CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>City College of New York - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ebdac629-e76e-434f-be71-a2c2ba25ba64","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"City_College_of_New_York","wgTitle":"City College of New York","wgCurRevisionId":1273590061,"wgRevisionId":1273590061,"wgArticleId":7954388,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2016","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from February 2013","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles using infobox university","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from March 2011", "All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from April 2024","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Pages using New York City Subway service templates","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023","Commons category link from Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia with an unnamed parameter","City College of New York","1847 establishments in New York (state)","Universities and colleges established in 1847","Hamilton Heights, Manhattan","School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan","Universities and colleges in Manhattan","Collegiate Gothic architecture in New York City","Education in Harlem", "Universities and colleges in New York City"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"City_College_of_New_York","wgRelevantArticleId":7954388,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":40.8194,"lon":-73.95},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1093910","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg/1200px-City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg/800px-City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg/640px-City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="City College of New York - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-City_College_of_New_York rootpage-City_College_of_New_York skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=City+College+of+New+York" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=City+College+of+New+York" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=City+College+of+New+York" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=City+College+of+New+York" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Late 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Late 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campuses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campuses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>North Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Postwar buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>South Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_South_Campus_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_South_Campus_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>New South Campus buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_South_Campus_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demolished_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demolished_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Demolished buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demolished_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Downtown_campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downtown_campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Downtown campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downtown_campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lewisohn_Stadium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lewisohn_Stadium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Lewisohn Stadium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lewisohn_Stadium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_demolished_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_demolished_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Other demolished buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_demolished_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus_location_and_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus_location_and_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Campus location and transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campus_location_and_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advanced_Science_Research_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_Science_Research_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Advanced Science Research Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_Science_Research_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CUNY_Dominican_Studies_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CUNY_Dominican_Studies_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>CUNY Dominican Studies Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CUNY_Dominican_Studies_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CUNY_Energy_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CUNY_Energy_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>CUNY Energy Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CUNY_Energy_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-College_seal_and_medal_logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#College_seal_and_medal_logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>College seal and medal logo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_seal_and_medal_logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Athletics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_books,_films,_and_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_books,_films,_and_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In books, films, and popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_books,_films,_and_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">City College of New York</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="كلية مدينة نيويورك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلية مدينة نيويورك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York_%C5%9E%C9%99h%C9%99r_Kolleci" title="Nyu-York Şəhər Kolleci – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyu-York Şəhər Kolleci" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="نیویورک سیتی کالجی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیویورک سیتی کالجی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гарадскі каледж Нью-Ёрка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарадскі каледж Нью-Ёрка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_de_Nova_York" title="City College de Nova York – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="City College de Nova York" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_the_City_University_of_New_York" title="City College of the City University of New York – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="City College of the City University of New York" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_(Nueva_York)" title="City College (Nueva York) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="City College (Nueva York)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urba_Kolegio_de_Novjorko" title="Urba Kolegio de Novjorko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urba Kolegio de Novjorko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="کالج شهری نیویورک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالج شهری نیویورک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%8B%B0_%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EC%98%A4%EB%B8%8C_%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95" title="시티 칼리지 오브 뉴욕 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시티 칼리지 오브 뉴욕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BB" title="Նյու Յորքի քաղաքային քոլեջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյու Յորքի քաղաքային քոլեջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_(New_York)" title="City College (New York) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="City College (New York)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%27_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="הסיטי קולג' של ניו יורק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסיטי קולג' של ניו יורק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegium_Urbanum_Neo-Eboracense" title="Collegium Urbanum Neo-Eboracense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Collegium Urbanum Neo-Eboracense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="كلية مدينه نيو يورك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلية مدينه نيو يورك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolej_Bandar_Raya_New_York" title="Kolej Bandar Raya New York – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kolej Bandar Raya New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E5%B8%82%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="ニューヨーク市立大学シティ・カレッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューヨーク市立大学シティ・カレッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_shahar_kolleji" title="New York shahar kolleji – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="New York shahar kolleji" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Городской колледж Нью-Йорка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Городской колледж Нью-Йорка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="City College of New York" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolehiyong_Lungsod_ng_New_York" title="Kolehiyong Lungsod ng New York – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kolehiyong Lungsod ng New York" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_%C5%9Eehir_Koleji" title="New York Şehir Koleji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New York Şehir Koleji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Міський коледж Нью-Йорка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міський коледж Нью-Йорка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B8%82%E7%AB%8B%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="纽约市立学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纽约市立学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1093910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:City_College_of_New_York" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/City_College_of_New_York" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/City_College_of_New_York" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&oldid=1273590061" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=City_College_of_New_York&id=1273590061&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCity_College_of_New_York"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCity_College_of_New_York"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=City_College_of_New_York&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:City_College_of_New_York" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1093910" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=City_College_of_New_York&params=40.8194_N_73.95_W_region:US_type:edu"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°49′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°57′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.8194°N 73.9500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.8194; -73.9500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public college in New York City, New York, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"CCNY" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/CCNY_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="CCNY (disambiguation)">CCNY (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_City_of_New_York_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="College of the City of New York (disambiguation)">College of the City of New York (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The City College of the<br />City University of New York</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg/150px-City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg/225px-City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg/300px-City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="188" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">City College of New York<br />City College</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Free Academy of the City of New York (1847–1866)<br />College of the City of New York (1866–1929)<br />City College of New York (1929–1961)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><div lang="Latin"><i>Respice, Adspice, Prospice</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">"Look behind, look here, look ahead"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1847<span class="noprint">; 178 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1847</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris" title="Townsend Harris">Townsend Harris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent institution</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_States_Commission_on_Higher_Education" title="Middle States Commission on Higher Education">MSCHE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cities%27_Universities" title="Great Cities' Universities">GCU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Associated_Universities" title="Oak Ridge Associated Universities">ORAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Grant_College_and_Fellowship_Program" title="National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program">Space-grant</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$290 million (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_G._Boudreau" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent G. Boudreau">Vincent G. Boudreau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tony Liss</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">581 (full-time)<br />914 (part-time)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">401</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">14,489<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Fall 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,113</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,048</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=City_College_of_New_York&params=40.8194_N_73.95_W_region:US_type:edu"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°49′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°57′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.8194°N 73.9500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.8194; -73.9500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Large City, 35 acres (0.14 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Campus_(CCNY)" title="The Campus (CCNY)">The Campus</a></i></li><li><i>The Paper</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lavender_(color)" title="Lavender (color)">Lavender/purple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray">gray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">white</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7D5CC6; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#565A5C; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Beavers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">NCAA Division III</a> – <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York_Athletic_Conference" title="City University of New York Athletic Conference">CUNYAC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Benny the Beaver</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccny.cuny.edu">ccny<wbr />.cuny<wbr />.edu</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093910#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CCNY_logo_flush_left.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/CCNY_logo_flush_left.svg/220px-CCNY_logo_flush_left.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/CCNY_logo_flush_left.svg/330px-CCNY_logo_flush_left.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/CCNY_logo_flush_left.svg/440px-CCNY_logo_flush_left.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The City College of the City University of New York</b> (also known as the <b>City College of New York</b>, or simply <b>City College</b> or <b>CCNY</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> within the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> (CUNY) system in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Founded in 1847, City College was the first free public institution of higher education in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the oldest of CUNY's 25 institutions of higher learning<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is considered its flagship institution.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Hamilton Heights, Manhattan">Hamilton Heights</a> overlooking <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, City College's 35-acre (14 ha) <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a> campus spans Convent Avenue from 130th to 141st Streets.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially designed by renowned architect <a href="/wiki/George_B._Post" title="George B. Post">George B. Post</a>, and many of its buildings have achieved landmark status. City College's satellite campus, City College Downtown in the <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Cunard Building (New York City)">Cunard Building</a> at 25 Broadway, has been in operation since 1981. It offers degree programs for working adults with classes in the evenings and Saturdays.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other primacies at City College that helped shape the culture of American higher education include the first student government in the nation (Academic Senate, 1867);<sup id="cite_ref-ccny.cuny.edu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccny.cuny.edu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first national fraternity to accept members without regard to religion, race, color or creed (Delta Sigma Phi, 1899);<sup id="cite_ref-Delta_Sigma_Phi_1899_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delta_Sigma_Phi_1899-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first degree-granting evening program (School of Education, 1907); and, with the objective of racially integrating the college dormitories, "the first general strike at a municipal institution of higher learning" led by students (1949).<sup id="cite_ref-GoodmanNYT1984_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoodmanNYT1984-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The college has a 48% graduation rate within six years.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">classified</a> among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institution has graduated ten <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners, one <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medalist</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> winner, three <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prizes">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners, and three <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these alumni, the latest is a <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a> native, <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe_(neuroscientist)" title="John O'Keefe (neuroscientist)">John O'Keefe</a> (2014 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Medicine">Nobel Prize in Medicine</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_19th_century">Early 19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg/220px-Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg/330px-Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg/440px-Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2533" /></a><figcaption>Harris Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>The City College of New York was founded as the <b>Free Academy of the City of New York</b> in 1847 by wealthy businessman and president of the Board of Education <a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris" title="Townsend Harris">Townsend Harris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Traub_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Traub-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A combination <a href="/wiki/University-preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect" title="University-preparatory school">prep school</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> / <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> and college, it would provide children of immigrants and the poor access to free higher education based on academic merit alone. It was one of the early public high schools in the United States following earlier similar institutions being founded in <a href="/wiki/English_High_School_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="English High School of Boston">Boston</a> (1829), <a href="/wiki/Central_High_School_(Philadelphia)" title="Central High School (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia</a> (1838), and <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_College" title="Baltimore City College">Baltimore</a> (1839). </p><p>The Free Academy was the first of what would become a system of municipally-supported colleges – the second, <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a>, was founded as a women's institution in 1870; and the third, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn College</a>, was established as a coeducational institution in 1930. </p><p>In 1847, New York State Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(governor)" title="John Young (governor)">John Young</a> had given permission to the state Board of Education to found the Free Academy, which was ratified in a statewide referendum. Founder Townsend Harris proclaimed, "Open the doors to all… Let the children of the rich and the poor take their seats together and know of no distinction save that of industry, good conduct and intellect." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Horace_Webster" title="Horace Webster">Horace Webster</a> (1794–1871), a graduate of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point</a>, was the first president of the Free Academy. At the Free Academy's formal opening on January 21, 1849, Webster said: </p> <blockquote><p>The experiment is to be tried, whether the children of the people, the children of the whole people, can be educated; and whether an institution of the highest grade, can be successfully controlled by the popular will, not by the privileged few.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shepard1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shepard1.jpg/220px-Shepard1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shepard1.jpg/330px-Shepard1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shepard1.jpg/440px-Shepard1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption>Original St. Nicholas Terrace entrance to Shepard Hall, the main building of CCNY, in the early 1900s, on its new campus in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Heights">Hamilton Heights</a>, looking up and westward from <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Avenue" title="St. Nicholas Avenue">St. Nicholas Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1847, a curriculum was adopted that had nine main fields: mathematics, history, language, literature, drawing, natural philosophy, experimental philosophy, law, and political economy. The academy's first graduation took place in 1853 in <a href="/wiki/Niblo%27s_Garden" title="Niblo's Garden">Niblo's Garden Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even in its early years, the Free Academy had a framework of tolerance that extended beyond the admission of students from every social stratum. In 1854, Columbia University denied distinguished chemist and scientist <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott_Gibbs" title="Oliver Wolcott Gibbs">Oliver Wolcott Gibbs</a> a faculty position because of his <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> religious beliefs. Gibbs had been a professor at the Free Academy since 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later went on to an appointment at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1849 the prep school <a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris_Hall_Prep_School" title="Townsend Harris Hall Prep School">Townsend Harris Hall Prep School</a> opened on campus, launched as a one-year preparatory school for CCNY.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1900s, as more Jewish students were enrolling, President <a href="/wiki/John_Huston_Finley" title="John Huston Finley">John H. Finley</a> liberalized students' obligations by rescinding mandatory chapel attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-bender2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bender2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_19th_century">Late 19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Late 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miller%27s_New_York_as_it_is,_or,_Stranger%27s_guide-book_to_the_cities_of_New_York,_Brooklyn_and_adjacent_places_-_comprising_notices_of_every_object_of_interest_to_strangers;_including_public_buildings,_(14596044800).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Miller%27s_New_York_as_it_is%2C_or%2C_Stranger%27s_guide-book_to_the_cities_of_New_York%2C_Brooklyn_and_adjacent_places_-_comprising_notices_of_every_object_of_interest_to_strangers%3B_including_public_buildings%2C_%2814596044800%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Miller%27s_New_York_as_it_is%2C_or%2C_Stranger%27s_guide-book_to_the_cities_of_New_York%2C_Brooklyn_and_adjacent_places_-_comprising_notices_of_every_object_of_interest_to_strangers%3B_including_public_buildings%2C_%2814596044800%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Miller%27s_New_York_as_it_is%2C_or%2C_Stranger%27s_guide-book_to_the_cities_of_New_York%2C_Brooklyn_and_adjacent_places_-_comprising_notices_of_every_object_of_interest_to_strangers%3B_including_public_buildings%2C_%2814596044800%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3568" data-file-height="2410" /></a><figcaption>View in 1876</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1866, the Free Academy, a men's institution, was renamed the <b>College of the City of New York</b>. In 1929, the College of the City of New York became the <b>City College of New York</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the institution became known as the <b>City College of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a></b> when the CUNY name was formally established as the umbrella institution for New York City's municipal-college system in 1961. The names City College of New York and City College, however, remain in general use. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CityCollegeNewYorkGeneralWebbHarlem.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CityCollegeNewYorkGeneralWebbHarlem.JPG/170px-CityCollegeNewYorkGeneralWebbHarlem.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CityCollegeNewYorkGeneralWebbHarlem.JPG/255px-CityCollegeNewYorkGeneralWebbHarlem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CityCollegeNewYorkGeneralWebbHarlem.JPG/340px-CityCollegeNewYorkGeneralWebbHarlem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Statue of General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Webb" title="Alexander S. Webb">Alexander S. Webb</a> (1835–1911), second president of CCNY (1869–1903)</figcaption></figure> <p>With the name change in 1866, lavender was chosen as the college's color. In 1867, the academic senate, the first student government in the nation, was formed. Having struggled over the issue for ten years, in 1895, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> voted to let the City College build a new campus. A four-square block site was chosen, located at West <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Manhattanville,_Manhattan" title="Manhattanville, Manhattan">Manhattanville</a>, within the area which was enclosed by the <a href="#North_Campus">North Campus Arches</a>; the college, however, quickly expanded north of the Arches. </p><p>Like President Webster, the second president of the newly renamed City College was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">West Point</a> graduate. The second president, General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Webb" title="Alexander S. Webb">Alexander S. Webb</a> (1835-1911), assumed office in 1869, serving for almost the next three decades. One of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>'s heroes at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a>, General Webb was the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Brigade" title="Philadelphia Brigade">Philadelphia Brigade</a>. In 1891, while still president of the City College, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Congressional Medal of Honor</a> for heroism at Gettysburg. A full-length statue of Webb, in full military uniform, stands in his honor at the heart of the campus.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookplate-College_of_the_City_of_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bookplate-College_of_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/220px-Bookplate-College_of_the_City_of_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bookplate-College_of_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/330px-Bookplate-College_of_the_City_of_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bookplate-College_of_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/440px-Bookplate-College_of_the_City_of_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>College <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> <a href="/wiki/Bookplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookplate">bookplate</a> with an early version of the college seal from the era when the institution was named the College of the City of New York, 1866–1929</figcaption></figure> <p>The college's curriculum under Webster and Webb combined classical training in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> with more practical subjects like <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>. General Webb was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/John_Huston_Finley" title="John Huston Finley">John Huston Finley</a> (1863–1940), as third president in 1903. Finley relaxed some of the West Point-like discipline that characterized the college, including compulsory religious chapel attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-bender2_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bender2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Kappa" title="Phi Sigma Kappa">Phi Sigma Kappa</a> placed its then-sixth chapter on the campus in 1896; alumni provided scholarships to new students entering the CCNY system for generations.<sup id="cite_ref-ATPS_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATPS-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Phi" title="Delta Sigma Phi">Delta Sigma Phi</a>, founded at CCNY in 1899, claimed to be the first national organization of its type to accept members without regard to religion, race, color or creed.<sup id="cite_ref-Delta_Sigma_Phi_1899_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delta_Sigma_Phi_1899-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, fraternities at CCNY had excluded Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chapter flourished at the college until 1932 when it closed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. The founding of <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Beta_Tau" title="Zeta Beta Tau">Zeta Beta Tau</a> at City College in 1898 was <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gottheil" title="Richard Gottheil">Richard Gottheil</a>'s initiative to establish a <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> fraternity with <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> ideals. It is now defunct.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Education courses were first offered in 1897 in response to a city law that prohibited the hiring of teachers who lacked a proper academic background. The School of Education was established in 1921. The college newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Campus_(CCNY)" title="The Campus (CCNY)">The Campus</a></i>, published its first issue in 1907, and the first degree-granting evening session in the United States was started. </p><p>In the years when top-flight private schools were restricted to the children of the Protestant establishment, thousands of brilliant individuals (including Jewish students) attended City College because they had no other option. CCNY's academic excellence and status as a working-class school earned it the titles "<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">Proletariat</a>", the "poor man's Harvard",<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Harvard-on-the-Hudson."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Howe" title="Irving Howe">Irving Howe</a> claims that when the Morris Cohen, the later philosopher, was a student at CCNY at the turn of the century, the faculty was "not very glittering" and the school was considered "at once grubby and exalted."<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Separate Schools of Business and Civic Administration and of Technology (Engineering) were established in 1919. Students were also required to sign a loyalty oath. In 1947, the college celebrated its centennial year, awarding honorary degrees to <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Baruch" title="Bernard Baruch">Bernard Baruch</a> (class of 1889) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Robert F. Wagner</a> (class of 1898). A 100-year time capsule was buried in North Campus. </p><p>Until 1929, City College had been an all-male institution. In 1930, CCNY admitted women for the first time, but only to graduate programs. In 1951, the entire institution became coeducational. </p><p>Even today,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> no other public college has produced as many <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel</a> laureates who have studied and graduated with a degree from a particular public college (all graduated between 1935 and 1963).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (April 2024)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2016)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> CCNY's official quote on this is "Nine Nobel laureates claim CCNY as their Alma Mater, the most from any public college in the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-www1.ccny.cuny.edu_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www1.ccny.cuny.edu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2016)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> This should not be confused with Nobel laureates who teach at a public university; <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a> boasts 19.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2016)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> Many City College Alumni also served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. Armed Forces</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> (1939/41–1945). A total of 310 CCNY alumni were killed in the War. Prior to World War II, a large number of City College alumni—relative to alumni of other U.S. colleges—volunteered to serve on the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Republican</a> side in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936–1939). Thirteen CCNY alumni were killed in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its heyday of the 1930s through the 1950s, CCNY became known for its political <a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radicalism</a>. It was said that the old CCNY cafeteria in the basement of Shepard Hall, particularly in alcove 1, was the only place in the world where a fair debate between <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinists</a> could take place.<sup id="cite_ref-Arguing_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arguing-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being part of a political debate that began in the morning in alcove 1, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Howe" title="Irving Howe">Irving Howe</a> reported that after some time had passed he would leave his place among the arguing students in order to attend class. When he returned to the cafeteria late in the day, he would find that the same debate had continued but with an entirely different cast of students.<sup id="cite_ref-Arguing_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arguing-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality of New York was considerably more conformist than CCNY students and faculty. The Philosophy Department, at the end of the 1939/40 academic year, invited the British mathematician and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> to become a professor at CCNY. Members of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> protested Russell's appointment. A woman named Jean Kay <a href="/wiki/The_Bertrand_Russell_Case" title="The Bertrand Russell Case">filed suit against the state Board of Higher Education to block Russell's appointment</a> on the grounds that his views on marriage and sex would adversely affect her daughter's virtue, although her daughter was not a CCNY student. Russell wrote "a typical American witch-hunt was instituted against me."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kay won the suit, but the board declined to appeal after considering the political pressure exerted.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell took revenge in the preface of the first edition of his book <i>An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth</i>, which was published by the Unwin Brothers in the United Kingdom (the preface was not included in the U.S. editions). In a long précis that detailed Russell's accomplishments including medals awarded by Columbia University and the Royal Society and faculty appointments at Oxford, Cambridge, UCLA, Harvard, the Sorbonne, Peking (the name used in that era), the LSE, Chicago, and so forth, Russell added, "Judicially pronounced unworthy to be Professor of Philosophy at the College of the City of New York." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_century">Late 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Case" title="Knickerbocker Case">Knickerbocker Case</a> was set off when William E. Knickerbocker, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">romance languages</a> department, was accused of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> by four faculty members. They claimed that "for at least seven years they have been subjected to continual harassment and what looks very much like discrimination" by Knickerbocker.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four years later, Knickerbocker was again accused of antisemitism, this time for denying honors to high-achieving Jewish students.<sup id="cite_ref-FeinbergNYT1949_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeinbergNYT1949-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About the same time, William C. Davis of the economics department was accused by students of maintaining a racially segregated dormitory at Army Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-FeinbergNYT1949_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeinbergNYT1949-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis was the dormitory's administrator. CCNY students, many of whom were World War II veterans, launched a massive strike in 1949 in protest against Knickerbocker and Davis.<sup id="cite_ref-GoodmanNYT1984_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoodmanNYT1984-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FeinbergNYT1949_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeinbergNYT1949-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>New York Times</i> called the event "the first general strike at a municipal institution of higher learning."<sup id="cite_ref-GoodmanNYT1984_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoodmanNYT1984-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As student radicalism increased in the late 1960s, with the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">anti-Vietnam War</a> feelings increased, culminating at CCNY during a 1969 protest takeover of the South campus,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under threat of a riot, African American and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican American">Puerto Rican</a> activists and their white allies demanded, among other policy changes, that the City College implement an aggressive <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> program to increase minority enrollment and provide academic support.<sup id="cite_ref-Traub_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Traub-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At some point, campus protesters began referring to CCNY as "Harlem University." The administration of the City University at first balked at the demands, but instead, came up with an <a href="/wiki/Open_admissions" title="Open admissions">open admissions</a> or open-access program under which any graduate of a New York City high school would be able to matriculate either at City College or another college in the CUNY system. Beginning in 1970, the program opened doors to college to many who would not otherwise have been able to attend college. The increased enrollment of students, regardless of college preparedness, however, affected City College's and the university's academic reputation and strained New York City's financial resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Traub_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Traub-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2023 documentary film directed by <a href="/wiki/Greta_Schiller" title="Greta Schiller">Greta Schiller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Weiss_(filmmaker)" title="Andrea Weiss (filmmaker)">Andrea Weiss</a>, <i>The Five Demands</i>, provides historical coverage and interviews with students who led the 1969 protests.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>City College began charging tuition in 1976. By 1999, CUNY's board of trustees voted to eliminate remedial classes at CUNY's senior colleges, thereby eliminating a central pillar of the policy of open admissions and effectively ending it.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students who could not meet the academic entrance requirements for CUNY's senior colleges had to enroll in the system's <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a>, where they could prepare for an eventual transfer to one of the 4-year institutions. Since this decision, all CUNY senior colleges, especially CCNY, have begun to rise in prestige nationally, as shown by school rankings and incoming freshman <a href="/wiki/GPA" class="mw-redirect" title="GPA">GPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> scores. The end of open admissions led to a change in CUNY's student demographics, with the number of Black and Hispanic students decreasing and the number of White Caucasian and Asian students increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the 1989 student protests and building takeovers in response to tuition increases, a community action center was opened on the campus, called the Guillermo Morales/Assata Shakur Community and Student Center, located in the NAC building. The center was named after CUNY alumni <a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Assata Shakur</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillermo_Morales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillermo Morales (page does not exist)">Guillermo Morales</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of whom <a href="/wiki/Self-exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-exile">self-exiled</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students and neighborhood residents who used the center for community organizing against issues of racism, police brutality, and the privatization and militarization of CUNY faced opposition from the City College administration for years.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a long controversy, in October 2013, City College eventually shut down the Guillermo Morales/Assata Shakur Community and Student Center, citing a need for space to expand its career center; this closure provoked student demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCNY's new Frederick Douglass Debate Society defeated <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a> at the "Super Bowl" of the <a href="/wiki/American_Parliamentary_Debate_Association" title="American Parliamentary Debate Association">American Parliamentary Debate Association</a> in 1996. In 2003, the institution's <a href="/wiki/Model_UN" class="mw-redirect" title="Model UN">Model UN</a> Team was awarded as an Outstanding Delegation at the National Model United Nations (NMUN) Conference, an honor that it would repeat four years in a row. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> issued a postcard commemorating CCNY's 150th anniversary, featuring Shepard Hall, on Charter Day, May 7, 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CCNY_Grove_school_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CCNY_Grove_school_jeh.JPG/220px-CCNY_Grove_school_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CCNY_Grove_school_jeh.JPG/330px-CCNY_Grove_school_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CCNY_Grove_school_jeh.JPG/440px-CCNY_Grove_school_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption>Engineering School</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> began recruiting students for the University Scholars program in the fall 2000, and admitted the first cohort of undergraduate scholars in the fall 2001. CCNY was one of five CUNY campuses, on which the program was initiated. The newly admitted students became undergraduates in the newly formed Honors Program. Students attending the CCNY Honors College are awarded free tuition, a cultural passport that admits them to New York City cultural institutions for free or at sharply reduced prices, a notebook computer, and an academic expense account that they can apply to such activities as study abroad. These undergraduates are required to attend a number of specially developed honors courses. In 2001 CUNY initiated the CUNY Honors College, renamed <a href="/wiki/Macaulay_Honors_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaulay Honors College">Macaulay Honors College</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2005, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a>, a 1960 graduate of the Engineering School in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel Corporation</a>, donated $26 million to the Engineering School, which has since been renamed the <a href="/wiki/Grove_School_of_Engineering" title="Grove School of Engineering">Grove School of Engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest donation ever given to the City College of New York. </p><p>In August 2008, the authority to grant doctorates in engineering was transferred from the CUNY Graduate Center to City College Grove School of Engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the School of Architecture moved into the former Y Building,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was gutted and completely remodeled under the design direction of architect <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Vi%C3%B1oly" title="Rafael Viñoly">Rafael Viñoly</a>. Also in 2009, the school was renamed <a href="/wiki/The_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture" title="The Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture">the Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture</a> in honor of the $25 million gift the Spitzers gave to the school.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 1, 2018, the authority to grant doctorates in clinical psychology was transferred from the CUNY Graduate Center to City College.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023, CCNY officials announced that the institution will open an immigrant center to assist undocumented students.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The City College campus was the site of the "CUNY Gaza Solidarity Encampment" in April 2024, and was host to numerous student demonstrators from across the CUNY system for nearly a week before it was raided by campus police and the NYPD.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Webster" title="Horace Webster">Horace Webster</a>, 1847–1869</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Webb" title="Alexander S. Webb">Alexander S. Webb</a>, 1869–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston_Finley" title="John Huston Finley">John Huston Finley</a>, 1903–1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Edward_Mezes" title="Sidney Edward Mezes">Sidney Edward Mezes</a>, 1914–1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_B._Robinson" title="Frederick B. Robinson">Frederick B. Robinson</a>, 1927–1938 <ul><li>Nelson P. Mead (acting), 1938–1941<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_N._Wright" title="Harry N. Wright">Harry N. Wright</a>, 1941–1952</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buell_G._Gallagher" title="Buell G. Gallagher">Buell G. Gallagher</a>, 1953–1961, 1962–1969 <ul><li>Harry N. Rivlin (acting), 1961–1962</li> <li>Joseph J. Copeland (interim), 1969–1970</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Marshak" title="Robert Marshak">Robert Marshak</a>, 1970–1979 <ul><li>Alice Chandler (interim), 1979–1980</li> <li>Arthur Tiedemann (interim), 1980–1981</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_W._Harleston" title="Bernard W. Harleston">Bernard W. Harleston</a>, 1981–1992 <ul><li>Augusta Souza Kappner (interim), 1992–1993</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_T._Moses" title="Yolanda T. Moses">Yolanda T. Moses</a>, 1993–1999 <ul><li>Stanford A. Roman Jr. (interim), 1999–2000<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_H._Williams" title="Gregory H. Williams">Gregory H. Williams</a>, 2001–2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Paaswell" title="Robert E. Paaswell">Robert "Buzz" Paaswell</a> (interim), 2009–2010<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Staiano-Coico" title="Lisa Staiano-Coico">Lisa S. Coico</a>, 2010–2016 <ul><li>Vincent G. Boudreau (interim), 2016–2017</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_G._Boudreau" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent G. Boudreau">Vincent G. Boudreau</a>, 2017–Present<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Campuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shepard_Hall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Shepard_Hall.JPG/220px-Shepard_Hall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Shepard_Hall.JPG/330px-Shepard_Hall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Shepard_Hall.JPG/440px-Shepard_Hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Shepard Hall, rear entrance, looking east from Convent Avenue, City College of New York, 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CUNY-main.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CUNY-main.jpg/220px-CUNY-main.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CUNY-main.jpg/330px-CUNY-main.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CUNY-main.jpg/440px-CUNY-main.