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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Predynastic Period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Predynastic_Period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Predynastic Period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Predynastic_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lower_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lower Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Upper Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predynastic_rulers:_Dynasty_0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predynastic_rulers:_Dynasty_0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Predynastic rulers: Dynasty 0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predynastic_rulers:_Dynasty_0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Dynastic_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Dynastic_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Early Dynastic Period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_Dynastic_Period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early Dynastic Period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_Dynastic_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Old Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Old_Kingdom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Old Kingdom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Old_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Third_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Third Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fourth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Fifth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Sixth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Intermediate_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Intermediate_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>First Intermediate Period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle First Intermediate Period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-First_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seventh_and_Eighth_Dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_and_Eighth_Dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Seventh and Eighth Dynasties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_and_Eighth_Dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ninth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ninth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ninth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ninth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Tenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eleventh_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eleventh_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Eleventh Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eleventh_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Middle Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Middle_Kingdom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Middle Kingdom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Middle_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eleventh_Dynasty_cont." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eleventh_Dynasty_cont."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Eleventh Dynasty cont.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eleventh_Dynasty_cont.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twelfth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twelfth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Twelfth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twelfth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Intermediate_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Intermediate_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Second Intermediate Period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Second Intermediate Period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Second_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thirteenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thirteenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Thirteenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thirteenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourteenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourteenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Fourteenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourteenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifteenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifteenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Fifteenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifteenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abydos_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abydos_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Abydos Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abydos_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixteenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixteenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Sixteenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixteenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventeenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventeenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Seventeenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventeenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>New Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_Kingdom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle New Kingdom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-New_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eighteenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eighteenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Eighteenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eighteenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nineteenth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nineteenth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Nineteenth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nineteenth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twentieth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Twentieth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Intermediate_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Intermediate_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Third Intermediate Period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Third_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Third Intermediate Period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Third_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twenty-First_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-First_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Twenty-First Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-First_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Theban High Priests of Amun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-Second_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Second_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Twenty-Second Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Second_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-Third_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Third_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Twenty-Third Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Third_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-Fourth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Fourth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Twenty-Fourth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Fourth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-Fifth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Fifth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Twenty-Fifth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Fifth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Late Period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Late_Period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Late Period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Late_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twenty-Sixth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Sixth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Twenty-Sixth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Sixth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-Seventh_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Seventh_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Twenty-Seventh Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Seventh_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-Eighth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Eighth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Twenty-Eighth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Eighth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-Ninth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-Ninth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Twenty-Ninth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-Ninth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thirtieth_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thirtieth_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Thirtieth Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thirtieth_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thirty-First_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thirty-First_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Thirty-First Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thirty-First_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Hellenistic period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hellenistic period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argead_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argead_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Argead Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argead_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ptolemaic_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ptolemaic_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Ptolemaic Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ptolemaic_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of pharaohs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lys_van_farao%27s" title="Lys van farao's – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lys van farao's" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="قائمة ملوك مصر القديمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة ملوك مصر القديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85%D3%80" title="ПиргӀавназул сияхӀ – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ПиргӀавназул сияхӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Фараони в хронологичен ред – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фараони в хронологичен ред" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisak_faraona" title="Spisak faraona – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Spisak faraona" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_Faraoned_Egipt" title="Roll Faraoned Egipt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roll Faraoned Egipt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_faraons" title="Llista de faraons – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de faraons" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D1%82-%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%C4%95" title="Фараонсен ят-йышĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фараонсен ят-йышĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_kr%C3%A1l%C5%AF_starov%C4%9Bk%C3%A9ho_Egypta" title="Seznam králů starověkého Egypta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam králů starověkého Egypta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenhinoedd_yr_Aifft" title="Brenhinoedd yr Aifft – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brenhinoedd yr Aifft" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Pharaonen" title="Liste der Pharaonen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Pharaonen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Faraones_de_Egipto" title="Anexo:Faraones de Egipto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Faraones de Egipto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_re%C4%9Doj_de_antikva_Egiptio" title="Listo de reĝoj de antikva Egiptio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de reĝoj de antikva Egiptio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="فهرست فرعون‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست فرعون‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie_des_pharaons_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Chronologie des pharaons de l'Égypte antique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chronologie des pharaons de l'Égypte antique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_fara%C3%B3ns" title="Lista de faraóns – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lista de faraóns" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%98%A4_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="파라오 목록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파라오 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Փարավոնների ցանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փարավոնների ցանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="फैरो की सूची – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फैरो की सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popis_faraona" title="Popis faraona – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Popis faraona" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraono_di_Egiptia" title="Faraono