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Samienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Samienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_donna_di_Samo" title="La donna di Samo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La donna di Samo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samia_(Menander)" title="Samia (Menander) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Samia (Menander)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_szamoszi_l%C3%A1ny" title="A szamoszi lány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A szamoszi lány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2_(%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9)" title="サミア (メナンドロス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サミア (メナンドロス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Самиянка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самиянка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic">Samia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Samia_(Girl_from_Samos)_Mytilene_3cAD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Samia_%28Girl_from_Samos%29_Mytilene_3cAD.jpg/220px-Samia_%28Girl_from_Samos%29_Mytilene_3cAD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Samia_%28Girl_from_Samos%29_Mytilene_3cAD.jpg/330px-Samia_%28Girl_from_Samos%29_Mytilene_3cAD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Samia_%28Girl_from_Samos%29_Mytilene_3cAD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="455" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A scene from Act 3 of Menander's <i>Samia</i> on a <a href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic" title="Roman mosaic">mosaic</a> (late 3rd or early 4th century AD)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Σαμία</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data description"><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Characters</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Moschion, young man, son of Demeas</li> <li>Demeas, neighbor of Nikeratos, father of Moschion</li> <li>Parmenon, demeas and Moschion servant</li> <li>Chrysis, the Samian girl, Demeas's mistress</li> <li>Nikeratos, young woman, daughter of Nikeratos</li> <li>Chef, cooks for the wedding</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Date premiered</th><td class="infobox-data">315/309 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="New Comedy">New Comedy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Samia</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Σαμία</span>), translated as <i><b>The Girl From Samos</b></i>, or <i><b>The Marriage Connection</b></i>, is an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a>, who lived from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 341/2</span> - 290 BC. It is the dramatist's second most extant play with up to 116 lines missing compared to <i><a href="/wiki/Dyskolos" title="Dyskolos">Dyskolos</a></i>’s 39. The date of its first performance is unknown, with 315 BC and 309 BC being two suggested dates.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surviving text of <i>Samia</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Codex" title="Cairo Codex">Cairo Codex</a> found in 1907 and the <a href="/wiki/Bodmer_Papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodmer Papyri">Bodmer Papyri</a> from 1952. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Samia</i> takes place in a street in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, outside the houses of Demeas, a wealthy bachelor, and Nikeratos, his less wealthy business partner.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the events in the play Demeas had taken in a <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samian</a> girl, Chrysis, as his mistress despite misgivings. Chrysis becomes pregnant and was under orders from Demeas to dispose of the illegitimate child. At the same time Moschion, the adopted son of Demeas, seduced the daughter of Nikeratos, Plangon, and she too is pregnant. Both babies are born around the same time. Unfortunately, Chrysis' baby dies and she takes Plangon's to nurse instead. </p><p>Act 1 starts with the events being narrated in a <a href="/wiki/Prologue" title="Prologue">prologue</a> speech by Moschion, at the outset of the play Nikeratos and Demeas are away on a business trip. When the play begins Chrysis is overhearing a conversation between Moschion and his father's servant Parmenon regarding the return of Nikeratos and Demeas. Moschion is nervous about facing his father as he wishes to ask his father's permission to marry Nikeratos' daughter. When the two men return from their trip they have already made just such a marriage arrangement for Moschion and Plangon. </p><p>In act 2, Moschion is mentally preparing for the wedding, while Demeas finds the child within his house and believing it to be Chrysis', kept against his will, wishes to expel her from his house. Moschion convinces him to keep the child and broaches the question of marriage. Demeas is pleased at Moschion's willingness to go along with his plan and they agree to have the wedding that very day. </p><p>However, in a speech which opens act 3 of the play, Demeas relates how in the course of preparations he overheard Moschion's nurse remarking that the child was Moschion's, and seeing Chrysis breastfeeding the child was sufficient to convince him that Moschion had had an affair with his mistress. Demeas consults Parmenon about it but his anger frightens the servant into silence and he is unable to gain any reliable information. The aggression of Demeas and the fear of Parmenon result in a misunderstanding as Parmenon admits the child is Moschion's but does not reveal that the mother is Plangon, and that Chrysis is only nursing it. Demeas, not wishing to blame Moschion, accuses Chrysis of seducing him. When he confronts Chrysis there is a further misunderstanding as Demeas, wishing to keep the scandal secret, does not explicitly say he believes she seduced Moschion, instead he evicts her from his house because she kept the baby. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg/235px-Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg/353px-Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg/470px-Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1451" /></a><figcaption>Roman, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republican</a> or <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Early Imperial</a>, <i>Relief of a seated poet (Menander) with masks of New Comedy</i>, 1st century B.C. – early 1st century A.D., <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Art_Museum" title="Princeton University Art Museum">Princeton University Art Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In act 4, the whole of which is in the lively <a href="/wiki/Trochaic_septenarius" title="Trochaic septenarius">trochaic tetrameter</a> metre,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nikeratos takes pity on Chrysis: he escorts her into his house and takes a mediating role. However, like Demeas, he possesses only half the truth. He questions Moschion who informs Nikeratos that Demeas has evicted Chrysis and eagerly tries to hurry ahead the wedding plans despite the current turmoil. Demeas arrives and Moschion and Nikeratos both question him about Chrysis, they both wish for her to be returned to the house. However, Demeas’ unspoken assumption about Moschion and Chrysis having an affair causes him to become enraged yet again. Demeas then admits that he knows the child is Moschion's but again, does not mention Chrysis. This specific misunderstanding ignites a debate between the three men, with Nikeratos leaving to remove Chrysis from his house as he has been led to believe the same as Demeas. At this point Moschion admits to his seduction of Plangon to them and that the child is theirs. </p><p>This revelation ends the conflict between Demeas and Moschion. However, Nikeratos returns after having seen his own daughter feeding the baby. Moschion flees the scene and Nikeratos, believing that his wife and daughter have turned against him in support of Chrysis, goes to kill them. Chrysis flees from his house carrying the baby and Demeas ushers her into his own. He then proceeds to placate Nikeratos and convinces him to proceed with the marriage as planned. </p><p>In act 5, despite being reconciled with his adoptive father Moschion is upset that Demeas would think to accuse him of seducing Chrysis, he decides that he is going to leave Athens and join the military. However, after a comic scene with Parmenon, Demeas arrives and confronts Moschion, apologizing for the assumptions he made. Nikeratos also arrives and there is a brief altercation as the old man believes Moschion is trying to run away from the wedding. This is quickly put to rest and the marriage proceeds as planned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theme">Theme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The theme of this play is to view the relationship between the father and son.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Moschion not being the real son of Demas, Demas loves him as if he was his own. Despite all the misunderstandings, and Demas wanting to throw Chrysis out, Demas realizes that he misjudged and asks for forgiveness from Moschion, and Demas decides to continue with the marriage. Menander is very fond of this type of relationship, as he is famous for quoting, “Father is he who raised the child, not he who sired it."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also uses this theme in other plays, such as <a href="/wiki/Dyskolos" title="Dyskolos">Dyskolos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discussion">Discussion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discussion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moschion's_prologue"><span id="Moschion.27s_prologue"></span>Moschion's prologue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Moschion's prologue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to <i><a href="/wiki/Dyskolos" title="Dyskolos">Dyskolos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Epitrepontes" title="Epitrepontes">Epitrepontes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Perikeiromene" title="Perikeiromene">Perikeiromene</a></i> and other, more fragmentary plays, the prologue of <i>Samia</i> is given by a human character. By having Moschion deliver the opening exposition the audience is given a subjective opinion, not objective divine omniscience. This is a more technically sophisticated method, but its suitability depends on the plot of the play. Given that this is a play driven by miscommunication between characters, the bias of this prologue highlights the distinction between what Moschion leads us to expect and what actually takes place. Furthermore, Moschion knows all the cast of <i>Samia</i> as they are his family and neighbors and therefore he can introduce them all, whereas in <i>Dyskolos</i> a divinity is needed as no human character can introduce all those involved to an audience.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_and_legal_context">Social and legal context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Social and legal context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Samia</i>, like much of <a href="/wiki/New_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="New Comedy">New Comedy</a> operates in a social sphere, drawing on legal and social practice to provide the plot. The social misdemeanor that sets the events of the play in motion at a fast pace is Moschion's seduction of Plangon.