee.org/membership/join/ieeeusa-join-renew.html">JOIN IEEE</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-28"><a target="_blank" href="//ieeeusa.org/">IEEEUSA.ORG</a> <ul class="sub-menu menu-sub-content"> <li id="menu-item-4329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4329"><a href="//ieeeusa.org/advertise/">Advertise with Us</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div> <ul class="components"> <li class="search-compact-icon menu-item custom-menu-link"> <a href="#" class="tie-search-trigger"> <span class="tie-icon-search tie-search-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-styles-css' href="wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/style.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-styles')</script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-shortcodes-css' href="wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/plugins/shortcodes.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-shortcodes')</script> <div id="tiepost-557-section-20" class="section-wrapper container-full without-background is-stretch-section"> <div class="section-item is-first-section full-width"> <style>html #tie-block_3444{--brand-color: #d54414;--dark-brand-color: #b72600;--bright-color: #FFFFFF;}</style> <div class="container"> <div class="tie-row main-content-row"> <div class="main-content tie-col-md-12"> <section id="tie-block_3444" class="slider-area mag-box"> <style>#tie-main-slider-14-block_3444 .slide-bg,#tie-main-slider-14-block_3444 .slide{ background-position: center bottom; }</style> <div class="slider-area-inner"> <div id="tie-main-slider-14-block_3444" class="tie-main-slider main-slider grid-5-first-big grid-5-slider boxed-slider grid-slider-wrapper slide-mask tie-slick-slider-wrapper" data-slider-id="14" data-speed="3000"> <div class="main-slider-inner"> <div class="containerblock_3444"> <div class="tie-slick-slider"> <ul class="tie-slider-nav"></ul><div class="slide"><div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/How-to-Spot-a-Great-Manager-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5483 tie-slide-1 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/how-to-spot-a-great-manager/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="How to Spot a Great Manager"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-5" href="articles/category/careers/career-skills/">Career Skills</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">19 November 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/how-to-spot-a-great-manager/">How to Spot a Great Manager</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">Identifying a great manager starts with understanding your preferred organizational style and what traits matter most to you.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/Cringey-Habits-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5481 tie-slide-2 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/cringey-habits-to-kick-in-your-first-job/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="Cringey Habits to Kick in Your First Job"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-160" href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/career-power-up/">Career Power-Up</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">19 November 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/cringey-habits-to-kick-in-your-first-job/">Cringey Habits to Kick in Your First Job</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">As you transition from university to your first job, there are a few cringey habits you should aim to break early.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/Effectively-Managing-People-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5478 tie-slide-3 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/eight-key-skills-needed-to-effectively-manage-people/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="Eight Key Skills Needed to Effectively Manage People"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-1" href="articles/category/careers/">Careers</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">19 November 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/eight-key-skills-needed-to-effectively-manage-people/">Eight Key Skills Needed to Effectively Manage People</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">Leaders who master effectively managing people appreciate the importance and interdependence of these eight skill sets.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/How-to-Handle-a-Colleague-with-No-Filter-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5486 tie-slide-4 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/how-to-handle-a-colleague-with-no-filter/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="How to Handle a Colleague with No Filter"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-103" href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/">Career Columns</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">19 November 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/how-to-handle-a-colleague-with-no-filter/">How to Handle a Colleague with No Filter</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">Establishing boundaries with a colleague with no filter requires a delicate balance of assertiveness, empathy and professionalism.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/Transactions-of-the-AIEE-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5475 tie-slide-5 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/transactions-of-the-american-institute-of-electrical-engineers-volume-1/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Volume 1"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-28" href="articles/category/views/">Views</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">18 November 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/transactions-of-the-american-institute-of-electrical-engineers-volume-1/">Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Volume 1</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">The Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Volume 1, is the first published record of an IEEE predecessor society.</div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide"><div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/10/DDIT-1200x700-1-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5465 tie-slide-6 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/diver-diverts-disaster/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="Diver Diverts Disaster! New Robot Comic from IEEE-USA"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-48" href="articles/category/infocus/products-services/">Products & Services</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">1 November 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/diver-diverts-disaster/">Diver Diverts Disaster! New Robot Comic from IEEE-USA</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">In a new IEEE-USA robot e-comic, Jenn calls on Diver to help unclog an intake pipe of a storage tank at a water treatment plant.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/10/Transitioning-1200x700-1-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5462 tie-slide-1 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/new-ieee-usa-audiobook-transitioning-from-school-into-engineering/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="New IEEE-USA Audiobook Offers Tips for Transitioning from School into Engineering"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-48" href="articles/category/infocus/products-services/">Products & Services</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">1 November 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/new-ieee-usa-audiobook-transitioning-from-school-into-engineering/">New IEEE-USA Audiobook Offers Tips for Transitioning from School into Engineering</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">IEEE-USA's new audiobook is helpful for recent engineering grads, or current engineering students who will be transitioning to the workforce.