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id="toc-Meat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Meat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Fish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Vegetables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_of_meals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_meals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure of meals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_meals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Side dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spices_and_condiments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spices_and_condiments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Spices and condiments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spices_and_condiments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desserts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desserts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Desserts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desserts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bread" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bread"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bread</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bread-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bread subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bread-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bread_rolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bread_rolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bread rolls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bread_rolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Beverages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Beverages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alcoholic_drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcoholic_drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Alcoholic drinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcoholic_drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-alcoholic_drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-alcoholic_drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Non-alcoholic drinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-alcoholic_drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Regional cuisine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_cuisine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regional cuisine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baden-Württemberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baden-Württemberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Baden-Württemberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baden-Württemberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bavaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bavaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bavaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bavaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franconia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franconia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Franconia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franconia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Hamburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lower_Saxony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_Saxony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Lower Saxony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_Saxony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pomerania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pomerania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Pomerania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pomerania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hessen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hessen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Hessen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hessen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatinate/Pfalz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatinate/Pfalz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Palatinate/Pfalz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatinate/Pfalz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thuringia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thuringia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.9</span> <span>Thuringia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thuringia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saxony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saxony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.10</span> <span>Saxony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saxony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>International influences</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_influences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International influences subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-German_cuisine_in_other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_cuisine_in_other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>German cuisine in other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_cuisine_in_other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_of_immigration_to_German_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_of_immigration_to_German_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Influence of immigration to German cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_of_immigration_to_German_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Food industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">German cuisine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مطبخ ألماني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطبخ ألماني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya_m%C9%99tb%C9%99xi" title="Almaniya mətbəxi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almaniya mətbəxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Jerman" title="Masakan Jerman – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Masakan Jerman" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Нямецкая кухня – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нямецкая кухня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka_kuhinja" title="Njemačka kuhinja – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemačka kuhinja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronomia_d%27Alemanya" title="Gastronomia d'Alemanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastronomia d'Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmeck%C3%A1_kuchyn%C4%9B" title="Německá kuchyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německá kuchyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_K%C3%BCche" title="Deutsche Küche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche Küche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_k%C3%B6%C3%B6k" title="Saksa köök – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa köök" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γερμανική κουζίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανική κουζίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_Alemania" title="Gastronomía de Alemania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía de Alemania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuirarto_de_Germanio" title="Kuirarto de Germanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kuirarto de Germanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemaniako_gastronomia" title="Alemaniako gastronomia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alemaniako gastronomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آشپزی آلمانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آشپزی آلمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_allemande" title="Cuisine allemande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine allemande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="독일 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Գերմանական խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka_kuhinja" title="Njemačka kuhinja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemačka kuhinja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidangan_Jerman" title="Hidangan Jerman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidangan Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_tedesca" title="Cucina tedesca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina tedesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99" title="המטבח הגרמני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המטבח הגרמני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahan_Jerman" title="Olahan Jerman – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olahan Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="გერმანული სამზარეულო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანული სამზარეულო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAjgeha_alman" title="Pêjgeha alman – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêjgeha alman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9met_konyham%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Német konyhaművészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Német konyhaművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Германска кујна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германска кујна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Jerman" title="Masakan Jerman – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Masakan Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitse_keuken" title="Duitse keuken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitse keuken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="ドイツ料理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ料理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchnia_niemiecka" title="Kuchnia niemiecka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuchnia niemiecka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_da_Alemanha" title="Culinária da Alemanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Culinária da Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Немецкая кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Немецкая кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Немачка кухиња – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Немачка кухиња" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksalainen_keitti%C3%B6" title="Saksalainen keittiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksalainen keittiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyska_k%C3%B6ket" title="Tyska köket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyska köket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อาหารเยอรมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาหารเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Alman mutfağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alman mutfağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Німецька кухня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецька кухня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Ẩm thực Đức – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ẩm thực Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="德國飲食 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Culinary tradition</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For various examples of cuisine, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_dishes" title="List of German dishes">List of German dishes</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Germany" title="Category:Germany">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Culture of Germany</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/100px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/150px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/200px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Germany" title="Science and technology in Germany">Science and Technology</a> <sub>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of German inventions and discoveries">List of German inventions and discoveries</a>)</sub></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Germany">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany" title="Demographics of Germany">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Germany" title="Poles in Germany">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Germany" title="Russians in Germany">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asians_in_Germany" title="Asians in Germany">Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Germans" title="Afro-Germans">Afro-Germans</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany" title="Languages of Germany">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North Frisian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_humour" title="German humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest" title="Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology of Germany">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Germany">folklore</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Germanic mythology</a> <sub>(<a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a>)</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_folklore" title="German folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="German legend">German legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">German cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_cuisine" title="Baden cuisine">Baden cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_cuisine" title="Bavarian cuisine">Bavarian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hamburg" title="Cuisine of Hamburg">Hamburg cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_cuisine" title="Hessian cuisine">Hessian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_cuisine" title="Lower Saxon cuisine">Lower Saxon cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountain_cuisine" title="Ore Mountain cuisine">Ore Mountain cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_cuisine" title="Palatine cuisine">Palatine cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_cuisine" title="Pomeranian cuisine">Pomeranian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_cuisine" title="Swabian cuisine">Swabian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_dishes" title="List of German dishes">List of German dishes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Germany" title="Category:Festivals in Germany">Festivals</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Germany" title="Freedom of religion in Germany">Freedom of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Evangelical-Lutheran_Church" title="Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church">Evangelical-Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Church_in_Southern_Schleswig" title="Danish Church in Southern Schleswig">Danish Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Germany">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Diocese_of_the_Old_Catholics_in_Germany" title="Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany">Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Germany">Eastern Orthodox Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_Germany" title="Oriental Orthodoxy in Germany">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany">Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Germany" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Germany">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Germany" title="Irreligion in Germany">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_German-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in German-speaking Europe">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Germany" title="Islam in Germany">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">History of the Jews in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany" title="Buddhism in Germany">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Germany" title="Hinduism in Germany">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Germany" title="Sikhism in Germany">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Germany" title="Baháʼí Faith in Germany">Baháʼí Faith</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Germany">Art</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Germany" title="Architecture of Germany">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_art" title="German art">Art</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_artists" title="List of German artists">artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_painters" title="List of German painters">painters</a>) </small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_fashion" title="German fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theatre_in_Germany" title="Category:Theatre in Germany">Theatre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Germany">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_comics" title="German comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_philosophy" title="German philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Germany">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Germany" title="Radio in Germany">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Germany" title="Television in Germany">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Germany">Media</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Germany" title="Sport in Germany">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Germany" title="Football in Germany">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Germany" title="Category:Golf in Germany">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Handball_in_Germany" title="Category:Handball in Germany">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horse_racing_in_Germany" title="Category:Horse racing in Germany">Horse Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Germany" title="Category:Motorsport in Germany">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volleyball_in_Germany" title="Category:Volleyball in Germany">Volleyball</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Germany" title="List of castles in Germany">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorie:Liste_(Kulturdenkmale_in_Deutschland)" class="extiw" title="de:Kategorie:Liste (Kulturdenkmale in Deutschland)">Monuments Lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Germany">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany" title="Coat of arms of Germany">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Germany">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Deutschlandlied</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/16px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bread_rolls_at_a_bakery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bread_rolls_at_a_bakery.jpg/157px-Bread_rolls_at_a_bakery.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bread_rolls_at_a_bakery.jpg/236px-Bread_rolls_at_a_bakery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bread_rolls_at_a_bakery.jpg/314px-Bread_rolls_at_a_bakery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left"><a href="/wiki/Bread_rolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread rolls">Brötchen</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bitburger_Glass.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bitburger_Glass.JPG/157px-Bitburger_Glass.JPG" decoding="async" width="157" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bitburger_Glass.JPG/236px-Bitburger_Glass.