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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224118861">.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar{width:20em;border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:#002868;color:#FFFFFF;border:1px double #8C959A}.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:#FFFFFF}.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar .sidebar-heading{background:#bf0a30;color:#FFFFFF;border:1px double #8C959A}.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar .sidebar-list-content{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar .sidebar-list-title{text-align:center;background:#bf0a30;color:#FFFFFF;border:1px double #8C959A}.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar .sidebar-list-title a{color:#FFFFFF}.mw-parser-output .US-politics-sidebar .mw-collapsible-text{color:#FFFFFF}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks US-politics-sidebar vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b>This article is part of a series on the</b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States"><small>Politics of the </small><br />United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/110px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/165px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/220px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_United_States_treaties" title="List of the United States treaties">Treaties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></b></li></ul> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(118th)_US_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/49px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/74px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/98px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:118th_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/54px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/82px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/108px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> (R)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Steve Scalise</a> (R)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Hakeem Jeffries</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_district" class="mw-redirect" title="United States congressional district">Congressional districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">list</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Non-voting members</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President Pro Tempore</a> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> (R)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_branch_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch of the United States">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">Federal agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Jackson</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Inferior Courts of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade"> Court of International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Alien_Terrorist_Removal_Court" title="United States Alien Terrorist Removal Court">Alien Terrorist Removal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Judicial_Panel_on_Multidistrict_Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation">Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court_of_Review" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b> National elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_midterm_election" title="United States midterm election">Midterm elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-year_election" title="Off-year election">Off-year elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Primary elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Presidential primary</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b> Elections by state and territory</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alabama" title="Elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alaska" title="Elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arizona" title="Elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arkansas" title="Elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colorado" title="Elections in Colorado"> Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Connecticut" title="Elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Delaware" title="Elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Florida" title="Elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Elections in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hawaii" title="Elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Idaho" title="Elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Illinois" title="Elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indiana" title="Elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iowa" title="Elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kansas" title="Elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kentucky" title="Elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Louisiana" title="Elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maine" title="Elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maryland" title="Elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="List of elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Michigan" title="Elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Minnesota" title="Elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mississippi" title="Elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Missouri" title="Elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Montana" title="Elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nebraska" title="Elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nevada" title="Elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="Elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Jersey" title="Elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Mexico" title="Elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Carolina" title="Elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Dakota" title="Elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ohio" title="Elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oklahoma" title="Elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oregon" title="Elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="Elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Carolina" title="Elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Dakota" title="Elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tennessee" title="Elections in Tennessee"> Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Texas" title="Elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Utah" title="Elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vermont" title="Elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Virginia" title="Elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="Elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wisconsin" title="Elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wyoming" title="Elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_American_Samoa" title="Elections in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guam" title="Elections in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Elections in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Elections in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Elections in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Elections in the District of Columbia">Elections in the District of Columbia</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_elections_in_the_United_States" title="List of elections in the United States">List of elections</a>)</b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a 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title="List of current United States governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Courts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local government</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">District of Columbia government</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">District Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Mayor of the District of Columbia">Mayor</a></li> <li><a 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portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Politics of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Politics of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">charter member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and one of <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">five permanent members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a>. </p><p>The United States boasts the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">headquarters of the United Nations</a>, which includes the usual meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, in the north east coast of the country. The United States is the largest provider of financial contributions to the United Nations, providing 27.89<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> percent of the UN assessed peacekeeping budget of $6.38 billion for fiscal year 2020 (<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> contributed 15.2 percent and 8.5 percent, respectively). The assessed peacekeeping budget is separate from voluntary contributions and the assessed regular budget.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assessed regular budget of the UN for fiscal year 2022 in $3.12 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From July 2016 to June 2017, 28.6 percent of the budget used for peacekeeping operations was provided by the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States had a pivotal role in establishing the UN. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_establishing_the_UN">Role in establishing the UN</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Role in establishing the UN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration#Founding_the_United_Nations" title="Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration § Founding the United Nations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Four_Policemen" title="Four Policemen">Four Policemen</a></div><p>The UN is an outgrowth of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a>. It appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> on January 1, 1942, in which 26 nations pledged to continue fighting the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>. </p><p>Their main inspiration was the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>; however, their goals were to rectify the League's imperfections<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to create an organization that would be “the primary vehicle for maintaining peace and stability.”<sup id="cite_ref-Jerry_Pubantz_2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerry_Pubantz_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt's main role was to convince the different allies, especially <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, to join the new organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerry_Pubantz_2006_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerry_Pubantz_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The negotiations mainly took place during the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a>, where the three world leaders tried to reach a consensus concerning the United Nations' structure, purposes and principles.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> “Roosevelt saw the United Nations as the crowning achievement of his political career.”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt's envoy <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> played a key role in promoting the idea of the United States joining the new organization, publishing <a href="/wiki/One_World_(Willkie_book)" title="One World (Willkie book)"><i>One World</i></a> in April 1943. In September 1943, 81 percent of Americans - up from 63 percent in February - supported joining a "union of nations" after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">United Nations Conference on International Organization</a>. They deliberated on proposals that had been drafted by representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> between August and October 1944. Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin reviewed the Dumbarton Oaks proposal during the Yalta Conference in February 1945. The purpose of the conference was to discuss post-war settlements<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to reach a final agreement concerning “the UN’s structure and membership and set the date of the San Francisco organizing conference.”<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world leaders eventually agreed on Roosevelt's proposal to give certain members a veto power<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so “that the Organization could take no important action without their joint consent.”<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the veto power question created a lot of disagreement among the different signatories,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its inclusion in the charter was never a matter of negotiation for Roosevelt and his allies.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, during the Yalta conference, Stalin agreed to make the USSR a member of the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An important American contribution, prior to the formation of the United Nations, was made at the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a>. This conference took place in 1944 and its goal was “to create a new international monetary and trade regime that was stable and predictable.”<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over subsequent decades, this new system opened world markets and promoted a liberal economy. It was implemented through different institutions, such as the World Bank and the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, which went on to work with the United Nations but remained independent from it.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 28, 1945, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> (as part of the <a href="/wiki/79th_United_States_Congress" title="79th United States Congress">79th United States Congress</a>) ratified the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a> by a vote of <span class="nowrap">89–2</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (By comparison, the Senate had voted <span class="nowrap">49–35</span> in favor of joining the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, short of the required two-thirds majority for ratification.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, when all of the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Five" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Five">Permanent Five</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>) as well as a majority of other signatories had ratified the Charter. </p><p>The United Nations was the first <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international governmental organization</a> to receive significant support from the United States. Its forerunner, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, had been championed by <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> to prevent future conflicts. While it was supported by most <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">nations of Europe</a>, it was never ratified by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> due to the inability to reach a compromise regarding the <a href="/wiki/Lodge_Reservations" title="Lodge Reservations">Lodge Reservations</a> or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitchcock_Reservations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitchcock Reservations (page does not exist)">Hitchcock Reservations</a>. </p><p>Shortly after the establishment of the United Nations, the United States came into conflict with another member of the Security Council. Since the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="Soviet Union and the United Nations">member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, it had the power to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">veto</a> any binding UN resolution. In fact, Soviet <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)">foreign minister</a> and UN <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a> <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> used veto power twice as often as any other permanent member, earning him the title "Mr. Veto". </p><p>Relations between the United States and the Soviet Union (later Russia) within the UN have evolved in step with the larger geopolitical situation between the two powers. While the Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council and <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China's seat</a> was represented by U.S.-friendly <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (instead of the <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> which would replace the ROC in the UN in 1971), the U.S. and UN jointly condemned the invasion of South Korea by North Korean troops, leading to the UN sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. Later, the U.S. persuaded all permanent members of the Security Council to authorize force against <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> after it <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">invaded</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> in 1991. This was a major step toward U.S. and Russian reconciliation after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_of_conflict">Sources of conflict</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources of conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1991, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> has been the world's dominant military, economic, social, and political power (not to mention hosting the UN Headquarters itself in New York City); the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> was not designed for such a unipolar world with a single <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">superpower</a>, and conflicts between an ascendant U.S. and other UN members have increased.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This paragraph needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">This paragraph needs citation(s)</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Conflict between the U.S. and the UN predates the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. In 1971, the UN adopted <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">Resolution 2758</a>—which affected the admission of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> and the removal of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a>—despite objections by the U.S. government (see <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a>). The U.S. government changed its own China policy shortly afterward, however, so the conflict between the UN and US foreign policy was short-lived.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This paragraph needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">This paragraph needs citation(s)</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The U.S. government's repeated opposition to Arab military actions has created much more tension between the U.S. government and the United Nations. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379">Resolution 3379</a> (determining that <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> and racial discrimination) of 1975 was strongly opposed by U.S. officials. In 1991, the General Assembly adopted <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379#Revocation" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379">Resolution 4686</a>, which effectively negated Resolution 3379. Use of its veto power to prevent the Security Council from issuing resolutions condemning Israeli military action has frequently divided the U.S. from the Soviet Union, China and France in the Security Council; since 1989, the U.S. government has dissented against Security Council resolutions on 12 occasions out of 17 total instances when a permanent member vetoed. Of these 12 occasions, only two related to issues other than the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In 2009, the U.S. government abstained from <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1860" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1860">Security Council Resolution 1860</a>, which called for a halt to Israel's military response to Hamas rocket attacks, and the opening of the border crossings into the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This paragraph needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">This paragraph needs citation(s)</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan administration</a>, the U.S. withdrew from <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, and withheld its dues to encourage the UN to repeal <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379">Resolution 3379</a>, which it did in 1991. The U.S. was—and continues to be—the member state levied most heavily by the UN, so U.S. policymakers expected this strategy to be an effective way to oppose Soviet and Arab influence over the UN. When the UN repealed Resolution 3379, the U.S. resumed dues payments, but not before the U.S. had accumulated significant and controversial arrears.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This paragraph needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">This paragraph needs citation(s)</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polls have repeatedly gauged public opinion in the U.S. regarding the UN. In the 1950s and 1960s more supportive attitudes were found among the college-educated, more prosperous, and the politically better informed. Distrust was more common among other groups.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gregory G. Holyk, "Approval of UN performance dropped to an all-time low between 2003 and 2007, after the contentious debate over the use of force against Iraq. Nonetheless, support for the UN has remained strong because the U.S. public differentiates between criticism of UN performance and support for the general purpose and aims of the UN."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrears">Arrears <span class="anchor" id="Arrearage"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arrears"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UN has always had problems with <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_arrears" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations arrears">members refusing to pay</a> the assessment levied upon them under the United Nations Charter, but the most significant refusal in recent times has been that of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After prolonged negotiations, the U.S. and the UN negotiated an agreement whereby the United States would pay a large part of the money it owes, and in exchange the UN would reduce the assessment rate ceiling from 25% to 22%. The reduction in the assessment rate ceiling was among the reforms contained in the United Nations Reform Act of 1999 or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helms-Biden_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helms-Biden Act (page does not exist)">Helms-Biden Act</a>, which links payment of $926 million in U.S. arrears to the UN and other international organizations to a series of reform benchmarks.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the U.S. arrears to the UN totaling over $1.3 billion, $612 million was payable under Helms-Biden. The remaining $700 million resulted from various legislative and policy withholdings. </p><p>Under Helms-Biden, the U.S. paid $100 million in arrears to the UN in December 1999; release of the next $582 million awaited a legislative revision to Helms-Biden, necessary because the benchmark requiring a 25 percent peacekeeping assessment rate ceiling was not quite achieved. The U.S. also sought elimination of the legislated 25 percent cap on U.S. peacekeeping payments in effect since 1995, which continued to generate additional UN arrears. Of the final $244 million under Helms-Biden, $30 million was payable to the UN and $214 million to other international organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2001, Congress authorized the second Helms-Biden payment, but because of an eight-month delay in appropriations, the U.N. chose not to re-elect the United States to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, on 6 October 2001, Bush signed the second Helms-Biden appropriation into law and in March 2002, the U.S. was voted back onto the commission. In October 2002, Congress lifted the 25% cap on peacekeeping assessments and in November 2002, the U.S. made the final Helms-Biden appropriation.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>U.S. debt to the United Nations, from 1995 to 2005</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Regular budget </th> <th>Peacekeeping </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 1995 </td> <td>$414 million (73%) </td> <td>$816 million (47%) </td> <td>$1.231 billion (56%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 1996 </td> <td>$376 million (74%) </td> <td>$926 million (57%) </td> <td>$1.303 billion (61%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 1997 </td> <td>$373 million (79%) </td> <td>$940 million (60%) </td> <td>$1.313 billion (64%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 1998 </td> <td>$316 million (76%) </td> <td>$976 million (61%) </td> <td>$1.294 billion (64%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 1999 </td> <td>$167 million (68%) </td> <td>$995 million (67%) </td> <td>$1.170 billion (67%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2000 </td> <td>$165 million (74%) </td> <td>$1.144 billion (56%) </td> <td>$1.321 billion (58%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2001 </td> <td>$165 million (69%) </td> <td>$691 million (38%) </td> <td>$871 million (41%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2002 </td> <td>$190 million (62%) </td> <td>$536 million (40%) </td> <td>$738 million (44%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2003 </td> <td>$268 million (61%) </td> <td>$482 million (45%) </td> <td>$762 million (48%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2004 </td> <td>$241 million (68%) </td> <td>$722 million (28%) </td> <td>$975 million (33%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 September 2005 </td> <td>$607 million (82%) </td> <td>$607 million (28%) </td> <td>$1.246 billion (41%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Iraq_War,_Saddam_Hussein,_and_WMDs"><span id="The_Iraq_War.2C_Saddam_Hussein.2C_and_WMDs"></span>The Iraq War, Saddam Hussein, and WMDs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Iraq War, Saddam Hussein, and WMDs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush_2002_UNGA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bush_2002_UNGA.jpg/250px-Bush_2002_UNGA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bush_2002_UNGA.jpg/375px-Bush_2002_UNGA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bush_2002_UNGA.jpg/500px-Bush_2002_UNGA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>George W. Bush addressed the General Assembly on September 12, 2002 on Iraq prior to the passage of Resolution 1441.</figcaption></figure> <p>Further conflict between the U.S. and some UN members arose in 2002 and 2003 over the issue of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> maintained that Iraqi President <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> had not fulfilled the obligations he had entered into at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991, namely to rid Iraq of all <a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapon of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> (WMDs) and to renounce their further use. A series of inspections by the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a> failed to find conclusive evidence that proved allegations that Iraq was continuing to develop or harbour such weapons. The findings were conveyed by the leading weapons inspector, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Blix" title="Hans Blix">Hans Blix</a>, who noted Iraq's failure to cooperate with the inspections on several counts.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. replied by saying that the responsibility of proof of disarmament was upon Iraq, not on the UN or the U.S.