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Shepard Hall, looking West from St. Nicholas Avenue to Shepard Hall's main entrance on St. Nicholas Terrace (1907)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Campus">North Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: North Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CCNY's <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Gothic in North America">Collegiate Gothic</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/Manhattanville,_Manhattan" title="Manhattanville, Manhattan">Manhattanville</a> was erected in 1906, replacing a <a href="#Downtown_campus">downtown campus</a> built in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new campus was designed by <a href="/wiki/George_Browne_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="George Browne Post">George Browne Post</a>. According to CCNY's published history, "The Landmark neo-Gothic buildings [...] are superb examples of English Perpendicular Gothic style and are among the first buildings, as an entire campus, to be built in the U.S. in this style. Groundbreaking for the Gothic Quadrangle buildings took place in 1903." There were five original neo-Gothic buildings on the upper Manhattan campus, which opened between 1906 and 1908: Shepard Hall, Baskerville Hall, Compton Hall, Harris Hall, and Wingate Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-Morrone_2009_p._343_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morrone_2009_p._343-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_College_of_New_York_tower_top_from_St._Nicholas_Avenue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/City_College_of_New_York_tower_top_from_St._Nicholas_Avenue.jpg/220px-City_College_of_New_York_tower_top_from_St._Nicholas_Avenue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/City_College_of_New_York_tower_top_from_St._Nicholas_Avenue.jpg/330px-City_College_of_New_York_tower_top_from_St._Nicholas_Avenue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/City_College_of_New_York_tower_top_from_St._Nicholas_Avenue.jpg/440px-City_College_of_New_York_tower_top_from_St._Nicholas_Avenue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2411" data-file-height="2884" /></a><figcaption>Shepard Hall tower, seen from Hamilton Heights</figcaption></figure> <p>Shepard Hall, the largest building and the centerpiece of the campus, was modeled after a Gothic cathedral plan with its main entrance on St. Nicholas Terrace.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a large chapel assembly hall called the Great Hall, which has a mural painted by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Blashfield" title="Edwin Blashfield">Edwin Blashfield</a> called "The Graduate"<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another mural in the Lincoln Hallway called "The Great Teachers" painted by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bogdanove" title="Abraham Bogdanove">Abraham Bogdanove</a> in 1930. The building was named after <a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Shepard" title="Edward M. Shepard">Edward M. Shepard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_M._Skinner" title="Ernest M. Skinner">Ernest Skinner</a>'s earliest organs was installed in the Great Hall in the early 1900s.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baskerville Hall for many years housed the Chemistry Department, was also known as the Chemical Building, and had one of the largest original lecture halls on the campus, Doremus lecture hall.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It currently houses <a href="/wiki/HSMSE" class="mw-redirect" title="HSMSE">HSMSE</a>, The High School for Mathematics, Science, and Engineering. </p><p>Compton Hall was originally designed as the Mechanical Arts Building.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris Hall, named in the original architectural plans as the Sub-Freshman Building, housed City College's preparatory high school, <a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris_High_School" title="Townsend Harris High School">Townsend Harris High School</a>, from 1906 until it moved in 1930 downtown to the School of Business.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wingate Hall was named for George Wood Wingate (Class of 1858), an attorney and promoter of physical fitness. It served as the college's main gymnasium between 1907 and 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ccnyg1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ccnyg1.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>A stone grotesque on a CCNY building from 1906, holding a model of Shepard Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>The sixth campus, Goethals Hall,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was completed in 1930. The new building was named for <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Goethals" title="George Washington Goethals">George Washington Goethals</a>, the CCNY civil engineering alumnus who, as mentioned above in the section on the history of the college, went on to become the chief engineer of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. Goethals Hall housed the School of Technology (engineering) and adjoins the Mechanical Arts Building, Compton Hall. </p><p>The six neo-Gothic buildings are connected by a tunnel, which closed to public use in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six hundred <a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">grotesques</a> on the original buildings represent the practical and the fine arts.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Campus Quadrangle contains four great arches on the main avenues entering and exiting the campus: </p> <ul><li>Hudson Gate on <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Avenue</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>George Washington Gate at 138th Street and Convent Avenue</li> <li>Alexander Hamilton Gate at the northern edge of Convent Avenue</li> <li>Peter Stuyvesant Gate at St. Nicholas Terrace (only the southern base remaining).</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York Landmarks Preservation Commission</a> made the North Campus Quadrangle buildings and the College Gates official landmarks in 1981. The buildings in the Quadrangle were put on the State and <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1984. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_buildings">Postwar buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Postwar buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contemporary_and_Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_the_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Contemporary_and_Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_the_background.jpg/220px-Contemporary_and_Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_the_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Contemporary_and_Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_the_background.jpg/330px-Contemporary_and_Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_the_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Contemporary_and_Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_the_background.jpg/440px-Contemporary_and_Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_the_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary and Gothic Revival architecture in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>Steinman Hall, which houses the School of Engineering, was erected in 1962 on the north end of the campus, on the site of the Bowker Library and the Drill Hall to replace the facilities in Compton Hall and Goethals Hall, and was named for <a href="/wiki/David_B._Steinman" title="David B. Steinman">David Barnard Steinman</a> (CCNY Class of 1906), a well known civil engineer and bridge designer.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Administration Building was erected in 1963 on the North Campus across from Wingate Hall. It houses the institution's administration offices, including the President's, Provost's and the Registrar's offices. It was originally intended as a warehouse to store the huge number of records and transcripts of students since 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first floor of the Administration Building was given a <a href="/wiki/Postmodern" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern">postmodern</a> renovation in 2004. In early 2007, the Administration Building was formally named the Howard E. Wille Administration Building, in honor of Howard E. Wille, class of 1955, a distinguished alumnus and philanthropist.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Marshak Science Building was completed in 1971 on the site of the former Jasper Oval, an open space previously used as a football field.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was named after <a href="/wiki/Robert_Marshak" title="Robert Marshak">Robert Marshak</a>, renowned physicist and president of CCNY (1970–1979). The Marshak building houses all science labs and adjoins the Mahoney Gymnasium and its athletic facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg/220px-North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg/330px-North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg/440px-North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>North Academic Center (2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1970s, construction of the massive North Academic Center (NAC) was initiated. It was completed in 1984, and replaced <a href="/wiki/Lewisohn_Stadium" title="Lewisohn Stadium">Lewisohn Stadium</a> and Klapper Hall. The NAC was designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Carl_Warnecke" title="John Carl Warnecke">John Carl Warnecke</a>. A student lounge space has murals celebrating the history of the campus on the doors of the undergraduate <a href="/wiki/Student_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Student Government">Student Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Campus">South Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: South Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:193px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ccnysc1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ccnysc1.jpg/238px-Ccnysc1.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ccnysc1.jpg/357px-Ccnysc1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ccnysc1.jpg/476px-Ccnysc1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1950s aerial view of the old South Campus of City College, bought in 1953 from Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart. The photo is taken from the south looking northeast.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:193px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ccnysc3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Ccnysc3.jpg/238px-Ccnysc3.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Ccnysc3.jpg/357px-Ccnysc3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Ccnysc3.jpg/476px-Ccnysc3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The same view but annotated. Click to enlarge and see annotation</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1953, CCNY bought the campus of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattanville_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattanville College">Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart</a> (which, on a 1913 map, was shown as The Convent of the Sacred Heart), which added a south section to the campus. This expanded the campus to include many of the buildings in the area between 140th Street to 130th Street, from St. Nicholas Terrace in the east to <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Avenue</a> in the west. </p><p>As a result of this expansion, the South Campus of CCNY housed mainly liberal arts classes and departments. The North Campus was mainly dedicated to sciences and engineering and the school of education. </p><p>In 1957, a new library building was erected in the middle of the campus, near 135th Street on the South Campus, and named Cohen Library, after <a href="/wiki/Morris_Raphael_Cohen" title="Morris Raphael Cohen">Morris Raphael Cohen</a>, an alumnus and philosopher. It was later renamed the 'Y' building, then gutted. </p><p>In the 1970s, many of the old buildings of the South Campus<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were demolished, some that had been used by the Academy of the Sacred Heart. The buildings remaining on the South Campus at this time were the Cohen Library (later moved into the North Academic Center), Park Gym (now the Structural Biology Research Center (NYSBC)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Eisner Hall (built in 1941 by Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart as a library, later remodeled and housed CCNY's Art Department),<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Schiff House (former President's residence, now a child care center), and Mott Hall (formerly the English Department, now a New York City Department of Education primary school<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Some of the buildings that were demolished at that time were Finley Hall (housed The Finley Student Center, student activities center, originally built in 1888–1890 as Manhattanville Academy's main building, and purchased in 1953 by City College),<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wagner Hall, (which housed various social science and liberal arts departments and classes, originally built as a dormitory for Manhattanville Academy, and was named in honor of <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Robert F. Wagner Sr.</a>, member of the Class of 1898, who represented New York State for 23 years in the United States Senate),<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stieglitz Hall, and Downer Hall, among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_South_Campus_buildings">New South Campus buildings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New South Campus buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several new buildings were erected on the South Campus, including <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Davis_Hall" title="Aaron Davis Hall">Aaron Davis Hall</a> in 1981 and the Herman Goldman sports field in 1993. In August 2006, the institution completed the construction of a 600-bed dormitory, called "The Towers."<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_College_of_New_York_-_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture_(48170356851).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/City_College_of_New_York_-_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture_%2848170356851%29.jpg/220px-City_College_of_New_York_-_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture_%2848170356851%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/City_College_of_New_York_-_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture_%2848170356851%29.jpg/330px-City_College_of_New_York_-_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture_%2848170356851%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/City_College_of_New_York_-_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture_%2848170356851%29.jpg/440px-City_College_of_New_York_-_Bernard_and_Anne_Spitzer_School_of_Architecture_%2848170356851%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>The building that formerly housed Cohen Library, the "Y" building, became the new home for the School of Architecture, with the renovation headed by architect <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Vi%C3%B1oly" title="Rafael Viñoly">Rafael Viñoly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near the 133rd Street gate, the Herman Goldman sports field was shuttered in 2006 in favor of two new scientific education and research facilities: a four-story structure for students and a six-story building for faculty/graduate research.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, two new buildings had been proposed for the South Campus site by the <a href="/wiki/Dormitory_Authority_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="Dormitory Authority of the State of New York">Dormitory Authority of the State of New York</a> (DASNY). One was a four-story Science Building, to serve as an adjunct to the Marshak Science Building on the North Campus, and the other was a six-story Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC).<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Kohn_Pedersen_Fox" title="Kohn Pedersen Fox">Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates</a>, the ASRC—serving visiting scientists and the whole CUNY system—and the Center for Discovery and Innovation occupy the Herman Goldman sports field's site. The buildings are linked by a tunnel. In total, these two buildings have 400,000 square feet (37,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of laboratories, offices, an auditorium, and meeting rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demolished_buildings">Demolished buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demolished buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Downtown_campus">Downtown campus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Downtown campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freeacad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Freeacad.jpg/220px-Freeacad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Freeacad.jpg/330px-Freeacad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Freeacad.jpg/440px-Freeacad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>The Free Academy at Lexington Avenue and 23rd Street in New York City in the 1800s</figcaption></figure> <p>City College's original campus, the Free Academy Building, existed from 1849 to 1907. The building was designed by <a href="/wiki/James_Renwick_Jr." title="James Renwick Jr.">James Renwick Jr.</a> and was located at <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="23rd Street (Manhattan)">23rd Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a>. According to some sources, it was the first Gothic Revival college building on the East Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renwick's building was demolished in 1928, and replaced in 1930 with a 16-story structure that is part of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch College</a> campus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lewisohn_Stadium">Lewisohn Stadium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lewisohn Stadium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lewisohn_Stadium" title="Lewisohn Stadium">Lewisohn Stadium</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolph_Lewisohn_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Adolph_Lewisohn_Stadium.jpg/220px-Adolph_Lewisohn_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Adolph_Lewisohn_Stadium.jpg/330px-Adolph_Lewisohn_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Adolph_Lewisohn_Stadium.jpg/440px-Adolph_Lewisohn_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>The former Adolph Lewisohn Stadium, now the site of the North Academic Center (1915)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1900s, after most of the Neo-Gothic campus had been built, CCNY President John H. Finley wanted the college to have a stadium to replace the existing inadequate facilities. New York City did not provide the money needed to build a stadium, but donated two city blocks south of the campus which were open park land. In 1912, businessman and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Lewisohn" title="Adolph Lewisohn">Adolph Lewisohn</a> donated $75,000 for the stadium's construction and Finley commissioned architect <a href="/wiki/Arnold_W._Brunner" title="Arnold W. Brunner">Arnold W. Brunner</a> to design Lewisohn Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lewisohn Stadium was built as a 6,000-seat stadium, with thousands more seats available on the infield during concerts, and was dedicated on May 29, 1915, two years after Finley had left his post at the college. College graduation services were held in Lewisohn for many years, with the last graduation held in 1973 shortly before it was demolished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_demolished_buildings">Other demolished buildings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other demolished buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A separate library building originally planned in 1912 for the campus was never built. Ground was broken on March 25, 1927, for a free-standing library to be built on St. Nicholas Terrace, between St. Nicholas and 141st Streets. Only one-fifth of the original library plan was constructed at a cost of $850,000, far above the $150,000 alumni had collected to establish a library at the original Amsterdam Avenue and 140th Street site. The Bowker/Alumni Library stood at the present site of the Steinman Engineering building until 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Orphan_Asylum_of_New_York" title="Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York">Hebrew Orphan Asylum</a> was erected in 1884 on Amsterdam Avenue between 136th and 138th Streets, and was designed by William H. Hume.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was already there when City College moved to upper Manhattan. When it closed in the 1940s, the building was used by City College to house members of the U.S. Armed Forces assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Army_Specialized_Training_Program" title="Army Specialized Training Program">Army Specialized Training Program</a> (ASTP). From 1946 to 1955, it was used as a dormitory, library, and classroom space for the college. It was called "Army Hall" until it was demolished in 1955 and 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, CCNY purchased a former Episcopal orphanage on 135th Street and Convent Avenue (North campus), and renamed it Klapper Hall, after <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klapper" title="Paul Klapper">Paul Klapper</a> (Class of 1904) Professor and the Dean of School of Education and who was later the first president of Queens College/CUNY (1937–1952). Klapper Hall was red brick in Georgian style and served until 1983 as home of the School of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campus_location_and_transportation">Campus location and transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Campus location and transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institution is located between West 130th and West 141st Streets in Manhattan, along Convent Avenue and St. Nicholas Terrace, between Amsterdam and St. Nicholas Avenues. The campus is served by the following transportation: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>: the <a href="/wiki/137th_Street_%E2%80%93_City_College_(IRT_Broadway_%E2%80%93_Seventh_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="137th Street – City College (IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line)">137th Street–City College</a> subway station at <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>, served by the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)">1</a></span> train; the <a href="/wiki/145th_Street_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="145th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">145th Street</a> station at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Nicholas Avenue (Manhattan)">Saint Nicholas Avenue</a>, served by the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="A (New York City Subway service)">A</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="B (New York City Subway service)">B</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="C (New York City Subway service)">C</a></span>, and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="D (New York City Subway service)">D</a></span> trains; and the <a href="/wiki/135th_Street_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="135th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">135th Street</a> station at Saint Nicholas Avenue, served by the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="B (New York City Subway service)">B</a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="C (New York City Subway service)">C</a></span> trains. The south end of the station is closer to CCNY and is served by the institution's bus service on weekdays.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">MTA Regional Bus Operations</a>' <a href="/wiki/M3_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 (New York City bus)">M3</a>, <a href="/wiki/M4_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M4 (New York City bus)">M4</a>, <a href="/wiki/M5_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M5 (New York City bus)">M5</a>, <a href="/wiki/M11_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M11 (New York City bus)">M11</a>, <a href="/wiki/M100_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M100 (New York City bus)">M100</a>, <a href="/wiki/M101_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M101 (New York City bus)">M101</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bx33_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bx33 (New York City bus)">Bx33</a> routes and campus shuttle buses<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The City College of New York is organized into five schools, plus the Macaulay Honors College. The five schools of the City College of New York are The Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership, The Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture, The School of Education, The Grove School of Engineering, and The CUNY School of Medicine. In addition to the five schools, there's the Division of Humanities and Arts, the Division of Science, and the Division of Interdisciplinary Studies at the Center of for Worker Education. The institution offers the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Bachelor of Science in education (B.S. Ed.), Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.), Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.), Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) degrees at the undergraduate level, and the Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Science (M.S.), Master of Science in education (M.S.Ed.), Master of Engineering (M.E.), Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.), Master of Architecture (M.Arch.), Master of Landscape Architecture (M.L.A.), Master of Urban Planning (M.U.P.), Master of Professional Studies (M.P.S.), Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees at the graduate level. </p><p>For the fall 2016 entering class of freshman, the average <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> score was 1260/1600 and the average high school <a href="/wiki/GPA" class="mw-redirect" title="GPA">GPA</a> was 90/100%.