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bitburger_Glass.JPG/314px-Bitburger_Glass.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left"><a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">Lager</a> <a href="/wiki/German_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="German beer">beer</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-05-23_Sauerbraten_anagoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2017-05-23_Sauerbraten_anagoria.jpg/168px-2017-05-23_Sauerbraten_anagoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2017-05-23_Sauerbraten_anagoria.jpg/252px-2017-05-23_Sauerbraten_anagoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2017-05-23_Sauerbraten_anagoria.jpg/336px-2017-05-23_Sauerbraten_anagoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left"><a href="/wiki/Sauerbraten" title="Sauerbraten">Sauerbraten</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kartoffelkl%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartoffelklöße">Kartoffelklöße</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bunter_Teller_(27_St%C3%BCcke).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bunter_Teller_%2827_St%C3%BCcke%29.jpg/146px-Bunter_Teller_%2827_St%C3%BCcke%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bunter_Teller_%2827_St%C3%BCcke%29.jpg/219px-Bunter_Teller_%2827_St%C3%BCcke%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bunter_Teller_%2827_St%C3%BCcke%29.jpg/292px-Bunter_Teller_%2827_St%C3%BCcke%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="2512" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_desserts" title="List of German desserts">Desserts and pastries</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>cuisine of Germany</b> consists of many different local or regional cuisines, reflecting the country's federal history. <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> itself is part of the larger cultural region of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, sharing many culinary traditions with neighbouring countries such as <a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Poland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech Republic</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> as well). In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> more specifically, the traditional <a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish cuisine</a> had also been influenced by German cuisine in the past, hence several dishes being common between the two countries (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Potato_salad" title="Potato salad">potato salad</a>). </p><p>At the same time, German cuisine also shares many similar characteristics with Western European cuisine, as is reflected by some common traditional dishes served in the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and, most notably, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>). Southern German regions, such as <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a>, share dishes with <a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian cuisine</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss cuisine</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Sevin_Sevin_2010_p._81_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sevin_Sevin_2010_p._81-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German cuisine has also influenced other European cuisines from Central-<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> such as those of <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, both countries sharing past and current German heritage in general, through their ethnic German minorities (see also, for example in this regard, the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon cuisine</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a> of 2015 awarded a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michelin_starred_restaurants#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Michelin starred restaurants">three-star ranking</a> (the highest designation) to 11 restaurants in Germany, while 38 more received two-star rankings and 233 one-star rankings.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of November 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Germany had the fourth-highest number of Michelin three-star restaurants in the world, after <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hot_dishes">Hot dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hot dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meat">Meat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Meat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%A4gerschnitzel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/J%C3%A4gerschnitzel.png/220px-J%C3%A4gerschnitzel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/J%C3%A4gerschnitzel.png/330px-J%C3%A4gerschnitzel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/J%C3%A4gerschnitzel.png/440px-J%C3%A4gerschnitzel.png 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="1166" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4gerschnitzel" title="Jägerschnitzel">Jägerschnitzel</a> with fettuccine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curryking-4612.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Curryking-4612.jpg/220px-Curryking-4612.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Curryking-4612.jpg/330px-Curryking-4612.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Curryking-4612.jpg/440px-Curryking-4612.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4581" data-file-height="3054" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Currywurst" title="Currywurst">Currywurst</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donner_Kebab,_Cologne,_Germany_(1057919169).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg/220px-Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg/330px-Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg/440px-Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Döner kebab</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The average annual meat consumption is 59.7 kg (132 lb) per person. The most common varieties are pork, poultry, and beef. Other varieties of meat are widely available, but are considered to be insignificant. </p><p>Meat is usually <a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">braised</a>; fried dishes also exist, but these recipes usually originate from <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austria</a>. Several cooking methods used to soften tough cuts have evolved into national specialties, including <i><a href="/wiki/Sauerbraten" title="Sauerbraten">Sauerbraten</a></i> (sour roast), involving marinating beef, horse meat or venison in a vinegar or wine vinegar mixture over several days. </p><p>A long tradition of sausage-making exists in Germany; more than 1,500 different types of sausage (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Wurst</i>) are made.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walker_2014_p._64_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker_2014_p._64-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hayes_Laudan_2009_p._471_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayes_Laudan_2009_p._471-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <i>Wurst</i> is made with natural <a href="/wiki/Sausage_casing" title="Sausage casing">casings</a> of pork, sheep or lamb intestines. Among the most popular and most common are <i><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a></i>, usually made of ground pork and spices, the <i>Wiener</i> (Viennese), which may be pork or beef and is smoked and fully cooked in a water bath, and <i>Blutwurst</i> (<a href="/wiki/Blood_sausage" title="Blood sausage">blood sausage</a>) or <i>Schwarzwurst</i> (black sausage) made from blood (often of pigs or geese). Thousands of types of cold cuts also are available which are also called "Wurst" in German. There are many regional specialties, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Weisswurst" title="Weisswurst">Münchner Weißwurst</a></i> (Munich white sausage) popular in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Currywurst" title="Currywurst">Currywurst</a></i> (depending on region, either a steamed pork sausage or a version of the <i>Bratwurst</i>, sliced and spiced with curry ketchup) popular in the metropolitan areas of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr Area">Ruhr Area</a>. Strict regulations governing what may and may not be put into them have been in force in Germany since the 13th century. In the market ordinance of Landshut in 1236, it was set down that only top-quality meat could be made into sausages. Different types of sausages include also: <a href="/wiki/Bierschinken" title="Bierschinken">Bierschinken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bockwurst" title="Bockwurst">Bockwurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_W%C3%BCrstchen" title="Frankfurter Würstchen">Frankfurter Würstchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagdwurst" title="Jagdwurst">Jagdwurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knackwurst" title="Knackwurst">Knackwurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverwurst" title="Liverwurst">Liverwurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mettwurst" title="Mettwurst">Mettwurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberger_Bratw%C3%BCrste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nürnberger Bratwürste">Nürnberger Bratwürste</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberger_Rostbratwurst" title="Nürnberger Rostbratwurst">Nürnberger Rostbratwurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regensburger_Wurst" title="Regensburger Wurst">Regensburger Wurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saumagen" title="Saumagen">Saumagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teewurst" title="Teewurst">Teewurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thuringian_sausage" title="Thuringian sausage">Thuringian sausage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weisswurst" title="Weisswurst">Weisswurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westf%C3%A4lische_Rinderwurst" title="Westfälische Rinderwurst">Westfälische Rinderwurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wollwurst" title="Wollwurst">Wollwurst</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Döner kebab">Döner kebab</a>, a dish consisting of seasoned meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie and popularized by Turkish immigrants, is one of the most popular fast food items in Germany with sales reaching more than 3.5 billion euros each year. The döner meat is typically served as a plate with rice or chips and a salad, or for a quick snack or meal it may be enjoyed in a wrap. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fish">Fish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fischbr%C3%B6tchen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fischbr%C3%B6tchen.JPG/220px-Fischbr%C3%B6tchen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fischbr%C3%B6tchen.JPG/330px-Fischbr%C3%B6tchen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fischbr%C3%B6tchen.JPG/440px-Fischbr%C3%B6tchen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A variety of <a href="/wiki/Fischbr%C3%B6tchen" title="Fischbrötchen">Fischbrötchen</a>, including with <a href="/wiki/Rollmops" title="Rollmops">Rollmops</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Of saltwater fish, whitefish such as <a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">Atlantic herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic cod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saithe" class="mw-redirect" title="Saithe">saithe</a> are the most common.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular freshwater fish on the German menu are <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pike_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike (fish)">pike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/European_perch" title="European perch">European perch</a> also are listed frequently.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fish are often served grilled, fried as "Backfisch" or "Fischfrikadelle", or in a soup. Seafood traditionally was restricted to the northern coastal areas, except for <a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">pickled herring</a>, which was often served in a <a href="/wiki/Fischbr%C3%B6tchen" title="Fischbrötchen">Fischbrötchen</a>, as <i><a href="/wiki/Rollmops" title="Rollmops">Rollmops</a></i> (a pickled herring <a href="/wiki/Fillet_(cut)" title="Fillet (cut)">fillet</a> rolled into a cylindrical shape around a piece of pickled gherkin or onion), or <i><a href="/wiki/Brathering" title="Brathering">Brathering</a></i> (fried, <a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">marinated</a> <a href="/wiki/Herring_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herring (food)">herring</a>). </p><p>Today, many sea fish, such as fresh herring, <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mackerel_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mackerel (food)">mackerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon (food)">salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardine_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardine (food)">sardines</a>, are well established throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacVeigh_2008_p._166_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacVeigh_2008_p._166-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the industrial revolution and the ensuing pollution of the rivers, salmon were common in the rivers <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> and only slowly started to return along with a growing consciousness for environmental questions and resulting measures, such as state-of-the-art sewage plant and reduction of agricultural runoff. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fish_fingers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish fingers">Fish fingers</a>, known as Fischstäbchen (lit.: "fish sticklets"),<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_2014_p._19_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill_2014_p._19-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a popular <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">processed food</a> made using <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_(fisheries_term)" title="Whitefish (fisheries term)">whitefish</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">haddock</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">pollock</a>, which has been <a href="/wiki/Batter_(cooking)" title="Batter (cooking)">battered</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaded">breaded</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetables">Vegetables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vegetables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vegetables are often used in <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stews</a> or vegetable soups, but are also served as <a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">side dishes</a>. Carrots,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cauliflower,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OECD_1968_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_1968-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> turnips,<sup id="cite_ref-Hassani_2004_p._107_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassani_2004_p._107-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spinach,<sup id="cite_ref-Heberle_1996_p._77_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heberle_1996_p._77-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> peas,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beans, broccoli and many types of cabbage are very common.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_1968_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_1968-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bach_2016_p._39_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bach_2016_p._39-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fried onions are a common addition to many meat dishes throughout the country. Circa 1900, carrots were sometimes roasted in water, with the broth used in place of coffee.<sup id="cite_ref-Champlin_1901_p._150_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Champlin_1901_p._150-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">Asparagus</a> is a popular seasonal side or main dish with a yearly per-capita consumption of 1.5 kg (3.3 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The white variety is especially popular in Germany and more common than green asparagus.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacob_Ashkenazi_2014_p._498_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacob_Ashkenazi_2014_p._498-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smalera_2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smalera_2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Restaurants will sometimes devote an entire menu to nothing but white asparagus when it is in season.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_D_2017_p._103_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_D_2017_p._103-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spargel season (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Spargelzeit</i> or <i>Spargelsaison</i>) traditionally begins in mid-April and ends on St. John's Day (24 June).<sup id="cite_ref-Crair_2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crair_2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_of_meals">Structure of meals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Structure of meals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spargel_sauce_hollandaise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Spargel_sauce_hollandaise.jpg/220px-Spargel_sauce_hollandaise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Spargel_sauce_hollandaise.jpg/330px-Spargel_sauce_hollandaise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Spargel_sauce_hollandaise.jpg/440px-Spargel_sauce_hollandaise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Typical serving of asparagus with <a href="/wiki/Hollandaise_sauce" title="Hollandaise sauce">Hollandaise sauce</a> and potatoes</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Breakfast" title="Breakfast">Breakfast</a> (<i>Frühstück,</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈfʁyːˌʃtʏk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ca\/De-Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck.ogg\/De-Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Fr\u00fchst\u00fcck.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/De-Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck.ogg/De-Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck.ogg" title="File:De-Frühstück.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) commonly consists of bread, toast, or bread rolls with butter or margarine, <a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">cold cuts</a>, cheeses, jam (<i>Konfitüre</i> or more commonly called <i>Marmelade</i>), honey and eggs (typically boiled).<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_Merkle_Parasecoli_Mennell_2005_p._186_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein_Merkle_Parasecoli_Mennell_2005_p._186-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Food_&_Wine_2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Food_&_Wine_2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common drinks at breakfast are coffee, tea, milk, cocoa (hot or cold) or fruit juices.