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In November 2002, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> adopted <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1441" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441">Resolution 1441</a>, giving Iraq an ultimatum to co-operate in disarmament within an unstated timeframe of a few months. However, in March 2003, the U.S., supported by fifty countries (including the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>) which the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing" title="Coalition of the willing">coalition of the willing</a>" <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">launched military operations against Iraq</a>. On April 9, Saddam Hussein's regime was overthrown and Iraq was placed under occupation, marked by the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">fall of Baghdad</a>. The U.S. argued that this action was authorized by Resolution 1441, since Iraq had failed to comply by co-operating fully in the identification and destruction of its weapons programs, and since Resolution 1441 promised 'serious consequences' for lack of full compliance and achievement of its objective.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other countries, led by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, maintained that Resolution 1441 did not authorize the use of force without passage of a further Resolution. <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> stated "My position is that, whatever the circumstances, France will vote 'no' because this evening it considers that it is not necessary to make war to achieve the stated goal of the disarmament of Iraq".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rightly or wrongly the "this evening" qualification was ignored, perhaps because the implications of its English translation are ambiguous. The statement was widely interpreted in the English-speaking world as meaning that France would exercise its right as a Permanent Member of the Security Council to veto any resolution at any time ("whatever the circumstances") to use force against Iraq.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following the overthrow of the former Iraqi government, the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Survey_Group" title="Iraq Survey Group">Iraq Survey Group</a> led an exhaustive search of Iraq for WMD. Ultimately, while over 500 "degraded" chemical warheads were found,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no deployable WMD of any kind were found and all WMD production facilities had been found to be inactive since 1991.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reform_of_the_United_Nations">Reform of the United Nations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reform of the United Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> has shown particular concern with reforms related to UN effectiveness and efficiency. In November 2004, the bill H.R. 4818 mandated the creation of a bipartisan Task Force to report to Congress on how to make the UN more effective in realizing the goals of its Charter. The Task Force came into being in January 2005, co-chaired by former <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Majority Leader</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>. In June 2005, the task force released "American Interests and UN Reform: Report of the Task Force on the United Nations,"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with numerous recommendations on how to improve the UN.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On June 17, 2005, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Reform_Act_of_2005" title="United Nations Reform Act of 2005">United Nations Reform Act of 2005</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to slash funds to the UN in half by 2008 if it does not meet certain criteria. This reflects years of complaints about anti-American and anti-Israeli bias in the UN, particularly the exclusion of Israel from many decision-making organizations. The U.S. is estimated to contribute about 27.89%<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the UN's yearly budget due to the UN's ability-to-pay scale, making this bill potentially devastating to the United Nations. The <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a> administration and several former U.S. ambassadors to the UN have warned that this may only strengthen anti-American sentiment around the world and serve to hurt current UN reform movements. The bill passed the House in June 2005, and a parallel bill was introduced in the Senate by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_H._Smith" title="Gordon H. Smith">Gordon H. Smith</a> on July 13, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a number of leading Senate Republicans objected to the requirement that the U.S. contributions be halved if the UN failed to meet all of the criteria. The UN Management, Personnel, and Policy Reform Act of 2005 (S. 1394), introduced on July 12, 2005 into the Senate by Sen. <a href="/wiki/Norm_Coleman" title="Norm Coleman">Norm Coleman</a> [R-MN] and Sen. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a> [R-IN], called for similar reforms but left the withholding of dues to the discretion of the President.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither piece of legislation made it into law.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visa_refusal_controversy">Visa refusal controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Visa refusal controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2007, the U.S. government refused to give an entry visa to the foreign minister of the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> independent Republic of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> (<i>de jure</i> part of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shamba" title="Sergei Shamba">Sergei Shamba</a> who was due to speak at the UN headquarters in New York City. The incident caused an international dispute as <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Russia_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations">Russian Permanent Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Churkin" title="Vitaly Churkin">Vitaly Churkin</a> accused the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of not letting one side of the conflict speak before UN. Security Council president, British Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Emyr_Jones_Parry" title="Emyr Jones Parry">Emyr Jones Parry</a>, backed the Russian demand for Shamba's visa.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the U.S. Ambassador, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Daniel_Wolff" title="Alejandro Daniel Wolff">Alejandro Daniel Wolff</a>, accused the Russian side of “a mischievous effort” to raise “false analogies” between Abkhazia and Kosovo, thus “complicating the discussion.”<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. stated that such airport to UNHQ visa access was not guaranteed to countries seeking international recognition; <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> president <a href="/wiki/Fatmir_Sejdiu" title="Fatmir Sejdiu">Fatmir Sejdiu</a> had been given a visa.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sergei Shamba himself described the situation as "dual standards".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future">Future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Secretary_General_Guterres_in_New_York_City_(33294934318).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Secretary_General_Guterres_in_New_York_City_%2833294934318%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Secretary_General_Guterres_in_New_York_City_%2833294934318%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Secretary_General_Guterres_in_New_York_City_%2833294934318%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Secretary_General_Guterres_in_New_York_City_%2833294934318%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Secretary_General_Guterres_in_New_York_City_%2833294934318%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Secretary_General_Guterres_in_New_York_City_%2833294934318%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="2101" /></a><figcaption>US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> (left) with UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> (right) in 2019</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States withdrawal from the United Nations">United States withdrawal from the United Nations</a></div> <p>In the US, complaints about the UN surface regularly in the domestic mainstream media. Some critics who oppose international constraints on US foreign policy contend that the US should withdraw from the UN, claiming that the United States is better equipped to manage the global order unilaterally.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More frequently, critics argue that the UN should be reformed to bring it more in line with US policy and leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite criticisms, the majority of Americans (88%) support active engagement in the United Nations, as evidenced by a non-partisan poll conducted after the 2016 election.