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the 2023–2024 academic year, the City College of New York achieved earned the following national rankings: </p> <ul><li>ARWU: 118 - 144 <sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Forbes: 167 <sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>THE/WSJ: 212 <sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>US News & World: 105<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Washington Monthly: 185 <sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>QS: 185 <sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physics">Physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The City College of New York has had a long and distinguished history in physics. Three of its alumni went on to become Nobel laureates in physics: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> in 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a> in 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Lederman">Leon Lederman</a> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> gave the first of his series of United States lectures at the City College of New York in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other distinguished alumni and past faculty in the field are <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zemansky" title="Mark Zemansky">Mark Zemansky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Zener" title="Clarence Zener">Clarence Zener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Feigenbaum" title="Mitchell Feigenbaum">Mitchell Feigenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Sarachik" title="Myriam Sarachik">Myriam Sarachik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Susskind" title="Leonard Susskind">Leonard Susskind</a>. Current faculty include <a href="/wiki/Robert_Alfano" title="Robert Alfano">Robert Alfano</a><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Michio_Kaku" title="Michio Kaku">Michio Kaku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advanced_Science_Research_Center">Advanced Science Research Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Advanced Science Research Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CCNY hosts a research center focusing on nanotechnology, structural biology, photonics, neuroscience and environmental sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CUNY_Dominican_Studies_Institute">CUNY Dominican Studies Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part of CCNY's <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell_School_for_Civic_and_Global_Leadership" title="Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership">Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership</a>, the <a href="/wiki/CUNY_Dominican_Studies_Institute" title="CUNY Dominican Studies Institute">CUNY Dominican Studies Institute</a> is the nation's only university-based research center devoted to "the history of the Dominican Republic and people of Dominican descent in the United States and across the wider Dominican diaspora."<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CUNY_Energy_Institute">CUNY Energy Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: CUNY Energy Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conducts cutting edge research on renewable energy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="College_seal_and_medal_logo">College seal and medal logo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: College seal and medal logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The design of the three-faced college seal refers to <a href="/wiki/Janus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Janus (mythology)">Janus</a>, the Roman god of beginnings, whose two faces connect the past and the future. The seal was redesigned for the college's Centennial Medal in 1947 by Albert P. d'Andrea (class of 1918).<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'Andrea later was a professor of art at CCNY. </p><p>In 2003, administrators at the institution decided to create a logo distinct from its seal, with the stylized text "the City College of New York."<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Athletics">Athletics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Athletics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olympic gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wittenberg" title="Henry Wittenberg">Henry Wittenberg</a> was co-captain of the CCNY wrestling team in 1939 during his undergraduate studies. After participating in two Olympics, he then taught wrestling at CCNY. In 1977, he was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCNY is the only team in men's college basketball history to win both the <a href="/wiki/1950_National_Invitation_Tournament" title="1950 National Invitation Tournament">National Invitation Tournament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1950_NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament">NCAA Tournament</a> in the same year (<a href="/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_CCNY_Beavers_men%27s_basketball_team" title="1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team">1950</a>). However, this accomplishment was overshadowed by the <a href="/wiki/CCNY_point_shaving_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="CCNY point shaving scandal">CCNY point shaving scandal</a> in which seven CCNY basketball players were arrested in 1951 for taking money from gamblers to affect the outcome of games. </p><p>From 1934 until 1941, future NFL Hall of Famer <a href="/wiki/Benny_Friedman" title="Benny Friedman">Benny Friedman</a> was the football coach at City College.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, future four-time Olympian <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bukantz" title="Daniel Bukantz">Daniel Bukantz</a> was the intercollegiate foil champion.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Future Olympian <a href="/wiki/James_Strauch" title="James Strauch">James Strauch</a> fenced for CCNY, graduating in 1942. In 1948, future Olympian <a href="/wiki/Abram_Cohen" title="Abram Cohen">Abram Cohen</a> was a member of the NCAA Champion CCNY team.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year future five-time Olympian <a href="/wiki/Albert_Axelrod" title="Albert Axelrod">Albert Axelrod</a> was U.S. <a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Fencing_Association" title="Intercollegiate Fencing Association">Intercollegiate Fencing Association</a> and <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> Champion in foil.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishSportsNet_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishSportsNet-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Goldsmith" title="Harold Goldsmith">Harold Goldsmith</a>, a future three-time Olympian, won the 1952 NCAA foil championship while at CCNY.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The City College of New York and its resident art collection were founded in 1847. The collection contains roughly one thousand eight hundred works of art ranging from the historical to the contemporary. A portion of the collection was obtained through donations and <i>Percent for Art</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The collection includes works by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Blashfield" title="Edwin Blashfield">Edwin Howland Blashfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pach" title="Walter Pach">Walter Pach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alston" title="Charles Alston">Charles Alston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Soyer" title="Raphael Soyer">Raphael Soyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lozowick" title="Louis Lozowick">Louis Lozowick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Parrish" title="Stephen Parrish">Stephen Parrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Adolphe_Rajon" title="Paul Adolphe Rajon">Paul Adolphe Rajon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Fortuny_(painter)" title="Mariano Fortuny (painter)">Mariano Fortuny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Bridges" title="Marilyn Bridges">Marilyn Bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Clergue" title="Lucien Clergue">Lucien Clergue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Erwitt" title="Elliott Erwitt">Elliott Erwitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Feininger" title="Andreas Feininger">Andreas Feininger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Feinstein" title="Harold Feinstein">Harold Feinstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Fink_(photographer)" title="Larry Fink (photographer)">Larry Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Freewheelin%27_Bob_Dylan" title="The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan">Sally Gall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gibson" title="Ralph Gibson">Ralph Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Liebling" title="Jerome Liebling">Jerome Liebling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mapplethorpe" title="Robert Mapplethorpe">Robert Mapplethorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Mark" title="Mary Ellen Mark">Mary Ellen Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Meyerowitz" title="Joel Meyerowitz">Joel Meyerowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Norman" title="Dorothy Norman">Dorothy Norman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Peress" title="Gilles Peress">Gilles Peress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Works from the collection include several <a href="/wiki/Keith_Haring" title="Keith Haring">Keith Haring</a> prints and <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Curtis" title="Edward S. Curtis">Edward Curtis's</a> <i>The North American Indian</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is currently no art museum at City College; thus, much of the collection is not on view. Undergraduate students interact with the collection through classes. There are, however, three locations where student-created or curated artwork can be seen on campus: Compton-Goethals Gallery,<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Cohen Library Archives Gallery,<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Windows on Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Library Archives Gallery shows artwork from around the world, as well as from the CCNY community, and typically curates an annual <i>Women Make Art</i> exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_books,_films,_and_popular_culture"><span id="In_books.2C_films.2C_and_popular_culture"></span>In books, films, and popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In books, films, and popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Weidlich, Thom. (2000). <i>Appointment Denied: The Inquisition of Bertrand Russell</i>. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. The book covers Russell's failed appointment to the City College faculty.</li> <li>The 2023 documentary <i>The Five Demands</i> provides archival footage and interviews with students who led the 1969 protests at City College.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The central character in <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>'s short story "The Kugelmass Episode" is a lovesick City College humanities professor.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Clay, one of the principal characters in Rumaan Alam's 2020 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Leave_the_World_Behind_(novel)" title="Leave the World Behind (novel)"> Leave the World Behind</a></i> is a professor at City College<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Joseph Dorman, director. (1997). <i>Arguing the World</i>. First a feature documentary film shown at the <a href="/wiki/Film_Forum" title="Film Forum">Film Forum</a> in New York City, later on PBS.</li> <li>Matthew Goodman. (2019). <i>The City Game: Triumph, Scandal, and a Legendary Basketball</i>. New York, Ballantine.</li> <li>James Traub. (1994). <i>City on a Hill: Testing the American Dream at City College</i>. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_City_College_of_New_York_people" title="List of City College of New York people">List of City College of New York people</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosenberg/Humphrey_Program_in_Public_Policy" title="Rosenberg/Humphrey Program in Public Policy">Rosenberg/Humphrey Program in Public Policy</a> fellowship</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">Timeline of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_CCNY_Beavers_men%27s_basketball_team" title="1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team">1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattanville_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattanville College">Manhattanville College</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shakur escaped the <a href="/wiki/Edna_Mahan_Correctional_Facility_for_Women" title="Edna Mahan Correctional Facility for Women">New Jersey Clinton Correctional Facility for Women</a> while serving a life sentence for the 1973 murder of a New Jersey state trooper.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morales, convicted in 1979 for possession of explosives and transporting them across state lines, escaped from the <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Hospital" title="Bellevue Hospital">Bellevue Hospital</a> prison ward.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/city-college-unveils-new-combined-foundation-290m-endowment-martin-cohen-70-dave-wall-97-head">City College unveils new combined foundation with $290m endowment; Martin Cohen '70 & Dave Wall '97 head distinguished board</a>. CCNY Foundation. 26 December 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?s=NY&id=190567">"College Navigator – CUNY City College"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Education_Statistics" title="National Center for Education Statistics">National Center for Education Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+Navigator+%E2%80%93+CUNY+City+College&rft.pub=National+Center+for+Education+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fcollegenavigator%2F%3Fs%3DNY%26id%3D190567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/CCNY_StyleGuide_FY19.pdf#page=4">"College Colors"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The City College of New York Style and Brand Guidelines</i>. July 17, 2018. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+College+of+New+York+Style+and+Brand+Guidelines&rft.atitle=College+Colors&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2018-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCCNY_StyleGuide_FY19.pdf%23page%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"... the founding, in 1847, of the Free Academy, the very first free public institution of higher education in the nation.", Baruch College history website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/about/glance.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060725035256/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/about/glance.html">Archived</a> July 25, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070327234413/http://www1.cuny.edu/about/index.html">"CUNY's list of its 23 institutions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cuny.edu/about/index.html">the original</a> on March 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CUNY%27s+list+of+its+23+institutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.cuny.edu%2Fabout%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/10/education/10cuny.html">"CUNY Seeing Fewer Blacks at Top Schools"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CUNY+Seeing+Fewer+Blacks+at+Top+Schools&rft.date=2006-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F08%2F10%2Feducation%2F10cuny.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/prospective/about/upload/CURRENTmap07.pdf">CCNY campus map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317030115/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/prospective/about/upload/CURRENTmap07.pdf">Archived</a> March 17, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> which shows the lower section extending to 130th St. where the new Towers dormitory is, and up north to 141st St. where Steinman Hall ends and CCNY Alumni House stands.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/cwe">"Division of Interdisciplinary Studies at the Center for Worker Education"</a>. The City College of New York. July 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Division+of+Interdisciplinary+Studies+at+the+Center+for+Worker+Education&rft.pub=The+City+College+of+New+York&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fcwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccny.cuny.edu-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ccny.cuny.edu_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/about/history">"Our History – The City College of New York"</a>. The City College of New York. June 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+The+City+College+of+New+York&rft.pub=The+City+College+of+New+York&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delta_Sigma_Phi_1899-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Delta_Sigma_Phi_1899_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delta_Sigma_Phi_1899_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fn: Philosophy of Delta Sigma Phi, December 10, 1899. Delta Sigma Phi Archives, Indianapolis, IN.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoodmanNYT1984-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GoodmanNYT1984_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoodmanNYT1984_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoodmanNYT1984_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman1984" class="citation news cs1">Goodman, Walter E. (April 16, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/16/nyregion/ccny-alumni-recall-1949-strike.html">"C.C.N.Y. Alumni Recall 1949 Strike"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. B10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=C.C.N.Y.+Alumni+Recall+1949+Strike&rft.pages=B10&rft.date=1984-04-16&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Walter+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F04%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Fccny-alumni-recall-1949-strike.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826225241/https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/college-university-search/city-university-of-new-york-city-college?searchtype=college&q=City+University+of+New+York%3A+City+College+%28NY%29">"City University of New York: City College | CCNY | The College Board"</a>. <i>bigfuture.collegeboard.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/college-university-search/city-university-of-new-york-city-college?searchtype=college&q=City+University+of+New+York:+City+College+(NY)">the original</a> on August 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bigfuture.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=City+University+of+New+York%3A+City+College+%7C+CCNY+%7C+The+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigfuture.collegeboard.org%2Fcollege-university-search%2Fcity-university-of-new-york-city-college%3Fsearchtype%3Dcollege%26q%3DCity%2BUniversity%2Bof%2BNew%2BYork%3A%2BCity%2BCollege%2B%28NY%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331193210/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=190567">"Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup"</a>. <i>carnegieclassifications.iu.edu</i>. Center for Postsecondary Education. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=190567">the original</a> on March 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu&rft.atitle=Carnegie+Classifications+Institution+Lookup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieclassifications.iu.edu%2Flookup%2Fview_institution.php%3Funit_id%3D190567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesse-Douglas">"Jesse Douglas | American mathematician"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Jesse+Douglas+%7C+American+mathematician&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJesse-Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethw.org/Robert_Kahn">"Robert Kahn – Engineering and Technology History Wiki"</a>. <i>ethw.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ethw.org&rft.atitle=Robert+Kahn+%E2%80%93+Engineering+and+Technology+History+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2FRobert_Kahn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennanClarage1999" class="citation book cs1">Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Clarage, Elizabeth C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=63nvmt4HqTEC"><i>Who's who of Pulitzer Prize Winners</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-111-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-111-2"><bdi>978-1-57356-111-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+of+Pulitzer+Prize+Winners&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57356-111-2&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=Clarage%2C+Elizabeth+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D63nvmt4HqTEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhodesscholar.org/winners/college-and-university-winners/">"Colleges and Universities with U.S. Rhodes Scholarship Winners | The Rhodes Scholarships"</a>. <i>www.rhodesscholar.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rhodesscholar.org&rft.atitle=Colleges+and+Universities+with+U.S.+Rhodes+Scholarship+Winners+%7C+The+Rhodes+Scholarships&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodesscholar.org%2Fwinners%2Fcollege-and-university-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/nobel-laureate.cfm">"John O'Keefe, Class of '63, Wins Nobel Prize"</a>. Ccny.cuny.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+O%27Keefe%2C+Class+of+%2763%2C+Wins+Nobel+Prize&rft.pub=Ccny.cuny.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fnews%2Fnobel-laureate.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Traub-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Traub_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Traub_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Traub_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Traub, James. <i>City on a Hill: Testing the American Dream at City College.</i> Addison-Wesley, 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Bar_of_the_City_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of the Bar of the City of New York">Association of the Bar of the City of New York</a>, Report of the Commission on the Future of CUNY: Part I Remediation and Access: To Educate the "Children of the Whole People", 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050319214749/http://www.abcny.org/Publications/reports/show_html.php?rid=47">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/bwaypast4.htm#Niblo's">"Niblo's Garden"</a> – Demolished Theatres, <i>musicals101.com</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Bender, pp. 271–273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Bender, p. 273, footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829152221/http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/stand_columbia/TimelineGibbsAffair.html">"The Wolcott Gibbs Affair at Columbia, 1854"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/stand_columbia/TimelineGibbsAffair.html">the original</a> on August 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wolcott+Gibbs+Affair+at+Columbia%2C+1854&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeatl.barnard.columbia.edu%2Fstand_columbia%2FTimelineGibbsAffair.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss1985" class="citation news cs1">Weiss, Samuel (June 10, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/10/nyregion/the-new-townsend-harris-high-keeps-old-goals.html">"THE NEW TOWNSEND HARRIS HIGH KEEPS OLD GOALS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+NEW+TOWNSEND+HARRIS+HIGH+KEEPS+OLD+GOALS&rft.date=1985-06-10&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F06%2F10%2Fnyregion%2Fthe-new-townsend-harris-high-keeps-old-goals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bender2-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bender2_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bender2_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Bender, pp. 291–292</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudy, Willis, <i>The College of the City of New York: A History 1847–1947</i>, City College Press 1949. Also issued as a thesis by Columbia University. Reprinted in 1977 by the Arno Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Minutes, Trustees, Board of Higher Education, 1929, p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070524003658/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804043,00.html">Subway College</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a>, October 28, 1946.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The statue is on the east side of Convent Avenue near both Shepherd Hall and the Administration Building.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ATPS-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ATPS_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandRalph_WattsJames_E._Sefton1993" class="citation cs2">Rand, Frank Prentice; Ralph Watts; James E. Sefton (1993), <i>All The Phi Sigs – A History</i>, Grand Chapter of Phi Sigma Kappa</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+The+Phi+Sigs+%E2%80%93+A+History&rft.pub=Grand+Chapter+of+Phi+Sigma+Kappa&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Frank+Prentice&rft.au=Ralph+Watts&rft.au=James+E.+Sefton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howe_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe1976" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Irving (1976). <i>World of our fathers</i>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+of+our+fathers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Irving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zbt.org/">"Zeta Beta Tau Homepage"</a>. ZBT<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zeta+Beta+Tau+Homepage&rft.pub=ZBT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zbt.