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Marmo verde di Prato - Wikipedia

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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#a0ffa0">Marmo verde di Prato o Serpentino</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Prato,_san_francesco,_facciata_(dopo_restauro_2022)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Prato%2C_san_francesco%2C_facciata_%28dopo_restauro_2022%29_02.jpg/235px-Prato%2C_san_francesco%2C_facciata_%28dopo_restauro_2022%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Prato%2C_san_francesco%2C_facciata_%28dopo_restauro_2022%29_02.jpg/353px-Prato%2C_san_francesco%2C_facciata_%28dopo_restauro_2022%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Prato%2C_san_francesco%2C_facciata_%28dopo_restauro_2022%29_02.jpg/471px-Prato%2C_san_francesco%2C_facciata_%28dopo_restauro_2022%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="3762" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>La trecentesca facciata della chiesa di San Francesco, a Prato, in bicromia verde di Prato e pietra alberese.</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_Strunz" title="Classificazione Strunz">Classificazione Strunz</a></th><td>9.ED.15 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Formula_bruta" title="Formula bruta">Formula chimica</a></th><td>Mg<sub>3</sub>(Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)(OH)<sub>4</sub> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#a0ffa0">Proprietà cristallografiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_cristallino" title="Gruppo cristallino">Gruppo cristallino</a></th><td>Trimetrico </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sistema_cristallino" title="Sistema cristallino">Sistema cristallino</a></th><td>Monoclino e Rombico </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#a0ffa0">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th>Densità</th><td>2,5 - 2,6 g/cm&#179; </td></tr><tr><th>Durezza (<a href="/wiki/Scala_di_Mohs" title="Scala di Mohs">Mohs</a>)</th><td>2 ½ </td></tr><tr><th>Colore</th><td>verde talora quasi nero, screziature tra il giallo e il verde </td></tr><tr><th>Lucentezza</th><td>da grassa a madreperlacea </td></tr><tr><th>Opacità</th><td>opaco </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Striscio" title="Striscio">Striscio</a></th><td>&#160; </td></tr><tr><th>Diffusione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Figline_di_Prato" title="Figline di Prato">Figline di Prato</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede" style="background:#a0ffa0"><small>Si invita a seguire lo schema di <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Modello_di_voce/Minerali/Esempio" title="Wikipedia:Modello di voce/Minerali/Esempio">Modello di voce – Minerale</a></i></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieve_di_sant%27ippolito_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pieve_di_sant%27ippolito_03.JPG/220px-Pieve_di_sant%27ippolito_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pieve_di_sant%27ippolito_03.JPG/330px-Pieve_di_sant%27ippolito_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pieve_di_sant%27ippolito_03.JPG/440px-Pieve_di_sant%27ippolito_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Le absidi in marmo serpentino della <a href="/wiki/Pieve_di_Sant%27Ippolito_in_Piazzanese" title="Pieve di Sant&#39;Ippolito in Piazzanese">Pieve di Sant'Ippolito</a> a <a href="/wiki/Prato_(Italia)" title="Prato (Italia)">Prato</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Il <b>marmo verde di <a href="/wiki/Prato_(Italia)" title="Prato (Italia)">Prato</a></b>, detto anche <b>serpentino</b>, è una roccia metamorfica, appartenente alle <a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">serpentiniti</a> appenniniche. Tipica dell'area pratese era storicamente cavata nei dintorni del borgo medievale di <a href="/wiki/Figline_di_Prato" title="Figline di Prato">Figline</a>, una frazione di <a href="/wiki/Prato_(Italia)" title="Prato (Italia)">Prato</a>, sulle prime pendici dell'<a href="/wiki/Appennini" title="Appennini">Appennino.</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La pietra, caratterizzata dal colore verde, a volte leggermente variegato, può presentare varie tonalità con sfumature tendenti per esempio al grigio o al blu ed a volte verso un verde scurissimo, infatti alcune volte viene detto "marmo nero di Prato".