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/10/SOS-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5459 tie-slide-2 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/sos-i-dont-know-what-i-want-in-my-career/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="SOS – I Don’t Know What I Want in My Career"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-160" href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/career-power-up/">Career Power-Up</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">29 October 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/sos-i-dont-know-what-i-want-in-my-career/">SOS – I Don’t Know What I Want in My Career</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">What is your goal for your career? With a thoughtful approach and an open mind, you’ll be better equipped to navigate your career journey.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/10/Networking_vs_Relationship_Building-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5439 tie-slide-3 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/on-networking-versus-relationship-building/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="On Networking Versus Relationship Building: Are You Staying or Just Passing Through?"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-5" href="articles/category/careers/career-skills/">Career Skills</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">23 October 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/on-networking-versus-relationship-building/">On Networking Versus Relationship Building: Are You Staying or Just Passing Through?</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">Networking and relationship building each have unique value, and knowing when to prioritize one over the other can help you effectively navigate your personal and professional growth.</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: url(https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/10/Presentation-780x470.jpg)" class="grid-item slide-id-5446 tie-slide-4 tie-standard"> <a href="articles/your-guide-to-last-minute-presentation-prep/" class="all-over-thumb-link" aria-label="Your Guide to Last-Minute Presentation Prep"></a> <div class="thumb-overlay"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-160" href="articles/category/careers/career-columns/career-power-up/">Career Power-Up</a></span><div class="thumb-content"><div class="thumb-meta"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">23 October 2024</span></div> <h2 class="thumb-title"><a href="articles/your-guide-to-last-minute-presentation-prep/">Your Guide to Last-Minute Presentation Prep</a></h2> <div class="thumb-desc">What should you do when you are asked to give a last-minute presentation and can’t follow your usual prep techniques?</div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tiepost-557-section-452" class="section-wrapper container normal-width without-background"> <div class="section-item full-width"> <div class="container-normal"> <div class="tie-row main-content-row"> <div class="main-content tie-col-md-12"> <div id="tie-block_1155" class="mag-box big-post-left-box has-first-big-post" data-current="1"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="mag-box-title the-global-title"> <h3> <a href="careers/">Careers</a> </h3> <div class="tie-alignright"> <div class="mag-box-options"> <ul class="mag-box-filter-links is-flex-tabs"><li><a href="#" class="block-ajax-term block-all-term active">All</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="103" class="block-ajax-term">Career Columns</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="61" class="block-ajax-term">Career Resources</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="5" class="block-ajax-term">Career Skills</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="84" class="block-ajax-term">Consulting</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="69" class="block-ajax-term">Employment InSights</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="70" class="block-ajax-term">Entrepreneurship</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="10" class="block-ajax-term">Licensure & Registration</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="26" class="block-ajax-term">Students & YPs</a></li></ul><a class="block-more-button" href="careers/">More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mag-box-container clearfix"> <ul class="posts-items posts-list-container"> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="How to Disagree Without Becoming Disagreeable" href="articles/how-to-disagree-without-becoming-disagreeable/" class="post-thumb"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><span class="post-cat tie-cat-5">Career Skills</span></span><img width="390" height="220" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-large size-jannah-image-large lazy-img wp-post-image" alt="How to Disagree Without Becoming Disagreeable" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/10/disagreement-390x220.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="author-meta single-author no-avatars"><span class="meta-item meta-author-wrapper meta-author-32"><span class="meta-author"><a href="articles/author/jmercer/" class="author-name tie-icon" title="Julian Mercer">Julian Mercer</a></span></span></span><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">23 October 2024</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-views meta-item very-hot"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 313 </span></div></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/how-to-disagree-without-becoming-disagreeable/">How to Disagree Without Becoming Disagreeable</a></h2> <p class="post-excerpt">Being able to disagree with team members or colleagues, while maintaining professionalism, is a valuable skill in any workplace.</p> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="How to Respond Diplomatically When You Feel Like You’re Under Attack" href="articles/how-to-respond-diplomatically-when-you-feel-like-youre-under-attack/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="How to Respond Diplomatically When You Feel Like You're Under Attack" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/Under_Attack-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">23 October 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/how-to-respond-diplomatically-when-you-feel-like-youre-under-attack/">How to Respond Diplomatically When You Feel Like You’re Under Attack</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Free Resources to Help You Prepare for the FE and PE Exams" href="articles/free-resources-to-help-you-prepare-for-the-fe-and-pe-exams/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Free Resources to Help You Prepare for the FE and PE Exams" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/10/Exam_Prep-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">3 October 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/free-resources-to-help-you-prepare-for-the-fe-and-pe-exams/">Free Resources to Help You Prepare for the FE and PE Exams</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="The Art of Explaining Business Etiquette" href="articles/the-art-of-explaining-business-etiquette/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="The Art of Explaining Business Etiquette" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/Business-Etiquette-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">23 September 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/the-art-of-explaining-business-etiquette/">The Art of Explaining Business Etiquette</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Mastering the Art of Delegation" href="articles/mastering-the-art-of-delegation/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Mastering the Art of