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_Merkle_Parasecoli_Mennell_2005_p._186_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein_Merkle_Parasecoli_Mennell_2005_p._186-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is very common to eat hearty toppings at breakfast, including deli meats like ham, salted meats, salami and meat-based spreads such as <i><a href="/wiki/Leberwurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Leberwurst">Leberwurst</a></i> (liver sausage), <i>Teewurst</i> or <i>Mettwurst</i>, and cheeses such as Gouda, <i>Frischkäse</i> (cream cheese), Brie, <i>Harzer Roller</i>, <i>Bergkäse</i> and more. Most bakeries tend to sell <i>belegte Brötchen</i> (sandwiches from bread rolls), especially in the morning, for people on the go. </p><p>Traditionally, the main meal of the day has been <a href="/wiki/Lunch" title="Lunch">lunch</a> (<i>Mittagessen,</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈmɪtaːkˌʔɛsn̩]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e2\/De-Mittagessen.ogg\/De-Mittagessen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Mittagessen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/De-Mittagessen.ogg/De-Mittagessen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Mittagessen.ogg" title="File:De-Mittagessen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), eaten around noon.<sup id="cite_ref-Lane_2001_p._22_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lane_2001_p._22-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dinner" title="Dinner">Dinner</a> (<i>Abendessen,</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈaːbn̩tˌʔɛsn̩]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7c\/De-Abendessen.ogg\/De-Abendessen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Abendessen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/De-Abendessen.ogg/De-Abendessen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Abendessen.ogg" title="File:De-Abendessen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, or <i>Abendbrot</i>) was always a smaller meal, often consisting only of a variety of breads, meat or sausages, cheese and some kind of vegetables, similar to breakfast, or possibly sandwiches. Smaller meals added during the day bear names such as <i>Vesper</i> (in the south), <i>Brotzeit</i> (bread time, also in the south), <i>Kaffee und Kuchen</i> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ea\/GT_Kaffee_und_Kuchen.ogg\/GT_Kaffee_und_Kuchen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"GT Kaffee und Kuchen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/GT_Kaffee_und_Kuchen.ogg/GT_Kaffee_und_Kuchen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:GT_Kaffee_und_Kuchen.ogg" title="File:GT Kaffee und Kuchen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, literally for "coffee and cake"), or <i>Kaffeetrinken</i>. It is a very German custom and comparable with the English <a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">five-o'clock tea</a>. It takes time between lunch and dinner, often on Sundays with the entire family. </p><p>However, in Germany, as in other parts of Europe, dining habits have changed over the last 50 years. Today, many people eat only a small meal in the middle of the day at work, often also a second breakfast, and enjoy a hot dinner in the evening at home with the whole family.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_Fox_Foster_2012_p._154_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_Fox_Foster_2012_p._154-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For others, the traditional way of eating is still rather common, not only in rural areas. Breakfast is still very popular and may be elaborate and extended on weekends, with friends invited as guests; the same holds for coffee and cake. Since the 1990s, the Sunday <a href="/wiki/Brunch" title="Brunch">brunch</a> has also become common, especially in city cafés. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_dishes">Side dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Side dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bratkartoffeln_1024_768.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bratkartoffeln_1024_768.jpg/220px-Bratkartoffeln_1024_768.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bratkartoffeln_1024_768.jpg/330px-Bratkartoffeln_1024_768.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bratkartoffeln_1024_768.jpg/440px-Bratkartoffeln_1024_768.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/German_fries" title="German fries">German fries</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Bratkartoffeln</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">Noodles</a>, made from wheat flour and egg, are usually thicker than the <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> flat pasta. Especially in the southwestern part of the country, the predominant variety of noodles are <i><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tzle" title="Spätzle">Spätzle</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt_2003_p._250_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt_2003_p._250-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made with a large number of eggs, and <i><a href="/wiki/Maultaschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Maultaschen">Maultaschen</a></i>, traditional stuffed noodles reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">ravioli</a>. </p><p>Besides noodles, potatoes are common.<sup id="cite_ref-MacVeigh_2008_p._167_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacVeigh_2008_p._167-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potatoes entered the German cuisine in the late 17th century, and were almost ubiquitous in the 19th century and since. They most often are boiled (in salt water, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Salzkartoffeln</i></span>), but <a href="/wiki/Mashed_potato" title="Mashed potato">mashed</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kartoffelpüree</i></span> or <i>Kartoffelbrei</i>) and pan-roasted <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bratkartoffeln</i></span>) also are traditional. <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a>, called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Pommes frites</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Pommes</i></span> (spoken as "Pom fritz" or, respectively, "Pommès", deviating from the French pronunciation which would be "Pom freet" or "Pom") or regionally as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fritten</i></span> in German, are a common style of fried potatoes; they are traditionally offered with either <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, or, as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Pommes rot/weiß</i></span> (lit. fries red/white), with both. </p><p>Also common are <a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">dumplings</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt_2003_p._250_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt_2003_p._250-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sheraton_2010_p._115_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheraton_2010_p._115-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (including <i>Klöße</i> as the term in the north or <i>Knödel</i> as the term in the south) and in southern Germany potato noodles, including <i><a href="/wiki/Schupfnudel" title="Schupfnudel">Schupfnudeln</a></i>, which are similar to Italian <i><a href="/wiki/Gnocchi" title="Gnocchi">gnocchi</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">Salads</a>, also modern variations, as well as <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_dishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian dishes">vegetarian dishes</a> are increasingly popular in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Travel_2016_p._505_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Travel_2016_p._505-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spices_and_condiments">Spices and condiments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spices and condiments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quarkkeulchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Quarkkeulchen.jpg/220px-Quarkkeulchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Quarkkeulchen.jpg/330px-Quarkkeulchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Quarkkeulchen.jpg/440px-Quarkkeulchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Quarkk%C3%A4ulchen" title="Quarkkäulchen">Quarkkäulchen</a>, a pancake-like dessert with sugar and cinnamon</figcaption></figure> <p>With the exception of mustard, horseradish, and hot paprika, German dishes are rarely hot and spicy. The most popular herbs and spices are traditionally <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay leaves">bay leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">borage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">caraway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chive" class="mw-redirect" title="Chive">chives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">curry powder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dill_weed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dill weed">dill weed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">juniper berries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">lovage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">marjoram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">parsley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk_Mendell_2013_p._117_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk_Mendell_2013_p._117-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-What_Are_Some_Of_The_Most_Popular_German_Spices_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_Are_Some_Of_The_Most_Popular_German_Spices-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a>, anise seed and <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a> are often used in sweet cakes or beverages associated with Christmas time, and sometimes in the preparation of sausages, but are otherwise rare in German meals. Other herbs and spices, such as <a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_sage" class="mw-redirect" title="Common sage">sage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>, hot <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">curry powder</a> have become popular since the early 1980s. Fresh <a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">dill</a> is very common in a green <a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salad</a> or fish fillet. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senf-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Senf-3.jpg/220px-Senf-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Senf-3.jpg/330px-Senf-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Senf-3.jpg/440px-Senf-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Traditional German mustard</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustard</a> (<i>Senf</i>) is a very common accompaniment to sausages and can vary in strength,<sup id="cite_ref-Hayes_Laudan_2009_p._471_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayes_Laudan_2009_p._471-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the most common version being <i>Mittelscharf</i> (medium hot), which is somewhere between traditional English and French mustards in strength. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, similar to French's Deli Mustard with a taste that is very different from Dijon, and the surrounding area are known for its particularly spicy mustard, which is used both as a table condiment and in local dishes such as <i>Senfrostbraten</i> (pot roast with mustard).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southern parts of the country, a sweet variety of mustard is made which is almost exclusively served with the Bavarian speciality <i><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fwurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Weißwurst">Weißwurst</a></i>. German mustard is usually considerably less acidic than American varieties. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a> is commonly used as a condiment either on its own served as a paste, enriched with cream (<i>Sahnemeerrettich</i>), or combined with mustard.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some regions of Germany, it is used with meats and sausages where mustard would otherwise be used. Its use in Germany has been documented to the 16th century, when it was used as medicine, and as a food, whereby its leaves were consumed as a vegetable.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a> has never played a large role in traditional German cuisine,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has risen in popularity in recent decades due to the influence of <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a> cuisines. <a href="/wiki/Allium_ursinum" title="Allium ursinum">Ramson</a>, a rediscovered herb from earlier centuries, has become quite popular again since the 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desserts">Desserts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Desserts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_desserts" title="List of German desserts">List of German desserts</a></div><p>A wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Cake" title="Cake">cakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tart" title="Tart">tarts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastries</a> are served throughout the country,<sup id="cite_ref-Heinzelmann_2008_p._94_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinzelmann_2008_p._94-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ensminger_Ensminger_1993_p._579_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ensminger_Ensminger_1993_p._579-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most commonly made with fresh fruit. Apples, plums, strawberries, and cherries are used regularly in cakes. <a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">Cheesecake</a> is also very popular, often made with <a href="/wiki/Quark_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark (cheese)">quark</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Schwarzw%C3%A4lder_Kirschtorte" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte">Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte</a></i> (Black Forest cake, made with cherries) is probably the most well-known example of a wide variety of typically German <a href="/wiki/Torte" title="Torte">tortes</a> filled with whipped or butter cream.<sup id="cite_ref-Castella_2010_p._97_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castella_2010_p._97-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze_Vanillesauce_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze_Vanillesauce_2.jpg/220px-Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze_Vanillesauce_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze_Vanillesauce_2.jpg/330px-Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze_Vanillesauce_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze_Vanillesauce_2.jpg/440px-Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze_Vanillesauce_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze" class="mw-redirect" title="Rote Grütze">Rote Grütze</a> with vanilla sauce</figcaption></figure> <p>German <a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnuts</a> (which have no hole) are usually balls of yeast dough with jam or other fillings, and are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Berliner_(pastry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berliner (pastry)">Berliner</a></i>, <i>Pfannkuchen</i> (in Berlin and Eastern Germany),<sup id="cite_ref-Sachsenroeder_2009_p._170_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachsenroeder_2009_p._170-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kreppel</i> or <i>Krapfen</i>, depending on the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Davey_GmbH_Zhen_2015_p._59_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davey_GmbH_Zhen_2015_p._59-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_2016_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson_2016-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Eierkuchen</i> or <i>Pfannkuchen</i> are large (usually around 20–24 cm in diameter), and relatively thin (~5mm) pancakes,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comparable to the French <i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">crêpes</a></i>. They are served covered with sugar, jam or syrup. Salty variants with cheese, ground meat or bacon exist as well as variants with apple slices baked in (called <i>Apfelpfannkuchen</i>, literally for <i>apple pancakes</i>), but they are usually considered to be main dishes rather than desserts. In some regions, <i>Eierkuchen</i> are filled and then wrapped. The word <i>Pfannkuchen</i> means pancake in most parts of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_2016_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson_2016-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Strudel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Apple_Strudel.png/220px-Apple_Strudel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Apple_Strudel.png/330px-Apple_Strudel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Apple_Strudel.png/440px-Apple_Strudel.png 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>Apple <a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">strudel</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Apfelstrudel</i>), a traditional Austrian and Bavarian dessert, served with <a href="/wiki/Powdered_sugar" title="Powdered sugar">powdered sugar</a> on top and <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanilla sauce">vanilla sauce</a> underneath</figcaption></figure> <p>A popular dessert in northern Germany is <i><a href="/wiki/Rote_Gr%C3%BCtze" class="mw-redirect" title="Rote Grütze">Rote Grütze</a></i>, red fruit pudding, which is made with black and red currants, raspberries and sometimes strawberries or cherries cooked in juice with corn starch as a thickener.<sup id="cite_ref-Heinzelmann_2008_p._107_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinzelmann_2008_p._107-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is traditionally served with cream, but also is served with <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a> sauce, milk or whipped cream.<sup id="cite_ref-Heinzelmann_2008_p._107_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinzelmann_2008_p._107-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rhabarbergrütze</i> (rhubarb pudding)<sup id="cite_ref-Heinzelmann_2008_p._81_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinzelmann_2008_p._81-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Grüne Grütze</i> (gooseberry fruit pudding) are variations of the <i>Rote Grütze</i>. A similar dish, <i>Obstkaltschale</i>, may also be found all around Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Ice cream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sorbet" title="Sorbet">sorbets</a> are also very popular.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian-run ice cream parlours were the first large wave of foreign-run eateries in Germany, which began around the mid-1850s, becoming widespread in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Spaghettieis" title="Spaghettieis">Spaghettieis</a></i>, which resembles spaghetti, tomato sauce, and ground cheese on a plate, originated in Germany and is a popular ice cream dessert.