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interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_stabilita" title="Chemická stabilita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemická stabilita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_Stabilit%C3%A4t" title="Chemische Stabilität – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemische Stabilität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiline_stabiilsus" title="Keemiline stabiilsus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiline stabiilsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estabilidad_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Estabilidad química – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estabilidad química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پایداری شیمیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پایداری شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilit%C3%A9_chimique" title="Stabilité chimique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stabilité chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilitas_kimia" title="Stabilitas kimia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stabilitas kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilit%C3%A0_(chimica)" title="Stabilità (chimica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stabilità (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kestabilan_kimia" title="Kestabilan kimia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kestabilan kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabiliteit_(scheikunde)" title="Stabiliteit (scheikunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stabiliteit (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estabilidade_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Estabilidade química – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estabilidade química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_stability" title="Chemical stability – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical stability" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سەقامگیری کیمیایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەقامگیری کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyasal_kararl%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Kimyasal kararlılık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyasal kararlılık" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Thermodynamic equilibrium of a chemical system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_stability&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <b>chemical stability</b> is the <b>thermodynamic stability</b> of a chemical system, in particular a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamic</a> stability occurs when a system is in its lowest <a href="/wiki/Energy_level" title="Energy level">energy state</a>, or in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium" title="Chemical equilibrium">chemical equilibrium</a> with its environment. This may be a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_equilibrium" title="Dynamic equilibrium">dynamic equilibrium</a> in which individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number in a particular form is <a href="/wiki/Conservation_law" title="Conservation law">conserved</a>. This type of chemical <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium" title="Thermodynamic equilibrium">thermodynamic equilibrium</a> will persist indefinitely unless the system is changed. Chemical systems might undergo changes in the <a href="/wiki/Phase_of_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase of matter">phase of matter</a> or a set of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reactions</a>. </p><p>State A is said to be more thermodynamically stable than state B if the <a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs free energy</a> of the change from A to B is positive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versus_reactivity">Versus reactivity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_stability&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Versus reactivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thermodynamic stability applies to a particular system. The <a href="/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)" title="Reactivity (chemistry)">reactivity</a> of a chemical substance is a description of how it might react across a variety of potential chemical systems and, for a given system, how fast such a reaction could proceed. </p><p>Chemical substances or states can persist indefinitely even though they are not in their lowest energy state if they experience <a href="/wiki/Metastability" title="Metastability">metastability</a> - a state which is stable only if not disturbed too much. A substance (or state) might also be termed "kinetically persistent" if it is changing relatively slowly (and thus is not at thermodynamic equilibrium, but is observed anyway). Metastable and kinetically persistent species or systems are not considered truly stable in chemistry. Therefore, the term <i>chemically stable</i> should not be used by chemists as a synonym of <i>unreactive</i> because it confuses thermodynamic and kinetic concepts. On the other hand, highly chemically unstable species tend to undergo exothermic unimolar decompositions at high rates. Thus, high chemical instability may sometimes parallel unimolar decompositions at high rates.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_chemistry">Outside chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_stability&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Outside chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In everyday language, and often in <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials science</a>, a chemical substance is said to be "stable" if it is not particularly <a href="/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)" title="Reactivity (chemistry)">reactive</a> in the environment or during normal use, and retains its useful properties on the timescale of its expected usefulness. In particular, the usefulness is retained in the presence of air, moisture or heat, and under the expected conditions of application. In this meaning, the material is said to be unstable if it can corrode, decompose, polymerize, burn or explode under the conditions of anticipated use or normal environmental conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_stability&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (February 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05900.html">"Stable"</a>. In McNaught, A. D.; Wilkinson, A.; Chalk, S. J. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_Chemical_Terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Compendium of Chemical Terminology">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a></i> (2nd Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook">10.1351/goldbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7"><bdi>978-0-9678550-9-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stable&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology&rft.edition=2nd+Online&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fgoldbook&rft.isbn=978-0-9678550-9-7&rft.au=International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoldbook.iupac.org%2FS05900.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+stability" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (February 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/U06569.html">"Stable"</a>. In McNaught, A. D.; Wilkinson, A.; Chalk, S. J. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_Chemical_Terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Compendium of Chemical Terminology">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a></i> (2nd Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook">10.1351/goldbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7"><bdi>978-0-9678550-9-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stable&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology&rft.edition=2nd+Online&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fgoldbook&rft.isbn=978-0-9678550-9-7&rft.au=International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoldbook.iupac.org%2FU06569.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+stability" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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chemistry">Equilibrium chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equilibrium_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrium stage">Equilibrium stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_free_energy" title="Thermodynamic free energy">Free energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_free_energy" title="Helmholtz free energy">Helmholtz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chatelier%27s_principle" title="Le Chatelier's principle">Le Chatelier's principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_separation" title="Phase separation">Phase separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversible_reaction" title="Reversible reaction">Reversible reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium" title="Thermodynamic equilibrium">Thermodynamic equilibrium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_model" title="Mathematical 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