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class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 植物与十二生肖：植物里的“牛”！ <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 2855 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-22 12:40</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=3319332&do=blog&classid=172727&view=me">辨识植物</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=3319332&catid=7">科普集锦</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px;">很多植物因其某个器官和常见的动物或动物器官有关系，故得名和动物有关的名字，如牛膝、牛膝菊、牵牛、牛皮消等。<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: "times new roman"; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #F8F9F4;">牛在中国几千年的农耕时代中扮演了重要角色。“牛耕”始于春秋战国时期，商鞅为重视农业，甚至规定了“盗马者死，盗牛者加”。唐代诗人元稹在《生春》诗中描述“鞭牛县门外，争土盖春蚕”，这说明“牛耕”是古代送冬寒、迎新春风俗的重要组成部分。</span>本文介绍了几种最常见的和牛有关的植物（植物描述参考中国植物志）。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=2d314d97e92b3aabbe7647aa17d7887f_162037gr50jwkgilkl3iq5.jpg&id=1366208" title="" alt="2d314d97e92b3aabbe7647aa17d7887f_162037gr50jwkgilkl3iq5.jpg"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: "PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牛膝</span></strong><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">是苋科牛膝属多年生草本植物，因<strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">其节间膨大，形似牛膝</strong>而得名，该名字最早可在《神农本草经》中找到，也可在陶弘景关于“其茎有节，似牛膝，故以为名”的描述中得到解释。宋代黄庭坚有“雨如覆盆来，平地没牛膝；回望无夷陵，天南星斗湿”。</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牛膝的植物学特征如下：叶片椭圆形或椭圆披针形，顶端尾尖，两面有贴生或开展柔毛。花序为穗状花序，顶生及腋生，花多数，密生；苞片宽卵形，顶端长渐尖；小苞片刺状，顶端弯曲，基部两侧各有</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">卵形膜质小裂片；花被片披针形，顶端急尖。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/22/123333z1913rsjqnaroqf9.jpg" title="" alt="牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata (2).jpg"/></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牛膝的根圆柱形，土黄色，可入药，《神农本草经》中有“主寒湿痿痹，四肢拘挛，膝痛不可屈伸，逐血气，伤热火烂，堕胎；久服轻身耐老”的描述。中国植物志有“生用具有活血通经等功效，可用于产后腹痛、月经不调、闭经、虚火牙痛、脚气水肿；熟用具有补肝肾和强腰膝功效，用于腰膝酸痛、肝肾亏虚和跌打瘀痛等”的描述。</span></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%C5%A3%CF%A5%20Achyranthes%20bidentata%20%284%29.jpg&id=1366210" style=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%C5%A3%CF%A5%20Achyranthes%20bidentata%20%283%29.jpg&id=1366211" style=""/></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background: #FFFFFF; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牛膝菊</span></strong><span style="text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background: #FFFFFF; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #333333;"></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background: #FFFFFF; font-family: 宋体; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.034em; color: #333333;">是菊</span>科牛膝菊属的一年生草本，全部茎枝被疏散或上部稠密的贴伏短柔毛和少量腺毛；叶卵形或长椭圆状卵形或披针形，顶端渐尖或钝，基出三脉或不明显五出脉；叶两面被白色稀疏贴伏的短柔毛，边缘浅或钝锯齿或波状浅锯齿。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=IMG_20240825_113802.jpg&id=1366213" alt="IMG_20240825_113802.jpg"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">头状花序半球形，多数在茎枝顶端排成疏松的伞房花序；总苞半球形或宽钟状，总苞片</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1-2</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">层，约</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">个，外层短，内层卵形或卵圆形，顶端圆钝，白色，膜质；舌状花</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4-5</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">个，舌片白色，顶端</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: white; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">齿裂，筒部细管状，外面被稠密白色短柔毛；管状花黄色，下部被稠密白色短柔毛。</span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.612px; text-align: justify;">牛膝菊全草药用，据中国植物志描述：有止血、消炎之功效，对外伤出血、扁桃体炎、咽喉炎、急性黄胆型肝炎有一定的疗效。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.612px; text-align: justify;"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=IMG_20180826_101937.jpg&id=1366214" style=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=IMG_20240821_094344.jpg&id=1366215" style=""/></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牵牛花</span></strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：旋花科牵牛属一年生缠绕草本，叶宽卵形或近圆形（根据其叶片是否具有深或浅的</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">裂，而分为圆叶牵牛和裂叶牵牛等），先端渐尖或骤尖，侧裂片较短，裂口锐或圆；叶面或疏或密被微硬的柔毛。花腋生，单一或通常</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">朵着生于花序梗顶，苞片线形或叶状，被开展微硬毛；花冠漏斗状，蓝紫色或紫红色，花冠管色淡；蒴果近球形，</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">瓣裂；种子卵状三棱形，黑褐色或米黄色，被褐色短绒毛。</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px; background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.612px; text-align: justify;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/22/123806i92vf1cm1p297qpf.jpg" title="" alt="IMG_20160811_083340.jpg"/></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有众多诗词描写牵牛花，如诗人杨万里有“素罗笠顶碧罗檐，晚卸蓝裳著茜衫”、董嗣有“篱笆雨过晚阳红，碧衬秋空点染工。河鼓星高钟异卉，铢衣烟靓袅西风。香挼茜彩涂姜色，蔓引凉姿入豆丛。为蕊尚犹分黑白，此花岂与一样同”的描述。</span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.034em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牵牛的种子即为中药材牵牛子，其最早记载可在南北朝《名医别录》中见到相关描述。中医药大辞典中有“具有利水、泻下和消积等功效，主治水肿、腹水和脚气等”的描述。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.034em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=IMG_20230828_105259.jpg&id=1366217" alt="IMG_20230828_105259.jpg"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%D4%B2%D2%B6%C7%A3%C5%A3%20Pharbitis%20purpurea%20%285%29.jpg&id=1366218" alt="圆叶牵牛 Pharbitis purpurea (5).jpg"/></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牛皮消</span></strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体;">是萝藦科鹅绒藤属的草质缠绕藤本植物，扯断茎蔓会流出白色汁液，据相关介绍这些白色汁液对厚硬如牛皮的疣赘肿块消退，故名</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span>牛皮消<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: #FFFFFF; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-family: 宋体;">。</span></span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%;">牛皮消的叶宽卵形至卵状长圆形，顶端短渐尖，基部心形。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=IMG_20180822_161304.jpg&id=1366220" alt="IMG_20180822_161304.jpg"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%;">聚伞花序伞房状，着花</span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif";">30</span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%;">朵；花冠白色，辐状，裂片反折，内面具疏柔毛；副花冠浅杯状，裂片椭圆形，肉质，钝头，在每裂片内面的中部有</span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif";">1</span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.034em; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%;">个三角形的舌状鳞片。</span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: 宋体; text-align: justify; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; 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