di Egiptia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Faraono di Egiptia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_penguasa_Mesir_kuno" title="Daftar penguasa Mesir kuno – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar penguasa Mesir kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_dei_faraoni" title="Lista dei faraoni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lista dei faraoni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פרעוני מצרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרעוני מצרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9laning_pirangon" title="Pratélaning pirangon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélaning pirangon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეგვიპტის ფარაონების სია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეგვიპტის ფარაონების სია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasti_Pharaonum" title="Fasti Pharaonum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fasti Pharaonum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABscht_vun_de_Pharaonen" title="Lëscht vun de Pharaonen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lëscht vun de Pharaonen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%85ra%C5%A1as:Faraonai" title="Sąrašas:Faraonai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sąrašas:Faraonai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1ra%C3%B3k_list%C3%A1ja" title="Fáraók listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fáraók listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Список на фараони – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Список на фараони" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="لستة اسر فراعنة مصر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لستة اسر فراعنة مصر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_firaun" title="Senarai firaun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai firaun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_farao%27s" title="Lijst van farao's – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van farao's" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="ファラオの一覧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファラオの一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_faraoer" title="Liste over faraoer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over faraoer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraons_per_%C3%B2rdre_cronologic" title="Faraons per òrdre cronologic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Faraons per òrdre cronologic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="لسٹ فراعین مصر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لسٹ فراعین مصر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Egiptu" title="Władcy Egiptu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władcy Egiptu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_fara%C3%B3s" title="Lista de faraós – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de faraós" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_faraonilor" title="Lista faraonilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lista faraonilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Список фараонов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список фараонов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraonet_e_egjiptit" title="Faraonet e egjiptit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Faraonet e egjiptit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="පාරාවෝවරුන්ගේ ලැයිස්තුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාරාවෝවරුන්ගේ ලැයිස්තුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="List of pharaohs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_vl%C3%A1dcov_starovek%C3%A9ho_Egypta" title="Zoznam vládcov starovekého Egypta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam vládcov starovekého Egypta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_faraonov" title="Seznam faraonov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seznam faraonov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Списак староегипатских владара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Списак староегипатских владара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_faraona" title="Lista faraona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lista faraona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Egyptin_faaraoista" title="Luettelo Egyptin faaraoista – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Egyptin faaraoista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptens_h%C3%A4rskare" title="Egyptens härskare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Egyptens härskare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பாரோக்களின் பட்டியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரோக்களின் பட்டியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="รายพระนามฟาโรห์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รายพระนามฟาโรห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firavunlar_listesi" title="Firavunlar listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Firavunlar listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_pharaohs" title="Special:EditPage/List of pharaohs">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">Pharaoh of <span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/130px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/195px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/260px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">pschent</a> combined the <a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Red Crown</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">White Crown</a> of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pharaoh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pharaoh.svg/200px-Pharaoh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pharaoh.svg/300px-Pharaoh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pharaoh.svg/400px-Pharaoh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="680" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A typical depiction of a pharaoh</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Five-name titulary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a><br /><small>(last native)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Clayton_217_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clayton_217-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Caesarion</a><br /><small>(last actual)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a><br /><small>(last to be referred to as pharaoh)</small></li></ul> </div><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3100 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolition</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>343 BC<br /><small>(last native pharaoh)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Clayton_217_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clayton_217-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>30 BC<br /><small>(last Greek pharaohs)</small></li> <li>313 AD<br /><small>(last Roman Emperor to be called pharaoh)</small><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Egypt" title="List of historical capitals of Egypt">Varies by era</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_king" title="Sacred king">Divine right</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The title "<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a>" is used for those rulers of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> who ruled after the unification of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a> by <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Dynastic Period of Egypt">Early Dynastic Period</a>, approximately 3100 BC. However, the specific title was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">18th Dynasty</a>, c. 1400 BC. Along with the title pharaoh for later rulers, there was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Ancient Egyptian royal titulary</a> used by Egyptian kings which remained relatively constant during the course of Ancient Egyptian history, initially featuring a <a href="/wiki/Horus_name" title="Horus name">Horus name</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">Sedge and Bee</a> (<i>nswt-bjtj</i>) name and a Two Ladies (<i>nbtj</i>) name, with the additional Golden Horus, nomen and prenomen titles being added successively during later dynasties. </p><p>Egypt was continually governed, at least in part, by native pharaohs for approximately 2500 years, until it was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kingdom of Kush</a> in the late 8th century BC, whose rulers adopted the traditional pharaonic titulature for themselves. Following the Kushite conquest, Egypt experienced another period of independent native rule before being conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, whose rulers also adopted the title of pharaoh. The last native pharaoh of Egypt was <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a>, who was pharaoh before the Achaemenids conquered Egypt for a second time. </p><p>Achaemenid rule over Egypt came to an end through the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Wars of Alexander the Great">conquests</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 332 BC, after which it was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Hellenic</a> Pharaohs of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic Dynasty</a>. Their rule, and the independence of Egypt, came to an end when Egypt became a province of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> in 30 BC. <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a> were <a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">styled as Pharaoh</a> when in Egypt until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a> in 314 AD. </p><p> The dates given in this <b>list of pharaohs</b> are approximate. They are based primarily on the <a href="/wiki/Conventional_chronology_of_Ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt">conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt</a>, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> database developed by the <a href="/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology">Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology</a>, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style></p><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Egyptian_king_lists">Ancient Egyptian king lists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient Egyptian king lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records and, including Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>'s <i>Aegyptiaca</i>, as well as archaeological evidence. Concerning ancient sources, Egyptologists and historians alike call for caution in regard to the credibility, exactitude and completeness of these sources, many of which were written long after the reigns they report.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional problem is that ancient king lists are often damaged, inconsistent with one another and/or selective. </p><p>The following ancient king lists are known (along with the dynasty under which they were created):<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_seal_impressions" title="Den seal impressions">Den seal impressions</a> (1st Dynasty); found on a cylinder seal in <a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a>'s tomb. It lists all 1st Dynasty kings from <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> to Den by their <a href="/wiki/Horus_name" title="Horus name">Horus names</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-josep_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-josep-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Stone" title="Palermo Stone">Palermo Stone</a> (5th Dynasty); carved on an <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">olivine-basalt</a> slab. Broken into pieces and thus today incomplete.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giza_writing_board" title="Giza writing board">Giza writing board</a> (6th Dynasty); painted with red, green and black <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">ink</a> on <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> and cedar wood. Very selective.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Saqqara_Stone" title="South Saqqara Stone">South Saqqara Stone</a> (6th Dynasty); carved on a black basalt slab. Very selective.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnak_King_List" title="Karnak King List">Karnak King List</a> (18th Dynasty); carved on <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>. Very selective.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List" title="Abydos King List">Abydos King List</a> of Seti I (19th Dynasty); carved on limestone. Very detailed, but omitting some of the Kings from <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="First Intermediate Period">First Intermediate Period</a> and all the kings from <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Intermediate Period">Second Intermediate Period</a> of Egypt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List_(Ramesses_II)" title="Abydos King List (Ramesses II)">Abydos King List of Ramesses II</a> (19th Dynasty); carved on limestone. Very selective, today damaged.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesseum_king_list" title="Ramesseum king list">Ramesseum king list</a> (19th Dynasty); carved on limestone. Contains most of the New Kingdom pharaohs up to Ramesses II.