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Si presta ad una facile lucidatura pur con una struttura non perfettamente omogenea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uso_in_architettura">Uso in architettura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Uso in architettura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Uso in architettura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Questa pietra è stata utilizzata fin dal medioevo forse anche a causa della sua somiglianza con il <a href="/wiki/Porfido_verde_antico" title="Porfido verde antico">porfido verde antico</a>, una delle pietre più utilizzate nelle tarsie dell'<a href="/wiki/Opus_sectile" title="Opus sectile">opus sectile</a> tardoromano. Gli edifici di Roma spesso erano arricchiti dei marmi policromi provenienti da tutte le terre dell'impero: tra questi, frequenti erano i verdi intensi e vibranti del marmo tessalico noto come "verde antico", e del porfido verde di Grecia, per l'appunto denominato "serpentino". </p><p>La fortuna artistica del 'verde di Prato' coincide con la fioritura dell'architettura romanica toscana, soprattutto nel periodo romanico, dando vita, insieme alla <a href="/wiki/Pietra_alberese" title="Pietra alberese">pietra alberese</a> o al <a href="/wiki/Marmo_di_Carrara" title="Marmo di Carrara">marmo di Carrara</a>, alla tipica bicromia del <a href="/wiki/Architettura_romanica_in_Italia#Architettura_romanica_in_Toscana_e_Sardegna" title="Architettura romanica in Italia">romanico toscano</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romanico_pisano" title="Romanico pisano">pisano</a>, ma soprattutto lucchese, pistoiese, pratese, fiorentino. </p><p>Tarsie in marmo verde di Prato si trovano nelle più importanti chiese toscane, per esempio nell'esterno del <a href="/wiki/Battistero_di_San_Giovanni_(Firenze)" title="Battistero di San Giovanni (Firenze)">Battistero di Firenze</a>, nella facciata della <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Miniato_al_Monte" title="Basilica di San Miniato al Monte">Basilica di San Miniato al Monte</a>, della <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_di_San_Francesco_(Prato)" title="Chiesa di San Francesco (Prato)">Chiesa di San Francesco a Prato</a>, della <a href="/wiki/Badia_Fiesolana" title="Badia Fiesolana">Badia Fiesolana</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Prato" title="Duomo di Prato">Duomo di Prato</a>, di quello di <a href="/wiki/Cattedrale_di_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore" title="Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore">Firenze</a> e <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Siena" title="Duomo di Siena">Siena</a>, nel <a href="/wiki/Campanile_di_Giotto" title="Campanile di Giotto">campanile del duomo di Firenze</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e molti altri monumenti anche del periodo <a href="/wiki/Architettura_gotica" title="Architettura gotica">gotico</a> e fino all'epoca rinascimentale (<a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Carceri" title="Basilica di Santa Maria delle Carceri">Santa Maria delle Carceri</a> a Prato, facciata di <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Novella" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Novella">Santa Maria Novella</a> a Firenze). Comunque il Verde di Prato è stato utilizzato anche per membrature architettoniche strutturali fin dal medioevo, come nelle colonne della <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_dei_Santi_Apostoli_(Firenze)" title="Chiesa dei Santi Apostoli (Firenze)">chiesa dei Santi Apostoli</a> a Firenze.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Più raro l'uso per murature, come nel raro esempio della <a href="/wiki/Pieve_di_Sant%27Ippolito_in_Piazzanese" title="Pieve di Sant&#39;Ippolito in Piazzanese">Pieve di Sant'Ippolito in Piazzanese</a> a Prato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usi_recenti">Usi recenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Usi recenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Usi recenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In tempi relativamente recenti è stato utilizzato, frantumato, come materiali per sottofondi stradali e ferroviari. Negli anni Ottanta, ha conosciuto un breve ritorno nell'architettura con gli architetti cosiddetti "post-moderni" dell'area fiorentina. La cava di marmo verde di <a href="/wiki/Figline_di_Prato" title="Figline di Prato">Figline</a> è attualmente chiusa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"... nigrorum de Monte Ferrato..." ASF,1722,cc. 7 <i>Notarile antecosimiano</i>,34r-38v. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Marco Frati, <i>De bonis lapidibus conciis: la costruzione di Firenze ai tempi di Arnolfo di Cambio&#160;: strumenti, tecniche e maestranze nei cantieri fra XIII e XIV secolo</i>, Firenze University Press, 2006, p.62-63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">C. Acidini Luchinat, <i>Storia, arte, fede nelle chiese di Firenze</i>, Giunti Editore, 2001, p.248.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Analoghe caratteristiche al Verde di Prato hanno anche altre rocce con analoga struttura chimica. Si veda in generale: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serpentino" title="Serpentino">Serpentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmo_verde_di_Prato&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Marmo verde di Prato"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marmo_verde_di_Prato?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marmo_verde_di_Prato?uselang=it">Marmo verde di Prato</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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