CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913420f3b914f938',cH: 'DsDGkNDBzsN63_0u9c.cr_iaArTg2_NuQyRDJJ0UQXw-1739778020-1.2.1.1-CqBy.rARdpEvQ2GJ4e9Uj_Bm4SxCq2VPX9NffCPg4RWlH3pk9GAYb_S1m2thSozR',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=B.%20O.%20Atu&__cf_chl_tk=LaTed3xX15z5MU9F7aNF.W5MwZfJfWDODm7xMfwd.3c-1739778020-1.0.1.1-ZpZvAc.E5qOt7mAWfCjAwaFH1q71_eyeEzriLm0ek6E",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778020',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=B.%20O.%20Atu&__cf_chl_f_tk=LaTed3xX15z5MU9F7aNF.W5MwZfJfWDODm7xMfwd.3c-1739778020-1.0.1.1-ZpZvAc.E5qOt7mAWfCjAwaFH1q71_eyeEzriLm0ek6E",md: "Md_asNXlyN65pouwxKnF_dHL3fvbloe8xVdFITpd9pA-1739778020-1.2.1.1-nVtLtNe9Dua582ZQmMqEWv3_jT.NU1J603hKSOCVBEXri9NNQokUHWUghylCD4fbcGGu2Q8rvGerVQILK9OPundjpuMmQ7i4pojeBB7IV_iF65zzu6ENRHuJAJynPLVZzeittJMiLyaVWzAtRm3cWU6cXnBYNTU6X60HYz2h.Dx887XacGfnpu1cR.lB6d.Gdo8hBh5SZGCEsc1QdgX7MivicbqGSZApvPiGjTxGW4g_Vbjc6aT2BrR7jHnnJ._eIElZiqoNdG_BavibZl.DTvTn.AfCVG.hVkp7R4vbL5iq6vBYQPPXqOj7uSyNCoeAS54tzE3GnPKuFEvYRAYHJCxZMUVi3Ze2RGoDjqDx3ly6CWLgYcZIN0ADM5iRXLECdx..rkG1ICjJ6fHdSoA5SLDha163vObiN4RwpLOJrOPIs28HugXUQ4qwA2KmWdqyIgkzQnHzSS7Wx_1YYu5OeiTdMtdnUNrvEbGzH1_m1CB_B.V69JFrRdgfGxvpcvyscDkOqbIsMOmJqr.k26Fy7Ig3mDUS9zltCJ95I4__h_kwT8XX9LOyANIGBm3HkRtuGlgilJyDrNKAnG.VCuLQQf5MP0tDJi1fU_qOrV25RoBDrfFPdJv1XpOHD.je4ZuHL6KZGE1S7xYZwX1bGA6SwAevPbqZj7_msSlQ4UzKfkATg4TLN5X79h9VmmFIvZvJxGhnhHgjfF6zIiI2oZFdGQuO2YG2YmSAqZwSV8sFfZgZ1Cug5RD9F_E1uYd2fLo5Mf_JPByd7qxyQA.1Qg8RnDNEXsuGRfuYWHXZxfJ3XCbcf7wtdOyqmQ4dkgrizX63oXnP1yN5MC1bt.6_jbC.122kLsc0DwzWD9Ww0YFOeA9ukOzRx_oW39Z.vYXGqDQhsmiK5G4.N.juUTD8ZDB5hwvBgbPP9tS3818HxXfNaco.FI6l8Y2GK57kYjWDIVCGBOko88jz4INPryFUlLReDo6xWGSLXH1rPOnXlfhv3FKBugGEsNWdz6JIOUu5rAwz5gSADlVZshB4XWlZfbSsWmEE1tAWfbUX_fUw8KZNvs.wHY8vQUsv_3V9PYApc8XQciD0gHovecAOV98duhcChUutqDQBLrjCFLBhB7mk7RR2RASwFM3_vJm0pwDYjs7y.WOoGlnbiCVkRDHS03NZneM8PLlkg5He5lpSjCh1gghjfBg8ih6MfNUOV.adJw4Mkzu9yl3cGgkqaa4Wt68kDMmn0fVZRuJ1XIhRfa0ODylO0kGsINd2Gyy4DalxdSgsGsvkxE60XsUvOLHlaw7J49HmfKeLEV9gagMvbRV1xLor9hMI63eygroKQ_OluOlOrHEkOzo01ALRBzytgYzc_scgBMp7iUWkc.fUoOP5K84S269KwMm.znLr8PnATWMX_kxoQwzl8OZmDUUJsqGBqHB7w.cmrDAe3RexcE8NFWjN914Jg6GPV9mWiray9v0IupP3_raWbCy6U.xZ2bdy5kFFZj.wsD7V91sFJ8bIG6tR1EAvDlXbTwcvWjr87VpmbpfWt8fNRBytrOrPv8iidcIAniEfRjRnf7BO1wdre0IndKd2.vYUvuiCM_wTqZgCJisaDFHp6Z8HFpE1pGUITyCTDTzSK2MKBQ3J.qAn.cQDYVcEdh.dKk_FXTOoH.4GSWnxt08yMRAwYXwwLwynuLDjh0ySD.dfDDJ5QY0SCdFyFBnwzM8I5ac.vmHbyTAcYKP87A6G3xfp4a3eqFNu07ScxUjyr18OWZz.MrS4R9VLRM4x5gKIeIn3bKVYjAxFqbzNLa8R70YoJ3C2TazWFBx7vNRGSwcM9ZFg6EX2eDfvXBBnbm74Xj6BQrjqQEjYLAsgDj7w11Fu.X4KESpLkmenAENiCwPafhM1b9XVHlapvYSeyOm_5V5VlDDghxiO84NjlTxib92geZ2mxzGjR1iauNz8LQmrXogYQnwSGfE",mdrd: "sZgv.yPpRnveqvJEalGR0jyI5uW1n.mOjvWKSv7AoFg-1739778020-1.2.1.1-BT0ejrT8jEYkG4rk.cYZsWgoCJIO8iYbFlkq27z0gmDt6L3apwTe9R_XdzrDcXtBZOF28RMZtqfyIV9WKJoFmG8wQXszr8aJ2wboH0AtfwhJNnHYnfiLaxdmMpctsNBaibZGIU.3huTvTJCCliTqlwx5UBLz4l161Byukmqk95Fg8xNqyzJUjXnVL.ZJIGV4WI2OB7wT7VJoopBxMumXUzSzx63tQowb9_5lrYeZyp_oWtpwCteo85pTsKxzadTJIrJN_IwHZ3fHnOwM2iWABti_0Q0Wa7XHd3iGZyhVYbuc0dsRxViHv2f3MI7K2OSrOg8rzhPyIUbI01B1SPIb3TDZqFhKJMIAE7c32A_.at8C_N6A0QyNKT8WI4yV_G6pHnuCaMM4qmNa3gs7dpbESECOZsEFnTLO9UBH0wHIpnTYC62frizyEy2VYiSDCV9skH7iQVqj8amaZKHM47QNukFBh0yf7qIxdFvnbn.3ftlx.aElDP3RR9KyQnmS9AlSRCRNMNrorm8cX5.ce2ORPNl6LdGpw.CseBRIRnfCTkc2hhjNRFNNWazdOM5WU2rLli1095ydOhQxi3_jvkJDQH1iBPjSf88IDjtjv8QkdX_UaOt1qQY1b5WajxEqQMKs_wh5xK_YzwFTu0XVHk2rLCK.HyT6CbJzrgt.WtrMdcejDyc9JJftHBO2Y3tkuiHhz7wuEZ1qPN92qXPdxl.tLCy2JXTOgVtz5NhXzarK4LQ1lj9IdYlruPQuABeXxcMC_jY.waox1BS52ThCVNrdqcQ8Ls71Q_0Ley5YF_olGfoeVFGI2SqXQtJ8QCCDOLZUg_IpGq3JHjQF9uAsEBrqVgU4SUcN9LTM2s.7_QeOmUvHh2Yb4QZQQ.12e7KRetcQkfY3_2lP0wHWjn1aXYec3qtG05tTdeD1KINE0xj9YzLxS7qK2wbXscQDM.YyTB9xe3hZS5tYiGM_0MV0H2zrbgTlw_BDFgjM6OvfVl3eQDp9XtM9uVcQxBKnN01Qq0bCPZV.fa21nXMpz6Pr.D3yJYNgVhSTqC_E9qSbnT5m2YjzmDJs.LObaj5EItw7DKBpFiAFXsh0Mn8_pPViPz2oQ06dBesNn9XnHor.zu4KCmw2Ji5etI0VwhaLgT.FhDvt03kixWXGa_mS_XAg9qx4aWYzvlgzpomjYYHNhLI7wBPprncR7cpeLeHumf64uU7B2rvp031Xw1KpavAECcTdCpvXO_tiM5GDYNT7fzu3WQ4ncZBlQF1BnQt_XhKCs9x4egaY1pdYn5MMKjAx5mBq97k7rJ2cOCHaDNcP4zZbyt3gfAXv7c_gl_JM0PdyH_jPtALmPetAytuexsvqOlbCCTbmkhSH6pTbx_U9ZlgES4ukFQeJNty0TK6NqkT2vZvplgBJsnL8jzeAk6b0UNAGiH8ZBjIYPly4TW2yH5yzWugN740F.suIll9OvpIpHvhnCgpaus8.UPalGjLzC9QccwBeF6ZhaK0PIQmHYDO_mdL_YPZMUDDAtK4p.V4wRdS_IeDJcA5IVwEnfivy9O0Eur_QbuqOtzwMq46QEtcawdyzwOzANgx6fWEbe.CVfZLAFUUc3_TSVG1ekl3MRDVY_mitEjhogVPKpWUaVh0qhqbJ0roJ8UicgJYTNjFZQtZmFUkMwcxY_oR1GW.6.POYZhZphVsU3qcDtUn1.XAOvnIJK1zm5EzWtpNxBqjzH2CXP3_zFFrUfD8p7a7yRAh5RmaYIoDDxNA2_yarZG9FpMit3zvlZtarzR9OgVU8ni_8lZJCVHVV0l7liOMm6cy2IpBGhckxx.w_p4e3wMtcP.oilS09qZbbjzO7y7sj1vD9WZvBjL6pjCmLTLV7q3iYW_yp09YAFgBs3psZufEdvvuIkj1XoaHRi4wwPo0ysCATA6GVLYNB9NQvfxgJpYWpvtMJakzremt_9WQlxcRJQeKiN3z_WQcGMfdHbPnwN5vR"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913420f3b914f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=B.%20O.%20Atu&__cf_chl_rt_tk=LaTed3xX15z5MU9F7aNF.W5MwZfJfWDODm7xMfwd.3c-1739778020-1.0.1.1-ZpZvAc.E5qOt7mAWfCjAwaFH1q71_eyeEzriLm0ek6E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>