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqqara_Tablet" title="Saqqara Tablet">Saqqara Tablet</a> (19th Dynasty), carved on limestone. Very detailed, but omitting most kings of the 1st Dynasty for unknown reasons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin King List</a> (19th Dynasty); written with red and black ink on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a>. Likely the most complete king-list in history, today damaged.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medinet_Habu_king_list" title="Medinet Habu king list">Medinet Habu king list</a> (20th Dynasty); carved on limestone and very similar to the Ramesseum king list.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Ankhefensekhmet" title="Genealogy of Ankhefensekhmet">Genealogy of Ankhefensekhmet</a> (22nd Dynasty); carved on limestone, today damaged.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aegyptiaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptiaca">Aegyptiaca</a></i> (Greek Period); possibly written on papyrus. The original writings are lost today and many anecdotes assigned to certain kings seem fictitious.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predynastic_Period">Predynastic Period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Predynastic Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Prehistoric Egypt</a></div><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Predynastic Period</a> ends around 3100 BC when Egypt was first unified as a single kingdom. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_Egypt">Lower Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lower Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a> geographically consists of the northern <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">Nile delta</a>. </p><p>The following list may be incomplete: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td>[...]pu<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a> / Seka </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a> / Teyew </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a> / Tjesh </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>c. 3290 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002,_p._137_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Schneider_2002,_p._137-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/100px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/150px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg/200px-Palermo_stone_predynastic_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td>[...]a<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002,_p._137_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Schneider_2002,_p._137-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hedju.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hedju.png/100px-Hedju.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hedju.png/150px-Hedju.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hedju.png/200px-Hedju.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="374" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a> </td> <td>Only known from two clay jugs from <a href="/wiki/Tura,_Egypt" title="Tura, Egypt">Tura, Egypt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqada II">Naqada II</a> c. 3270 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serekhs_Ny_Hor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Serekhs_Ny_Hor.jpg/100px-Serekhs_Ny_Hor.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Serekhs_Ny_Hor.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a> </td> <td>Only known from clay and stone vessels found in tombs near Tarchan, Tura, Tarjan, and Nagada. Some scholars believe that this serekh is simply a crude attempt at writing the name "<a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqada II">Naqada II</a> c. 3260 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ni-Neith.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ni-Neith.png/142px-Ni-Neith.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ni-Neith.png/213px-Ni-Neith.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ni-Neith.png/284px-Ni-Neith.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="309" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a> </td> <td>Only known from inscriptions in <a href="/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan">Helwan</a>. Reading of name is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>c. 3250 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serekhs-Hat_Hor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Serekhs-Hat_Hor.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="111" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a> </td> <td>Some scholars believe that this serekh is simply a crude attempt at writing the name "<a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>c. 3220 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serech_Double-Falcon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Serech_Double-Falcon.png/100px-Serech_Double-Falcon.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Serech_Double-Falcon.png/150px-Serech_Double-Falcon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Serech_Double-Falcon.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a>] </td> <td>May also have ruled in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> </td> <td>c. 3200 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 100px; height: 100px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -100px; left: -100px; width: 200px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EB1911_Egypt_-_Early_Art_-_King_Narmer,_Slate_Palette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="EB1911 Egypt - Early Art - King Narmer, Slate Palette.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/EB1911_Egypt_-_Early_Art_-_King_Narmer%2C_Slate_Palette.jpg/200px-EB1911_Egypt_-_Early_Art_-_King_Narmer%2C_Slate_Palette.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/EB1911_Egypt_-_Early_Art_-_King_Narmer%2C_Slate_Palette.jpg/300px-EB1911_Egypt_-_Early_Art_-_King_Narmer%2C_Slate_Palette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/EB1911_Egypt_-_Early_Art_-_King_Narmer%2C_Slate_Palette.jpg/400px-EB1911_Egypt_-_Early_Art_-_King_Narmer%2C_Slate_Palette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Narmer_Palette" title="Narmer Palette">Narmer Palette</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>c. 3150 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_Egypt">Upper Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Upper Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> refers to the region up-river to the south of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>. </p><p>Regrouped here are predynastic rulers of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> belonging to the late <a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a> period, sometimes informally described as Dynasty 0: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pharaoh_A_serekh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pharaoh_A_serekh.svg/100px-Pharaoh_A_serekh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pharaoh_A_serekh.svg/150px-Pharaoh_A_serekh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pharaoh_A_serekh.svg/200px-Pharaoh_A_serekh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="538" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a> (?) </td> <td>Only known from a graffito discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert" title="Western Desert">Western Desert</a> in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ruler is otherwise unattested. </td> <td>c. 3180 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a>] </td> <td>The existence of this king is very doubtful.<sup id="cite_ref-kemp233_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kemp233-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Fish_pharaoh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish pharaoh">Fish</a>]<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Only known from artifacts that bear his mark. He most likely never existed.<sup id="cite_ref-kemp233_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kemp233-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen-abu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pen-abu.png/100px-Pen-abu.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pen-abu.png/150px-Pen-abu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Pen-abu.png 2x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a>]<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>More than likely never existed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a>]<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Most likely never existed.<sup id="cite_ref-kemp233_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kemp233-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a>] </td> <td>Most likely never existed.<sup id="cite_ref-kemp233_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kemp233-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a>] </td> <td>First ruler of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>. </td> <td>c. 3280 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predynastic_rulers:_Dynasty_0">Predynastic rulers: Dynasty 0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Predynastic rulers: Dynasty 0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_0" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty 0">Dynasty 0</a></div> <p>Since these kings precede the First Dynasty, they have been informally grouped as "Dynasty 0". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Crocodile appears to be a Lower Egypt pharaoh, and Iry-Hor, Ka and Scorpion II are Upper Egypt pharaohs. What makes them "Dynasty 0" instead of being placed under the "Lower Egypt" and "Upper Egypt" lists, respectively? Is this an obsolete classification? (November 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The following list of predynastic rulers may be incomplete: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarkhan_crocodile.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tarkhan_crocodile.gif/110px-Tarkhan_crocodile.gif" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tarkhan_crocodile.gif/165px-Tarkhan_crocodile.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tarkhan_crocodile.gif/220px-Tarkhan_crocodile.gif 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a>] </td> <td>Potentially read <i>Shendjw</i>; identity and existence are disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3170 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iry_Hor_name.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Iry_Hor_name.jpg/110px-Iry_Hor_name.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Iry_Hor_name.jpg/165px-Iry_Hor_name.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Iry_Hor_name.jpg/220px-Iry_Hor_name.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1166" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a> </td> <td>Correct chronological position unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">c. 3170 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ka_vessel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ka_vessel.JPG/110px-Ka_vessel.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ka_vessel.JPG/165px-Ka_vessel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ka_vessel.JPG/220px-Ka_vessel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a> </td> <td>Maybe read <i>Sekhen</i> rather than Ka. Correct chronological position unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">c. 3170 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingscorpion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kingscorpion.jpg/110px-Kingscorpion.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kingscorpion.jpg/165px-Kingscorpion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kingscorpion.jpg/220px-Kingscorpion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a>] </td> <td>Potentially read <i>Serqet</i>; possibly the same person as <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">c. 3170 BC</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_Dynastic_Period">Early Dynastic Period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early Dynastic Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Dynastic Period of Egypt">Early Dynastic Period of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a> of Egypt stretches from around 3100 to 2686 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart77_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart77-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Dynasty">First Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="First dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a> ruled from around 3100 to 2890 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png/110px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png/165px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png/220px-NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png 2x" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="1518" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a>? </td> <td>Believed by many scholars to be the same person as <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a>, due to the preponderance of evidence indicating this.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His name is widely attested across <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and has also been found at Nahal Tillah in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, which is much farther afield than his predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>c. 3150 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GlazedFiaenceVesselFragmentNameOfAha-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/GlazedFiaenceVesselFragmentNameOfAha-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/110px-GlazedFiaenceVesselFragmentNameOfAha-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/GlazedFiaenceVesselFragmentNameOfAha-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/165px-GlazedFiaenceVesselFragmentNameOfAha-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/GlazedFiaenceVesselFragmentNameOfAha-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/220px-GlazedFiaenceVesselFragmentNameOfAha-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="1854" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a> </td> <td>Teti </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Athotís</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May also be <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a> although <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> is more likely.