Delegation" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/Art_of_Delegation-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">23 September 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/mastering-the-art-of-delegation/">Mastering the Art of Delegation</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Strategies and Insights for Navigating Mental Health in the Remote Work Era" href="articles/strategies-and-insights-for-navigating-mental-health-in-the-remote-work-era/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Strategies and Insights for Navigating Mental Health in the Remote Work Era" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/Remote_Work-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">23 September 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/strategies-and-insights-for-navigating-mental-health-in-the-remote-work-era/">Strategies and Insights for Navigating Mental Health in the Remote Work Era</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="IEEE-USA Releases 2024 Salary & Benefits Report" href="articles/ieee-usa-releases-2024-salary-benefits-report/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="IEEE-USA Releases 2024 Salary & Benefits Report" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/SS24-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">16 September 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/ieee-usa-releases-2024-salary-benefits-report/">IEEE-USA Releases 2024 Salary & Benefits Report</a></h2> </div> </li> </ul><div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="pages-nav"> <div class="pages-numbers pages-standard"> <span class="first-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination prev-posts pagination-disabled" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous </a> </span> <span class="last-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination next-posts" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Next </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script>var js_tie_block_1155 = {"order":"latest","asc_or_desc":"DESC","id":["103","61","5","84","69","70","10","26"],"number":"7","pagi":"next-prev-buttons","excerpt":"true","excerpt_length":"50","more":"true","post_meta":"true","filters":"true","breaking_effect":"reveal","sub_style":"li","is_full":"true","style":"large-first","title_length":"","media_overlay":"","read_more_text":""};</script> <div id="tie-block_1849" class="mag-box stream-item-mag stream-item"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="stream-item stream-item-in-post stream-item-in-post-3"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1653058996696-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1653058996696-0'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style>#tie-block_2513{color: #000000;}#tie-block_2513 .container-wrapper,#tie-block_2513 .flexMenu-popup,#tie-block_2513.full-overlay-title li:not(.no-post-thumb) .block-title-overlay{background-color: #f7f7f7;}#tie-block_2513 .slider-arrow-nav a:not(:hover),#tie-block_2513 .pagination-disabled,#tie-block_2513 .pagination-disabled:hover{color: #000000 !important;}#tie-block_2513 a:not(:hover):not(.button){color: #000000;}#tie-block_2513 .entry,#tie-block_2513 .post-excerpt,#tie-block_2513 .post-meta,#tie-block_2513 .day-month,#tie-block_2513 .post-meta a:not(:hover){color: #000000 !important;opacity: 0.9;}#tie-block_2513.first-post-gradient .posts-items li:first-child a:not(:hover),#tie-block_2513.first-post-gradient li:first-child .post-meta{color: #ffffff !important;}#tie-block_2513 .slider-arrow-nav a,#tie-block_2513 .pages-nav .pages-numbers a,#tie-block_2513 .show-more-button{border-color: #d9d9d9;}</style> <div id="tie-block_2513" class="mag-box big-post-left-box has-first-big-post has-custom-bg-color" data-current="1"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="mag-box-title the-global-title"> <h3> <a href="public-policy/">Public Policy</a> </h3> <div class="tie-alignright"> <div class="mag-box-options"> <ul class="mag-box-filter-links is-flex-tabs"><li><a href="#" class="block-ajax-term block-all-term active">All</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="67" class="block-ajax-term">Government Fellowships</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="55" class="block-ajax-term">Legislative Updates</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="121" class="block-ajax-term">Public Policy Issues</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="50" class="block-ajax-term">WISE Internships</a></li></ul><a class="block-more-button" href="public-policy/">More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mag-box-container clearfix"> <ul class="posts-items posts-list-container"> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho" href="articles/icop-launches-pilot-program-in-idaho/" class="post-thumb"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><span class="post-cat tie-cat-1">Careers</span></span><img width="390" height="220" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-large size-jannah-image-large lazy-img wp-post-image" alt="IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/Picture1-390x220.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="author-meta single-author no-avatars"><span class="meta-item meta-author-wrapper meta-author-3"><span class="meta-author"><a href="articles/author/insight/" class="author-name tie-icon" title="Guest Contributor">Guest Contributor</a></span></span></span><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">6 September 2024</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-views meta-item very-hot"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 242 </span></div></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/icop-launches-pilot-program-in-idaho/">IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho</a></h2> <p class="post-excerpt">The new IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) provides a way for IEEE members to make a significant impact on technology policies by engaging with their local representatives.</p> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Navigating the Future: Update of the National Robotics Roadmap" href="articles/navigating-the-future-update-of-the-national-robotics-roadmap/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Navigating the Future: Update of the National Robotics Roadmap" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/06/AI_Robotics_Hill_Showcase-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">11 June 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/navigating-the-future-update-of-the-national-robotics-roadmap/">Navigating the Future: Update of the National Robotics Roadmap</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="CVD 2024: Opening Minds" href="articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="CVD 2024: Opening Minds" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/CVD2024-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">20 May 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/">CVD 2024: Opening Minds</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Technologies for Authenticating Media in the Context of Deepfakes" href="articles/technologies-for-authenticating-media-in-the-context-of-deepfakes/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Technologies for Authenticating Media in the Context of Deepfakes" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/GettyImages-2007272694-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">9 May 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/technologies-for-authenticating-media-in-the-context-of-deepfakes/">Technologies for Authenticating Media in the Context of Deepfakes</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="IEEE-USA Hosts Its Most Successful Congressional Visits Day (CVD) Yet" href="articles/ieee-usa-hosts-its-most-successful-congressional-visits-day-cvd-yet/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="IEEE-USA Hosts Its Most Successful Congressional Visits Day (CVD) Yet" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/CVD-group-220x150.jpeg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">29 April 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/ieee-usa-hosts-its-most-successful-congressional-visits-day-cvd-yet/">IEEE-USA Hosts Its Most Successful Congressional Visits Day (CVD) Yet</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Bridging the Technologist/Policymaker Divide in Digital Privacy" href="articles/bridging-the-technologist-policymaker-divide-in-digital-privacy/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Bridging the Technologist/Policymaker Divide in Digital Privacy" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/02/Digital-Privacy-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">26 February 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/bridging-the-technologist-policymaker-divide-in-digital-privacy/">Bridging the Technologist/Policymaker Divide in Digital Privacy</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="R&D for Small Research Institutes: Diving Headfirst into an AI-Driven World" href="articles/rd-for-small-research-institutes-diving-headfirst-into-an-ai-driven-world/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="R&D for Small Research Institutes: Diving Headfirst into an AI-Driven World" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/02/NAIRR2-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">21 February 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/rd-for-small-research-institutes-diving-headfirst-into-an-ai-driven-world/">R&D for Small Research Institutes: Diving Headfirst into an AI-Driven World</a></h2> </div> </li> </ul><div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="pages-nav"> <div class="pages-numbers pages-standard"> <span class="first-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination prev-posts pagination-disabled" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous </a> </span> <span class="last-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination next-posts" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Next </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script>var js_tie_block_2513 = {"order":"latest","asc_or_desc":"DESC","id":["67","55","121","50"],"number":"7","pagi":"next-prev-buttons","excerpt":"true","excerpt_length":"50","more":"true","post_meta":"true","filters":"true","breaking_effect":"reveal","bgcolor":"#f7f7f7","sub_style":"li","is_full":"true","style":"large-first","title_length":"","media_overlay":"","read_more_text":""};</script> <div id="tie-block_3188" class="mag-box stream-item-mag stream-item"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="stream-item stream-item-in-post stream-item-in-post-4"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1653084389620-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1653084389620-0'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tie-block_397" class="mag-box big-post-left-box has-first-big-post" data-current="1"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="mag-box-title the-global-title"> <h3> <a href="ieee-usa-infocus/">IEEE-USA InFocus</a> </h3> <div class="tie-alignright"> <div class="mag-box-options"> <ul class="mag-box-filter-links is-flex-tabs"><li><a href="#" class="block-ajax-term block-all-term active">All</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="78" class="block-ajax-term">Awards & Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="56" class="block-ajax-term">Conferences & Events</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="43" class="block-ajax-term">IEEE-USA in Action</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="49" class="block-ajax-term">IEEE-USA Leaders</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="48" class="block-ajax-term">Products & Services</a></li></ul><a class="block-more-button" href="ieee-usa-infocus/">More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mag-box-container clearfix"> <ul class="posts-items posts-list-container"> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="New IEEE-USA Digital Comic Available Free to Members – “Momma and Baby” Robot Help Salvage Engineers Recover Company Secrets" href="articles/new-ieee-usa-digital-comic-available-free-to-members-momma-and-baby-robot-help-salvage-engineers-recover-company-secrets/" class="post-thumb"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><span class="post-cat tie-cat-19">IEEE-USA InFocus</span></span><img width="390" height="220" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-large size-jannah-image-large lazy-img wp-post-image" alt="New IEEE-USA Digital Comic Available Free to Members — “Momma and Baby” Robot Help Salvage Engineers Recover Company Secrets" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/MBOB-390x220.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="author-meta single-author no-avatars"><span class="meta-item meta-author-wrapper meta-author-16"><span class="meta-author"><a href="articles/author/prosengren/" class="author-name tie-icon" title="Paul Lief Rosengren">Paul Lief Rosengren</a></span></span></span><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">5 September 2024</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-views meta-item warm"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 62 </span></div></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/new-ieee-usa-digital-comic-available-free-to-members-momma-and-baby-robot-help-salvage-engineers-recover-company-secrets/">New IEEE-USA Digital Comic Available Free to Members – “Momma and Baby” Robot Help Salvage Engineers Recover Company Secrets</a></h2> <p class="post-excerpt">Harry T. Roman is out with his fifth IEEE-USA engineering digital comic e-book, Momma and Baby (M&B) Are on the Job.</p> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="New Audio-Comic Available: Tesla Twins — Rescue at The Speed of Light" href="articles/new-audio-comic-available-tesla-twins-rescue-at-the-speed-of-light/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="New Audio-Comic Available: Tesla Twins — Rescue at The Speed of Light" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/Rescue-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">5 September 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/new-audio-comic-available-tesla-twins-rescue-at-the-speed-of-light/">New Audio-Comic Available: Tesla Twins — Rescue at The Speed of Light</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="New IEEE-USA E-Book Explores Breaking the Cycle of an Unfulfilled Career" href="articles/new-ieee-usa-e-book-explores-breaking-the-cycle-of-an-unfulfilled-career/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="New IEEE-USA E-Book Explores Breaking the Cycle of an Unfulfilled Career" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/Breaking-the-Cycle-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">5 August 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/new-ieee-usa-e-book-explores-breaking-the-cycle-of-an-unfulfilled-career/">New IEEE-USA E-Book Explores Breaking the Cycle of an Unfulfilled Career</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Dr. Asad Madni Receives IEEE-USA George F. McClure Citation of Honor" href="articles/dr-asad-madni-receives-ieee-usa-george-f-mcclure-citation-of-honor/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Dr. Asad Madni Receives IEEE-USA George F. McClure Citation of Honor" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/Madni-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">30 July 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/dr-asad-madni-receives-ieee-usa-george-f-mcclure-citation-of-honor/">Dr. Asad Madni Receives IEEE-USA George F. McClure Citation of Honor</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Dr. Muralidhar Rangaswamy Receives the Harry Diamond Memorial Award" href="articles/dr-muralidhar-rangaswamy-receives-the-harry-diamond-memorial-award/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Dr. Muralidhar