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img{max-width:none!important}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1243927654">.mw-parser-output .banner-shell{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{padding:2px 4px;background:#fffaef;color:inherit;border:1px dotted gray}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox{margin:2px 0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox.mbox-small{line-height:1.5em;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner .banner-shell-outside{display:none}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpbs{width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .assess{width:60px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-header{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em 0.25em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-header{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb:not(.mw-collapsed) .wpb-header-icon a{display:none}</style> <table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice banner-shell wpbs mw-collapsible"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="assess"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Symbol_stub_class.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Symbol_stub_class.svg/35px-Symbol_stub_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Symbol_stub_class.svg/53px-Symbol_stub_class.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Symbol_stub_class.svg/70px-Symbol_stub_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></a></span></td> <td class="banner-shell-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal">This article is rated <b>Stub-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.<br> It is of interest to the following <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProjects</a>:</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="banner-shell-inner outercollapse"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394742">.mw-parser-output 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.class-future{background-color:#B4BBFF}.mw-parser-output .class-portal{background-color:#DDB1BC}.mw-parser-output .class-project{background-color:#C0C090}.mw-parser-output .class-redirect{background-color:#C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-sia{background-color:#E9DAFF}.mw-parser-output .class-user{background-color:#DDD06A}.mw-parser-output .class-template{background-color:#FBCEB1}.mw-parser-output .class-unassessed{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .conflict{border:0.2em solid red}.mw-parser-output .inactive-wikiproject .wpb-header-bubbles{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style> <table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"> <tbody> <tr class="wpb-header"> <td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Crystal_personal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/25px-Crystal_personal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/38px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/50px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="70"></a></span></td> <td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">Biography</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Crystal_personal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/60px-Crystal_personal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/90px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/120px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="70"></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li> </ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">WikiProject Biography</a></b>, a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Wikipedia's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Members?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Members">join the project</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Biography">contribute to the discussion</a>. For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Biography/doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:WikiProject Biography/doc">documentation</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Biography</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Biography</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">biography articles</span></span></td> <td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"> <table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"> <tbody> <tr class="wpb-header"> <td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/35px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/53px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/70px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="330"></a></span></td> <td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Business?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Business">Business</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/80px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/120px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/160px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="330"></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Business?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></span></li> </ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Business?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Business">WikiProject Business</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Business?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Business">business</a> articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Business?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Business">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Business</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Business</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Business</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">WikiProject Business articles</span></span></td> <td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="assess import-low"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Low-importance_WikiProject_Business_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Low-importance WikiProject Business articles">Low</a></td> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Business/Assessment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Business/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"> <table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"> <tbody> <tr class="wpb-header"> <td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/53px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="609"></a></span></td> <td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States">United States</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Iowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Iowa">Iowa</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="609"></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li> </ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States">WikiProject United States</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of topics relating to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States of America</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the ongoing discussions. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist" style="font-size:small; border:1px solid silver; padding:4px; text-align:center; border-radius:10px;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:WikiProject_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Usage" title="Template:WikiProject United States">Template Usage</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Requested_Articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Requested Articles"><b>Articles Requested!</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Members?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Members">Become a Member</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject United States">Project Talk</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Article_alerts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Article alerts">Alerts</a></li> </ul> </div><span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">United States</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject United States</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject United States</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">United States articles</span></span></td> <td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="assess import-low"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Low-importance_United_States_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Low-importance United States articles">Low</a></td> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Assessment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iowa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/75px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/113px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright" style="margin:0"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477"></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Iowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Iowa">Iowa portal</a></span></li> </ul>This article is supported by <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Iowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Iowa">WikiProject Iowa</a></b> (assessed as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Iowa_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Low-importance Iowa articles">Low-importance</a>).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   </section> <div class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate"> <div class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate-text"> <h3>Start a discussion about improving the John Ruan (businessman) page</h3> <div class="plainlinks"> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">Talk pages</a> are where people discuss how to make content on Wikipedia the best that it can be. 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