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade was largely replaced by direct exploitation of resources via outposts during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_71_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_71-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possibly the son of Narmer. </td> <td>c. 3050 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djer_cylinder_seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Djer_cylinder_seal.png/110px-Djer_cylinder_seal.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Djer_cylinder_seal.png/165px-Djer_cylinder_seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Djer_cylinder_seal.png/220px-Djer_cylinder_seal.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="489" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Iti </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Kénkenes</i>. His tomb was later thought to be the legendary tomb of <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>. First pharaoh with a full <i>Golden Horus</i> name. Interest and trade with <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>'s North Eastern borders appears to have been renewed during <a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a>'s reign.<sup id="cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_71_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_71-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>41 years, c. 3000 BC<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_290.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Egypte_louvre_290.jpg/110px-Egypte_louvre_290.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Egypte_louvre_290.jpg/165px-Egypte_louvre_290.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Egypte_louvre_290.jpg/220px-Egypte_louvre_290.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="788" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Ita </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Ouenephes</i>. Indications show that Djet did not reign for long.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>10 years, c. 2980 BC<sup id="cite_ref-helck_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helck-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merneith_stele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Merneith_stele.jpg/110px-Merneith_stele.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Merneith_stele.jpg/165px-Merneith_stele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Merneith_stele.jpg/220px-Merneith_stele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="2045" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merneith" title="Merneith">Merneith</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Possibly the first female pharaoh of Egypt. She may have ruled as regent for her son Den. Her tomb is notable for being on the same scale as other tombs of other kings of that period. </td> <td>Around 2950 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Den_label.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Den_label.jpg/110px-Den_label.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Den_label.jpg/165px-Den_label.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Den_label.jpg/220px-Den_label.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Sepati </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Ousaphaidos</i>. <a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> to have a <a href="/wiki/Nesut-biti" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesut-biti">Nesut-biti</a>(dual king) name, and is the first <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> attested wearing the double crown (<a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">pschent</a>) of upper and lower <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_75_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_75-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second <a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">sed festival</a> is attested from his reign, indicating he enjoyed a long time in power.<sup id="cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_75_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_75-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a> focused on the northeastern part of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> during his reign, and also led a few small battles in the northeast which are attested on the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>c. 2965 - c. 2923 BC<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anedjib_Closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Anedjib_Closeup.jpg/110px-Anedjib_Closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Anedjib_Closeup.jpg/165px-Anedjib_Closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Anedjib_Closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Adjib</a> </td> <td>Merybiap </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Miebidós</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Known for his ominous <i>nebwy</i>-title.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>9 years, c. 2930 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PotterySherdWithNameOfSemerkhet-PetrieMuseum-August21-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/PotterySherdWithNameOfSemerkhet-PetrieMuseum-August21-08.jpg/110px-PotterySherdWithNameOfSemerkhet-PetrieMuseum-August21-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/PotterySherdWithNameOfSemerkhet-PetrieMuseum-August21-08.jpg/165px-PotterySherdWithNameOfSemerkhet-PetrieMuseum-August21-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/PotterySherdWithNameOfSemerkhet-PetrieMuseum-August21-08.jpg/220px-PotterySherdWithNameOfSemerkhet-PetrieMuseum-August21-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a> </td> <td>Semsu </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Semempsés</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>First Egyptian ruler with a fully developed <a href="/wiki/Nebty_name" title="Nebty name">Nebty name</a>. His complete reign is preserved on the Cairo Stone. Many stone vessels of his predecessor were found reinscribed for Semerkhet so he may have been a usurper.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>8.5 years, c. 2920 BC<sup id="cite_ref-helck_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helck-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CroppedStelaOfQaa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/CroppedStelaOfQaa.JPG/110px-CroppedStelaOfQaa.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/CroppedStelaOfQaa.JPG/165px-CroppedStelaOfQaa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/CroppedStelaOfQaa.JPG/220px-CroppedStelaOfQaa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a> </td> <td>Qebeh </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Bienékhes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Ruled very long, his tomb is the last one with subsidiary tombs. </p> </td> <td>34 years, c. 2916 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sneferka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sneferka.png/110px-Sneferka.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sneferka.png/165px-Sneferka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sneferka.png/220px-Sneferka.png 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1332" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown. </td> <td>c. 2900 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BirdFraegment.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BirdFraegment.png/110px-BirdFraegment.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BirdFraegment.png/165px-BirdFraegment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BirdFraegment.png/220px-BirdFraegment.png 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="599" /></a></span> </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(pharaoh)" title="Horus Bird (pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a>] </td> <td>– </td> <td>Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown. </td> <td>c. 2900 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Dynasty">Second Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Second dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty</a> ruled from 2890 to 2686 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotepsekhemwy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hotepsekhemwy.jpg/110px-Hotepsekhemwy.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hotepsekhemwy.jpg/165px-Hotepsekhemwy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hotepsekhemwy.jpg/220px-Hotepsekhemwy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1979" data-file-height="1886" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Bedjatau </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a> names him <i>Boëthos</i> and reports that under this ruler an <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> killed many people. Hotepsekhemwy broke the tradition of being buried at the Abydos royal cemetery at Umm-el-Qa'ab, where most of the 1st dynasty kings are buried, and chose to be buried at Saqqara instead to be closer to the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>27 years, c. 2890 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nebra_Hotepsekhemwy_vase.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nebra_Hotepsekhemwy_vase.png/110px-Nebra_Hotepsekhemwy_vase.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nebra_Hotepsekhemwy_vase.png/165px-Nebra_Hotepsekhemwy_vase.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nebra_Hotepsekhemwy_vase.png/220px-Nebra_Hotepsekhemwy_vase.png 2x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="296" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Kakau </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Kaíechós</i> (after the Ramesside cartouche name <i>Kakaw</i>). <p>First ruler who uses the sun-symbol in his royal name, could be identical to king <a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg</a>. </p> </td> <td>12 years, c. 2850 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_nynetjer_RMO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Statue_nynetjer_RMO.jpg/110px-Statue_nynetjer_RMO.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Statue_nynetjer_RMO.jpg/165px-Statue_nynetjer_RMO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Statue_nynetjer_RMO.jpg/220px-Statue_nynetjer_RMO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="3986" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banetjer </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Binóthris</i>. <p>May have divided <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> between his successors, allegedly allowed women to rule like pharaohs. </p> </td> <td>c. 2775 - c. 2730 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigil_of_Pharaoh_Hor-Ba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sigil_of_Pharaoh_Hor-Ba.png/110px-Sigil_of_Pharaoh_Hor-Ba.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sigil_of_Pharaoh_Hor-Ba.png/164px-Sigil_of_Pharaoh_Hor-Ba.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sigil_of_Pharaoh_Hor-Ba.png/219px-Sigil_of_Pharaoh_Hor-Ba.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="959" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>May have been an independent ruler succeeding Nynetjer. Alternatively, he may have ruled in the 1st or 3rd dynasties or be the same person as <a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(pharaoh)" title="Horus Bird (pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a>. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weneg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Weneg.png/110px-Weneg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Weneg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="385" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Ougotlas / Tlás</i>. <p>Could be an independent ruler succeeding Nynetjer or the same as Peribsen, <a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a>, or Raneb. </p> </td> <td>Around 2740 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_02-04_n12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abydos_KL_02-04_n12.jpg/110px-Abydos_KL_02-04_n12.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abydos_KL_02-04_n12.jpg/165px-Abydos_KL_02-04_n12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abydos_KL_02-04_n12.jpg/220px-Abydos_KL_02-04_n12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="521" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a> </td> <td>Wadjenes </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Tlas</i> <p>May have been a misinterpretation of the hieroglyphic sign of a flower called Weneg. May have been a crown prince or be the same person as <a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a>. </p> </td> <td>Around 2740 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nubnefer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nubnefer.png/110px-Nubnefer.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nubnefer.png/165px-Nubnefer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nubnefer.png/220px-Nubnefer.