Rangaswamy Receives the Harry Diamond Memorial Award" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/Rangaswamy-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">24 July 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/dr-muralidhar-rangaswamy-receives-the-harry-diamond-memorial-award/">Dr. Muralidhar Rangaswamy Receives the Harry Diamond Memorial Award</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Erick Maxwell and Leon Grant receive IEEE-USA K-12 STEM Literacy Educator-Engineer Partnership Award" href="articles/erick-maxwell-and-leon-grant-receive-ieee-usa-k-12-stem-literacy-educator-engineer-partnership-award/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Erick Maxwell and Leon Grant receive IEEE-USA K-12 STEM Literacy Educator-Engineer Partnership Award" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/STEM-Literacy-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">24 July 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/erick-maxwell-and-leon-grant-receive-ieee-usa-k-12-stem-literacy-educator-engineer-partnership-award/">Erick Maxwell and Leon Grant receive IEEE-USA K-12 STEM Literacy Educator-Engineer Partnership Award</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Dr. Ulrich Rohde Receives IEEE-USA Entrepreneur Achievement Award for Leadership in Entrepreneurial Spirit" href="articles/dr-ulrich-rohde-receives-ieee-usa-entrepreneur-achievement-award-for-leadership-in-entrepreneurial-spirit/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Dr. Ulrich Rohde Receives IEEE-USA Entrepreneur Achievement Award for Leadership in Entrepreneurial Spirit" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/Rohde-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">24 July 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/dr-ulrich-rohde-receives-ieee-usa-entrepreneur-achievement-award-for-leadership-in-entrepreneurial-spirit/">Dr. Ulrich Rohde Receives IEEE-USA Entrepreneur Achievement Award for Leadership in Entrepreneurial Spirit</a></h2> </div> </li> </ul><div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="pages-nav"> <div class="pages-numbers pages-standard"> <span class="first-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination prev-posts pagination-disabled" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous </a> </span> <span class="last-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination next-posts" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Next </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script>var js_tie_block_397 = {"order":"latest","asc_or_desc":"DESC","id":["78","56","43","49","48"],"number":"7","pagi":"next-prev-buttons","excerpt":"true","excerpt_length":"50","more":"true","post_meta":"true","filters":"true","breaking_effect":"reveal","sub_style":"li","is_full":"true","style":"large-first","title_length":"","media_overlay":"","read_more_text":""};</script> <div id="tie-block_2146" class="mag-box stream-item-mag stream-item"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="stream-item stream-item-in-post stream-item-in-post-5"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1653083977638-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1653083977638-0'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style>#tie-block_690{color: #000000;}#tie-block_690 .container-wrapper,#tie-block_690 .flexMenu-popup,#tie-block_690.full-overlay-title li:not(.no-post-thumb) .block-title-overlay{background-color: #f7f7f7;}#tie-block_690 .slider-arrow-nav a:not(:hover),#tie-block_690 .pagination-disabled,#tie-block_690 .pagination-disabled:hover{color: #000000 !important;}#tie-block_690 a:not(:hover):not(.button){color: #000000;}#tie-block_690 .entry,#tie-block_690 .post-excerpt,#tie-block_690 .post-meta,#tie-block_690 .day-month,#tie-block_690 .post-meta a:not(:hover){color: #000000 !important;opacity: 0.9;}#tie-block_690.first-post-gradient .posts-items li:first-child a:not(:hover),#tie-block_690.first-post-gradient li:first-child .post-meta{color: #ffffff !important;}#tie-block_690 .slider-arrow-nav a,#tie-block_690 .pages-nav .pages-numbers a,#tie-block_690 .show-more-button{border-color: #d9d9d9;}</style> <div id="tie-block_690" class="mag-box big-post-left-box has-first-big-post has-custom-bg-color" data-current="1"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="mag-box-title the-global-title"> <h3> <a href="articles/category/views/">Views</a> </h3> <div class="tie-alignright"> <div class="mag-box-options"> <ul class="mag-box-filter-links is-flex-tabs"><li><a href="#" class="block-ajax-term block-all-term active">All</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="64" class="block-ajax-term">Backscatter</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="144" class="block-ajax-term">Book Reviews</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="86" class="block-ajax-term">Commentary</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="44" class="block-ajax-term">History Column</a></li><li><a href="#" data-id="63" class="block-ajax-term">World Bytes</a></li></ul><a class="block-more-button" href="articles/category/views/">More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mag-box-container clearfix"> <ul class="posts-items posts-list-container"> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Over and Under: A Brief History of Why Electric Power Lines Can’t Easily Be Placed Underground" href="articles/over-and-under-a-brief-history-of-why-electric-power-lines-cant-easily-be-placed-underground/" class="post-thumb"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><span class="post-cat tie-cat-44">History Column</span></span><img width="390" height="220" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-large size-jannah-image-large lazy-img wp-post-image" alt="Over and Under: A Brief History of Why Electric Power Lines Can’t Easily Be Placed Underground" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/insulators-1-390x220.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="author-meta single-author no-avatars"><span class="meta-item meta-author-wrapper meta-author-26"><span class="meta-author"><a href="articles/author/rcolburn/" class="author-name tie-icon" title="Robert Colburn">Robert Colburn</a></span></span></span><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">2 August 2024</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-views meta-item very-hot"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 624 </span></div></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/over-and-under-a-brief-history-of-why-electric-power-lines-cant-easily-be-placed-underground/">Over and Under: A Brief History of Why Electric Power Lines Can’t Easily Be Placed Underground</a></h2> <p class="post-excerpt">The reasons why electric power distribution lines haven't been placed underground and out of sight is a complex one.