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabcock1981" class="citation news cs1">Babcock, Charles R. (November 9, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1981/11/09/once-poor-mans-harvard-now-lab-for-education-strategy/feed4874-c624-458b-a334-b9ba3fd06a62/">"Once 'Poor Man's Harvard,' Now Lab for Education Strategy"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Once+%27Poor+Man%27s+Harvard%2C%27+Now+Lab+for+Education+Strategy&rft.date=1981-11-09&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Babcock&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1981%2F11%2F09%2Fonce-poor-mans-harvard-now-lab-for-education-strategy%2Ffeed4874-c624-458b-a334-b9ba3fd06a62%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Sobel1994" class="citation web cs1">Robert Sobel (November 21, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n2041_v40/ai_16036295">"Review of <i>City on a Hill: Testing the American Dream at City College</i> by James Traub"</a>. Electronic News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+City+on+a+Hill%3A+Testing+the+American+Dream+at+City+College+by+James+Traub&rft.pub=Electronic+News&rft.date=1994-11-21&rft.au=Robert+Sobel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0EKF%2Fis_n2041_v40%2Fai_16036295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see article Nobel Prize laureates by university affiliation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www1.ccny.cuny.edu-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-www1.ccny.cuny.edu_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2016)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/presskit/">"CCNY – An Experiment in Democracy Going Strong Over 160 Years Later"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051224054553/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/presskit/">Archived</a> December 24, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – CCNY website press information</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/presskit/nobel/index.cfm">"Nine graduates of City College have won the Nobel Prize"</a>, CCNY website press information</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Memorial plaques providing the numbers and honoring those who gave their lives can be found in the second floor rotunda of the NAC building on the CCNY campus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arguing-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arguing_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arguing_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Dorman, director. <i>Arguing the World</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/arguing/">"Arguing the World"</a> – PBS documentary, 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/arguing/about_essays_1.html">"Finding My Way to the Alcoves"</a> – Joseph Dorman, film director of "Arguing the World."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bertrand Russell, <i>The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell: The Middle Years: 1914–1944</i>. Bantam, 1969, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thom Weidlich. <i>Appointment Denied: The Inquisition of Bertrand Russell</i>. Prometheus Books, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris Freedman, "The Knickerbocker Case", <i>Commentary</i>, August 1945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FeinbergNYT1949-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FeinbergNYT1949_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FeinbergNYT1949_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FeinbergNYT1949_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeinberg1949" class="citation news cs1">Feinberg, Alexander (April 12, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/04/12/archives/city-college-students-clash-with-police-in-bias-strike-students.html">"City College Students Clash with Police in 'Bias' Strike"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. pp. 1, 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+College+Students+Clash+with+Police+in+%27Bias%27+Strike&rft.pages=1%2C+36&rft.date=1949-04-12&rft.aulast=Feinberg&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F04%2F12%2Farchives%2Fcity-college-students-clash-with-police-in-bias-strike-students.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"William C. Davis, Educator, Is Dead". <i>The New York Times</i>. August 16, 1948. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=William+C.+Davis%2C+Educator%2C+Is+Dead&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1948-08-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reitano, Joanne R., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60bQLzwGVjsC">"The Restless City: A Short History of New York from Colonial Times to the Present"</a>, CRC Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-97849-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-97849-1">0-415-97849-1</a>. Cf. page 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross1978" class="citation journal cs1">Gross, Theodore L. (February 4, 1978). "How to Kill a College". <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Review_(U.S._magazine)" title="Saturday Review (U.S. magazine)">Saturday Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saturday+Review&rft.atitle=How+to+Kill+a+College&rft.date=1978-02-04&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Theodore+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2023" class="citation news cs1">Shaffer, Claire (July 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/13/movies/the-five-demands-review.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Five Demands' Review: Occupying a College for Racial Justice"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27The+Five+Demands%27+Review%3A+Occupying+a+College+for+Racial+Justice&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F07%2F13%2Fmovies%2Fthe-five-demands-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cunyhistory.tripod.com/thehistoryofcitycollege19691999/id1.html">"1969 Open Admission Strike"</a>. <i>Cunyhistory.tripod.com</i>. February 13, 1969<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cunyhistory.tripod.com&rft.atitle=1969+Open+Admission+Strike&rft.date=1969-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcunyhistory.tripod.com%2Fthehistoryofcitycollege19691999%2Fid1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez-Peña2012" class="citation news cs1">Pérez-Peña, Richard (May 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/23/nyregion/at-cunys-top-colleges-black-and-hispanic-freshmen-enrollments-drop.html?pagewanted=all">"At Cuny, Stricter Admissions Bring Ethnic Switch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+Cuny%2C+Stricter+Admissions+Bring+Ethnic+Switch&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez-Pe%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F23%2Fnyregion%2Fat-cunys-top-colleges-black-and-hispanic-freshmen-enrollments-drop.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/joanne-chesimard-first-woman-named-to-most-wanted-terrorists-list">"Joanne Chesimard First Woman Named to Most Wanted Terrorists List"</a>. <i>Federal Bureau of Investigation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft.atitle=Joanne+Chesimard+First+Woman+Named+to+Most+Wanted+Terrorists+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fnews%2Fstories%2Fjoanne-chesimard-first-woman-named-to-most-wanted-terrorists-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/fbigov_homepage_new">"Welcome to FBI.gov"</a>. <i>Federal Bureau of Investigation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+FBI.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Ffbigov_homepage_new&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017012104/http://defendmorales-shakur.org/biographies/">"Biographies | Guillermo Morales/Assata Shakur Community and Student Center"</a>. <i>Defendmorales-shakur.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://defendmorales-shakur.org/biographies/">the original</a> on October 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defendmorales-shakur.org&rft.atitle=Biographies+%26%23124%3B+Guillermo+Morales%2FAssata+Shakur+Community+and+Student+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdefendmorales-shakur.org%2Fbiographies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wise, Daniel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202447703512&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1">"First Amendment Violation Claim Proceeds Against College Over Removed Plaque"</a>, <i>New York Law Journal</i>, April 8, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaminer2013" class="citation news cs1">Kaminer, Ariel (October 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/22/nyregion/protests-as-city-college-closes-a-student-center.html">"Protests as City College Closes a Student Center"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Protests+as+City+College+Closes+a+Student+Center&rft.date=2013-10-21&rft.aulast=Kaminer&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F10%2F22%2Fnyregion%2Fprotests-as-city-college-closes-a-student-center.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/1997/5/16/19312646/postcard-honors-city-college-of-n-y-s-150th-birthday">"Postcard honors City College of N.Y.'s 150th birthday"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. Associated Press. May 16, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Postcard+honors+City+College+of+N.Y.%27s+150th+birthday&rft.date=1997-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F1997%2F5%2F16%2F19312646%2Fpostcard-honors-city-college-of-n-y-s-150th-birthday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macaulay.cuny.edu/about/history.php">"History: Macaulay Honors College"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613044118/http://macaulay.cuny.edu/about/history.php">Archived</a> June 13, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CUNY website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312123534/http://www-me.engr.ccny.cuny.edu/GSOE/video/">"Grove School of Engineering Video"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-me.engr.ccny.cuny.edu/GSOE/video/">the original</a> on March 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grove+School+of+Engineering+Video&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-me.engr.ccny.cuny.edu%2FGSOE%2Fvideo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/engineering/phd-about">Grove School of Engineering: About the Ph.D. Program</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/prospective/architecture/index.cfm">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201225641/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/prospective/architecture/index.cfm">Archived</a> December 1, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, C. J. (April 22, 2009). City College's Architecture School Snares $25 Million Gift. <i>Architectural Record</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/090422citycollege.asp">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gc.cuny.edu/Page-Elements/Academics-Research-Centers-Initiatives/Doctoral-Programs/Psychology/Training-Areas/Clinical-Psychology-@-City-College.aspx">Clinical Psychology@City College</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citylimits.org/2023/05/19/after-years-long-push-city-college-to-open-center-for-immigrant-students/">"After Years-Long Push, City College to Open Center for Immigrant Students"</a>. May 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+Years-Long+Push%2C+City+College+to+Open+Center+for+Immigrant+Students&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitylimits.org%2F2023%2F05%2F19%2Fafter-years-long-push-city-college-to-open-center-for-immigrant-students%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfredVenkatKeys2024" class="citation news cs1">Alfred, Tsehai; Venkat, Surina; Keys, Chimene (May 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.columbiaspectator.com/city-news/2024/05/01/nypd-arrests-at-least-173-protesters-inside-and-outside-city-college-sweeps-encampment/">"NYPD arrests at least 173 protesters inside and outside City College, sweeps encampment"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NYPD+arrests+at+least+173+protesters+inside+and+outside+City+College%2C+sweeps+encampment&rft.date=2024-05-01&rft.aulast=Alfred&rft.aufirst=Tsehai&rft.au=Venkat%2C+Surina&rft.au=Keys%2C+Chimene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbiaspectator.com%2Fcity-news%2F2024%2F05%2F01%2Fnypd-arrests-at-least-173-protesters-inside-and-outside-city-college-sweeps-encampment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyti.ms/36bqa9s">"Dr. Nelson Mead Is Dead at 89; President of C.C.N.Y. in 1930's; Acting Chief Eased Tension After Widespread Unrest Forced Out Predecessor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 27, 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Nelson+Mead+Is+Dead+at+89%3B+President+of+C.C.N.Y.+in+1930%27s%3B+Acting+Chief+Eased+Tension+After+Widespread+Unrest+Forced+Out+Predecessor&rft.date=1967-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyti.ms%2F36bqa9s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160922183843/http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/1999/08/27/board-names-cuny-interim-chancellor-as-president-of-brooklyn-college-designates-three-acting-presidents-announces-new-searches/">"Board Names CUNY Interim Chancellor as President of Brooklyn College, Designates Three Acting Presidents, Announces New Searches"</a>. <i>www1.cuny.edu</i>. City University of New York. August 27, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/1999/08/27/board-names-cuny-interim-chancellor-as-president-of-brooklyn-college-designates-three-acting-presidents-announces-new-searches/">the original</a> on September 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www1.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=Board+Names+CUNY+Interim+Chancellor+as+President+of+Brooklyn+College%2C+Designates+Three+Acting+Presidents%2C+Announces+New+Searches&rft.date=1999-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.cuny.edu%2Fmu%2Fforum%2F1999%2F08%2F27%2Fboard-names-cuny-interim-chancellor-as-president-of-brooklyn-college-designates-three-acting-presidents-announces-new-searches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/chancellor/2009/09/29/cuny-board-appoints-dr-robert-e-paaswell-interim-president-of-ccny/">"CUNY Board Appoints Dr. Robert E. Paaswell Interim President of CCNY"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329064524/http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/chancellor/2009/09/29/cuny-board-appoints-dr-robert-e-paaswell-interim-president-of-ccny/">Archived</a> March 29, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>News from the Chancellor</i>, September 29, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/profiles/vincent-boudreau">"Vincent Boudreau"</a>. <i>The City College of New York</i>. November 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+College+of+New+York&rft.atitle=Vincent+Boudreau&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fprofiles%2Fvincent-boudreau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/Fletcher'sNYCpage.jpg">"Early CCNY picture"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502033142/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/Fletcher%27sNYCpage.jpg">Archived</a> May 2, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>CCNY in Souvenirs, 1900–1947</i>, CCNY Libraries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/CCNYpostcard3.jpg">"Early CCNY picture postcard"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502040529/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/CCNYpostcard3.jpg">Archived</a> May 2, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>CCNY in Souvenirs, 1900–1947</i>, CCNY Libraries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218224053/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/ccny-convent-old.jpg">"General View of The College of the City of New York (c.1906)"</a> (archived 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218224056/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/Graphics/panoramic.jpg">"Panoramic View of The College of The City of New York" (c.1906)"</a> (archived 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morrone_2009_p._343-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morrone_2009_p._343_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrone2009" class="citation book cs1">Morrone, Francis (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EnM7nPb43DoC&pg=PA343"><i>Architectural Guidebook to New York City</i></a>. Gibbs Smith, Publisher. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-1116-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-1116-5"><bdi>978-1-4236-1116-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architectural+Guidebook+to+New+York+City&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=Gibbs+Smith%2C+Publisher&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4236-1116-5&rft.aulast=Morrone&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEnM7nPb43DoC%26pg%3DPA343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/CCNYpostcard16.jpg">"Early CCNY picture postcard: Shepard Hall"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502040624/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/CCNYpostcard16.jpg">Archived</a> May 2, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>CCNY in Souvenirs, 1900–1947</i>, CCNY Libraries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycago.org/Organs/NYC/img/CCNY_GreatHallInt.jpg">"Great Hall CCNY"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703114242/http://www.nycago.org/Organs/NYC/img/CCNY_GreatHallInt.jpg">Archived</a> July 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>NYC Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/American_Guild_of_Organists" title="American Guild of Organists">American Guild of Organists</a></i> website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiner, Mina Rieur, (editor), <i>Edwin Howland Blashfield: Master American Muralist</i>, New York : W.W. Norton, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-73281-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-73281-8">978-0-393-73281-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/New-Book-on-Edwin-Blashfield-Features-CCNY-Mural.cfm">"New Book on Edwin Blashfield features CCNY Mural"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918152131/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/New-Book-on-Edwin-Blashfield-Features-CCNY-Mural.cfm">Archived</a> September 18, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Press Release, City College of New York, Thursday, September 17, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200254/https://www.cuny.edu/about/administration/offices/fpcm/quicklinks/TheCityCollegeofNewYork.pdf">"The City College of New York : North Campus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cuny.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuny.edu/about/administration/offices/fpcm/quicklinks/TheCityCollegeofNewYork.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+City+College+of+New+York+%3A+North+Campus&rft.pub=Cuny.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuny.edu%2Fabout%2Fadministration%2Foffices%2Ffpcm%2Fquicklinks%2FTheCityCollegeofNewYork.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinner1956" class="citation journal cs1">Skinner, Ernest (January 1, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025183738/https://www.thediapason.com/sites/thediapason/files/195601TheDiapason.pdf">"Ernest M. Skinner will be 90 Years Old"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diapason" title="The Diapason">The Diapason</a></i>. <b>47</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thediapason.com/sites/thediapason/files/195601TheDiapason.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diapason&rft.atitle=Ernest+M.+Skinner+will+be+90+Years+Old&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=1956-01-01&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thediapason.com%2Fsites%2Fthediapason%2Ffiles%2F195601TheDiapason.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414140919/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/BASKERVILLE.GIF">"Old Postcard: College of the City of New York: Chemical Building (Baskerville Hall)"</a> (archived 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/CCNYpostcard15.jpg">"Old Postcard: College of the City of New York: Mechanical Arts Building (Compton Goethals Hall)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502040617/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/CCNYpostcard15.jpg">Archived</a> May 2, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406022517/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/harris-hall.jpg">"Old Photograph of Townsend Harris Hall"</a> (archived 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051218103505/http://www.liberty-stone.com/Images/wingate.jpg">"Modern View of Wingate Hall entrance"</a>. Liberty-stone.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberty-stone.com/Images/wingate.jpg">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(JPG)</span> on December 18, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modern+View+of+Wingate+Hall+entrance&rft.pub=Liberty-stone.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberty-stone.com%2FImages%2Fwingate.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/aboutus/campus/campuspictssmall/wingatehall.jpg">"Modern Photograph of Wingate Hall"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060705221939/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/aboutus/campus/campuspictssmall/wingatehall.jpg">Archived</a> July 5, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – CCNY website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414140919/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/shep-wingate.jpg">"Postcard"</a>. April 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/shep-wingate.jpg">the original</a> on April 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postcard&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fpublic_safety%2Fshep-wingate.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhparch.com/project.aspx?cat=5&id=19">"Compton Goethals Hall Remodeling Project"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713203230/http://www.lhparch.com/project.aspx?cat=5&id=19">Archived</a> July 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lee Harris Pomeroy Architects website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadinsky2005" class="citation web cs1">Kadinsky, Sergey (November 23, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccnycampus.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticle&ustory_id=9b9979b7-7a1b-4fdd-9723-b4ee1361718b">"The Hidden Architecture of CCNY"</a>. <i>CCNY Campus Newspaper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CCNY+Campus+Newspaper&rft.atitle=The+Hidden+Architecture+of+CCNY&rft.date=2005-11-23&rft.aulast=Kadinsky&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccnycampus.com%2Fhome%2Findex.cfm%3Fevent%3DdisplayArticle%26ustory_id%3D9b9979b7-7a1b-4fdd-9723-b4ee1361718b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cuny.edu/portal_ur/news/cuny_matters/april_06/images/architectural_janus_top.jpg">"Image of a stone grotesque on a CCNY building from 1906, holding a model of Shepard Hall"</a>, <i>CUNY Matters</i> magazine, Spring 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosenfeld, Neill S., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cuny.edu/portal_ur/news/cuny_matters/archives/2006/cm_legislative_lowres.pdf">Architectural JANUS: CUNY Preserves the Past, Builds for the Future"</a>, <i>CUNY Matters</i> magazine, Spring 2006, pp.7–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414140919/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/138-gates-amsterdam-people.jpg">"Postcard"</a>. April 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/138-gates-amsterdam-people.jpg">the original</a> on April 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postcard&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fpublic_safety%2F138-gates-amsterdam-people.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906115713/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/modelbuild.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: Architectural model of David B. Steinman Hall by Lorimar and Rose"</a>, CCNY Libraries exhibitions website, and Archives, City College of New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/aboutus/campus/campuspictssmall/adminwithsondra.jpg">"Administration Building CCNY"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060712181339/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/aboutus/campus/campuspictssmall/adminwithsondra.jpg">Archived</a> July 12, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CCNY website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612133900/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/dsc6.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: The Administration Building which was constructed on the northern portion of Jasper Oval"</a>, CCNY Libraries exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Administration Building Named for Howard E. Wille, ‘55", 138@Convent, CCNY newsletter, Volume 2, n.1, February 1, 2007, Office of Communications of The City College of New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414140919/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/ccny-athletic-old.jpg">"Postcard"</a>. April 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/public_safety/ccny-athletic-old.jpg">the original</a> on April 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postcard&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fpublic_safety%2Fccny-athletic-old.