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most agree that the UN could be improved, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy, proposes that measures such as the US relinquishing its veto power in the Security Council and submitting to the rulings of the International Court of Justice could significantly improve the UN's ability to foster the growth of democracy and promote global peace and the protection of human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some American organizations and individuals, such as the <a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_LaPierre" title="Wayne LaPierre">Wayne LaPierre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a>, oppose the United Nations on the basis of its perceived failures or alleged interference with domestic affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LaPierre wrote the book "The Global War on Your Guns," in which he alerts the U.S. to the supposed threat of the <a href="/wiki/Arms_Trade_Treaty" title="Arms Trade Treaty">Arms Trade Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the United States Government released its <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdf">National Security Strategy.pdf</a> for 2010 in May 2010, this quote was found embedded on the 46th page in regards to the United Nations: </p><p><i><b>Enhance Cooperation with and Strengthen the United Nations:</b> We are enhancing our coordination with the U.N. and its agencies. We need a U.N. capable of fulfilling its founding purpose—maintaining international peace and security, promoting global cooperation, and advancing human rights. To this end, we are paying our bills. We are intensifying efforts with partners on and outside the U.N. Security Council to ensure timely, robust, and credible Council action to address threats to peace and security. We favor Security Council reform that enhances the U.N.’s overall performance, credibility, and legitimacy. Across the broader U.N. system we support reforms that promote effective and efficient leadership and management of the U.N.’s international civil service, and we are working with U.N. personnel and member states to strengthen the U.N.’s leadership and operational capacity in peacekeeping, humanitarian relief, post-disaster recovery, development assistance, and the promotion of human's rights. And we are supporting new U.N. frameworks and capacities for combating transnational threats like proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, infectious disease, drug-trafficking, and counter terrorism.</i> </p><p>On January 3, 2017, a bill entitled the American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2017 (ASRA) was introduced in the House to withdraw the US from the U.N.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This bill was nearly identical to the first such bill, the ASRA of 1997, introduced by <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, a version of the ASRA has been introduced in every congressional session.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To date, each such attempt has been met with minimal congressional support and died in committee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/how-we-are-funded">"United Nations Peacekeeping: How we are funded"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Peacekeeping%3A+How+we+are+funded&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeacekeeping.un.org%2Fen%2Fhow-we-are-funded&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+and+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+Georgia&rft.atitle=UN+Security+Council+Discusses+Abkhazia+amid+U.S.-Russian+Exchange&rft.date=2007-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civil.ge%2Feng%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D14935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+and+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6519565.stm">UN debates Kosovo's independence, BBC, 3 April 2007, 23:30 GMT</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.community-dpr.org/news/world/news_full.php?nid=913&">Министр иностранных дел Сергей Шамба расценивает нежелание СБ ООН заслушать абхазскую сторону как «необъективное отношение к одной из сторон в конфликте» Сообщество "За демократию и права народов"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/10/AR2007041002033.html">Georgian Separatist Spurned by U.S</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> By ALEXANDRA OLSON The Associated Press Tuesday, April 10, 2007; 11:23 PM</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holcberg, D. 12 May 2001. The United States Should Withdraw From the United Nations. <i>Capitalism Magazine</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisman, S. 2 August 2005. Bush's U.N. 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New York, New York, United States: Holt Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805079128" title="Special:BookSources/9780805079128"><bdi>9780805079128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Failed+States%3A+The+Abuse+of+Power+and+the+Assault+on+Democracy&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York%2C+United+States&rft.pub=Holt+Paperbacks&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780805079128&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+and+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jbs.org/un/">"Get US Out! of the UN"</a>. <i>jbs.org</i>. John Birch Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602014428/https://jbs.org/un/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jbs.org&rft.atitle=Get+US+Out%21+of+the+UN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjbs.org%2Fun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+and+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_F._McManus2022" class="citation web cs1">John F. McManus (April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jbs.org/bulletin/2204/2204-get-us-out-of-the-united-nations/">"Get US Out! of the United Nations NATO, UN at the Center of Unconstitutional Wars"</a>. <i>jbs.org</i>. John Birch Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011105807/https://jbs.org/bulletin/2204/2204-get-us-out-of-the-united-nations/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jbs.org&rft.atitle=Get+US+Out%21+of+the+United+Nations+NATO%2C+UN+at+the+Center+of+Unconstitutional+Wars&rft.date=2022-04&rft.au=John+F.+McManus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjbs.org%2Fbulletin%2F2204%2F2204-get-us-out-of-the-united-nations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+and+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne_LaPierre2006" class="citation book cs1">Wayne LaPierre (18 April 2006). <i>The Global War on Your Guns - Inside the UN Plan To Destroy the Bill of Rights</i>. Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.: Thomas Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781595550415" title="Special:BookSources/9781595550415"><bdi>9781595550415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+War+on+Your+Guns+-+Inside+the+UN+Plan+To+Destroy+the+Bill+of+Rights&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee%2C+U.S.A.&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2006-04-18&rft.isbn=9781595550415&rft.au=Wayne+LaPierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+and+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/193">[3]</a> January 3, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/house-bill/1146">[4]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/106th-congress/house-bill/1146">[5]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1146">[6]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-bill/1146">[7]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/house-bill/1146">[8]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/1146">[9]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1146">[10]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/1146">[11]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/75">[12]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1205">[13]</a> American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2015</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations#Further_reading" title="History of the United Nations">History of the United Nations § Further reading</a></div> <ul><li>Barnes, Robert. <i>The US, the UN and the Korean War: Communism in the Far East and the American Struggle for Hegemony in the Cold War</i> (Bloomsbury, 2014).</li> <li>Congressional Quarterly. <i>Congress and the Nation; a review of government and politics in the postwar years: 1945–1984</i> (1965) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/congressnation45-64cong/mode/1up">online</a></li> <li>Getchell, Michelle. "The United Nations and the United States." in <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History</i> (2017).</li> <li>Hero Jr, Alfred O. "The American public and the UN, 1954-19661." <i>Journal of Conflict Resolution</i> 10.4 (1966): 436-475, based on public opinion polls. <ul><li>Hero, Alfred O. "The United States Public and the United Nations." <i>Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science</i> 32.4 (1977): 17-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1173988">online</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hoopes, Townsend, and Douglas Brinkley. <i>FDR and the Creation of the UN</i> (Yale UP, 1997).</li> <li>Jayaraj, C. "Why the US is hostile towards the UN system." <i>Social Scientist</i> (1984): 53-63 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516948">online</a>.</li> <li>Karns, Margaret P., et al. "The past as prologue: The United States and the future of the UN system." in <i>The United Nations System: The Policies of Member States</i> (Tokyo, United Nations University (1995): 410-460) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gEJKSHdgSewC&pg=PA410">online</a>.</li> <li>Luard, Evan. <i>A History of the United Nations: Volume 1: The Years of Western Domination, 1945-1955</i> (Springer, 1982).</li> <li>Moore Jr, John Allphin, and Jerry Pubantz. <i>American Presidents and the United Nations: Internationalism in the Balance</i> (Routledge, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08XQVHDKX/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Mower, A. Glenn. <i>The United States, the United Nations, and human rights: the Eleanor Roosevelt and Jimmy Carter eras</i> (1979) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesunit0000mowe">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Nurullayev, Dmitriy, and Mihaela Papa. "Bloc Politics at the UN: How Other States Behave When the United States and China–Russia Disagree." <i>Global Studies Quarterly</i> 3.3 (2023): ksad034. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/isagsq/article/3/3/ksad034/7223049?login=false">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Plesch, Dan. <i>America, Hitler and the UN: How the Allies Won World War II and Forged a Peace.</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010); the wartime alliance called the "United Nations"</li> <li>Rusell, Ruth B. <i>A History of the United Nations Charter: The Role of the United States, 1940-1945</i> (Brookings Institution, 1958.)</li> <li>Saad, Lydia. "Americans Remain Critical of the United Nations: Nevertheless, Most Want the Organization to Have a Meaningful Function," <i>Gallup Poll News Service, 13 March 2009</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/116812/AmericansRemain-Critical-United-Nations.aspx">online</a></li> <li>Schlesinger, Stephen C. <i>Act of creation: The founding of the United Nations: A story of superpowers, secret agents, wartime allies and enemies, and their quest for a peaceful world.</i> (Westview Press, 2003).</li> <li>Torelli, Angela. "The costs of realism: the Nixon administration, the people’s republic of China, and the United Nations." <i>Journal of American-East Asian Relations</i> 19.2 (2012): 157-182.</li> <li>Weiss, Thomas G. "Toward a Third Generation of International Institutions: Obama's UN Policy," <i>Washington Quarterly</i> 32#3 (2009): 141-162.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_and_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Foreign 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Angola–United States relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cameroon–United States relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Central African Republic–United States relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Chad–United States relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–United States relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–United States relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Gabon–United States relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Burundi–United States relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Comoros–United States relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Djibouti–United States relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Eritrea–United States relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ethiopia–United States relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kenya–United States relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Madagascar–United States relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Malawi–United States relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mauritius–United States relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mozambique–United States relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Rwanda–United States relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Seychelles–United States relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Somalia–United States relations">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Somaliland–United States relations">Somaliland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Sudan–United States relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tanzania–United States relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Uganda–United States relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="United States–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="United States–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Algeria–United States relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Egypt–United States relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Libya–United States relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Morocco–United States relations">Morocco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–United States relations">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sudan–United States relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tunisia–United States relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Botswana–United States relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Eswatini–United States relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Lesotho–United States relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Namibia–United States relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Africa–United States relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Benin–United States relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Burkina Faso–United States relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cape Verde–United States relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ivory Coast–United States relations">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="The Gambia–United States relations">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ghana–United States relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guinea–United States relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guinea-Bissau–United States relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Liberia–United States relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mali–United States relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mauritania–United States relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Niger–United States relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nigeria–United States relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Senegal–United States relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sierra Leone–United States relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Togo–United States relations">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–United States relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–United States relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Barbados–United States relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Dominica–United States relations">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Dominican Republic–United States relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grenada–United States relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Haiti–United States relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Jamaica–United States relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis–United States relations">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saint Lucia–United States relations">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United States relations">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–United States relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belize–United States relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Costa Rica–United States relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="El Salvador–United States relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guatemala–United States relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Honduras–United States relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mexico–United States relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nicaragua–United States relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Panama–United States relations">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_trade_relations" title="Canada–United States trade relations">trade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Argentina–United States relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bolivia–United States relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Brazil–United States relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Chile–United States relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Colombia–United States relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ecuador–United States relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guyana–United States relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Paraguay–United States relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Peru–United States relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Suriname–United States relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="United States–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United States–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kazakhstan–United States relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–United States relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tajikistan–United States relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkmenistan–United States relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="United States–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hong Kong–United States relations">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Macau–United States relations">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Japan–United States relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mongolia–United States relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Korea–United States relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Afghanistan–United States relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bangladesh–United States relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bhutan–United States relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Maldives–United States relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nepal–United States relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Pakistan–United States military relations">military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sri Lanka–United States relations">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Brunei–United States relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cambodia–United States relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="East Timor–United States relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Indonesia–United States relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Laos–United States relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Malaysia–United States relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Myanmar–United States relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Philippines–United States relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Singapore–United States relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Thailand–United States relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="United States–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Armenia–United States relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Azerbaijan–United States relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bahrain–United States relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Georgia–United States relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iraq–United States relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Israel–United States military relations">military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Jordan–United States relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kuwait–United States relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Lebanon–United States relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Oman–United States relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Palestine–United States relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Qatar–United States relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United States relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Syria–United States relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkey–United States relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Arab Emirates–United States relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="United States–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belarus–United States relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bulgaria–United States relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Czech Republic–United States relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hungary–United States relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Moldova–United States relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Transnistria–United States relations">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Poland–United States relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Romania–United States relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Slovakia–United States relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Denmark–United States relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Estonia–United States relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Finland–United States relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iceland–United States relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ireland–United States relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latvia–United States relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Lithuania–United States relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Norway–United States relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sweden–United States relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bermuda–United States relations">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cayman Islands–United States relations">Cayman Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Albania–United States relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Andorra–United States relations">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Croatia–United States relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cyprus–United States relations">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Northern Cyprus–United States relations">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Greece–United States relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Holy See–United States relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Italy–United States relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kosovo–United States relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Malta–United States relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Montenegro–United States relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Macedonia–United States relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Portugal–United States relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="San Marino–United States relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Serbia–United States relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Slovenia–United States relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Spain–United States relations">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Austria–United States relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belgium–United States relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="France–United States relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Germany–United States relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Liechtenstein–United States relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Luxembourg–United States relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Monaco–United States relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Netherlands–United States relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Switzerland–United States relations">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Australasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Australia–United States relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="New Zealand–United States relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Melanesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Fiji–United States relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–United States relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Solomon Islands–United States relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="United States–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Micronesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kiribati–United States relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Marshall Islands–United States relations">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Federated States of Micronesia–United States relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nauru–United States relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Palau–United States relations">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Polynesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cook Islands–United States relations">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Samoa–United States relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tonga–United States relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tuvalu–United States relations">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artsakh%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Artsakh–United States relations">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Baden–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Bavaria–United States relations">Kingdom of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg–United States relations">Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Federal Republic of Central America–United States relations">Federal Republic of Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Republic_of_Central_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Greater Republic of Central America–United States relations">Greater Republic of Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Congo Free State–United States relations">Congo Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Czechoslovakia–United States relations">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="East Germany–United States relations">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Republic of Genoa–United States relations">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="German Empire–United States relations">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Hanover–United States relations">Kingdom of Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_Republics%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hanseatic Republics–United States relations">Hanseatic Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hawaiian Kingdom–United States relations">Hawaiian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin–United States relations">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz–United States relations">Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Duchy of Nassau–United States relations">Duchy of Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North German Confederation–United States relations">North German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Orange Free State–United States relations">Orange Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ottoman Empire–United States relations">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Papal States–United States relations">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Duchy of Parma–United States relations">Duchy of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Prussia–United States relations">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russian Empire–United States relations">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ryukyu Kingdom–United States relations">Ryukyu Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Sardinia–United