</p> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Human, Robot Dynamic Duo Solves Engineering Challenge — New Comic from IEEE-USA is Fourth in Series" href="articles/human-robot-dynamic-duo-solves-engineering-challenge/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Human, Robot Dynamic Duo Solves Engineering Challenge – New Comic from IEEE-USA is Fourth in Series" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/Stacks-1200x700-1-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">8 July 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/human-robot-dynamic-duo-solves-engineering-challenge/">Human, Robot Dynamic Duo Solves Engineering Challenge — New Comic from IEEE-USA is Fourth in Series</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="All About Mentoring – New Audiobook from IEEE-USA" href="articles/all-about-mentoring-new-audiobook-from-ieee-usa/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="All About Mentoring – New Audiobook from IEEE-USA" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/iom-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">8 July 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/all-about-mentoring-new-audiobook-from-ieee-usa/">All About Mentoring – New Audiobook from IEEE-USA</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="D-Day: Respect, Engineering and Leadership" href="articles/d-day-respect-engineering-and-leadership/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="D-Day: Respect, Engineering and Leadership" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/D-Day-220x150.png" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">30 May 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/d-day-respect-engineering-and-leadership/">D-Day: Respect, Engineering and Leadership</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="Vroom! IEEE-USA’s New Activity E-Book All About Cars" href="articles/vroom-ieee-usas-new-activity-e-book-all-about-cars/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Vroom! IEEE-USA’s New Activity E-Book All About Cars" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/Vroom-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">1 May 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/vroom-ieee-usas-new-activity-e-book-all-about-cars/">Vroom! IEEE-USA’s New Activity E-Book All About Cars</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="New IEEE-USA Audiobook Teaches Your Kids to Think and Solve Problems" href="articles/new-ieee-usa-audiobook-teaches-your-kids-to-think-and-solve-problems/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="New IEEE-USA Audiobook Teaches Your Kids to Think and Solve Problems" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/Teaching-Your-Kids-to-Think-and-Solve-Problems-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">1 May 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/new-ieee-usa-audiobook-teaches-your-kids-to-think-and-solve-problems/">New IEEE-USA Audiobook Teaches Your Kids to Think and Solve Problems</a></h2> </div> </li> <li class="post-item tie-standard"> <a aria-label="IEEE-USA Offers New E-Book for Members on Leading Exceptional Teams" href="articles/ieee-usa-offers-new-e-book-for-members-on-leading-exceptional-teams/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Leading Exceptional Teams" decoding="async" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/Leading_Exceptional_Teams-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> <div class="post-details"> <div class="post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">2 April 2024</span></div> <h2 class="post-title"><a href="articles/ieee-usa-offers-new-e-book-for-members-on-leading-exceptional-teams/">IEEE-USA Offers New E-Book for Members on Leading Exceptional Teams</a></h2> </div> </li> </ul><div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="pages-nav"> <div class="pages-numbers pages-standard"> <span class="first-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination prev-posts pagination-disabled" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous </a> </span> <span class="last-page first-last-pages"> <a class="block-pagination next-posts" href="#"> <span class="pagination-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> Next </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script>var js_tie_block_690 = {"order":"latest","asc_or_desc":"DESC","id":["64","144","86","44","63"],"number":"7","pagi":"next-prev-buttons","excerpt":"true","excerpt_length":"50","more":"true","post_meta":"true","filters":"true","breaking_effect":"reveal","bgcolor":"#f7f7f7","sub_style":"li","is_full":"true","style":"large-first","title_length":"","media_overlay":"","read_more_text":""};</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="stream-item stream-item-above-footer"><span class="stream-title">Advertisement</span><div class="stream-item-size"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1653061873521-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px; margin-bottom: 20px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1653061873521-0'); }); </script> </div></div></div> <footer id="footer" class="site-footer dark-skin dark-widgetized-area"> <div id="footer-widgets-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-widget-area "> <div class="tie-row"> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-widgets-css' href="wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/widgets.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-widgets')</script> <div id="posts-list-widget-2" class="container-wrapper widget posts-list"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Recent Posts</div></div><div class="widget-posts-list-wrapper"><div class="widget-posts-list-container media-overlay"><ul class="posts-list-items widget-posts-wrapper"> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="How to Spot a Great Manager" href="articles/how-to-spot-a-great-manager/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="How to Spot a Great Manager" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/How-to-Spot-a-Great-Manager-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="articles/how-to-spot-a-great-manager/">How to Spot a Great Manager</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">19 November 2024</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Cringey Habits to Kick in Your First Job" href="articles/cringey-habits-to-kick-in-your-first-job/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Cringey Habits to Kick in Your First Job" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/Cringey-Habits-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="articles/cringey-habits-to-kick-in-your-first-job/">Cringey Habits to Kick in Your First Job</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">19 November 2024</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Eight Key Skills Needed to Effectively Manage People" href="articles/eight-key-skills-needed-to-effectively-manage-people/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Eight Key Skills Needed to Effectively Manage People" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/11/Effectively-Managing-People-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="articles/eight-key-skills-needed-to-effectively-manage-people/">Eight Key Skills Needed to Effectively Manage People</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">19 November 2024</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <div id="posts-list-widget-3" class="container-wrapper widget posts-list"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Popular Articles</div></div><div class="widget-posts-list-wrapper"><div class="widget-posts-list-container media-overlay"><ul class="posts-list-items widget-posts-wrapper"> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Viewpoints: Time to Separate Engineering and Computer Science?" href="articles/viewpoints-time-to-separate-engineering-and-computer-science/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="computer science" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/12/viewpoints-1200-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="articles/viewpoints-time-to-separate-engineering-and-computer-science/">Viewpoints: Time to Separate Engineering and Computer Science?