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="440" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>May have been the birth name of Nebra. May either be the successor of Wadjenes or Nynetjer. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_02-05_n13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abydos_KL_02-05_n13.jpg/110px-Abydos_KL_02-05_n13.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abydos_KL_02-05_n13.jpg/165px-Abydos_KL_02-05_n13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abydos_KL_02-05_n13.jpg/220px-Abydos_KL_02-05_n13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Sethenes</i>. <p>Possibly the same person as <a href="/wiki/Peribsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Peribsen">Peribsen</a>. This, however, is highly disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>47 years (supposedly) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peribsen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Peribsen.jpg/110px-Peribsen.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Peribsen.jpg/165px-Peribsen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Peribsen.jpg/220px-Peribsen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2553" data-file-height="2002" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a> </td> <td>Peribsen </td> <td>Used a Seth-animal above his serekh rather than a Horus falcon. He promoted the sun-cult in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and reduced the powers of officials, nomarchs and palatines. Some scholars believe that he ruled over a divided <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>c. 2740 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CalciteVesselFragmentNameOfSekhemibPerenmmat-BritishMuseum-August21-08_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CalciteVesselFragmentNameOfSekhemibPerenmmat-BritishMuseum-August21-08_retouched.jpg/110px-CalciteVesselFragmentNameOfSekhemibPerenmmat-BritishMuseum-August21-08_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CalciteVesselFragmentNameOfSekhemibPerenmmat-BritishMuseum-August21-08_retouched.jpg/165px-CalciteVesselFragmentNameOfSekhemibPerenmmat-BritishMuseum-August21-08_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CalciteVesselFragmentNameOfSekhemibPerenmmat-BritishMuseum-August21-08_retouched.jpg/220px-CalciteVesselFragmentNameOfSekhemibPerenmmat-BritishMuseum-August21-08_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a> </td> <td>Could be the same person as Seth-Peribsen.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Around 2720 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_03-05_n19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Abydos_KL_03-05_n19.jpg/110px-Abydos_KL_03-05_n19.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Abydos_KL_03-05_n19.jpg/165px-Abydos_KL_03-05_n19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Abydos_KL_03-05_n19.jpg/220px-Abydos_KL_03-05_n19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="514" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Néphercherés</i>. <p>Known only from Ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested. </p> </td> <td>c. 2740 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferkasokar-inscription.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Neferkasokar-inscription.png/110px-Neferkasokar-inscription.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Neferkasokar-inscription.png/165px-Neferkasokar-inscription.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Neferkasokar-inscription.png/220px-Neferkasokar-inscription.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="245" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"""><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Sesóchris</i>. <p>Known only from Ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested. Old Kingdom legends claim that this ruler saved <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> from a long-lasting drought.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>8 years, c. 2740 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serekh_Horus_Sa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Serekh_Horus_Sa.png/110px-Serekh_Horus_Sa.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Serekh_Horus_Sa.png/165px-Serekh_Horus_Sa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Serekh_Horus_Sa.png/220px-Serekh_Horus_Sa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>May have been a short form of the Horus-name Sanakht. May have been the Horus-name of Weneg or Senedj, correct chronological position unclear. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hudjefasaqqara.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Hudjefasaqqara.png/110px-Hudjefasaqqara.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Hudjefasaqqara.png 1.5x" data-file-width="143" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2">– ("<i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa</a></i>") </td> <td>Known only from Ramesside king lists, his "name" is actually a paraphrase pointing out that the original name of the king was already lost in Ramesside times. </td> <td>11 years (according to the <a href="/wiki/Turin_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin Canon">Turin Canon</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khasekhem_oxford2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Khasekhem_oxford2.jpg/110px-Khasekhem_oxford2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Khasekhem_oxford2.jpg/165px-Khasekhem_oxford2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Khasekhem_oxford2.jpg/220px-Khasekhem_oxford2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Beb(e)ty </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Chenerés</i>. <p>It is probable that when <a href="/wiki/Khasekhem" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasekhem">Khasekhem</a> acceded kingship he was a ruler of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">upper Egypt</a>, he led campaigns against <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">lower Egypt</a> that ended in his victory, to commemorate his achievement of reunifying Egypt he changed his name to Khasekhemwy.<sup id="cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His serekh name is unique for presenting both <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a>. He was one of Egypt's first master builders, his funerary enclosure known as <i>Shunet-ez-Zebib</i> is a colossal mudbrick structure.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>c. 2704 - c. 2686 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Kingdom">Old Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Old Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom of Egypt</a> is the long period of stability and growth following the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a> and preceding the troubled <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="First Intermediate Period">First Intermediate Period</a>. The kingdom spanned from 2686 to 2181 BC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Dynasty">Third Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Third Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Third_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Third dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a> ruled from 2686 to 2613 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djoser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Djoser.jpg/100px-Djoser.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Djoser.jpg/150px-Djoser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Djoser.jpg/200px-Djoser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="2061" /></a></span> </td> <td>Netjerikhet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Hellenized names <i>Sesorthos</i> and <i>Tosórthros</i>. <p>Commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Djoser" title="Pyramid of Djoser">first Pyramid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, created by chief architect and scribe <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a>. </p> </td> <td>c. 2670 - c. 2650 BC<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sekhemkhet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sekhemkhet.png/100px-Sekhemkhet.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sekhemkhet.png/150px-Sekhemkhet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sekhemkhet.png/200px-Sekhemkhet.png 2x" data-file-width="2175" data-file-height="2142" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(Djoser-)Teti </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Tyréis</i> (after the Ramesside cartouche name for Sekhemkhet, <i>Teti</i>). <p>In the necropolis of his unfinished <a href="/wiki/Buried_Pyramid" title="Buried Pyramid">step pyramid</a>, the remains of a 2-year old infant were found.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>c. 2650 - c. 2643 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/100px-ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/150px-ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/200px-ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3426" data-file-height="2514" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a> </td> <td>Nebka? </td> <td>Likely to be identified with the throne name <a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a>; Hellenized names <i>Necherôchis</i> and <i>Necherôphes</i>. May have reigned 6 years if identified with the penultimate king of the Dynasty on the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a>. </td> <td>Around 2650 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qahedjet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Qahedjet.png/110px-Qahedjet.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Qahedjet.png/165px-Qahedjet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Qahedjet.png/220px-Qahedjet.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3140" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Possibly be the same person as <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a> or an archaistic representation of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a>, correct chronological position unknown. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KhabaCloseUp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/KhabaCloseUp.jpg/100px-KhabaCloseUp.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/KhabaCloseUp.jpg/150px-KhabaCloseUp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/KhabaCloseUp.jpg/200px-KhabaCloseUp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="470" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Possibly built an unfinished <a href="/wiki/Layer_Pyramid" title="Layer Pyramid">step pyramid</a>, could be identical with <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a>. </td> <td>2643–2637 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huni-StatueHead_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Huni-StatueHead_BrooklynMuseum.png/100px-Huni-StatueHead_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Huni-StatueHead_BrooklynMuseum.png/150px-Huni-StatueHead_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Huni-StatueHead_BrooklynMuseum.png/200px-Huni-StatueHead_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1628" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Áches</i>. <p>Could be the same as <a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a>. Possibly built an unfinished <a href="/wiki/Layer_Pyramid" title="Layer Pyramid">step pyramid</a> and several cultic pyramids throughout <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Huni was for a long time credited with the building of the pyramid of Meidum. This, however, is disproved by <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> graffiti that praise king <a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Sneferu</a>, not Huni. </p> </td> <td>2637–2613 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Dynasty">Fourth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fourth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty</a> ruled from 2613 to 2496 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snofru_Eg_Mus_Kairo_2002.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Snofru_Eg_Mus_Kairo_2002.png/100px-Snofru_Eg_Mus_Kairo_2002.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Snofru_Eg_Mus_Kairo_2002.png/150px-Snofru_Eg_Mus_Kairo_2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Snofru_Eg_Mus_Kairo_2002.png/200px-Snofru_Eg_Mus_Kairo_2002.