<sup id="cite_ref-Kwak_2012_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kwak_2012-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holidays">Holidays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the Christmas Days following <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a>, roast goose is a staple of Christmas Day meals.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes replaced with European carp,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in Southern areas. The carp is cut into pieces, coated in breadcrumbs and fried in fat. Common side dishes are potato salad, cucumber salad or potatoes. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schoko-Osterhase_IMGP1551_smial_wp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chocolate Easter Bunny"><img alt="Chocolate Easter Bunny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Schoko-Osterhase_IMGP1551_smial_wp.jpg/114px-Schoko-Osterhase_IMGP1551_smial_wp.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Schoko-Osterhase_IMGP1551_smial_wp.jpg/171px-Schoko-Osterhase_IMGP1551_smial_wp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Schoko-Osterhase_IMGP1551_smial_wp.jpg/228px-Schoko-Osterhase_IMGP1551_smial_wp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2647" data-file-height="4184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chocolate <a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Easter Bunny</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juravolksfest_Neumarkt_2013_-_021.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Oktoberfest Gingerbread"><img alt="Oktoberfest Gingerbread" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Juravolksfest_Neumarkt_2013_-_021.JPG/270px-Juravolksfest_Neumarkt_2013_-_021.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Juravolksfest_Neumarkt_2013_-_021.JPG/405px-Juravolksfest_Neumarkt_2013_-_021.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Juravolksfest_Neumarkt_2013_-_021.JPG/540px-Juravolksfest_Neumarkt_2013_-_021.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oktoberfest <a href="/wiki/Gingerbread#Europe" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christmas-goose-(Weihnachtsgans)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roast Christmas goose"><img alt="Roast Christmas goose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Christmas-goose-%28Weihnachtsgans%29_1.jpg/240px-Christmas-goose-%28Weihnachtsgans%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Christmas-goose-%28Weihnachtsgans%29_1.jpg/360px-Christmas-goose-%28Weihnachtsgans%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Christmas-goose-%28Weihnachtsgans%29_1.jpg/480px-Christmas-goose-%28Weihnachtsgans%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roast Christmas goose </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cookies_-_Till_Westermayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christmas cookies"><img alt="Christmas cookies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cookies_-_Till_Westermayer.jpg/270px-Cookies_-_Till_Westermayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cookies_-_Till_Westermayer.jpg/405px-Cookies_-_Till_Westermayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cookies_-_Till_Westermayer.jpg/540px-Cookies_-_Till_Westermayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="1770" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookies" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas cookies">Christmas cookies</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotkaeppchen_Sekt_Riesling_Trocken.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Year Sekt"><img alt="New Year Sekt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rotkaeppchen_Sekt_Riesling_Trocken.jpg/180px-Rotkaeppchen_Sekt_Riesling_Trocken.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rotkaeppchen_Sekt_Riesling_Trocken.jpg/270px-Rotkaeppchen_Sekt_Riesling_Trocken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rotkaeppchen_Sekt_Riesling_Trocken.jpg/360px-Rotkaeppchen_Sekt_Riesling_Trocken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2447" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">New Year <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine#Sekt" title="Sparkling wine">Sekt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gl%C3%BChwein_Weinnachtsmarkt_OS.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mulled wine (German: Glühwein)"><img alt="Mulled wine (German: Glühwein)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gl%C3%BChwein_Weinnachtsmarkt_OS.JPG/202px-Gl%C3%BChwein_Weinnachtsmarkt_OS.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gl%C3%BChwein_Weinnachtsmarkt_OS.JPG/303px-Gl%C3%BChwein_Weinnachtsmarkt_OS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gl%C3%BChwein_Weinnachtsmarkt_OS.JPG/405px-Gl%C3%BChwein_Weinnachtsmarkt_OS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2465" data-file-height="2194" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Glühwein</i>)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Apart from Christmas, nearly all other Christian holidays and seasons have special dishes associated with them, varying regionally and by denomination. The Easter season, for instance, is typically associated with painted <a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter eggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easter_bread" title="Easter bread"><i>Osterbrot</i></a> and a meal of freshwater fish on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>. Likewise, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sylvester%27s_Day" title="Saint Sylvester's Day">Saint Sylvester's Day</a> is often celebrated with a meal of <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting season</a>, which lasts from <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> to <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a>, is observed in many areas, especially Catholic ones. The preceding <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival season</a> is known for <a href="/wiki/Berliner_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berliner (doughnut)"><i>Berliner Pfannkuchen (German doughnuts)</i></a>. The last months of the year, especially the <a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a> and Christmas season, is often associated with <i>Weihnachtsgebäck</i> (literally Christmas bakery products), which includes sweet and spicy foods like <i><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Weihnachts-/Christstollen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lebkuchen" title="Lebkuchen">Lebkuchen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">Spekulatius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Marzipan#Western_and_Central_Europe" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookie" title="Christmas cookie">Weihnachtsplätzchen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vanillekipferl" title="Vanillekipferl">Vanillekipferl</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zimtstern" title="Zimtstern">Zimtsterne</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dominostein" title="Dominostein">Dominosteine</a></i>. German supermarkets also sell these products during this period. Another popular confectioneries are <i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">Crêpe</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Potato_pancake" title="Potato pancake">Reibekuchen</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">Eier-/Pfannkuchen</a></i>, which are sold in <a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Christmas markets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bread">Bread</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bread"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a> (<i>Brot</i>) is a significant part of German cuisine, with the largest bread diversity in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-MB_N_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MB_N-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 3,000 types of breads<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1,200 different types of pastries and rolls<sup id="cite_ref-Moeller_Huth_Hoecherl-Alden_Berger_2012_p._138_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moeller_Huth_Hoecherl-Alden_Berger_2012_p._138-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are produced in about 13,000 bakeries.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mischbrot-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mischbrot-1.jpg/220px-Mischbrot-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mischbrot-1.jpg/330px-Mischbrot-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mischbrot-1.jpg/440px-Mischbrot-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><i>Roggenmischbrot</i>, also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Mischbrot" title="Mischbrot">Mischbrot</a></i> for short, one of the most typical German breads</figcaption></figure> <p>Bread is served usually for breakfast (often replaced by bread rolls) and in the evening as (open) sandwiches, but rarely as a side dish for the main meal (popular, for example, with <i><a href="/wiki/Eintopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Eintopf">Eintopf</a></i> or soup). The importance of bread in German cuisine is also illustrated by words such as <i>Abendbrot</i> (meaning supper, literally evening bread) and <i><a href="/wiki/Brotzeit" title="Brotzeit">Brotzeit</a></i> (snack, literally bread time). In fact, one of the major complaints of the German <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a> in many parts of the world is their inability to find acceptable local breads.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Regarding <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a>, German cuisine is more varied than that of any other culture.<sup id="cite_ref-MB_N_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MB_N-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bread types range from white <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> bread (<i>Weißbrot</i>) to grey (<i>Graubrot</i>) to black (<i>Schwarzbrot</i>), actually dark brown <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> bread.<sup id="cite_ref-Naples_Daily_News_2017_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naples_Daily_News_2017-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-League_1908_p._458_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-League_1908_p._458-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some breads contain both wheat and rye flour (hence <i><a href="/wiki/Mischbrot" title="Mischbrot">Mischbrot</a></i>, mixed bread),<sup id="cite_ref-League_1908_p._458_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-League_1908_p._458-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and often also wholemeal and whole seeds such as <a href="/wiki/Linseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Linseed">linseed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seed</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a> seed (<i>Vollkornbrot</i>). Darker, rye-dominated breads, such as <i>Vollkornbrot</i> or <i>Schwarzbrot</i>, are typical of German cuisine. <i><a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel" title="Pumpernickel">Pumpernickel</a></i>, sweet-tasting bread created by long-time-steaming instead of regular baking, is internationally well known, although not representative of German black bread as a whole. Most German breads are made with <a href="/wiki/Sourdough" title="Sourdough">sourdough</a>. Whole grain is also preferred for high fiber. Germans use almost all available types of grain for their breads: wheat, rye, barley, <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a>, oats, millet, corn and rice. Some breads are even made with <a href="/wiki/Potato_starch_flour" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato starch flour">potato starch flour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many breads are <a href="/wiki/Multigrain_bread" title="Multigrain bread">multigrain breads</a>. </p><p>Among Germany's most popular breads are <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a> (<i>Dinkelbrot</i>), rye (<i>Roggenbrot</i>), rye-wheat (<i>Roggen<a href="/wiki/Mischbrot" title="Mischbrot">mischbrot</a></i>), wheat-rye (<i>Weizenmischbrot</i>), wheat (<i>Weißbrot</i>), <a href="/wiki/Toast_(food)" title="Toast (food)">toast</a> (<i>Toastbrot</i>), whole-grain (<i>Vollkornbrot</i>), wheat-rye-oats with sesame or linseed (<i>Mehrkornbrot</i>), sunflower seeds in dark <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a> (<i>Sonnenblumenkernbrot</i>), pumpkin seeds in dark rye bread (<i>Kürbiskernbrot</i>), <a href="/wiki/Potato_bread" title="Potato bread">potato bread</a> (<i>Kartoffelbrot</i>) and roasted onions in light wheat-rye bread (<i>Zwiebelbrot</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bread_rolls">Bread rolls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bread rolls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korb_mit_Br%C3%B6tchen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Korb_mit_Br%C3%B6tchen.JPG/220px-Korb_mit_Br%C3%B6tchen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Korb_mit_Br%C3%B6tchen.JPG/330px-Korb_mit_Br%C3%B6tchen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Korb_mit_Br%C3%B6tchen.JPG/440px-Korb_mit_Br%C3%B6tchen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Assortment of German rolls</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bread_roll" title="Bread roll">Bread rolls</a>, known in Germany as <i>Brötchen</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a diminutive of <i>Brot</i>, with regional linguistic varieties being <i>Semmel</i> (in South Germany), <i>Schrippe</i> (especially in Berlin), <i>Rundstück</i> (in the North and Hamburg) or <i>Wecken</i>, <i>Weck</i>, <i>Weckle</i>, <i>Weckli</i> and <i>Weckla</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, Switzerland, parts of Southern <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> and northern Bavaria), are common in German cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical serving is a roll cut in half, and spread with butter or margarine.<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss_Pick_2016_p._170_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss_Pick_2016_p._170-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheese, honey, jam, <a href="/wiki/Nutella" title="Nutella">Nutella</a>, cold cuts such as ham,<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss_Pick_2016_p._170_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss_Pick_2016_p._170-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fish, or preserves are then placed between the two halves, or on each half separately, known as a <i>belegtes Brötchen</i>. </p><p>Rolls are also used for snacks, or as a hotdog-style roll for <i><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a>, Brätel, <a href="/wiki/Fleischk%C3%A4se" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleischkäse">Fleischkäse</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Schwenker" title="Schwenker">Schwenker</a></i>/<i>Schwenkbraten</i>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Franzbr%C3%B6tchen" title="Franzbrötchen">Franzbrötchen</a></i>, which originated in the area of Hamburg, is a small, sweet pastry roll baked with butter and cinnamon.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beverages">Beverages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcoholic_drinks">Alcoholic drinks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Alcoholic drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">German wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Germany" title="Beer in Germany">Beer in Germany</a></div><p><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a> is very common throughout all parts of Germany, with many local and regional breweries producing a wide variety of beers.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuller_2005_p._195_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuller_2005_p._195-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">pale lager</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilsner" title="Pilsner">pilsner</a>, a style developed in the mid-19th century, is predominant in most parts of the country today, whereas <a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">wheat beer</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fbier" class="mw-redirect" title="Weißbier">Weißbier</a></i>/<i>Weizen</i>) and other types of <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lager</a> are common, especially in Bavaria. A number of regions have local specialties, many of which, like <i>Weißbier</i>, are more traditionally brewed <a href="/wiki/Ale#German_ales" title="Ale">ales</a>. Among these are <i><a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Altbier</a></i>, a dark beer available around Düsseldorf and the lower Rhine, <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(beer)" title="Kölsch (beer)">Kölsch</a></i>, a similar style, but light in color, in the Cologne area, and the low-alcohol <i><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Weisse" title="Berliner Weisse">Berliner Weiße</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Sour_beer" title="Sour beer">sour beer</a> made in Berlin that is often mixed with raspberry or woodruff syrup. Since the reunification of 1990, <i><a href="/wiki/Schwarzbier" title="Schwarzbier">Schwarzbier</a></i>, which was common in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, but could hardly be found in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, has become increasingly popular in Germany as a whole. Beer may also be mixed with other beverages such as pils or lager and carbonated lemonade: <i><a href="/wiki/Radler" class="mw-redirect" title="Radler">Radler</a></i> (lit: cyclist), <i>Alsterwasser</i> (lit: water from the river <a href="/wiki/Alster" title="Alster">Alster</a>). </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheingaufloete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rheingaufloete.jpg/115px-Rheingaufloete.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rheingaufloete.jpg/173px-Rheingaufloete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rheingaufloete.jpg/230px-Rheingaufloete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="2537" /></a><figcaption>German <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since a beer tax law was changed in 1993, many breweries served this trend of mixing beer with other drinks by selling bottles of pre-mixed beverages. Examples are <i>Bibob</i> (by <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6stritzer" title="Köstritzer">Köstritzer</a>), <i>Veltins V+</i>, <i>Mixery</i> (by Karlsberg), Dimix (by <a href="/wiki/Diebels" title="Diebels">Diebels</a>) and <i>Cab</i> (by <a href="/wiki/Krombacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Krombacher">Krombacher</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a> is also popular in Germany. It is called <i>Most</i> or <i>Ebbelwoi</i>. In Hessen, people drink it from a traditional type of pitcher called a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bembel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bembel (page does not exist)">Bembel</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a> is also popular throughout the country. <a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">German wine</a> comes predominantly from the areas along the upper and middle <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and its tributaries. <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silvaner" title="Silvaner">Silvaner</a> are among the best-known varieties of white wine, while <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Spätburgunder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dornfelder" title="Dornfelder">Dornfelder</a> are important German red wines. The sweet German wines sold in English-speaking countries seem mostly to cater to the foreign market, as they are rare in Germany. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></i>, a German spirit made from malt (wheat, rye or barley), is consumed predominantly in the middle and northern parts of Germany. <i>Obstler</i>, on the other hand, distilled from apples and pears, plums, cherries (<i><a href="/wiki/Kirschwasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirschwasser">Kirschwasser</a></i>), or mirabelle plums, is preferred in the southern parts. The term <i>Schnaps</i> refers to both kinds of hard liquors. </p><p>All cold drinks in bars and restaurants are sold in glasses with a calibration mark (<i>Eichstrich</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that is frequently checked by the <i>Eichamt</i> (~ Bureau of Weights and Measures) to ensure the guest is getting as much as is offered in the menu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-alcoholic_drinks">Non-alcoholic drinks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Non-alcoholic drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a> is very common,<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_2017_p._65_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_2017_p._65-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not only for breakfast, but also accompanying a piece of cake (<i>Kaffee und Kuchen</i>) in the afternoon, usually on Sundays or special occasions and birthdays. It is generally <a href="/wiki/Drip_brew" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip brew">filter coffee</a>, which is weaker than <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">espresso</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Coffeeshops</a> are also very common in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Bekker_2005_p._28_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekker_2005_p._28-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a> is more common in the northwest. East Frisians traditionally have their tea with cream and rock candy (<i>Kluntje</i>). Germany has the tenth highest per capita coffee consumption worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selters.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Selters.JPG/115px-Selters.JPG" decoding="async" width="115" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Selters.JPG/173px-Selters.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Selters.JPG/230px-Selters.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>German <a href="/wiki/Selters" title="Selters">Selters</a>, a typical German carbonated <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral water</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Schweppe" title="Johann Jacob Schweppe">Johann Jacob Schweppe</a> was a German-Swiss watchmaker and amateur scientist, who developed the first practical process to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_water" title="Carbonated water">bottled carbonated mineral water</a> and began selling the world's first soft drink<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under his company <a href="/wiki/Schweppes" title="Schweppes">Schweppes</a>. Popular soft drinks include <i><a href="/wiki/Schorle" title="Schorle">Schorle</a></i>, juice or wine mixed with sparkling mineral water, with <i><a href="/wiki/Apfelschorle" title="Apfelschorle">Apfelschorle</a></i> being popular all over Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spezi" title="Spezi">Spezi</a></i>, made with cola and an orange-flavored drink such as <a href="/wiki/Fanta" title="Fanta">Fanta</a>. Germans are unique among their neighbors in preferring <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">bottled</a>, carbonated <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral water</a>, either plain (<i>Sprudel</i>) or flavored (usually lemon) to noncarbonated ones. </p><p>Drinking water of excellent quality is available everywhere and at any time in Germany. Water provided by the <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">public water utilities</a> can be had without hesitation directly from the tap. Usually, no chlorine is added. Drinking water is controlled by state authority to ensure it is potable. Regulations are even stricter than those for bottled water (see <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinkwasserverordnung" class="extiw" title="de:Trinkwasserverordnung">Trinkwasserverordnung</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_cuisine">Regional cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Regional cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_dishes" title="List of German dishes">List of German dishes</a></div> <p>German regional cuisine can be divided into many varieties such as <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_cuisine" title="Bavarian cuisine">Bavarian cuisine</a> (southern Germany) or <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringian</a> (central Germany) and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_cuisine" title="Lower Saxon cuisine">Lower Saxon cuisine</a> (northern Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baden-Württemberg"><span id="Baden-W.C3.BCrttemberg"></span>Baden-Württemberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Baden-Württemberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Baden_cuisine" title="Baden cuisine">Baden cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swabian_cuisine" title="Swabian cuisine">Swabian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maultaschen_Kuckuck_Fellbach_Wein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Maultaschen_Kuckuck_Fellbach_Wein.jpg/220px-Maultaschen_Kuckuck_Fellbach_Wein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Maultaschen_Kuckuck_Fellbach_Wein.jpg/330px-Maultaschen_Kuckuck_Fellbach_Wein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Maultaschen_Kuckuck_Fellbach_Wein.jpg/440px-Maultaschen_Kuckuck_Fellbach_Wein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maultaschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Maultaschen">Maultaschen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>This southwest German state is divided into Baden and Swabia, whose cuisines are slightly different. Due to Baden's physiogeographical situation in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Plain" title="Upper Rhine Plain">Upper Rhine Plain</a>, with Germany's warmest <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> and fruitful <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic soil">volcanic soils</a>, it had good prerequisites to develop a high-quality <a href="/wiki/Gastronomy" title="Gastronomy">gastronomy</a>. Nationwide, this region features the highest density of star-rated restaurants; the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Baiersbronn" title="Baiersbronn">Baiersbronn</a> is especially well known for its fine-dining restaurants. Swabian cuisine tends to be heavier than Badish cuisine. Famous dishes of Baden-Württemberg are <a href="/wiki/Maultaschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Maultaschen">Maultaschen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tzle" title="Spätzle">Spätzle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Forest cake">Black Forest cake</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bavaria">Bavaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bavaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_cuisine" title="Bavarian cuisine">Bavarian cuisine</a></div><p>The Bavarian dukes, especially the <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a> family, developed Bavarian cuisine and refined it to be presentable to the royal court. This cuisine has belonged to wealthy households, especially in cities, since the 19th century. The (old) Bavarian cuisine is closely connected to <a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian cuisine</a> (especially from <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tyrol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>), mainly through the Wittelsbach and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> families. Already in the beginning, Bavarians were closely connected to their neighbours in Austria through linguistic, cultural and political similarities, which also reflected on the cuisine. </p><p>A characteristic Bavarian cuisine was further developed by both groups, with a distinct similarity to <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabian</a> cuisine. A Bavarian speciality is the <a href="/wiki/Brotzeit" title="Brotzeit">Brotzeit</a>, a savoury snack, which would originally be eaten between breakfast and lunch. </p><p>Bavaria is a part of Southeastern Germany, including the city of Munich and spreading to Germany's borders with Austria and the Czech Republic. The region is located at higher elevations, and is known for yielding beet and potato crops and also for the production of fine beers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franconia">Franconia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Franconia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Franconian_cuisine" title="Franconian cuisine">Franconian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01_Sch%C3%A4ufele_und_Kn%C3%B6del.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/01_Sch%C3%A4ufele_und_Kn%C3%B6del.jpg/220px-01_Sch%C3%A4ufele_und_Kn%C3%B6del.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/01_Sch%C3%A4ufele_und_Kn%C3%B6del.jpg/330px-01_Sch%C3%A4ufele_und_Kn%C3%B6del.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/01_Sch%C3%A4ufele_und_Kn%C3%B6del.jpg/440px-01_Sch%C3%A4ufele_und_Kn%C3%B6del.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Schäufele und Klöße</figcaption></figure> <p>Franconia, a major region consisting roughly of the northern half of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, has its own distinct cuisine, so distinct in fact that there is said to be a "White Sausage Equator" (<i><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fwurst%C3%A4quator" title="Weißwurstäquator">Weißwurstäquator</a></i>) that separates Franconia from the rest of Bavaria. This is a reference to the fact that those north of the Weißwurstequator do not generally eat the popular <a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fwurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Weißwurst">Weißwurst</a> common in southern <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. A characteristic of Franconian food would include gravies (Soßen), food derived from potatoes, various meats, and, of course, bread. Franconia is well known throughout Germany for its heavy foods covered in gravy. A good example of Franconian food would be <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%A4ufele" title="Schäufele">Schäufele</a> and Klöße, which is a pork shoulder served with traditional potato dumplings (Klöße or Knödel) covered in a gravy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamburg">Hamburg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Hamburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamburg_steak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hamburg_steak.jpg/220px-Hamburg_steak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hamburg_steak.jpg/330px-Hamburg_steak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hamburg_steak.jpg/440px-Hamburg_steak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a> has been known as "<a href="/wiki/Frikadeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Frikadeller">Frikadelle</a>" in Germany since the 17th century and is believed to be a precursor to the modern <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">Hamburger</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hamburg" title="Cuisine of Hamburg">Cuisine of Hamburg</a></div><p>Due to its centuries-old history as a harbour town, the traditional cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> is very diversified and sapid as the supply of ingredients was safe. Until the 20th century, it was predominantly characterized by the extensive choice of different kinds of <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> from the river <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> and the quick access to both the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, both being roughly 100 kilometers away from the city center. The neighboring regions supplied the city state with fresh <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> came mainly from a region called <a href="/wiki/Altes_Land" title="Altes Land">Altes Land</a> just southwest of Hamburg and until <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>, the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmsburg,_Hamburg" title="Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg">Wilhelmsburg</a> was considered the ‘milk isle’ of Hamburg. </p><p>International trade made <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a> and exotic food items from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> available since the 16th century, and these were soon incorporated into civic kitchens. From this basis, the cuisine of Hamburg developed its current characteristics thanks to the supraregional harmonization of the Northern German and Scandinavian cuisine. Due to its high economic importance, Hamburg features many internationally recognized gourmet restaurants: 11 of them were awarded a <a href="/wiki/Michelin_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin star">Michelin star</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_Saxony">Lower Saxony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Lower Saxony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_cuisine" title="Lower Saxon cuisine">Lower Saxon cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gruenkohlgericht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gruenkohlgericht.jpg/220px-Gruenkohlgericht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gruenkohlgericht.jpg/330px-Gruenkohlgericht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gruenkohlgericht.jpg/440px-Gruenkohlgericht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Grünkohl dish with <i><a href="/wiki/Pinkel" title="Pinkel">Pinkel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kassler" title="Kassler">Kassler</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Speck" title="Speck">Speck</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Lower Saxon cuisine (German: <i lang="de">Niedersächsische Küche</i>) covers a range of regional, North German culinary traditions from the region correspondingly broadly to the state of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, which in many cases are very similar to one another, for example cuisine from the areas of <a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(Oldenburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldenburg (Oldenburg)">Oldenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a>, or <a href="/wiki/East_Frisia" title="East Frisia">East Frisia</a>. </p><p>It is mainly indigenous and in some cases very hearty, with many cultural dishes including poultry, venison, turkey, and vegetables. Many other recipes also include potatoes, asparagus and North Sea fish, all of which are harvested in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pomerania">Pomerania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Pomerania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_cuisine" title="Pomeranian cuisine">Pomeranian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herring_with_sour_cream_and_onion_and_fried_potato.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Herring_with_sour_cream_and_onion_and_fried_potato.jpg/220px-Herring_with_sour_cream_and_onion_and_fried_potato.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Herring_with_sour_cream_and_onion_and_fried_potato.jpg/330px-Herring_with_sour_cream_and_onion_and_fried_potato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Herring_with_sour_cream_and_onion_and_fried_potato.jpg/440px-Herring_with_sour_cream_and_onion_and_fried_potato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2839" data-file-height="1987" /></a><figcaption>Pomeranian cuisine is famous for its great variety of fish dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_dishes#Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="List of German dishes">Sahnehering</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pomeranian cuisine generally refers to dishes typical of the area that once formed the historic <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Province of Pomerania</a> in northeast Germany and which included <a href="/wiki/Stettin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stettin">Stettin</a> (now Szczecin) and <a href="/wiki/Further_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Further Pomerania">Further Pomerania</a>. It is characterised by ingredients produced by Pomeranian farms, such as <a href="/wiki/Swede_(vegetable)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swede (vegetable)">swede</a> (<i>Wruken</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a>, by poultry rearing, which has produced the famous <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_goose" title="Pomeranian goose">Pomeranian goose</a>, by the wealth of fish in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, rivers and inland lakes of the <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Lake_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranian Lake District">Pomeranian Lake District</a>, and the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">quarry</a> in Pomeranian forests. Pomeranian cuisine is hearty. Several foodstuffs have a particularly important role to play here in the region: potatoes, known as <i>Tüften</i>, prepared in various ways and whose significance is evinced by the existence of a West Pomeranian Potato Museum (<i>Vorpommersches Kartoffelmuseum</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnkohl" class="mw-redirect" title="Grünkohl">Grünkohl</a></i> and sweet and sour dishes produced, for example, by baking fruit. </p><p>Pomeranian farmers were self-sufficient: crops were stored until the following harvest, meat products were preserved in the smoke store of the home, or in the <a href="/wiki/Smokeries" class="mw-redirect" title="Smokeries">smokeries</a> of larger villages such as Schlawin. Fruit, vegetables, lard and <i>Gänseflomen</i> were preserved by bottling in jars. Syrup was made from the sugar beet itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hessen">Hessen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Hessen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hessian_cuisine" title="Hessian cuisine">Hessian cuisine</a></div> <p>Typical for Hessen are <i>Frankfurter Rippchen</i>, a spiked <a href="/wiki/Pork_cutlet" title="Pork cutlet">pork cutlet</a>, which is often served with <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashed_potato" title="Mashed potato">mashed potatoes</a>. </p><p>Also from Hessen comes the <a href="/wiki/Green_sauce" title="Green sauce">Frankfurt green sauce</a> (<i>"Grüne Sauce</i>"). It is a cold sauce based on sour cream with the local herbs borage, chervil, cress, parsley, pimpinelle, sorrel and chives. The start of the season is traditionally <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a> (<i>"Gründonnerstag"</i>; which means <i>"green Thursday"</i> in German). Green sauce is mostly served with potatoes and boiled eggs. </p><p>One of the best-known specialties from Hesse is the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kranz" title="Frankfurter Kranz">Frankfurter Kranz</a>, a buttercream cake whose shape is reminiscent of a crown, a reminiscence of Frankfurt as the historical coronation city of the <a href="/wiki/German_Emperor" title="German Emperor">German emperors</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a> (<i>"Apfelwein"</i> in German, or <i>"Äppelwoi"</i> in the Hessian dialect) is also very popular in and around Frankfurt. In the historic district <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a> there is the so-called Cider Quarter (<i>"Äppelwoiviertel"</i>), where there are numerous taverns that offer cider, especially in the summer months. In the cider taverns, <i><a href="/wiki/Handk%C3%A4se" title="Handkäse">"Handkäs mit Musik"</a></i> is offered as a snack, a <a href="/wiki/Sour_milk_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Sour milk cheese">sour milk cheese</a> served in a <a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">marinade</a> of onions, vinegar and spices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatinate/Pfalz"><span id="Palatinate.2FPfalz"></span>Palatinate/Pfalz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Palatinate/Pfalz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palatine_cuisine" title="Palatine cuisine">Palatine cuisine</a></div><p>The kitchen of the Palatinate, a region in the south of Rhineland-Palatinate, is largely determined by regional dishes. They are sometimes quite hearty, not least because the cooking recipes were sometimes developed in times of need or in the context of heavy physical work. </p><p>Probably the best-known dish is the <a href="/wiki/Saumagen" title="Saumagen">Pfälzer Saumagen</a>, a pork <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> stuffed with sausage meat, bacon, potatoes and spices. The dish became famous as the favorite meal of Federal Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>, who especially enjoyed serving this dish at state receptions. </p><p>In the Palatinate, the salty-crust <a href="/wiki/Dampfnudel" title="Dampfnudel">Dampfnudel</a> is a traditional main dish, either with sweet side dishes (for example wine sauce, <a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">custard</a> or boiled fruit such as plums, pears or the like) or with salty side dishes (for example potato soup, vegetable soups, <a href="/wiki/Goulash" title="Goulash">goulash</a> or pork) is eaten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thuringia">Thuringia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Thuringia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Thuringian_cuisine" title="Category:Thuringian cuisine">Category:Thuringian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%BCringer_Rostbr%C3%A4tel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Th%C3%BCringer_Rostbr%C3%A4tel.JPG/220px-Th%C3%BCringer_Rostbr%C3%A4tel.