</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">22 October 2018</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science and Engineering" href="articles/the-perils-of-complacency-america-at-a-tipping-point-in-science-and-engineering/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science and Engineering" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/09/Tipping-Point-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="articles/the-perils-of-complacency-america-at-a-tipping-point-in-science-and-engineering/">The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science and Engineering</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">26 October 2020</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="The “Lesson in Leadership” That I Needed to Learn" href="articles/the-lesson-in-leadership-that-i-needed-to-learn/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="The “Lesson in Leadership” That I Needed to Learn" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/06/Leadership-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="articles/the-lesson-in-leadership-that-i-needed-to-learn/">The “Lesson in Leadership” That I Needed to Learn</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">30 June 2023</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <div id="tag_cloud-2" class="container-wrapper widget widget_tag_cloud"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Tag Cloud</div></div><div class="tagcloud"><a href="articles/tag/artificial-intelligence/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-113 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 14.4285714286pt;" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence (AI) (16 items)">Artificial Intelligence (AI)</a> <a href="articles/tag/chips/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-169 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 11.7142857143pt;" aria-label="CHIPS (10 items)">CHIPS</a> <a href="articles/tag/communications-skills/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-132 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Communications Skills (5 items)">Communications Skills</a> <a href="articles/tag/covid-19/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-110 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="COVID-19 (56 items)">COVID-19</a> <a href="articles/tag/diversity-equity-inclusion/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-142 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 15.1428571429pt;" aria-label="Diversity Equity & Inclusion (18 items)">Diversity Equity & Inclusion</a> <a href="articles/tag/energy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Energy (5 items)">Energy</a> <a href="articles/tag/h-1b/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-157 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="H-1B (5 items)">H-1B</a> <a href="articles/tag/high-skill-immigration/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-155 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 12.2857142857pt;" aria-label="High-Skill Immigration (11 items)">High-Skill Immigration</a> <a href="articles/tag/reach/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-145 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 9pt;" aria-label="IEEE REACH (6 items)">IEEE REACH</a> <a href="articles/tag/insight-podcast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-126 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 19.1428571429pt;" aria-label="InSight Podcast (35 items)">InSight Podcast</a> <a href="articles/tag/leadership/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-128 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 18.1428571429pt;" aria-label="Leadership (30 items)">Leadership</a> <a href="articles/tag/mentoring/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-152 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 12.7142857143pt;" aria-label="Mentoring (12 items)">Mentoring</a> <a href="articles/tag/networking/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-186 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 12.7142857143pt;" aria-label="Networking (12 items)">Networking</a> <a href="articles/tag/op-ed/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-163 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 11.1428571429pt;" aria-label="Op-Ed (9 items)">Op-Ed</a> <a href="articles/tag/presidents-column/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-162 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 12.2857142857pt;" aria-label="President's Column (11 items)">President's Column</a> <a href="articles/tag/salary-survey-report/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-137 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 9pt;" aria-label="Salary Survey Report (6 items)">Salary Survey Report</a> <a href="articles/tag/stem-education/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-133 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 18.4285714286pt;" aria-label="STEM Education (31 items)">STEM Education</a> <a href="articles/tag/wie/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-119 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 16pt;" aria-label="Women in Engineering (WIE) (21 items)">Women in Engineering (WIE)</a></div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-widget-area footer-boxed-widget-area"> <div class="tie-row"> <div class="tie-col-sm-8 normal-side"> <div id="text-html-widget-5" class="container-wrapper widget text-html"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">About IEEE-USA InSight</div></div><div><span style="font-size:14px; line-height:0.8em;">IEEE-USA INSIGHT is a free, online publication by IEEE-USA staff and volunteers. IEEE-USA InSight features timely, concise, informative and authoritative articles, essays and opinion pieces on the career and policy issues that are affecting the careers of U.S. IEEE members, as well as the issues shaping the modern technology professional’s workplace. <a href="about-contact/">Read more</a>.</br></br><a href="//ieeeusa.org/advertise/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">+ Advertise with Us</a></span></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <div id="text-html-widget-6" class="container-wrapper widget text-html"><div><a href="/"><img src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo-x2.png" width="225px" height="auto" class="alignright"/></a></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="site-info" class="site-info"> <div class="container"> <div class="tie-row"> <div class="tie-col-md-12"> <div class="copyright-text copyright-text-second"><a href="//ieee.org/" target="_blank"><img src="wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-logo-200.png" width="100" height="33" style="max-height:33px;height:auto;" class="alignright size-full" alt="IEEE.org" data-retina_logo_url="https://insight.ieeeusaorg.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-logo-200.png"></a><p style="text-align:left; padding-bottom:20px;"><a href="/">Home</a> | <a href="about-contact/">Contact</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/accessibility-statement.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p9-26.html">Nondiscrimination Policy</a> | <a href="//ieee-ethics-reporting.org/">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/security_privacy.html">IEEE Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/about/help/site-terms-conditions.html">Terms & Disclosures</a></p> <p style="text-align:left;">© Copyright 2024 IEEE – All rights reserved. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional<br/> organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.