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216082530/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/images/street.gif">"Postcard"</a>. February 16, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/images/street.gif">the original</a> on February 16, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postcard&rft.date=2008-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forigin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu%2Flibrary%2Fexhibitions%2Flostworld%2Fimages%2Fstreet.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/aboutus/campus/campuspictssmall/sciencebuildingfrombpark2.jpg">"Marshak Science Building CCNY"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060705222143/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/aboutus/campus/campuspictssmall/sciencebuildingfrombpark2.jpg">Archived</a> July 5, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – CCNY website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908065900/http://www.mazeartist.com/usgmurals.htm">"CCNY USG Murals"</a>. Mazeartist.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mazeartist.com/usgmurals.htm">the original</a> on September 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCNY+USG+Murals&rft.pub=Mazeartist.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mazeartist.com%2Fusgmurals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/airview.html">"Aerial view of the South Campus, or Manhattanville Campus, taken prior to 1952"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612085655/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/airview.html">Archived</a> June 12, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysbc.org/">"Structural Biology Research Center website"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Structural+Biology+Research+Center+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysbc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/southcampus1.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: Mark Eisner Hall"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612140747/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/southcampus1.html">Archived</a> June 12, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CCNY Libraries Exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motthall.org/">"Mott Hall School website"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mott+Hall+School+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motthall.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/johnhfinley.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: John H. Finley Hall"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414141219/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/johnhfinley.html">Archived</a> April 14, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CCNY Libraries Exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612091646/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/wagnerhall.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: Wagner Hall"</a>, CCNY Libraries Exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106062154/http://ccnytowers.com/">"CCNY Towers website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccnytowers.com/">the original</a> on November 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCNY+Towers+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccnytowers.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2006" class="citation news cs1">Fernandez, Manny (August 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/26/nyregion/26dorm.html">"Going to College, and Living There, Too"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Going+to+College%2C+and+Living+There%2C+Too&rft.date=2006-08-26&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Manny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F08%2F26%2Fnyregion%2F26dorm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rkchin.com/ccnytowers/index.html">"Photos of the residence hall at the City College of NY"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photos+of+the+residence+hall+at+the+City+College+of+NY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rkchin.com%2Fccnytowers%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2023" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, Fred A. (March 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/03/arts/design/rafael-vinoly-dead.html">"Rafael Viñoly, Global Architect of Landmark Buildings, Dies at 78"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rafael+Vi%C3%B1oly%2C+Global+Architect+of+Landmark+Buildings%2C+Dies+at+78&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Fred+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F03%2F03%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Frafael-vinoly-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmerd2006" class="citation news cs1">Smerd, Jeremy (July 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/02/nyregion/thecity/an-academic-boomtown-brings-an-athletic-fields-demise.html">"An Academic Boomtown Brings an Athletic Field's Demise"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Academic+Boomtown+Brings+an+Athletic+Field%27s+Demise&rft.date=2006-07-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Smerd&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F07%2F02%2Fnyregion%2Fthecity%2Fan-academic-boomtown-brings-an-athletic-fields-demise.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asrc.cuny.edu/">"ASRC News"</a>. Asrc.cuny.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASRC+News&rft.pub=Asrc.cuny.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasrc.cuny.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120916062341/http://www.dasny.org/dasny/envaffs/scoping_meetings/FINAL_Legal_Notice.pdf">"Dormitory Authority of the State of New York: The City College of New York Science Building and The City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center: Phases I and II Project"</a>, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414132030/http://www.dasny.org/dasny/envaffs/impact_statements/CCNYSciBldgProj/">"Draft Environmental Impact Statement for The City College of New York Science Building and The City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center Project, Borough of Manhattan, New York County, New York (December 21, 2007)"</a>, The Dormitory Authority of the State of New York, December 21, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gtn-h.net/IGWCO2010/images/CAMPUS_MAP_L_Fall_09.jpg">"Fall 2009 CCNY Campus Map with proposed additions"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723140812/http://gtn-h.net/IGWCO2010/images/CAMPUS_MAP_L_Fall_09.jpg">Archived</a> July 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gtn-h.net/IGWCO2010/index.html">Integrated Global Water Cycle Observations (IGWCO) Workshop and Meeting, Feb 23–26, 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723140856/http://gtn-h.net/IGWCO2010/index.html">Archived</a> July 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at CCNY.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gonchar, Joanne "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/Building_Types_Study/universities/2015/1511-Cuny-ASRC-Kohn-Pedersen-Fox-Associates.asp?bts=CU">CUNY Advanced Science Research Center and City College Center for Discovery and Innovation</a>" <i>Architectural Record</i> November 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612090826/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/freeacademy.html">"Free Academy Building (1849–1927)"</a>, <i>The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past</i>, CCNY Libraries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/images/full/CCNYpostcard12.jpg">"Old Postcard: (Lewisohn) Stadium of the City College of New York"</a>, CCNY Libraries exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906115454/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/bowker.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: The Bowker/Alumni Library (1929–1957)"</a>, CCNY Libraries exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sah.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=BiographiesArchitectsH&category=Resources">"Biography of William H. Hume"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101128201016/http://sah.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=BiographiesArchitectsH&category=Resources">Archived</a> November 28, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Architectural_Historians" title="Society of Architectural Historians">Society of Architectural Historians</a> biographies website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906113409/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/armyhall.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: Army Hall (1883–1956)"</a>, CCNY Libraries exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1997" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Christopher (August 31, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/31/realestate/an-orphan-asylum-and-a-fifth-avenue-farmhouse.html">"An Orphan Asylum and a Fifth Avenue 'Farmhouse'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Orphan+Asylum+and+a+Fifth+Avenue+%27Farmhouse%27&rft.date=1997-08-31&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F08%2F31%2Frealestate%2Fan-orphan-asylum-and-a-fifth-avenue-farmhouse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906113446/http://origin.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/lostworld/klapperhall.html">"The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: Paul Klapper Hall (1905–1983)"</a>, CCNY Libraries exhibitions website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.mta.info/map/5256">"Subway Map"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subway+Map&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft.date=2021-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew.mta.info%2Fmap%2F5256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.mta.info/map/5391">"Manhattan Bus Map"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manhattan+Bus+Map&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft.date=2019-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew.mta.info%2Fmap%2F5391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://detrick.armymwr.com/application/files/2714/9339/8126/Admission-Profile-Freshmen.pdf">"CUNY Admission Profile: Freshman Fall 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CUNY+Admission+Profile%3A+Freshman+Fall+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdetrick.armymwr.com%2Fapplication%2Ffiles%2F2714%2F9339%2F8126%2FAdmission-Profile-Freshmen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2023">"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities"</a>. <i>www.shanghairanking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.shanghairanking.com&rft.atitle=ShanghaiRanking%27s+Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Frankings%2Farwu%2F2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/colleges/cuny-the-city-college-of-new-york/">"CUNY, The City College of New York"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=CUNY%2C+The+City+College+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fcolleges%2Fcuny-the-city-college-of-new-york%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/united-states/2022">"Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education</i>. September 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Wall+Street+Journal%2FTimes+Higher+Education+College+Rankings+2022&rft.date=2021-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Frankings%2Funited-states%2F2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cuny-city-college-2688">"US News and World Report Best Colleges: National Universities"</a>. September 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+News+and+World+Report+Best+Colleges%3A+National+Universities&rft.date=2022-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Fcuny-city-college-2688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washingtonmonthly.com/2023-college-guide/national-1/">"2023 National University Rankings"</a>. <i>Washington Monthly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Monthly&rft.atitle=2023+National+University+Rankings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonmonthly.com%2F2023-college-guide%2Fnational-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universityrankings.ch/">"UniversityRankings.ch"</a>. <i>UniversityRankings.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UniversityRankings.ch&rft.atitle=UniversityRankings.ch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universityrankings.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1961/hofstadter-bio.html">"Robert Hofstadter – Biographical"</a>. Nobelprize.org. November 17, 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Hofstadter+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft.date=1990-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1961%2Fhofstadter-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/penzias-autobio.html">"Arno Penzias – Biographical"</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arno+Penzias+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1978%2Fpenzias-autobio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1988/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988"</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1988&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1988%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130626180140/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/Jay-Mwamba-April-05-2005.cfm">"News"</a>. .ccny.cuny.edu. November 6, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/Jay-Mwamba-April-05-2005.cfm">the original</a> on June 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News&rft.pub=.ccny.cuny.edu&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fadvancement%2Fpr%2FJay-Mwamba-April-05-2005.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/people/science-division-directory/p001">"Robert Alfano – Science Division Forum"</a>. Forum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Alfano+%E2%80%93+Science+Division+Forum&rft.pub=Forum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fpeople%2Fscience-division-directory%2Fp001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/people/science-division-directory/p004">"Michio Kaku – Science Division Forum"</a>. Forum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michio+Kaku+%E2%80%93+Science+Division+Forum&rft.pub=Forum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.sci.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fpeople%2Fscience-division-directory%2Fp004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605133710/http://asrc.cuny.edu/asrc/about.html">"CUNY – Advanced Science Research Center"</a>. The City University of New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asrc.cuny.edu/asrc/about.html">the original</a> on June 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CUNY+%E2%80%93+Advanced+Science+Research+Center&rft.pub=The+City+University+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasrc.cuny.edu%2Fasrc%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdmin2015" class="citation web cs1">Admin, Website (July 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/dsi">"CUNY Dominican Studies Institute"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CUNY+Dominican+Studies+Institute&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Admin&rft.aufirst=Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fdsi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/townsend_harris/awards/a_d.htm">Townsend Harris Medal Winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130011649/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/townsend_harris/awards/a_d.htm">Archived</a> January 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CCNY website. Cf. Albert P. D'Andrea entry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/harris/harris_tablet_pop.html">"Albert P. D'Andrea: sculpted relief portrait of Townsend Harris"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719182507/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/exhibitions/harris/harris_tablet_pop.html">Archived</a> July 19, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CCNY Exhibitions website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060707233135/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/images/CCNY_logo_4.gif">"CCNY new 2003 logo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/images/CCNY_logo_4.gif">the original</a> on July 7, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCNY+new+2003+logo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fimages%2FCCNY_logo_4.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorwood2018" class="citation book cs1">Norwood, Stephen H., ed. (2018). <i>New York sports: glamour and grit in the Empire City</i>. Sport, culture & society. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61075-635-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61075-635-8"><bdi>978-1-61075-635-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+sports%3A+glamour+and+grit+in+the+Empire+City&rft.place=Fayetteville&rft.series=Sport%2C+culture+%26+society&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=The+University+of+Arkansas+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-61075-635-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Ben Friedman Signs To Coach City College". <i>Plainfield, N.J., Courier News</i>. February 5, 1934. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plainfield%2C+N.J.%2C+Courier+News&rft.atitle=Ben+Friedman+Signs+To+Coach+City+College&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1934-02-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307154149/http://njjewishnews.com/njjn.com/073108/sptFencingBukantz.html">"Fencing legend Daniel Bukantz dies | New Jersey Jewish News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://njjewishnews.com/njjn.com/073108/sptFencingBukantz.html">the original</a> on March 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fencing+legend+Daniel+Bukantz+dies+%26%23124%3B+New+Jersey+Jewish+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnjjewishnews.com%2Fnjjn.com%2F073108%2FsptFencingBukantz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usfencinghalloffame.com/wp/cohen-abram/">"Cohen, Abram – US Fencing Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>usfencinghalloffame.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usfencinghalloffame.com&rft.atitle=Cohen%2C+Abram+%E2%80%93+US+Fencing+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusfencinghalloffame.com%2Fwp%2Fcohen-abram%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewishSportsNet-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JewishSportsNet_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/AlbertAxelrod.htm">"Albert Axelrod"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071010054638/http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/AlbertAxelrod.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert+Axelrod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishsports.net%2FBioPages%2FAlbertAxelrod.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020223000910/http://hickoksports.com/history/ncaafencing.shtml">"NCAA Fencing Champions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ncaafencing.shtml">the original</a> on February 23, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCAA+Fencing+Champions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hickoksports.com%2Fhistory%2Fncaafencing.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402013107/http://www.alumniassociationccny.org/alumnirelation/affiliates/aluv2.html">"alumniassociationccny.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alumniassociationccny.org/alumnirelation/affiliates/aluv2.html">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=alumniassociationccny.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alumniassociationccny.org%2Falumnirelation%2Faffiliates%2Faluv2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/dclapercentforart/about/about.page">"About - Percent for Art"</a>. <i>www1.nyc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www1.nyc.gov&rft.atitle=About+-+Percent+for+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fsite%2Fdclapercentforart%2Fabout%2Fabout.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary" class="citation web cs1">Library, Reference City College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.ccny.cuny.edu/archives">"LibGuides: Archives & Special Collections: About"</a>. <i>library.ccny.cuny.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.ccny.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=LibGuides%3A+Archives+%26+Special+Collections%3A+About&rft.aulast=Library&rft.aufirst=Reference+City+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.ccny.cuny.edu%2Farchives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://art.ccny.cuny.edu/main/facilities/">"Facilities – CCNY Art Department"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facilities+%E2%80%93+CCNY+Art+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fart.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fmain%2Ffacilities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary" class="citation web cs1">Library, Reference City College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.ccny.cuny.edu/archives/about">"LibGuides: Archives & Special Collections: About"</a>. <i>library.ccny.cuny.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.ccny.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=LibGuides%3A+Archives+%26+Special+Collections%3A+About&rft.aulast=Library&rft.aufirst=Reference+City+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.ccny.cuny.edu%2Farchives%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYork2019" class="citation web cs1">York, The City College of New (August 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/gca/community-affairs">"Community Affairs"</a>. <i>The City College of New York</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+College+of+New+York&rft.atitle=Community+Affairs&rft.date=2019-08-06&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=The+City+College+of+New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fgca%2Fcommunity-affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsvannort2022" class="citation web cs1">svannort (April 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/calendar/ccny-women-make-art-2022-exhibit">"CCNY Women Make Art 2022 Exhibit"</a>. <i>The City College of New York</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+College+of+New+York&rft.atitle=CCNY+Women+Make+Art+2022+Exhibit&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft.au=svannort&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fcalendar%2Fccny-women-make-art-2022-exhibit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310123429/http://www.woodyallen.art.pl/eng/kugelmass_episode.php">"The Kugelmass Episode - Side Effects :: Woody Allen"</a>. <i>www.woodyallen.art.pl</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woodyallen.art.pl/eng/kugelmass_episode.php">the original</a> on March 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.woodyallen.art.pl&rft.atitle=The+Kugelmass+Episode+-+Side+Effects+%3A%3A+Woody+Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodyallen.art.pl%2Feng%2Fkugelmass_episode.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeschel2020" class="citation journal cs1">Peschel, Joseph (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brooklynrail.org/2020/11/books/Rumaan-Alams-Leave-the-World-Behindhttps://brooklynrail.org/2020/11/books/Rumaan-Alams-Leave-the-World-BehindV">"Rumaan Alam's Leave the World Behind"</a>. <i>The Brooklyn Rail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Rail&rft.atitle=Rumaan+Alam%27s+Leave+the+World+Behind&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Peschel&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrooklynrail.org%2F2020%2F11%2Fbooks%2FRumaan-Alams-Leave-the-World-Behindhttps%3A%2F%2Fbrooklynrail.org%2F2020%2F11%2Fbooks%2FRumaan-Alams-Leave-the-World-BehindV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bederson, Benjamin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bederson.org/bensr/Physical%20Tourist.pdf">"The Physical Tourist: Physics and New York City"</a>, Phys. perspect. 5 (2003) 87–121 Birkha¨ user Verlag, Basel, 2003. Cf. p. 103–107 &c. regarding CCNY Physics.</li> <li>Bender, Thomas. <i>New York Intellect: A History of Intellectual Life in New York City, from 1750 to the Beginnings of Our Own Time</i>. New York: Knopf, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-55026-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-55026-9">0-394-55026-9</a></li> <li>Goodman, Matthew. <i>The City Game: Triumph, Scandal, and a Legendary Basketball Team</i>. New York: Ballantine Books.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Howe" title="Irving Howe">Howe, Irving</a>, 1976. <i>World of Our Fathers: The Journey of the East European Jews to America and the life They Found and Made</i>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. See Chapter 7, "The Way They Lived Then."</li> <li>Howe, Irving. <i>A Margin of Hope: An Intellectual Autobiography</i>, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-157138-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-157138-4">0-15-157138-4</a>. Cf. Chapter 3, "City College and Beyond", pp. 61–89</li> <li>Pearson, Paul David. <i>The City College of New York: 150 years of academic architecture</i>, 1997.</li> <li>Roff, Sandra S., et al. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mzMqUAoAvhYC">From the Free Academy to Cuny: Illustrating Public Higher Education in New York City, 1847–1997</a></i>, 2000.</li> <li>Rudy, Willis. <i>College of the City of New York 1847–1947</i>. The City College Press, 1949. Reprinted in 1977 by the Arno Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Traub" title="James Traub">Traub, James</a>. <i>City on a Hill: Testing the American Dream at City College</i>, Addison-Wesley: 1994.</li> <li>Van Nort, Sydney C. <i>The City College of New York</i>. Arcadia Press, February 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-4930-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-4930-4">0-7385-4930-4</a>.</li> <li>Weidlich, Thom (2000). <i>Appointment Denied: The Inquisition of Bertrand Russell</i>. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. The book tells the story of Russell's appointment to the City College faculty and the appointment's cancellation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:City_College_of_New_York" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:City College of New York">City College of New York</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccnyathletics.com">CCNY Athletics website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/arguing/">PBS documentary <i>Arguing the World</i></a> (1997).</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/New_York,_College_of_the_City_of" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/New York, College of the City of">New York, College of the City of</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+York%2C+College+of+the+City+of&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/New_York,_College_of_the_City_of" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/New York, College of the City of">New York, College of the City of</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+York%2C+College+of+the+City+of&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+College+of+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Units_of_the_City_University_of_New_York354" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#25387d; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFFFFF, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CUNY" title="Template:CUNY"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CUNY" title="Template talk:CUNY"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CUNY" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CUNY"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Units_of_the_City_University_of_New_York354" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_City_University_of_New_York_institutions" title="List of City University of New York institutions"><span style="background-color: #25387d; color:white;">Units</span></a> of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York"><span style="background-color: #25387d; color:white;">City University of New York</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#25387d; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFFFFF, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Two-year<br />(community colleges)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Community_College" title="Bronx Community College">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guttman_Community_College" title="Guttman Community College">Guttman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostos_Community_College" title="Hostos Community College">Hostos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Manhattan_Community_College" title="Borough of Manhattan Community College">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsborough_Community_College" title="Kingsborough Community College">Kingsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Community_College" title="LaGuardia Community College">LaGuardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensborough_Community_College" title="Queensborough Community College">Queensborough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#25387d; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFFFFF, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Four-year<br />(senior colleges)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_College_of_Technology" title="New York City College of Technology">City Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay_College_of_Criminal_Justice" title="John Jay College of Criminal Justice">John Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehman_College" title="Lehman College">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Macaulay_Honors_College" title="William E. Macaulay Honors College">Macaulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers_College" title="Medgar Evers College">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_College,_City_University_of_New_York" title="Queens College, City University of New York">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Staten_Island" title="College of Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_College,_City_University_of_New_York" title="York College, City University of New York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#25387d; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFFFFF, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Graduate and<br />professional programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_Center" title="CUNY Graduate Center">Graduate Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Newmark_Graduate_School_of_Journalism_at_the_City_University_of_New_York" title="Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Labor_and_Urban_Studies" title="CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies">Labor and Urban Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Law" title="CUNY School of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Medicine" title="CUNY School of Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland_School_of_Music" title="Aaron Copland School of Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-Bellevue_School_of_Nursing" title="Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Professional_Studies" title="CUNY School of Professional Studies">Professional Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_School_of_Public_Health_and_Health_Policy" title="CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy">Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxe_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Marxe School of Public and International Affairs">Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#25387d; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFFFFF, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Radio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WSIA" title="WSIA">WSIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHCR-FM" title="WHCR-FM">WHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKRB" title="WKRB">WKRB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_TV" title="CUNY TV">CUNY TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Press" title="Feminist Press">Feminist Press</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mott_Haven_Herald" title="Mott Haven Herald">Mott Haven Herald</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York642" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places in New York"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places in New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places in New York"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York642" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/50px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/75px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/100px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="720" /></span></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_NY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_of_USA_NY.svg/100px-Map_of_USA_NY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_of_USA_NY.svg/151px-Map_of_USA_NY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_of_USA_NY.svg/200px-Map_of_USA_NY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists<br />by county</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Albany_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany County, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Allegany_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegany County, New York">Allegany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Bronx" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Broome_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chemung_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chenango_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chenango County, New York">Chenango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clinton_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Clinton County, New York">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Columbia_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbia County, New York">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cortland_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cortland County, New York">Cortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, New York">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Erie_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Erie County, New York">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Essex_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New York">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Franklin_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, New York">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fulton_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, New York">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Genesee_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Genesee County, New York">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Greene_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, New York">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hamilton_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, New York">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">Kings (Brooklyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lewis_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lewis County, New York">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Livingston_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Livingston County, New York">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Madison_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, New York">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Monroe_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montgomery_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, New York">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nassau_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan">New York (Manhattan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Niagara_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oneida_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ontario_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ontario County, New York">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Orange_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Orleans_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans County, New York">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oswego_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Otsego_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Otsego County, New York">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Putnam_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Staten_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island">Richmond (Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rockland_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Schoharie_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Schoharie County, New York">Schoharie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Schuyler_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Schuyler County, New York">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Seneca_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Seneca County, New York">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Lawrence County, New York">St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Steuben_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Steuben County, New York">Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sullivan_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New York">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tioga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tioga County, New York">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ulster_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Warren_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, New York">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, New York">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wayne_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Westchester_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Westchester_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Westchester_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Westchester County, New York">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming County, New York">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Yates_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Yates County, New York">Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists<br />by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Albany,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Buffalo,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a></li> <li>New York City <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Bronx" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Staten_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan">Manhattan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_below_14th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street">Below 14th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_14th_to_59th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets">14th–59th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">59th–110th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_above_110th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 110th Street">Above 110th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_on_islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan on islands">Minor islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Peekskill,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Peekskill, New York">Peekskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Poughkeepsie, New York"> Poughkeepsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhinebeck,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhinebeck, New York">Rhinebeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rochester,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Syracuse,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Yonkers,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="List of bridges and tunnels on the National Register of Historic Places in New York">Bridges and tunnels</a></li> <li>National Historic Landmarks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York_City" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York">Outside New York City</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black; font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">List</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="CUNY_Athletic_Conference465" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0d2c89; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d22d3b, inset -2px -2px 0 #d22d3b;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CUNY_Athletic_Conference" title="Template:CUNY Athletic Conference"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:CUNY_Athletic_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:CUNY Athletic Conference (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CUNY_Athletic_Conference" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CUNY Athletic Conference"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CUNY_Athletic_Conference465" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York_Athletic_Conference" title="City University of New York Athletic Conference"><span style="background-color: #0d2c89; color:white;">CUNY Athletic Conference</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0d2c89; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d22d3b, inset -2px -2px 0 #d22d3b;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III"><span style="background-color: #0d2c89; color:white;">NCAA North Division</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CCNY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay_College_of_Criminal_Justice" title="John Jay College of Criminal Justice">John Jay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0d2c89; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d22d3b, inset -2px -2px 0 #d22d3b;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III"><span style="background-color: #0d2c89; color:white;">NCAA South Division</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehman_College" title="Lehman College">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers_College" title="Medgar Evers College">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_College,_City_University_of_New_York" title="York College, City University of New York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0d2c89; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d22d3b, inset -2px -2px 0 #d22d3b;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association"><span style="background-color: #0d2c89; color:white;">NJCAA Division</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Community_College" title="Bronx Community College">Bronx CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Manhattan_Community_College" title="Borough of Manhattan Community College">Borough of Manhattan CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostos_Community_College" title="Hostos Community College">Hostos CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsborough_Community_College" title="Kingsborough Community College">Kingsborough CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Community_College" title="LaGuardia Community College">LaGuardia CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensborough_Community_College" title="Queensborough Community College">Queensborough CC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_in_Harlem202" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Harlem" title="Template:Education in Harlem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Education_in_Harlem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Education in Harlem (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Harlem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Harlem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Harlem202" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Harlem" title="Education in Harlem">Education in Harlem</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">Public schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Secondary_School" title="Columbia Secondary School">Columbia Secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_for_Math,_Science_and_Engineering_at_City_College" title="High School for Math, Science and Engineering at City College">HS for Math, Science and Engineering at City College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Center_for_Science_and_Mathematics" title="Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics">Manhattan Center for Science and Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Women%27s_Leadership_School_of_East_Harlem" title="Young Women's Leadership School of East Harlem">Young Women's Leadership of East Harlem</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Charter7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Village_Academies" title="Harlem Village Academies">Harlem Village Academies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Heights_Academy_Charter_School" title="New Heights Academy Charter School">New Heights Academy Charter School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_Charter_School" title="Opportunity Charter School">Opportunity Charter School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_College_of_Education#Bank_Street_School_for_Children" title="Bank Street College of Education">Bank Street School for Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_School_of_St._John_the_Divine" title="The Cathedral School of St. John the Divine">The Cathedral School of St. John the Divine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Storefront" title="The Children's Storefront">The Children's Storefront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristo_Rey_New_York_High_School" title="Cristo Rey New York High School">Cristo Rey New York HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Academy" title="Harlem Academy">Harlem Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Harlem_School_of_the_Arts" title="The Harlem School of the Arts">The Harlem School of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Hilda%27s_%26_St._Hugh%27s_School" title="St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School">St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_School_at_Columbia_University" title="The School at Columbia University">The School at Columbia University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary/other schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_College_of_Education" title="Bank Street College of Education">Bank Street College of Education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City College of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_School_of_Public_Health_%26_Health_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy">CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Medicine" title="CUNY School of Medicine">CUNY School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Professional_Studies" title="CUNY School of Professional Studies">CUNY School of Professional Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_Fuld_College_of_Nursing" title="Helene Fuld College of Nursing">Helene Fuld College of Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_College_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="The King's College (New York City)">The King's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_College" title="List College">List College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_School_of_Music" title="Manhattan School of Music">Manhattan School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_College_of_Podiatric_Medicine" title="New York College of Podiatric Medicine">New York College of Podiatric Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Theological_Seminary_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Theological Seminary (New York City)">Union Theological Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Dubois_High_School" title="Bishop Dubois High School">Bishop Dubois High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Hospital_School_of_Nursing" title="Harlem Hospital School of Nursing">Harlem Hospital School of Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Vocational_and_Technical_High_School" title="Manhattan Vocational and Technical High School">Manhattan Vocational & Technical HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_of_Applied_Design_for_Women" title="New York School of Applied Design for Women">New York School of Applied Design for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_High_School_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice High School (New York)">Rice HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadleigh_High_School_for_Girls" title="Wadleigh High School for Girls">Wadleigh HS for Girls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture" title="Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Public_Library_branches" title="List of New York Public Library branches">branch libraries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/115th_Street_Library" title="115th Street Library">115th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_Library" title="Hamilton Grange Library">Hamilton Grange</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City">Education in New York City</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_in_Manhattan182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Manhattan" title="Template:Education in Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_Manhattan" title="Template talk:Education in Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Manhattan182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Includes <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/47_The_American_Sign_Language_and_English_Secondary_School" title="47 The American Sign Language and English Secondary School">47 The American Sign Language and English Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard_High_School_Early_College" title="Bard High School Early College">Bard HS Early College Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_College_Campus_High_School" title="Baruch College Campus High School">Baruch College Campus HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beacon_School" title="The Beacon School">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murry_Bergtraum_High_School" title="Murry Bergtraum High School">Murry Bergtraum HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Career_%26_Technical_Education_High_School" title="Chelsea Career & Technical Education High School">Chelsea CATE HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-As-School_High_School" title="City-As-School High School">City-As-School HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_School" title="The Clinton School">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Secondary_School" title="Columbia Secondary School">Columbia SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Side_Community_High_School" title="East Side Community High School">East Side Community HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_for_Environmental_Studies" title="High School for Environmental Studies">HS for Environmental Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_for_Health_Professions_and_Human_Services" title="High School for Health Professions and Human Services">HS for Health Professions and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_for_Math,_Science_and_Engineering_at_City_College" title="High School for Math, Science and Engineering at City College">HS for Math, Science and Engineering at City College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="High School of Art and Design">HS of Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Economics_and_Finance" title="High School of Economics and Finance">HS of Economics