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Th%C3%BCringer_Rostbr%C3%A4tel.JPG/330px-Th%C3%BCringer_Rostbr%C3%A4tel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Th%C3%BCringer_Rostbr%C3%A4tel.JPG/440px-Th%C3%BCringer_Rostbr%C3%A4tel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Thuringian marinated cutlet of pork (Rostbrätel) with pan fried potatoes</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapes">grapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarbeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugarbeet">sugarbeets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> grow well, along with a variety of vegetables, which grow near <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, the state's capital. <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">Cauliflower</a> [300 hectares (740 acres)], <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> (savoy, red, white) [10 ha (25 acres)], <a href="/wiki/Kohlrabi" title="Kohlrabi">kohlrabi</a> [15 ha (37 acres)], and <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a> [15 ha (37 acres)] grow by traditional means near Erfurt. <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad bean">broad beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumbers</a> are grown in the eastern portion of the region near <a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a> under glass centers on about 5 ha (12 acres) of land. Thuringia is the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herb</a>-growing region in Germany; the town of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lleda" title="Kölleda">Kölleda</a> was once considered the "<a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">peppermint</a> town", where herb growers used to congregate to study herb cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One-third of Thuringia is covered in forest, and is considered to be one of the best game-hunting regions in Germany. Anyone holding a valid hunting license<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a local hunting permit for the area may hunt for game such as <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duck (food)">duck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mouflon" title="Mouflon">mouflon</a> (mountain sheep). <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">Pheasant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capercaillie" class="mw-redirect" title="Capercaillie">capercaillie</a> are protected game species that may not be hunted. The wooded areas also contain a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">edible mushrooms</a>, such as chestnut mushrooms, <a href="/wiki/Porcini" class="mw-redirect" title="Porcini">porcini</a>, and chanterelles, along with wild berries, such as <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingonberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingonberry">lingonberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a>, which are all traditional accompaniments to game dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most famous foods from Thuringia are <a href="/wiki/Thuringian_sausage" title="Thuringian sausage">Thuringian sausages</a> and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BCringer_Kl%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" class="extiw" title="de:Thüringer Klöße">Thuringian dumplings</a>. The state is also known for its <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausages</a>; steamed, scaled, and cured varieties are all prepared. Popular varieties include Thüringer <i><a href="/wiki/Mettwurst" title="Mettwurst">Mettwurst</a></i> (a spreadable cured sausage), <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eichsfelder_Feldgieker" class="extiw" title="de:Eichsfelder Feldgieker">Feldkieker</a></i> (a cured, air-dried sausage dried up to eight months), Thüringer <i><a href="/wiki/Leberwurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Leberwurst">Leberwurst</a></i> (a steamed pork and liver sausage), Thüringer <i><a href="/wiki/Rotwurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotwurst">Rotwurst</a></i> (a steamed blood sausage packed in a bladder or other natural casing)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mett" title="Mett">Mett</a></i> (minced pork). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saxony">Saxony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Saxony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Saxon_cuisine" title="Saxon cuisine">Saxon cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountain_cuisine" title="Ore Mountain cuisine">Ore Mountain cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A4chsische_Kartoffelsuppe,_Alte_Apotheke,_Altk%C3%B6tzschenbroda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/S%C3%A4chsische_Kartoffelsuppe%2C_Alte_Apotheke%2C_Altk%C3%B6tzschenbroda.jpg/220px-S%C3%A4chsische_Kartoffelsuppe%2C_Alte_Apotheke%2C_Altk%C3%B6tzschenbroda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/S%C3%A4chsische_Kartoffelsuppe%2C_Alte_Apotheke%2C_Altk%C3%B6tzschenbroda.jpg/330px-S%C3%A4chsische_Kartoffelsuppe%2C_Alte_Apotheke%2C_Altk%C3%B6tzschenbroda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/S%C3%A4chsische_Kartoffelsuppe%2C_Alte_Apotheke%2C_Altk%C3%B6tzschenbroda.jpg/440px-S%C3%A4chsische_Kartoffelsuppe%2C_Alte_Apotheke%2C_Altk%C3%B6tzschenbroda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Sächsische Kartoffelsuppe (potato soup)</figcaption></figure> <p>In general the cuisine is very hearty and features many peculiarities of central Germany such as a great variety of <a href="/wiki/Sauce" title="Sauce">sauces</a> which accompany the <a href="/wiki/Main_dish" class="mw-redirect" title="Main dish">main dish</a> and the fashion to serve <i>Klöße</i> or <a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%B6del" title="Knödel">Knödel</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">side dish</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>. A typical meal is Sächsischer <a href="/wiki/Sauerbraten" title="Sauerbraten">Sauerbraten</a>. Also much <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">freshwater fish</a> is used in Saxon cuisine, particularly <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a> as is the case throughout <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. </p><p>The rich history of the region did and still does influence the cuisine. In the blossoming and growing cities of <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> an extravagant style of cuisine is cherished (one may only think of the <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crab</a> as an ingredient in the famous <a href="/wiki/Leipziger_Allerlei" title="Leipziger Allerlei">Leipziger Allerlei</a>). In other, impoverished regions where the people had to work hard to yield some harvest (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountains" title="Ore Mountains">Ore Mountains</a>), peasant dishes play a major role; famous dishes originating from there include <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Quark_(dairy_product)" title="Quark (dairy product)">Quark</a>, potato soup or potato with <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">linseed oil</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Vogtland" title="Vogtland">Vogtland</a> region, where the peasants were wealthier, the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Sunday_roast" title="Sunday roast">Sunday roast</a> remains to this day. Typical sweets at Christmas are Pulsnitzer Lebkuchen, Dresdner or Erzgebirgsstollen and Liegnitzer Bombe. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cereal_grain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereal grain">Cereal grain</a> cultivation occupies 62% of the cultivated land in <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> are grown, with the rye being grown near <a href="/wiki/Borde" class="mw-redirect" title="Borde">Borde</a>, where it is used to make <i><a href="/wiki/Crisp_bread" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisp bread">Burger Knäckebrot</a></i>, a flatbread produced there since 1931. Another 10% of the cultivated area is planted in <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beets</a> for conversion to sugar, popularized after the 19th century, when the region had an economic boom.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_influences">International influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: International influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">German diaspora</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsche Auswanderung</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the German diaspora in the world</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 70 million</span> worldwide<sup id="cite_ref-askanews_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askanews-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/German_Brazilians" title="German Brazilians">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Argentines" title="German Argentines">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_France" title="Germans in France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Colombian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Colombian">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Canadians" title="German Canadians">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Peruvians" title="German Peruvians">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Uruguayans" title="German Uruguayans">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Australians" title="German Australians">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Venezuelans" title="German Venezuelans">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_immigration_to_Switzerland" title="German immigration to Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Germans in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Chileans" title="German Chileans">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Paraguayans" title="German Paraguayans">Paraguay</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany" title="Languages of Germany">languages of Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (predominantly <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/European_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="European diaspora">European diaspora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_cuisine_in_other_countries">German cuisine in other countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: German cuisine in other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/German_Brazilians#Food_and_beverage" title="German Brazilians">German-Brazil cuisine</a> brought new types of food and beverage in Brazil or reinforced their utilizations by Brazilians. The <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> culture in Brazil arrived by German immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kuchen" title="Kuchen">Kuchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">Sauerkraut</a> (known in Portuguese as <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_terms_used_for_Germans" title="List of terms used for Germans">chucrute</a></i>, is also used as derogatory term to designate Germans, and people of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> origin or descent in general), <a href="/wiki/Eisbein" title="Eisbein">Eisbein</a>, new types of sausage and vegetables are some examples of food introduced in Brazil by the immigrants. In Curitiba, sausage are commonly known as <b>vina</b>, from the German <i>Wiener</i> (Wiener Würstchen). In Southern Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">Fruit preserves</a> are known as <b>chimia</b>, from the German <i>Schmier</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Chopp</b> or <b>Chope</b> (from German <i>Schoppen</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a> is the word for <a href="/wiki/Draught_beer" title="Draught beer">draught beer</a> or just <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> is the most consumed beverage in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition of brewing in Brazil dates back to German immigration in the early 19th century. The first breweries date from the 1830s, although the brand <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Brazil" title="Beer in Brazil">Bohemia</a> is claimed to be the first Brazilian beer, with production starting in 1853 in the city of <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B3polis" title="Petrópolis">Petrópolis</a> founded by the German-Brazilian Henrique Kremer. In 1913 there were 134 breweries in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brahma_(beer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahma (beer)">Brahma</a> was founded in 1888 in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> by the Swiss immigrant Joseph Villiger. Antarctica (Companhia Antarctica Paulista) was founded in the same year by the Brazilian Joaquim Salles and the German immigrant Louis Bücher in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>. In 1999 the two brands merged creating <a href="/wiki/AmBev" class="mw-redirect" title="AmBev">AmBev</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/German_Argentines#German_impact_on_culture_in_Argentina" title="German Argentines">German-Argentinien cuisine</a> is a noticeable part of Argentine cuisine; the "Achtzig Schlag" cake, which was translated as <i>Torta Ochenta Golpes</i> in the country, can be found in some bakeries. In addition, dishes like chucrut (<a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a>) and many different kinds of sausage-like <a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">bratwurst</a> and others have also made it into mainstream Argentine cuisine. </p><p><a href="/wiki/German-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Americans">German-Americans</a> introduced popular foods such as <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburgers</a> to America.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also introduced America to <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lager</a>, the most-produced beer style in the United States, and have been the dominant ethnic group in the beer industry since 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-Conzen_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conzen-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German founded <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao Brewery</a> is China's second largest <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">brewery</a>, with about 15% of domestic market share and also accounts for half of China's national beer exports.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_of_immigration_to_German_cuisine">Influence of immigration to German cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Influence of immigration to German cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elements of international cuisine (apart from influences from neighbouring countries) are a relatively recent phenomenon in German cuisine, compared with other West European states. <a href="/wiki/Colonial_goods_store" title="Colonial goods store">Colonial goods shops</a> spread only in the 19th and early 20th centuries and brought luxury goods like cocoa, coconuts, rare exotic spices, coffee and (non-herbal) tea to a wider audience. </p><p>The first wave of foreigners coming to Germany specifically to sell their food specialties were ice cream makers from northern Italy, who started to arrive in noticeable numbers during the late 1920s. With the post-World War II contacts with Allied occupation troops, and especially with the influx of more and more foreign workers that began during the second half of the 1950s, many foreign dishes have been adopted into German cuisine — <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">spaghetti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a>, have become staples of the German diet.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuetzenadel_Trentmann_2008_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuetzenadel_Trentmann_2008-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, there were around 9,000 pizzerias and 7,000 Italian restaurants in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuetzenadel_Trentmann_2008_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuetzenadel_Trentmann_2008-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pizza is Germany's favourite fast food.