</p></div><ul class="social-icons"><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link facebook-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link twitter-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//twitter.com/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link linkedin-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link youtube-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-youtube"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link instagram-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-instagram"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link tiktok-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.tiktok.com/@ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-tiktok"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link rss-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="feed/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-feed"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <a id="go-to-top" class="go-to-top-button" href="#go-to-tie-body"> <span class="tie-icon-angle-up"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Back to top button</span> </a> </div> <aside class=" side-aside normal-side dark-skin dark-widgetized-area is-fullwidth appear-from-right" aria-label="Secondary Sidebar" style="visibility: hidden;"> <div data-height="100%" class="side-aside-wrapper has-custom-scroll"> <a href="#" class="close-side-aside remove big-btn"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span> </a> <div id="mobile-container"> <div id="mobile-search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s"/> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"/> </form> </div> <div id="mobile-menu"> </div> <div id="mobile-social-icons" class="social-icons-widget solid-social-icons"> <ul><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link facebook-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link twitter-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//twitter.com/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link linkedin-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link youtube-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-youtube"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link instagram-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-instagram"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link tiktok-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.tiktok.com/@ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-tiktok"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link rss-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="feed/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-feed"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if( 'loading' in HTMLImageElement.prototype) { document.querySelectorAll('[data-src]').forEach( function(img){ img.src = img.dataset.src; img.removeAttribute('data-src'); }); } </script> <link rel='preload' href="wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/helpers.min.css" as='style' onload='this.onload=null;this.rel="stylesheet"'/> <noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-helpers-css' href="wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/helpers.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/></noscript> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-helpers')</script> <link rel='preload' href="wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/fontawesome.css" as='style' onload='this.onload=null;this.rel="stylesheet"'/> <noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-fontawesome5-css' href="wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/fontawesome.css" type='text/css' media='all'/></noscript> <script>console.log('Style tie-fontawesome5')</script> <div id="autocomplete-suggestions" class="autocomplete-suggestions"></div><div id="is-scroller-outer"><div id="is-scroller"></div></div><div id="fb-root"></div> <div id="tie-popup-search-desktop" class="tie-popup tie-popup-search-wrap" style="display: none;"> <a href="#" class="tie-btn-close remove big-btn light-btn"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span> </a> <div class="popup-search-wrap-inner"> <div class="live-search-parent pop-up-live-search" data-skin="live-search-popup" aria-label="Search"> <form method="get" class="tie-popup-search-form" action="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"> <input class="tie-popup-search-input is-ajax-search" inputmode="search" type="text" name="s" title="Search for" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search the IEEE-USA InSight Website"/> <button class="tie-popup-search-submit" type="submit"> <span class="tie-icon-search tie-search-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for</span> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = "https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener){ window.addEventListener("load", tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload, false); } else if (window.attachEvent){ window.attachEvent("onload", tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload); } else{ window.onload = tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"a28afbe0ff","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0","is_checkout_autoscroll_enabled":"true"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js" id="ppress-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="tie-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tie = {"is_rtl":"","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","is_side_aside_light":"","is_taqyeem_active":"","is_sticky_video":"","mobile_menu_top":"","mobile_menu_active":"area_2","mobile_menu_parent":"true","lightbox_all":"true","lightbox_gallery":"true","lightbox_skin":"light","lightbox_thumb":"horizontal","lightbox_arrows":"true","is_singular":"1","autoload_posts":"","reading_indicator":"true","lazyload":"true","select_share":"true","select_share_twitter":"true","select_share_facebook":"true","select_share_linkedin":"true","select_share_email":"true","facebook_app_id":"5303202981","twitter_username":"ieeeusainsight","responsive_tables":"true","ad_blocker_detector":"","sticky_behavior":"default","sticky_desktop":"true","sticky_mobile":"true","sticky_mobile_behavior":"default","ajax_loader":"<div class=\"loader-overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"spinner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bounce1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bounce2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bounce3\"> <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>","type_to_search":"1","lang_no_results":"Nothing Found","sticky_share_mobile":"true","sticky_share_post":"","sticky_share_post_menu":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/scripts.min.js" id="tie-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/desktop.min.js" id="tie-js-desktop-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/live-search.js" id="tie-js-livesearch-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus-pro/scripts/fitvids.min.js" id="__ytprefsfitvids__-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/sliders.min.js" id="tie-js-sliders-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/shortcodes.js" id="tie-js-shortcodes-js"></script> <script> WebFontConfig ={ google:{ families: [ 'Poppins:regular,italic,600,700,700italic:latin', 'Roboto:800,regular:latin', 'Roboto:700,regular:latin&display=swap' ] } }; (function(){ var wf = document.createElement('script'); wf.src = '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1/webfont.js'; wf.type = 'text/javascript'; wf.defer = 'true'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(wf, s); })(); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> !function(t){"use strict";t.loadCSS||(t.loadCSS=function(){});var e=loadCSS.relpreload={};if(e.support=function(){var e;try{e=t.document.createElement("link").relList.supports("preload")}catch(t){e=!1}return function(){return e}}(),e.bindMediaToggle=function(t){var e=t.media||"all";function a(){t.addEventListener?t.removeEventListener("load",a):t.attachEvent&&t.detachEvent("onload",a),t.setAttribute("onload",null),t.media=e}t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener("load",a):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("onload",a),setTimeout(function(){t.rel="stylesheet",t.media="only x"}),setTimeout(a,3e3)},e.poly=function(){if(!e.support())for(var a=t.document.getElementsByTagName("link"),n=0;n<a.length;n++){var o=a[n];"preload"!==o.rel||"style"!==o.getAttribute("as")||o.getAttribute("data-loadcss")||(o.setAttribute("data-loadcss",!0),e.bindMediaToggle(o))}},!e.support()){e.poly();var a=t.setInterval(e.poly,500);t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener("load",function(){e.poly(),t.clearInterval(a)}):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("onload",function(){e.poly(),t.clearInterval(a)})}"undefined"!=typeof exports?exports.loadCSS=loadCSS:t.loadCSS=loadCSS}("undefined"!=typeof global?global:this); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> var c = document.body.className; c = c.replace(/tie-no-js/, 'tie-js'); document.body.className = c; </script> </body> </html>