and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Fashion_Industries" title="High School of Fashion Industries">HS of Fashion Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Graphic_Communication_Arts" title="High School of Graphic Communication Arts">HS of Graphic Comm Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_Preparatory_Academy" title="Humanities Preparatory Academy">Humanities Prep Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_College_High_School" title="Hunter College High School">Hunter College HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Diploma_Plus_High_School" title="Innovation Diploma Plus High School">Innovation Diploma Plus HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving_Campus" title="Washington Irving Campus">Washington Irving Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Educational_Campus" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Educational Campus">Martin Luther King Jr. Educational Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School" title="Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School">Fiorello H. LaGuardia HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_%26_Public_Service_High_School" title="Leadership & Public Service High School">Leadership & Public Service HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side_Preparatory_High_School" title="Lower East Side Preparatory High School">Lower East Side Prep HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n_High_School_for_Math_%26_Science" title="Gregorio Luperón High School for Math & Science">Gregorio Luperón HS for Math & Sci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Center_for_Science_and_Mathematics" title="Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics">Manhattan Ctr for Sci and Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Village_Academy" title="Manhattan Village Academy">Manhattan Village Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk_High_School" title="Harvey Milk High School">Harvey Milk HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Millennium High School (New York City)">Millennium HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEST%2Bm" title="NEST+m">NEST+m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Lab_School_for_Collaborative_Studies" title="New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies">NYC Lab School for Collaborative Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Museum_School" title="New York City Museum School">NYC Museum School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor_School" title="New York Harbor School">NY Harbor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_High_School_for_International_Careers" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for Int'l Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_University_High_School" title="Pace University High School">Pace University HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Performing_Arts_School" title="Professional Performing Arts School">Professional Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Richman_Education_Complex" title="Julia Richman Education Complex">Julia Richman Education Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph_Campus_High_School" title="A. Philip Randolph Campus High School">A. Philip Randolph Campus HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Reynolds_West_Side_High_School" title="Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School">Edward A. Reynolds West Side HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Eleanor Roosevelt High School (New York City)">Eleanor Roosevelt HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin_Educational_Complex" title="Bayard Rustin Educational Complex">Bayard Rustin Educational Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_to_Learn" title="Quest to Learn">Quest to Learn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Future_(New_York_City)" title="School of the Future (New York City)">School of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuang_Wen_School" title="Shuang Wen School">Shuang Wen School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Music_School" title="Special Music School">Special Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_High_School" title="Stuyvesant High School">Stuyvesant HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_Unlimited_High_School" title="Talent Unlimited High School">Talent Unlimited HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Academy_Laboratory_High_School" title="Urban Academy Laboratory High School">Urban Academy Lab HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Educational_Campus" title="George Washington Educational Campus">George Washington Educational Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights_Expeditionary_Learning_School" title="Washington Heights Expeditionary Learning School">Washington Heights Expeditionary Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Women%27s_Leadership_School_of_East_Harlem" title="Young Women's Leadership School of East Harlem">Young Women's Leadership of E. Harlem</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Charter</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Village_Academies" title="Harlem Village Academies">Harlem Village Academies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_Charter_School" title="Opportunity Charter School">Opportunity Charter School</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P.S._135" title="P.S. 135">P.S. 135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_School_No._35" title="Grammar School No. 35">Grammar School No. 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haaren_High_School" title="Haaren High School">Haaren HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Trade_School_for_Girls" title="Manhattan Trade School for Girls">Manhattan Trade School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Vocational_and_Technical_High_School" title="Manhattan Vocational and Technical High School">Manhattan Voc and Tech HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas_High_School" title="Norman Thomas High School">Norman Thomas HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadleigh_High_School_for_Girls" title="Wadleigh High School for Girls">Wadleigh HS for Girls</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Charter</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Global_Academy" title="Ross Global Academy">Ross Global Acad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="List of schools in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">schools</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Cathedral High School (New York City)">Cathedral HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(New_York_City)" title="Convent of the Sacred Heart (New York City)">Convent of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristo_Rey_New_York_High_School" title="Cristo Rey New York High School">Cristo Rey HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Academy" title="Dominican Academy">Dominican Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Academy" title="La Salle Academy">La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_School_(New_York_City)" title="Loyola School (New York City)">Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marymount_School_of_New_York" title="Marymount School of New York">Marymount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_School_(Manhattan)" title="Notre Dame School (Manhattan)">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Regis High School (New York City)">Regis HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David%27s_School_(New_York_City)" title="Saint David's School (New York City)">Saint David's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Academy" title="St. George Academy">St. George Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Jean_Baptiste_High_School" title="St. Jean Baptiste High School">St. Jean Baptiste HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_Ferrer_High_School" title="St. Vincent Ferrer High School">St. Vincent Ferrer HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Xavier High School (New York City)">Xavier HS</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Joshua_Heschel_School" title="Abraham Joshua Heschel School">Abraham Joshua Heschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen-Stevenson_School" title="Allen-Stevenson School">Allen-Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brearley_School" title="Brearley School">Brearley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Wathen_Lenox_School" title="Birch Wathen Lenox School">Birch Wathen Lenox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_International_School_of_New_York" title="British International School of New York">British Int'l School of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_School" title="Browning School">Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckley_School_(New_York_City)" title="Buckley School (New York City)">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_School" title="Calhoun School">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapin_School" title="Chapin School">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_School_and_Legacy_High_School" title="Child School and Legacy High School">Child School and Legacy HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Country_School" title="City and Country School">City and Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_School_(New_York_City)" title="Collegiate School (New York City)">Collegiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School" title="Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School">Columbia Grammar & Preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_School" title="Dalton School">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_School" title="Dwight School">Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_%C3%89cole" title="The École">The École</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_Culture_Fieldston_School" title="Ethical Culture Fieldston School">Ethical Culture Fieldston</a> <small>Ethical Culture Campus</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Seminary" title="Friends Seminary">Friends Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaynor_School" title="Stephen Gaynor School">Stephen Gaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Church_School" title="Grace Church School">Grace Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewitt_School" title="Hewitt School">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Scuola_d%27Italia_Guglielmo_Marconi" title="La Scuola d'Italia Guglielmo Marconi">La Scuola d'Italia Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_Manhattan_Preparatory_School" title="Léman Manhattan Preparatory School">Léman Manhattan Prep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Red_School_House" title="Little Red School House">Little Red School House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_New_York" title="Lycée Français de New York">Lycée Français de New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Kennedy_International_School" title="Lyceum Kennedy International School">Lyceum Kennedy Int'l</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Country_School" title="Manhattan Country School">Manhattan Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesivtha_Tifereth_Jerusalem" title="Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem">Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightingale-Bamford_School" title="Nightingale-Bamford School">Nightingale-Bamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_East_Day_School" title="Park East Day School">Park East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Children%27s_School" title="Professional Children's School">Professional Children's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaz_School" title="Ramaz School">Ramaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_School_at_Columbia_University" title="The School at Columbia University">The School at Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Bernard%27s_School" title="St. Bernard's School">St. Bernard's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_School_(Manhattan)" title="St. Luke's School (Manhattan)">St. Luke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Choir_School" title="Saint Thomas Choir School">St. Thomas Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Schechter_School_of_Manhattan" title="Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan">Solomon Schechter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spence_School" title="Spence School">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Stern_Talmudical_Academy" title="Marsha Stern Talmudical Academy">Marsha Stern Talmudical Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_School" title="The Town School">Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Day_School" title="Trevor Day School">Trevor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_School_(New_York_City)" title="Trinity School (New York City)">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">United Nations Int'l</a> <small>Manhattan Campus</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Preparatory_School" title="York Preparatory School">York Prep</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_closed_schools_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="List of closed schools in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">Former archdiocese schools</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Dubois_High_School" title="Bishop Dubois High School">Bishop Dubois HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Institute,_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="De La Salle Institute, New York City">De La Salle Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Cabrini_High_School" title="Mother Cabrini High School">Mother Cabrini HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Memorial_Academy" title="Power Memorial Academy">Power Memorial Acad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_High_School_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice High School (New York)">Rice HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Boys_High_School" title="St. Agnes Boys High School">St. Agnes Boys HS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Ann_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Ann Academy (page does not exist)">St. Ann Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_Academy_(New_York_City)" title="St. Michael Academy (New York City)">St. Michael Acad</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Anglo American</li> <li>Baldwin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Ward_Industrial_School" title="Fourteenth Ward Industrial School">Fourteenth Ward Industrial</a></li> <li>Franklin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McBurney_School" title="McBurney School">McBurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lincoln_School" title="New Lincoln School">New Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Walden_Lincoln_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Walden Lincoln School (page does not exist)">New Walden Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_School_(New_York_City)" title="Walden School (New York City)">Walden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary/Other schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxe_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Marxe School of Public and International Affairs">Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Manhattan_Community_College" title="Borough of Manhattan Community College">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Medicine" title="CUNY School of Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_Center" title="CUNY Graduate Center">Graduate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="CUNY Graduate School of Journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Labor_and_Urban_Studies" title="CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies">Labor and Urban Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Professional_Studies" title="CUNY School of Professional Studies">Professional Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_School_of_Public_Health_and_Health_Policy" title="CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy">Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guttman_Community_College" title="Guttman Community College">Guttman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-Bellevue_School_of_Nursing" title="Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing">Nursing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay_College_of_Criminal_Justice" title="John Jay College of Criminal Justice">John Jay Criminal Justice</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology" title="Fashion Institute of Technology">Fashion Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Optometry" title="State University of New York College of Optometry">State University of New York College of Optometry</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Independent</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Musical_and_Dramatic_Academy" title="American Musical and Dramatic Academy">American Musical and Dramatic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_College_of_Education" title="Bank Street College of Education">Bank Street College of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boricua_College" title="Boricua College">Boricua College</a> <small>Manhattan Campus</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Columbia University">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a> <small>Lincoln Center Campus</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_College_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="The King's College (New York City)">The King's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIM_College" title="LIM College">LIM College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_School_of_Music" title="Manhattan School of Music">Manhattan School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marymount_Manhattan_College" title="Marymount Manhattan College">Marymount Manhattan College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_College_of_New_York" title="Metropolitan College of New York">Metropolitan College of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">The New School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design" title="Parsons School of Design">Parsons School of Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:The_New_School" title="Template:The New School">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology" title="New York Institute of Technology">New York Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Law_School" title="New York Law School">New York Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_University" title="Template:New York University">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_University" title="Pace University">Pace University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_of_Applied_Design_for_Women" title="New York School of Applied Design for Women">New York School of Applied Design for Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch" title="New York Public Library Main Branch">Main Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Public_Library_branches" title="List of New York Public Library branches">branches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Heiskell_Braille_and_Talking_Book_Library" title="Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book Library">Heiskell Braille and Talking Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture" title="Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_Library" title="53rd Street Library">53rd St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/115th_Street_Library" title="115th Street Library">115th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_Library" title="Hamilton Grange Library">Hamilton Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Market_Library" title="Jefferson Market Library">Jefferson Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottendorfer_Public_Library_and_Stuyvesant_Polyclinic_Hospital" title="Ottendorfer Public Library and Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital">Ottendorfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Library" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Library">Stavros Niarchos Foundation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1764" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1764" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093910#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122647145">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/172376810">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80131983">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Free Academy (New York, New York)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008481062&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="City University of New York, City College"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008481059&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="College of the City of New York (1866-1926)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008481061&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259599605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/795ffe48-e06a-4370-ae69-0f14df89b4ae">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6x96dcg">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&oldid=1273590061">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&oldid=1273590061</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:City_College_of_New_York" title="Category:City College of New York">City College of New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1847_establishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1847 establishments in New York (state)">1847 establishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_established_in_1847" title="Category:Universities and colleges established in 1847">Universities and colleges established in 1847</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hamilton_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Category:Hamilton Heights, Manhattan">Hamilton Heights, Manhattan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:School_buildings_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Manhattan" title="Category:School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan">School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Manhattan" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Manhattan">Universities and colleges in Manhattan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Collegiate_Gothic_architecture_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Collegiate Gothic architecture in New York City">Collegiate Gothic architecture in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Harlem" title="Category:Education in Harlem">Education in Harlem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Universities and colleges in New York City">Universities and colleges in New York City</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_March_2016" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2016">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2013" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2013">Use mdy dates from February 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_university" title="Category:Articles using infobox university">Articles using infobox university</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_March_2011" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from March 2011">Vague or ambiguous time from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2024">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_New_York_City_Subway_service_templates" title="Category:Pages using New York City Subway service templates">Pages using New York City Subway service templates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_New_International_Encyclopedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_Collier%27s_Encyclopedia_with_an_unnamed_parameter" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia with an unnamed parameter">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia with an unnamed parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 February 2025, at 02:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">City College of New York</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>31 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-wdv74","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.394","walltime":"1.636","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12786,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":356656,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18576,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":420825,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1338.939 1 -total"," 42.49% 568.919 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.79% 291.755 64 Template:Cite_web"," 15.42% 206.419 1 Template:Infobox_university"," 14.66% 196.321 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.62% 88.656 14 Template:If_empty"," 6.47% 86.581 9 Template:Navbox"," 5.61% 75.104 18 Template:Cite_news"," 4.76% 63.736 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.22% 56.487 7 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.734","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11877781,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-594cdcffc4-tgrfs","timestamp":"20250212235926","ttl":1382446,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"City College of New York","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/City_College_of_New_York","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1093910","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1093910","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-10T16:43:02Z","dateModified":"2025-02-03T02:30:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/b\/b2\/City_College_of_New_York_seal.svg","headline":"senior college of the City University of New York"}</script> </body> </html>