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="703" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nebmaat </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Sneferu</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Sóris</i>. <p>Reigned 48 years, giving him enough time to build the <a href="/wiki/Meidum_Pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Meidum Pyramid">Meidum Pyramid</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bent_Pyramid" title="Bent Pyramid">Bent Pyramid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Pyramid" title="Red Pyramid">Red Pyramid</a>. Some scholars believe that he was buried in the Red Pyramid. For a long time it was thought that the <a href="/wiki/Meidum" title="Meidum">Meidum Pyramid</a> was not Sneferu's work, but that of king <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a>. Ancient Egyptian documents describe Sneferu as a pious, generous and even accostable ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>2613–2589 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kairo_Museum_Statuette_Cheops_03_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kairo_Museum_Statuette_Cheops_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Kairo_Museum_Statuette_Cheops_03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kairo_Museum_Statuette_Cheops_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Kairo_Museum_Statuette_Cheops_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kairo_Museum_Statuette_Cheops_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Kairo_Museum_Statuette_Cheops_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2273" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </td> <td>Medjedu </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khufu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khufu (pharaoh)">(Khnum-) Khufu</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Cheops</i> and <i>Suphis</i>. <p>Built the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a>. Khufu is depicted as a cruel tyrant by ancient Greek authors; Ancient Egyptian sources however describe him as a generous and pious ruler. He is the main protagonist in the <a href="/wiki/Westcar_Papyrus" title="Westcar Papyrus">Westcar Papyrus</a>. The first imprinted papyri originate from Khufu's reign, which may have made ancient Greek authors believe that Khufu wrote books in attempt to praise the gods. </p> </td> <td>2589–2566 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djedefre-head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Djedefre-head.jpg/100px-Djedefre-head.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Djedefre-head.jpg/150px-Djedefre-head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Djedefre-head.jpg/200px-Djedefre-head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="505" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kheper </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Rátoises</i>. <p>Some scholars believe he created the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a> as a monument for his deceased father. He also created a pyramid at <a href="/wiki/Abu_Rawash" title="Abu Rawash">Abu Rawash</a>. However, this pyramid is no longer extant; it is believed the Romans re-purposed the materials from which it was made. </p> </td> <td>2566–2558 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khafre_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Khafre_statue.jpg/100px-Khafre_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Khafre_statue.jpg/150px-Khafre_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Khafre_statue.jpg/200px-Khafre_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> </td> <td>Userib </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Chéphren</i> and <i>Suphis II</i>. <p><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Khafre" title="Pyramid of Khafre">His pyramid</a> is the second largest in <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>. Some scholars prefer him as the creator of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx</a> before Djedefra. His funerary complex was the largest at the Giza plateau. </p> </td> <td>2558–2532 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue-grande-excavation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vue-grande-excavation.jpg/100px-Vue-grande-excavation.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vue-grande-excavation.jpg/150px-Vue-grande-excavation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vue-grande-excavation.jpg/200px-Vue-grande-excavation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4880" data-file-height="3237" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Baka_(prince)" title="Baka (prince)">Baka</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bakare</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Bikheris</i>. <p>Could be the owner of the <a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Northern_Pyramid_of_Zawyet_el%27Aryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan">Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan</a>. Possibly fictional. </p> </td> <td>Around 2570 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MenkauraAndQueen-CloseUpOfKingsFace_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MenkauraAndQueen-CloseUpOfKingsFace_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/100px-MenkauraAndQueen-CloseUpOfKingsFace_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MenkauraAndQueen-CloseUpOfKingsFace_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/150px-MenkauraAndQueen-CloseUpOfKingsFace_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MenkauraAndQueen-CloseUpOfKingsFace_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/200px-MenkauraAndQueen-CloseUpOfKingsFace_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="836" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kakhet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Menchéres</i>. <p>His pyramid is the third and smallest in <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>. A legend claims that his only daughter died due to an illness and Menkaura buried her in a golden coffin in the shape of a cow. </p> </td> <td>2532–2503 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_04-06_n25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abydos_KL_04-06_n25.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_04-06_n25.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abydos_KL_04-06_n25.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_04-06_n25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abydos_KL_04-06_n25.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_04-06_n25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="511" /></a></span> </td> <td>Shepeskhet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a> </td> <td>Greek form: <i>Seberchéres</i>. <p>Owner of the <a href="/wiki/Mastabet_el-Fara%27un" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastabet el-Fara'un">Mastabat el-Fara'un</a>. </p> </td> <td>2503–2498 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td colspan="2">(<a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a>) </td> <td>According to Manetho the last king of the 4th dynasty. He is not archaeologically attested and thus possibly fictional. </td> <td>Around 2500 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Dynasty">Fifth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fifth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a> ruled from 2496 to 2345 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="1-%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_(Cairo)_-_046_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_%28Cairo%29_-_046_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_%28Cairo%29_-_046_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_%28Cairo%29_-_046_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_%28Cairo%29_-_046_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_%28Cairo%29_-_046_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_%28Cairo%29_-_046_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2881" data-file-height="4439" /></a></span> </td> <td>Irimaat </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a> </td> <td>Buried in a <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Userkaf" title="Pyramid of Userkaf">pyramid in Saqqara</a>. Built the first solar temple at <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a>. </td> <td>2496–2491 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_sahura_and_god.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Egypt_sahura_and_god.jpg/100px-Egypt_sahura_and_god.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Egypt_sahura_and_god.jpg/150px-Egypt_sahura_and_god.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Egypt_sahura_and_god.jpg/200px-Egypt_sahura_and_god.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1673" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> </td> <td>Moved the royal necropolis to <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a>, where he built <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Sahure" title="Pyramid of Sahure">his pyramid</a>. </td> <td>2490–2477 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png/100px-Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png/150px-Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="311" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Kakai</a> </td> <td>Son of Sahure, born with the name Ranefer </td> <td>2477–2467 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raneferef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Raneferef.jpg/100px-Raneferef.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Raneferef.jpg/150px-Raneferef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Raneferef.jpg/200px-Raneferef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="462" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Izi</a> </td> <td>Son of Neferirkare </td> <td>2460–2458 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png/100px-Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png/150px-Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png/200px-Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="249" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Netjeruser</a> </td> <td>Reigned most likely after Neferefre and for only a few months, possibly a son of Sahure.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>A few months </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niuserre_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Niuserre_BrooklynMuseum.png/100px-Niuserre_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Niuserre_BrooklynMuseum.png/150px-Niuserre_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Niuserre_BrooklynMuseum.png/200px-Niuserre_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Ini</a> </td> <td>Brother to Neferefre, built extensively in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abusir_necropolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abusir necropolis (page does not exist)">Abusir necropolis</a>. </td> <td>2445–2422 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg/100px-Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg/150px-Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg/200px-Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="595" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Ikau</a> </td> <td>Last pharaoh to build a <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_sun_temple" title="Egyptian sun temple">sun temple</a> </td> <td>2422–2414 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DjedkareIsesi-GoldCylanderSeal_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DjedkareIsesi-GoldCylanderSeal_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/100px-DjedkareIsesi-GoldCylanderSeal_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DjedkareIsesi-GoldCylanderSeal_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/150px-DjedkareIsesi-GoldCylanderSeal_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DjedkareIsesi-GoldCylanderSeal_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/200px-DjedkareIsesi-GoldCylanderSeal_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="885" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Isesi</a> </td> <td>Effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian administration. Enjoyed the longest reign of his dynasty, with likely more than 35 years on the throne. </td> <td>2414–2375 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_unas_of_egypt_being_suckled_by_a_unkown_goddess.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/King_unas_of_egypt_being_suckled_by_a_unkown_goddess.jpg/100px-King_unas_of_egypt_being_suckled_by_a_unkown_goddess.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/King_unas_of_egypt_being_suckled_by_a_unkown_goddess.jpg/150px-King_unas_of_egypt_being_suckled_by_a_unkown_goddess.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/King_unas_of_egypt_being_suckled_by_a_unkown_goddess.jpg/200px-King_unas_of_egypt_being_suckled_by_a_unkown_goddess.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Unas" title="Pyramid of Unas">Pyramid of Unas</a> is inscribed with the earliest instance of the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramid texts">pyramid texts</a>. He also constructed Unas's causeway a 500m long causeway from the bank of the river Nile to his funerary complex, this is where his funerary precession would have taken place. </td> <td>2375–2345 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_Dynasty">Sixth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sixth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sixth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth dynasty of Egypt">Sixth Dynasty</a> ruled from 2345 to 2181 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Teti_Quibell_Saqqara_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Statue_of_Teti_Quibell_Saqqara_1.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Teti_Quibell_Saqqara_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Statue_of_Teti_Quibell_Saqqara_1.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Teti_Quibell_Saqqara_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Statue_of_Teti_Quibell_Saqqara_1.jpg/200px-Statue_of_Teti_Quibell_Saqqara_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="843" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a> </td> <td>According to Manetho, he was murdered. </td> <td>2345–2333 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_06-02_n35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Abydos_KL_06-02_n35.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_06-02_n35.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Abydos_KL_06-02_n35.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_06-02_n35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Abydos_KL_06-02_n35.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_06-02_n35.