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">Turkish immigrants</a> have introduced <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish foods</a> to Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-Light_Rosenstein_p._111_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Light_Rosenstein_p._111-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nuetzenadel_Trentmann_2008_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuetzenadel_Trentmann_2008-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notably <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Döner kebab">döner kebab</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lentz_1999_p._263_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lentz_1999_p._263-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EC_2017_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC_2017-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2017, it was estimated that 1,500 döner kebab shops were present in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and in circa 16,000 in whole Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-EC_2017_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC_2017-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tan_2013_p._148_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tan_2013_p._148-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">Sushi</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Gyros" title="Gyros">Gyros</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Mandel_2008_p._94_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandel_2008_p._94-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> restaurants and bars are also widespread in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Fodors_1998_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fodors_1998-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">Curry</a> dishes),<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a>, and other Asian cuisines are rapidly gaining in popularity since the early 2000s. Until the late 1990s many of the more expensive restaurants served mostly French inspired dishes for decades. Since the end of the 1990s, they have been shifting to a more refined form of German cuisine. </p><p>Before 1990, the cuisine from <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> (1949–1990) was influenced by those of other nations within the former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Communist bloc</a>. East Germans traveled abroad to these countries on holiday (and vice versa as well), and soldiers coming to East Germany from these countries brought their dishes with them. A typical dish that came to the East German kitchen this way is <a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Soljanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Soljanka">Soljanka</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_industry">Food industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Food industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Germany is the third largest agricultural producer in the European Union<sup id="cite_ref-Ibp_2009_p._29_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibp_2009_p._29-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the third largest agricultural exporter in the world. In 2013, German food exports were worth around EUR 66 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several food products are internationally known brands.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_Hoffmann_2006_p._145_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_Hoffmann_2006_p._145-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schwarz_Gruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwarz Gruppe">Schwarz Gruppe</a> are Europe's largest retailers.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gummi_Bears_in_Action_55.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gummy bears"><img alt="Gummy bears" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gummi_Bears_in_Action_55.JPG/233px-Gummi_Bears_in_Action_55.JPG" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gummi_Bears_in_Action_55.JPG/349px-Gummi_Bears_in_Action_55.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gummi_Bears_in_Action_55.JPG/465px-Gummi_Bears_in_Action_55.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2948" data-file-height="2282" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gummy_bear" title="Gummy bear">Gummy bears</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%A4germeister.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jägermeister liqueur"><img alt="Jägermeister liqueur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/J%C3%A4germeister.jpg/219px-J%C3%A4germeister.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/J%C3%A4germeister.jpg/329px-J%C3%A4germeister.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/J%C3%A4germeister.jpg/438px-J%C3%A4germeister.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4germeister" title="Jägermeister">Jägermeister</a> <a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">liqueur</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinkelbrezelchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mini pretzels"><img alt="Mini pretzels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dinkelbrezelchen.jpg/222px-Dinkelbrezelchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dinkelbrezelchen.jpg/333px-Dinkelbrezelchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dinkelbrezelchen.jpg/443px-Dinkelbrezelchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mini <a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">pretzels</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 139.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 137.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritter_Sport_-_english.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ritter Sport Chocolate"><img alt="Ritter Sport Chocolate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ritter_Sport_-_english.png/206px-Ritter_Sport_-_english.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ritter_Sport_-_english.png/309px-Ritter_Sport_-_english.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ritter_Sport_-_english.png/412px-Ritter_Sport_-_english.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ritter_Sport" title="Ritter Sport">Ritter Sport Chocolate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Marzipan_L%C3%BCbecker_Vielfalt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lübecker Marzipan"><img alt="Lübecker Marzipan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/German_Marzipan_L%C3%BCbecker_Vielfalt.jpg/240px-German_Marzipan_L%C3%BCbecker_Vielfalt.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/German_Marzipan_L%C3%BCbecker_Vielfalt.jpg/360px-German_Marzipan_L%C3%BCbecker_Vielfalt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/German_Marzipan_L%C3%BCbecker_Vielfalt.jpg/480px-German_Marzipan_L%C3%BCbecker_Vielfalt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbecker_Marzipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lübecker Marzipan">Lübecker Marzipan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fanta_Klassik_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The original Fanta[117][118]"><img alt="The original Fanta[117][118]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fanta_Klassik_3.jpg/135px-Fanta_Klassik_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fanta_Klassik_3.jpg/202px-Fanta_Klassik_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fanta_Klassik_3.jpg/270px-Fanta_Klassik_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="3378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The original <a href="/wiki/Fanta" title="Fanta">Fanta</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pendergrast_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pendergrast-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 62px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 60px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprite_20oz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sprite[119]"><img alt="Sprite[119]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sprite_20oz.png/57px-Sprite_20oz.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sprite_20oz.png/86px-Sprite_20oz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sprite_20oz.png/115px-Sprite_20oz.png 2x" data-file-width="1603" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sprite_(drink)" title="Sprite (drink)">Sprite</a><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knoppers"><img alt="Knoppers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Knoppers.jpg/270px-Knoppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Knoppers.jpg/405px-Knoppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Knoppers.jpg/540px-Knoppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3353" data-file-height="2235" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Knoppers_(sweet_brand)" title="Knoppers (sweet brand)">Knoppers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Open_Bag_of_Werther%27s_Original.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Werther's Original"><img alt="Werther's Original" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/An_Open_Bag_of_Werther%27s_Original.jpg/270px-An_Open_Bag_of_Werther%27s_Original.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/An_Open_Bag_of_Werther%27s_Original.jpg/405px-An_Open_Bag_of_Werther%27s_Original.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/An_Open_Bag_of_Werther%27s_Original.jpg/540px-An_Open_Bag_of_Werther%27s_Original.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Werther%27s_Original" title="Werther's Original">Werther's Original</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_cheeses" title="List of German cheeses">List of German cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_dishes" title="List of German dishes">List of German dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_soups" title="List of German soups">List of German soups</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sevin_Sevin_2010_p._81-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sevin_Sevin_2010_p._81_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSevinSevin2010" class="citation book cs1">Sevin, D.; Sevin, I. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQgJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81"><i>Wie geht's?</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-133-16897-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-133-16897-3"><bdi>978-1-133-16897-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wie+geht%27s%3F&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-133-16897-3&rft.aulast=Sevin&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Sevin%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgQgJAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viamichelin.com/web/Restaurants/Restaurants-Germany">"Michelin Guide restaurants for Germany"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michelin+Guide+restaurants+for+Germany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viamichelin.com%2Fweb%2FRestaurants%2FRestaurants-Germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy" class="citation web cs1">McCarthy, Niall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2017/11/23/the-top-countries-for-michelin-3-star-restaurants-infographic/">"The Top Countries For Michelin 3-Star Restaurants [Infographic]"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Top+Countries+For+Michelin+3-Star+Restaurants+%5BInfographic%5D&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Niall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fniallmccarthy%2F2017%2F11%2F23%2Fthe-top-countries-for-michelin-3-star-restaurants-infographic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uLxOAAAAYAAJ"><i>New Home Economics</i></a>. 1988. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Home+Economics&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuLxOAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker_2014_p._64-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walker_2014_p._64_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2014" class="citation book cs1">Walker, I. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4GjTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT64"><i>Germany</i></a>. Major European Union Nations. Mason Crest. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4222-9267-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4222-9267-9"><bdi>978-1-4222-9267-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany&rft.series=Major+European+Union+Nations&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Mason+Crest&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4222-9267-9&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4GjTBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080307163116/http://www.foodfromgermany.org/consumer/facts/guidetosausages.cfm">Guide to German Sausages & Meat Products</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayes_Laudan_2009_p._471-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hayes_Laudan_2009_p._471_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayes_Laudan_2009_p._471_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayesLaudan2009" class="citation book cs1">Hayes, Dayle; Laudan, R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Cookbook%3A+The+Greatest+Recipes+from+Around+the+Globe%2C+2nd+Edition+%26%2391%3B4+Volumes%26%2393%3B%3A+The+Greatest+Recipes+from+Around+the+Globe&rft.pages=498&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-469-8&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Ashkenazi%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGmqEAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smalera_2014-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smalera_2014_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmalera2014" class="citation web cs1">Smalera, Paul (25 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/302158/heres-what-thanksgiving-would-look-like-around-the-world/">"Here's what Thanksgiving would look like around the world"</a>. <i>Quartz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germanylandlands00kath"><i>Germany – The People</i></a></span>. History Reference Center. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germanylandlands00kath/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7787-9373-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7787-9373-1"><bdi>978-0-7787-9373-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Pride%3A+101+Reasons+to+Be+Proud+You%27re+German&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Kensington+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8065-2481-8&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR2KJZyusCZoC%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacVeigh_2008_p._167-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacVeigh_2008_p._167_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacVeigh2008" class="citation book cs1">MacVeigh, J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g9KcADhDPqkC&pg=PA167"><i>International Cuisine</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-4965-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-4965-2"><bdi>978-1-4180-4965-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Cookbook%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Mastering+Authentic+German+Cooking&rft.pages=pt115&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-307-75457-8&rft.aulast=Sheraton&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DafjItI5Q9JMC%26pg%3DPT115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Travel_2016_p._505-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Travel_2016_p._505_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTravel2016" class="citation book cs1">Travel, DK (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CchrCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA505"><i>DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Germany</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coffee+Culture%3A+Local+Experiences%2C+Global+Connections&rft.series=Routledge+Series+for+Creative+Teaching+and+Learning+in+Anthropology&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-39225-5&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=C.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-i0lDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bekker_2005_p._28-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bekker_2005_p._28_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekker2005" class="citation book cs1">Bekker, H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>Schweppes was founded in 1783 [..] the world's first ever soft drink, Schweppes soda water, was born.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royalwarrant.org&rft.atitle=Schweppes+Holdings+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalwarrant.org%2Fcompany%2Fschweppes-holdings-limited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/10/the-great-soda-water-shake-up/380932/">"The great soda-water shake up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Forest+%28Rough+Guides+Snapshot+Germany%29&rft.pages=pt101&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-241-23481-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcuLtBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.food-links.com/countries/germany/german-regional-food-specialties.php">"German Regional Food Specialties."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.food-links.com">Food-links.com</a>. Accessed July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hamburg-magazin.de/gastl_bewertung.htm"><i>Hamburg wieder die Hochburg der Sterneköche</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526113706/http://www.hamburg-magazin.de/gastl_bewertung.htm">Archived</a> 26 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved, 12 February 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niedersachsen-tourism.com/interests/culinary-experience-in-lower-saxony/regional-specialities">"Regional Specialities - Food and Drink - Interests - Visit Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony)"</a>. <i>www.niedersachsen-tourism.com</i>. 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.niedersachsen-tourism.com&rft.atitle=Regional+Specialities+-+Food+and+Drink+-+Interests+-+Visit+Niedersachsen+%28Lower+Saxony%29&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niedersachsen-tourism.com%2Finterests%2Fculinary-experience-in-lower-saxony%2Fregional-specialities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metzger, 13,19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513031841/http://berlin.angloinfo.com/countries/germany/hunting.asp">"Hunting in Germany"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berlin.angloinfo.com/countries/germany/hunting.asp">the original</a> on 13 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hunting+in+Germany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberlin.angloinfo.com%2Fcountries%2Fgermany%2Fhunting.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metzger, 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metzger, 22–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metzger, 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-askanews-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-askanews_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.askanews.it/esteri/2020/02/04/sono-circa-80-milioni-gli-oriundi-italiani-nel-mondo-pn_20200204_00081/">"Sono circa 80 milioni gli oriundi italiani nel mondo"</a> (in Italian). 4 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sono+circa+80+milioni+gli+oriundi+italiani+nel+mondo&rft.date=2020-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.askanews.it%2Festeri%2F2020%2F02%2F04%2Fsono-circa-80-milioni-gli-oriundi-italiani-nel-mondo-pn_20200204_00081%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiele2020" class="citation web cs1">Thiele, Marlene (14 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/knowledge/mother-tongue-german-in-42-countries-around-the-world">"German around the world"</a>. <i>deutschland.