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Moschion formally confirms that the child is his own, it is illegitimate. An illegitimate child within a play by Menander must be made legitimate by the conclusion as it is required by the natural justice of the play. The legal device used here, and also in <i><a href="/wiki/Epitrepontes" title="Epitrepontes">Epitrepontes</a></i>, is that a child conceived by a couple prior to their wedding will become legitimate after the wedding; this is why Moschion acts with such haste to ensure the marriage takes place before his actions are discovered. </p><p>However, the fate of the child is entirely ignored by Menander in the closing scene, forcing scholars to speculate about its future. Two different viewpoints have been adopted. The child could be returned to its natural parents or stay in the care of Chrysis.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reasons for Menander's silence on the matter could stem from a lack of dramatic interest in the child or from conclusions that were self-evident to an ancient audience but not a modern one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menander pioneered the five-act structure frequently observed in modern plays. Playwright <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Freytag" title="Gustav Freytag">Gustav Freytag</a> would later use this model to create his <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masterclass.com/articles/freytags-pyramid">"dramatic arc"</a> used to identify the five-act structure. Previously, Greek writers such as <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> used two acts separated by a <a href="/wiki/Parabasis" title="Parabasis">parabasis</a>, in which all actors exited the stage and the chorus directly addressed the audience. While Samia is not completely intact, its use of five distinct acts remains an example of Menander's revolutionary work for literature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations">Translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Gardner_Turner" title="Eric Gardner Turner">Eric G. Turner</a>, 1971, verse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/girlfromsamosori0000mena">available for digital loan</a></li> <li>D.M. Bain, 1983, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samia0000mena">available for digital loan</a></li> <li>W. G. Arnott, 2000: Menander. Volume III. The Loeb Classical Library 460.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T.B.L. Webster offers 321-319 B.C. as the date for the performance of Samia based upon the evacuation of Samos as a potential inspiration for the plot and the mention of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chairephon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chairephon (page does not exist)">Chairephon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Androkles" class="mw-redirect" title="Androkles">Androkles</a> within the text. Arnott (p. 11) tentatively suggests 314 B.C.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeuls1973" class="citation journal cs1">Keuls, Eva (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20180442">"The Samia of Menander. An Interpretation of Its Plot and Theme"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i>. <b>10</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0084-5388">0084-5388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=The+Samia+of+Menander.+An+Interpretation+of+Its+Plot+and+Theme&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=1973&rft.issn=0084-5388&rft.aulast=Keuls&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20180442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamia+%28play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. G. Arnott (2000), <i>Menander</i> vol 3 (Loeb Classical Library 460), p. 103. The rest of the play is in the usual iambic trimeters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a detailed comparison of the divine prologue of <i>Dyskolos</i> and the human prologue of <i>Samia</i> see S. Ireland (1992), pp. 3-4 and 34-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is important to note that although within the text of <i>Samia</i> the suggestion of rape is not explicit, within the worlds of Menander a respectable girl, like Plangon, would never voluntarily engage in pre-marital sex.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a detailed assessment of both viewpoints see S.Ireland (1992), p.61-2</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samia_(play)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreland1992" class="citation book cs1">Ireland, S. (1992). <i>Menander Dyskolos, Samia and Other Plays</i>. Bristol Classical Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Menander+Dyskolos%2C+Samia+and+Other+Plays&rft.pub=Bristol+Classical+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamia+%28play%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1987" class="citation book cs1">Miller, N (1987). <i>Menander: Plays and Fragments</i>. Penguin Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Menander%3A+Plays+and+Fragments&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamia+%28play%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster1974" class="citation book cs1">Webster, T.L.B. (1974). <i>An introduction to Menander</i>. Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+Menander&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=T.L.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamia+%28play%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usu.edu/markdamen/ClasDram/menander/samia.pdf">The Girl From Samos [Samia or The Marriage Connection]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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