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a> </td> <td>Reigned one to five years, may have usurped the throne at the expense of <a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a> </td> <td>2333–2332 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kneeling_statue_of_Pepy_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kneeling_statue_of_Pepy_I.jpg/100px-Kneeling_statue_of_Pepy_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kneeling_statue_of_Pepy_I.jpg/150px-Kneeling_statue_of_Pepy_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kneeling_statue_of_Pepy_I.jpg/200px-Kneeling_statue_of_Pepy_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="1437" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Meryre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a> </td> <td>Faced conspiracies and political troubles yet became the most prolific builder of his dynasty </td> <td>2332–2283 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hidden_treasures_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hidden_treasures_09.jpg/100px-Hidden_treasures_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hidden_treasures_09.jpg/150px-Hidden_treasures_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hidden_treasures_09.jpg/200px-Hidden_treasures_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Nemtyemsaf I</a> </td> <td>Reformed the administration of Upper Egypt by decentralization, received the submission of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Nubia" title="Lower Nubia">Lower Nubia</a> </td> <td>2283–2278 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView_BrooklynMuseum.png/100px-AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView_BrooklynMuseum.png/150px-AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView_BrooklynMuseum.png/200px-AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Neferkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a> </td> <td>Possibly the longest-reigning monarch in human history, with 94 years on the throne. Alternatively, may have reigned only 64 years. </td> <td>2278–2183 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a> </td> <td>Reigned during Pepi II; was possibly his son or co-ruler. Possibly writing mistake for "Neferkare" </td> <td>2200–2199 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jequier_False_door_fragment_of_Nemtyemsaf_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jequier_False_door_fragment_of_Nemtyemsaf_II.jpg/92px-Jequier_False_door_fragment_of_Nemtyemsaf_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jequier_False_door_fragment_of_Nemtyemsaf_II.jpg/139px-Jequier_False_door_fragment_of_Nemtyemsaf_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jequier_False_door_fragment_of_Nemtyemsaf_II.jpg/185px-Jequier_False_door_fragment_of_Nemtyemsaf_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Nemtyemsaf II</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Short lived pharaoh, possibly an aged son of Pepi II. </td> <td>1 year and 1 month c. 2183 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-01_n40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Abydos_KL_07-01_n40.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-01_n40.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Abydos_KL_07-01_n40.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-01_n40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Abydos_KL_07-01_n40.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-01_n40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="706" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neitiqerty_Siptah" class="mw-redirect" title="Neitiqerty Siptah">Netjerkare I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neitiqerty_Siptah" class="mw-redirect" title="Neitiqerty Siptah">Neitiqerty Siptah</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nitocris" title="Nitocris">Nitocris</a>)</i> </td> <td>This male king gave rise to the legendary queen <a href="/wiki/Nitocris" title="Nitocris">Nitocris</a> of <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes classified as the first king of the combined 7th/8th Dynasties. </td> <td>Short reign: c. 2182–2179 BC </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Intermediate_Period">First Intermediate Period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: First Intermediate Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="First Intermediate Period">First Intermediate Period</a> (2183–2060 BC) is a period of disarray and chaos between the end of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a> and the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a> rapidly collapsed after the death of <a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a>. He had reigned for more than 64 and likely up to 94 years, longer than any monarch in history. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age. The union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>. </p><p>The kings of the 7th and 8th Dynasties, who represented the successors of the 6th Dynasty, tried to hold onto some power in Memphis but owed much of it to powerful nomarchs. After 20 to 45 years, they were overthrown by a new line of pharaohs based in <a href="/wiki/Herakleopolis_Magna" class="mw-redirect" title="Herakleopolis Magna">Herakleopolis Magna</a>. Some time after these events, a rival line based at <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> revolted against their nominal Northern overlords and united <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>. Around 2055 BC, <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a>, the son and successor of pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a> defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs and reunited the Two Lands, thereby starting the Middle Kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_and_Eighth_Dynasties">Seventh and Eighth Dynasties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Seventh and Eighth Dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Seventh Dynasty of Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Seventh and Eighth Dynasties</a> ruled for approximately 20–45 years. They comprise numerous ephemeral kings reigning from <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> over a possibly divided Egypt and, in any case, holding only limited power owing to the effectively feudal system into which the administration had evolved. The list below is based on the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List" title="Abydos King List">Abydos King List</a> dating to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> and taken from <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">Jürgen von Beckerath</a>'s <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i><sup id="cite_ref-beck_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beck-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as from <a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Kim Ryholt</a>'s latest reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a>, another king list dating to the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Ramesside Era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt2000_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt2000-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Khui.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Khui.png/100px-Khui.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Khui.png/150px-Khui.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Khui.png/200px-Khui.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="729" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Attested to by a relief fragment with the cartouche of Khui from a mastaba in Dara.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Duration unknown, c. 2150 BCE? </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-02_n41.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abydos_KL_07-02_n41.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-02_n41.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abydos_KL_07-02_n41.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-02_n41.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abydos_KL_07-02_n41.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-02_n41.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Likely attested by a relief fragment from the tomb of queen Neit.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Probably short, around 2181 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-03_n42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Abydos_KL_07-03_n42.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-03_n42.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Abydos_KL_07-03_n42.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-03_n42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Abydos_KL_07-03_n42.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-03_n42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-04_n43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Abydos_KL_07-04_n43.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-04_n43.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Abydos_KL_07-04_n43.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-04_n43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Abydos_KL_07-04_n43.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-04_n43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neby</a> </td> <td>Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-05_n44.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Abydos_KL_07-05_n44.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-05_n44.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Abydos_KL_07-05_n44.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-05_n44.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Abydos_KL_07-05_n44.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-05_n44.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-06_n45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Abydos_KL_07-06_n45.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-06_n45.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Abydos_KL_07-06_n45.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-06_n45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Abydos_KL_07-06_n45.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-06_n45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-07_n46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Abydos_KL_07-07_n46.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-07_n46.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Abydos_KL_07-07_n46.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-07_n46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Abydos_KL_07-07_n46.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-07_n46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-08_n47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Abydos_KL_07-08_n47.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-08_n47.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Abydos_KL_07-08_n47.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-08_n47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Abydos_KL_07-08_n47.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-08_n47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin I</a> / Sneferka </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-09_n48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Abydos_KL_07-09_n48.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-09_n48.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Abydos_KL_07-09_n48.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-09_n48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Abydos_KL_07-09_n48.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-09_n48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Possibly attested by a cylinder-seal. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-10_n49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Abydos_KL_07-10_n49.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-10_n49.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Abydos_KL_07-10_n49.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-10_n49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Abydos_KL_07-10_n49.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-10_n49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Tereru</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-11_n50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Abydos_KL_07-11_n50.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-11_n50.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Abydos_KL_07-11_n50.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-11_n50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Abydos_KL_07-11_n50.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-11_n50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Attested by a cylinder seal. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-12_n51.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Abydos_KL_07-12_n51.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-12_n51.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Abydos_KL_07-12_n51.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-12_n51.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Abydos_KL_07-12_n51.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-12_n51.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Pepiseneb</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown to 2171 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-13_n52.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Abydos_KL_07-13_n52.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-13_n52.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Abydos_KL_07-13_n52.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-13_n52.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Abydos_KL_07-13_n52.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-13_n52.