States relations">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Schaumburg-Lippe%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe–United States relations">Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Republic of Texas–United States relations">Republic of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies–United States relations">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Württemberg–United States relations">Kingdom of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United States–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Africa–United States relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93American_relations" title="Arab–American relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Asia–United States relations">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="East Asia–United States relations">East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C5%2B1" title="C5+1">C5+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Border_Initiative" title="Third Border Initiative">Third Border Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_organization_membership_of_the_United_States" title="International organization membership of the United States">International organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Doctrines,_policies,_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Doctrines, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">policies</a>, concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_doctrines" title="United States presidential doctrines">Presidential<br />doctrines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary" title="Roosevelt Corollary">Roosevelt Corollary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy" title="Good Neighbor policy">Good Neighbor policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Doctrine" title="Clinton Doctrine">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other doctrines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lodge_Corollary" title="Lodge Corollary">Lodge Corollary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimson_Doctrine" title="Stimson Doctrine">Stimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkpatrick_Doctrine" title="Kirkpatrick Doctrine">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinberger_Doctrine" title="Weinberger Doctrine">Weinberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Doctrine" title="Powell Doctrine">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumsfeld_Doctrine" title="Rumsfeld Doctrine">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfowitz_Doctrine" title="Wolfowitz Doctrine">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies and<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(intelligence)" title="Blowback (intelligence)">Blowback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_toward_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="United States foreign policy toward the People's Republic of China">China policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_aid" title="United States foreign aid">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">Middle East policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_realism" title="Progressive realism">Progressive realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Relations_of_the_United_Nations_with_its_member_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Nations%27_relations_with_its_Member_States" title="Template:United Nations' relations with its Member States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Nations%27_relations_with_its_Member_States" title="Template talk:United Nations' relations with its Member States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Nations%27_relations_with_its_Member_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Nations' relations with its Member States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Relations_of_the_United_Nations_with_its_member_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Relations of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">member states</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Ethiopia and the United Nations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_and_the_United_Nations" title="The Gambia and the United Nations">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_and_the_United_Nations" title="Nigeria and the United Nations">Nigeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_and_the_United_Nations" title="Brazil and the United Nations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_United_Nations" title="Canada and the United Nations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica_and_the_United_Nations" title="Costa Rica and the United Nations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_and_the_United_Nations" title="Mexico and the United Nations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru_and_the_United_Nations" title="Peru and the United Nations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_United_Nations" title="Trinidad and Tobago and the United Nations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Afghanistan and the United Nations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_and_the_United_Nations" title="Bangladesh and the United Nations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_United_Nations" title="India and the United Nations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Indonesia and the United Nations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_the_United_Nations" title="Iraq and the United Nations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" title="Israel and the United Nations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Japan and the United Nations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Kazakhstan and the United Nations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_and_the_United_Nations" title="Korea and the United Nations">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_and_the_United_Nations" title="Lebanon and the United Nations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Malaysia and the United Nations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Pakistan and the United Nations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_United_Nations" title="Philippines and the United Nations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Russia and the United Nations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_and_the_United_Nations" title="Singapore and the United Nations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_and_the_United_Nations" title="Turkey and the United Nations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_and_the_United_Nations" title="Albania and the United Nations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Armenia and the United Nations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Azerbaijan and the United Nations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Belarus_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Belarus to the United Nations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_and_the_United_Nations" title="France and the United Nations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany_and_the_United_Nations" title="Germany and the United Nations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_and_the_United_Nations" title="Holy See and the United Nations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Kazakhstan and the United Nations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_and_the_United_Nations" title="Liechtenstein and the United Nations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_and_the_United_Nations" title="Luxembourg and the United Nations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_and_the_United_Nations" title="Poland and the United Nations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_and_the_United_Nations" title="Romania and the United Nations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Russia and the United Nations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Serbia and the United Nations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_and_the_United_Nations" title="Spain and the United Nations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_and_the_United_Nations" title="Sweden and the United Nations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_and_the_United_Nations" title="Turkey and the United Nations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Ukraine and the United Nations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_United_Nations" title="United Kingdom and the United Nations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Australia and the United Nations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_and_the_United_Nations" title="Fiji and the United Nations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_and_the_United_Nations" title="Marshall Islands and the United Nations">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Federated States of Micronesia and the United Nations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_and_the_United_Nations" title="New Zealand and the United Nations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu_and_the_United_Nations" title="Tuvalu and the United Nations">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu_and_the_United_Nations" title="Vanuatu and the United Nations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Former_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Former members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations#Republic_of_China_in_the_United_Nations_(1945–1971)" title="China and the United 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