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=deutschland.de&rft.atitle=German+around+the+world&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft.aulast=Thiele&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschland.de%2Fen%2Ftopic%2Fknowledge%2Fmother-tongue-german-in-42-countries-around-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/pt/brasil-alem%C3%A3o-comemora-180-anos/a-1274817">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Brasil alemão" comemora 180 anos – Brasil – DW.COM – 25.07.2004"</a>. <i>DW.COM</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160109032914/http://www.dw.com/pt/brasil-alem%C3%A3o-comemora-180-anos/a-1274817">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=%22Brasil+alem%C3%A3o%22+comemora+180+anos+%E2%80%93+Brasil+%E2%80%93+DW.COM+%E2%80%93+25.07.2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fpt%2Fbrasil-alem%25C3%25A3o-comemora-180-anos%2Fa-1274817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historiadoriso.com.br/ditados-girias/chimia.html">"CHIMIA"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217202610/http://historiadoriso.com.br/ditados-girias/chimia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHIMIA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoriadoriso.com.br%2Fditados-girias%2Fchimia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.choppkremer.com.br/blog/2013/10/chopp-x-cerveja-aprenda-as-principais-diferencas/">"Chopp X Cerveja: Aprenda as principais diferenças"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150826004050/http://www.choppkremer.com.br/blog/2013/10/chopp-x-cerveja-aprenda-as-principais-diferencas/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chopp+X+Cerveja%3A+Aprenda+as+principais+diferen%C3%A7as&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.choppkremer.com.br%2Fblog%2F2013%2F10%2Fchopp-x-cerveja-aprenda-as-principais-diferencas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgência_Brasil" class="citation web cs1">Agência Brasil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/vida-e-cidadania/aumenta-consumo-de-bebidas-alcoolicas-no-brasil-segundo-a-oms-dd5vy2zyewfc9guk6alh8v7f2">"Aumenta consumo de bebidas alcoólicas no Brasil, segundo a OMS"</a>. <i>Gazeta do Povo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307093212/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/vida-e-cidadania/aumenta-consumo-de-bebidas-alcoolicas-no-brasil-segundo-a-oms-dd5vy2zyewfc9guk6alh8v7f2">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazeta+do+Povo&rft.atitle=Aumenta+consumo+de+bebidas+alco%C3%B3licas+no+Brasil%2C+segundo+a+OMS&rft.au=Ag%C3%AAncia+Brasil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetadopovo.com.br%2Fvida-e-cidadania%2Faumenta-consumo-de-bebidas-alcoolicas-no-brasil-segundo-a-oms-dd5vy2zyewfc9guk6alh8v7f2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervejasdomundo.com/Brasil.htm">"Tudo Sobre Cerveja"</a>. CervejasDoMundo. 22 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902022649/http://www.cervejasdomundo.com/Brasil.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tudo+Sobre+Cerveja&rft.pub=CervejasDoMundo&rft.date=2006-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervejasdomundo.com%2FBrasil.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805083255/http://www.homeofthehamburger.org/history.html">"The Home of the Hamburger: History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeofthehamburger.org/history.html">the original</a> on 5 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Home+of+the+Hamburger%3A+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeofthehamburger.org%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conzen-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conzen_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConzen1980" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Conzen, Kathleen (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther">"Germans"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Thernstrom" title="Stephan Thernstrom">Thernstrom, Stephan</a>; Orlov, Ann; <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Handlin" title="Oscar Handlin">Handlin, Oscar</a> (eds.). <i>Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674375122" title="Special:BookSources/0674375122"><bdi>0674375122</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1038430174">1038430174</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germans&rft.btitle=Harvard+Encyclopedia+of+American+Ethnic+Groups&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1038430174&rft.isbn=0674375122&rft.aulast=Conzen&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharvardencyclope00ther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730185253/http://www.pghmannerchor.com/teutonia-mannerchor-friday-lunch-menu/">"Friday Lunch Menu | Teutonia Männerchor in Pittsburgh (Deutschtown), PA"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pghmannerchor.com/teutonia-mannerchor-friday-lunch-menu/">the original</a> on 30 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friday+Lunch+Menu+%26%23124%3B+Teutonia+M%C3%A4nnerchor+in+Pittsburgh+%28Deutschtown%29%2C+PA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pghmannerchor.com%2Fteutonia-mannerchor-friday-lunch-menu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcoholic Beverages in China - Industry Profile by datamonitor.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001602/http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/China%20Beer%20Market_Beijing%20ATO_China%20-%20Peoples%20Republic%20of_7-23-2010.pdf">"China Beer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/China%20Beer%20Market_Beijing%20ATO_China%20-%20Peoples%20Republic%20of_7-23-2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Beer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgain.fas.usda.gov%2FRecent%2520GAIN%2520Publications%2FChina%2520Beer%2520Market_Beijing%2520ATO_China%2520-%2520Peoples%2520Republic%2520of_7-23-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radii.co/article/tsingtao-german-settlers-china-beer">"How German Settlers in China Created One of the World's Most Consumed Beers — RADII"</a>. <i>Stories from the center of China’s youth culture</i>. 11 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ScmvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134"><i>Food and Globalization: Consumption, Markets and Politics in the Modern World</i></a>. Cultures of Consumption Series. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-459-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-459-6"><bdi>978-1-84788-459-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Transaction Publishers. pp. 111–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-202-36844-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-202-36844-3"><bdi>978-0-202-36844-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d7PcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA148"><i>Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora</i></a>. Routledge handbooks. Taylor & Francis. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-23096-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-23096-7"><bdi>978-1-136-23096-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+the+Chinese+Diaspora&rft.series=Routledge+handbooks&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-23096-7&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=C.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd7PcAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mandel_2008_p._94-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mandel_2008_p._94_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandel2008" class="citation book cs1">Mandel, R. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l9M3Y_W7jR0C&pg=PA94"><i>Cosmopolitan Anxieties: Turkish Challenges to Citizenship and Belonging in Germany</i></a>. Duke University Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4193-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4193-2"><bdi>978-0-8223-4193-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmopolitan+Anxieties%3A+Turkish+Challenges+to+Citizenship+and+Belonging+in+Germany&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4193-2&rft.aulast=Mandel&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl9M3Y_W7jR0C%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fodors_1998-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fodors_1998_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b5krAQAAMAAJ"><i>Fodor's ... Germany</i></a>. Fodor's Travel Publications. 1998. p. xxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780679034827" title="Special:BookSources/9780679034827"><bdi>9780679034827</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fodor%27s+...+Germany&rft.pages=xxi&rft.pub=Fodor%27s+Travel+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780679034827&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db5krAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/berlins-versatile-indian-restaurant-scene/a-41031681">"Berlin's versatile Indian restaurant scene - DW Travel - 24.10.2017"</a>. <i>DW.com</i>. 24 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.com&rft.atitle=Berlin%27s+versatile+Indian+restaurant+scene+-+DW+Travel+-+24.10.2017&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlins-versatile-indian-restaurant-scene%2Fa-41031681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ibp_2009_p._29-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ibp_2009_p._29_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbp2009" class="citation book cs1">Ibp, I. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QggABwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29"><i>Doing Business and Investing in Germany Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information</i></a>. International Business Publications USA. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-1049-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-1049-5"><bdi>978-1-4387-1049-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+and+Investing+in+Germany+Guide+Volume+1+Strategic+and+Practical+Information&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=International+Business+Publications+USA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4387-1049-5&rft.aulast=Ibp&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQggABwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmel.de/EN/Agriculture/Market-Trade-Export/_Texte/Zahlen-Fakten-Agrarexport.html">Facts and figures on German agricultural exports</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823114429/https://www.bmel.de/EN/Agriculture/Market-Trade-Export/_Texte/Zahlen-Fakten-Agrarexport.html">Archived</a> 23 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_Hoffmann_2006_p._145-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_Hoffmann_2006_p._145_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraserHoffmann2006" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, C.C.; Hoffmann, D.O. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YGgaLBLodH0C&pg=PA145"><i>Pop Culture Germany!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-733-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-733-3"><bdi>978-1-85109-733-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Culture+Germany%21%3A+Media%2C+Arts%2C+and+Lifestyle&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-733-3&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=C.C.&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+D.O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYGgaLBLodH0C%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/callyrussell/2020/01/09/who-are-the-10-biggest-retailers-in-the-world/">"10 biggest retailers in the world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=The+Reich+Stuff%3F&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft.au=Mikkelson%2C+Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fcokelore%2Ffanta.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pendergrast-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pendergrast_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendergrast1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pendergrast" title="Mark Pendergrast">Pendergrast, Mark</a> (1993). <i>For God, Country and Coca-Cola: The Unauthorized History of the Great American Soft Drink and the Company That Makes it</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684193472" title="Special:BookSources/9780684193472"><bdi>9780684193472</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+God%2C+Country+and+Coca-Cola%3A+The+Unauthorized+History+of+the+Great+American+Soft+Drink+and+the+Company+That+Makes+it&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780684193472&rft.aulast=Pendergrast&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rockhillcoke.com/history/a-brief-history-of-sprite/#:~:text=German%20Origins%20Sprite%20was%20originally%20developed%20in%20West,the%20U.S.%20market%20with%20its%20new%20name%3A%20Sprite">"A Brief History of Sprite"</a>. <i>Rock Hill Coca-Cola Blog</i>. 30 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+Hill+Coca-Cola+Blog&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Sprite&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frockhillcoke.com%2Fhistory%2Fa-brief-history-of-sprite%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DGerman%2520Origins%2520Sprite%2520was%2520originally%2520developed%2520in%2520West%2Cthe%2520U.S.%2520market%2520with%2520its%2520new%2520name%253A%2520Sprite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Metzger, Christine (ed.) <i>Culinaria Germany</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Press">Cambridge</a>: Ullmann, 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1981" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Sarah (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zcNdB_sl2JkC&pg=PA148">"Specialty Baking in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Alan_Davidson_(food_writer)" title="Alan Davidson (food writer)">Alan Davidson</a> (ed.). <i>National & Regional Styles of Cookery: Oxford Symposium 1981, Proceedings</i>. Prospect Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907325-07-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907325-07-9"><bdi>978-0-907325-07-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Specialty+Baking+in+Germany%2C+Austria%2C+and+Switzerland&rft.btitle=National+%26+Regional+Styles+of+Cookery%3A+Oxford+Symposium+1981%2C+Proceedings&rft.pub=Prospect+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-907325-07-9&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzcNdB_sl2JkC%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinzelmann2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Heinzelmann" title="Ursula Heinzelmann">Heinzelmann, Ursula</a> (2014). <i>Beyond Bratwurst. A History of Food in Germany</i>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780232720" title="Special:BookSources/9781780232720"><bdi>9781780232720</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Bratwurst.+A+History+of+Food+in+Germany&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781780232720&rft.aulast=Heinzelmann&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach2016" class="citation book cs1">Bach, V. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XrewDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA153"><i>The Kitchen, Food, and Cooking in Reformation Germany</i></a>. Historic Kitchens. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-5128-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-5128-1"><bdi>978-1-4422-5128-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kitchen%2C+Food%2C+and+Cooking+in+Reformation+Germany&rft.series=Historic+Kitchens&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-5128-1&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXrewDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_cuisine&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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title="Bremen cuisine (page does not exist)">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconian_cuisine" title="Franconian cuisine">Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hamburg" title="Cuisine of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_cuisine" title="Hessian cuisine">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_cuisine" title="Lower Saxon cuisine">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_cuisine" title="Mecklenburg cuisine">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_cuisine" title="Palatine cuisine">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_cuisine" title="Pomeranian cuisine">Pomerania</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhenish-Hessian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenish-Hessian cuisine">Rhenish Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenish_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenish cuisine (page does not exist)">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saar_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saar cuisine (page does not exist)">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxon_cuisine" title="Saxon cuisine">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saxony-Anhalt_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saxony-Anhalt cuisine (page does not exist)">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein_cuisine" title="Schleswig-Holstein cuisine">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_cuisine" title="Silesian cuisine">Silesia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_cuisine" title="Swabian cuisine">Swabia/Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuringian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuringian cuisine (page does not exist)">Thuringia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westphalian cuisine (page does not exist)">Westphalia</a></li></ul> <p><small>* also a <a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">regional cuisine of Poland</a></small> </p> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Forest_gateau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black Forest gateau"><img alt="Black Forest gateau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Black_Forest_gateau.jpg/80px-Black_Forest_gateau.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Black_Forest_gateau.jpg/120px-Black_Forest_gateau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Black_Forest_gateau.jpg/160px-Black_Forest_gateau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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cuisine">European cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg cuisine">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andorran cuisine">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtensteiner cuisine">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican cuisine">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz cuisine">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot cuisine">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ossetian cuisine">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistrian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transnistrian cuisine (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernsey cuisine">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx cuisine">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey cuisine">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></li> <li>Intercontinental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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