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>— </td> <td>Around 2170 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-14_n53.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Abydos_KL_07-14_n53.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-14_n53.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Abydos_KL_07-14_n53.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-14_n53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Abydos_KL_07-14_n53.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-14_n53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Ibi</a> </td> <td>Built a poorly constructed <a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi#Pyramid_complex" title="Qakare Ibi">pyramid</a> at Saqqara inscribed with the last known instance of the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a> </td> <td>2175–2171 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-15_n54.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Abydos_KL_07-15_n54.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-15_n54.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Abydos_KL_07-15_n54.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-15_n54.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Abydos_KL_07-15_n54.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-15_n54.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of <a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a> at <a href="/wiki/Qift" title="Qift">Coptos</a>. </td> <td>2167–2163 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-16_n55.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Abydos_KL_07-16_n55.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-16_n55.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Abydos_KL_07-16_n55.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-16_n55.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Abydos_KL_07-16_n55.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-16_n55.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Khuwihapi</a> </td> <td>Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Shemay" title="Shemay">Shemay</a>. </td> <td>2163–2161 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_07-17_n56.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Abydos_KL_07-17_n56.jpg/100px-Abydos_KL_07-17_n56.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Abydos_KL_07-17_n56.jpg/150px-Abydos_KL_07-17_n56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Abydos_KL_07-17_n56.jpg/200px-Abydos_KL_07-17_n56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Pepi</a> </td> <td>Possibly to be identified with horus Demedjibtawy, in which case he is attested by a decree from the temple of Min. </td> <td>2161–2160 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ninth_Dynasty">Ninth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ninth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Ninth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ninth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth dynasty of Egypt">Ninth Dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_Egypt_dot_org_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient_Egypt_dot_org-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ruled from 2160 to 2130 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin King List</a> has 18 kings reigning in the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties. Of these, twelve names are missing and four are partial.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_Egypt_dot_org_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient_Egypt_dot_org-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th> </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_246_panier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Egypte_louvre_246_panier.jpg/100px-Egypte_louvre_246_panier.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Egypte_louvre_246_panier.jpg/150px-Egypte_louvre_246_panier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Egypte_louvre_246_panier.jpg/200px-Egypte_louvre_246_panier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Khety I</a> (<i>Acthoes I</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a> states that <i>Achthoes</i> founded this dynasty. </td> <td>2160 BC–unknown<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nebkaure_Khety_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nebkaure_Khety_Petrie.png/100px-Nebkaure_Khety_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nebkaure_Khety_Petrie.png/150px-Nebkaure_Khety_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nebkaure_Khety_Petrie.png/200px-Nebkaure_Khety_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="343" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Khety II</a> (<i>Acthoes II</i>) </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Senenh— or <a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Mery— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Shed— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>H— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>User(?)[...] </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imhotep_pharaoh_cartouche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Imhotep_pharaoh_cartouche.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Ephemeral ruler of the Ninth Dynasty. Only known from two rock inscriptions in the Wadi Hammamat.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Correct chronological position unknown. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenth_Dynasty">Tenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">Tenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenth dynasty of Egypt">Tenth Dynasty</a> was a local group that held sway over <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a> and ruled from 2130 to 2040 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th> </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffito_Meryhathor_Djehutynakht_Hatnub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Graffito_Meryhathor_Djehutynakht_Hatnub.jpg/100px-Graffito_Meryhathor_Djehutynakht_Hatnub.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Graffito_Meryhathor_Djehutynakht_Hatnub.jpg/150px-Graffito_Meryhathor_Djehutynakht_Hatnub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Graffito_Meryhathor_Djehutynakht_Hatnub.jpg/200px-Graffito_Meryhathor_Djehutynakht_Hatnub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="588" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>2130 BC–unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Between 2130 and 2040 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffin_Nefri_Wahkare_Lacau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coffin_Nefri_Wahkare_Lacau.jpg/100px-Coffin_Nefri_Wahkare_Lacau.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coffin_Nefri_Wahkare_Lacau.jpg/150px-Coffin_Nefri_Wahkare_Lacau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coffin_Nefri_Wahkare_Lacau.jpg/200px-Coffin_Nefri_Wahkare_Lacau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="1132" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Khety III</a> (<i>Acthoes III</i>) </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Anpuemhat_Quibell.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stele_Anpuemhat_Quibell.png/100px-Stele_Anpuemhat_Quibell.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stele_Anpuemhat_Quibell.png/150px-Stele_Anpuemhat_Quibell.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stele_Anpuemhat_Quibell.png/200px-Stele_Anpuemhat_Quibell.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="622" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merykare" class="mw-redirect" title="Merykare">Merykare</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown–2040 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Few months </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eleventh_Dynasty">Eleventh Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Eleventh Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleventh dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a> originated from a group of Theban nomarchs serving kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty with roots in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Intef_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Prince_Intef_Petrie.png/100px-Prince_Intef_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Prince_Intef_Petrie.png/150px-Prince_Intef_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Prince_Intef_Petrie.png/200px-Prince_Intef_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="498" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intef_the_Elder" title="Intef the Elder">Intef the Elder</a> </td> <td>Theban nomarch (<a href="/wiki/Iry-pat" title="Iry-pat">Iry-pat</a>) serving an unnamed king, later considered a founding figure of the 11th Dynasty. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The successors of <a href="/wiki/Intef_the_Elder" title="Intef the Elder">Intef the Elder</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a>, became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Mentuhotep-aa_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Statue_Mentuhotep-aa_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Statue_Mentuhotep-aa_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Statue_Mentuhotep-aa_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Statue_Mentuhotep-aa_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Statue_Mentuhotep-aa_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Statue_Mentuhotep-aa_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="631" /></a></span> </td> <td>Tepia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a> </td> <td>Nominally a Theban nomarch (Tepy-a) but may have ruled independently. </td> <td>Unknown – 2133 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intef_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Intef_I.jpg/100px-Intef_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Intef_I.jpg/150px-Intef_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Intef_I.jpg/200px-Intef_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="944" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sehertawy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a> </td> <td>First member of the dynasty to claim a Horus name. </td> <td>2133–2117 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Funerary_stele_of_Intef_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Funerary_stele_of_Intef_II.jpg/100px-Funerary_stele_of_Intef_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Funerary_stele_of_Intef_II.jpg/150px-Funerary_stele_of_Intef_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Funerary_stele_of_Intef_II.jpg/200px-Funerary_stele_of_Intef_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td>Wahankh </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a> </td> <td>Conquered <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a> and its nome. </td> <td>2117–2068 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silsileh_close_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Silsileh_close_up.jpg/100px-Silsileh_close_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Silsileh_close_up.jpg/150px-Silsileh_close_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Silsileh_close_up.jpg/200px-Silsileh_close_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nakhtnebtepnefer </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a> </td> <td>Conquered <a href="/wiki/Asyut" title="Asyut">Asyut</a> and possibly moved further North up to the 17th nome.<sup id="cite_ref-encycloBunson_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encycloBunson-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2068–2060 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Kingdom">Middle Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Middle Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom of Egypt</a> (2040–1802 BC) is the period from the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="First Intermediate Period">First Intermediate Period</a> to the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Intermediate Period">Second Intermediate Period</a>. In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelfth dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a>, some scholars include the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleventh dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasties</a> in the Middle Kingdom. </p><p>The Middle Kingdom can be noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eleventh_Dynasty_cont.">Eleventh Dynasty cont.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Eleventh Dynasty cont."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second part of the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleventh dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a> is usually considered to be the beginning of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="20%">Personal name </th> <th width="45%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Montuhotep_from_Deir_al-Bahri,_11th_Dynasty,_2065-2014_BCE;_Egyptian_Museum,_Cairo_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Statue_of_Montuhotep_from_Deir_al-Bahri%2C_11th_Dynasty%2C_2065-2014_BCE%3B_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Cairo_%283%29.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Montuhotep_from_Deir_al-Bahri%2C_11th_Dynasty%2C_2065-2014_BCE%3B_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Cairo_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Statue_of_Montuhotep_from_Deir_al-Bahri%2C_11th_Dynasty%2C_2065-2014_BCE%3B_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Cairo_%283%29.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Montuhotep_from_Deir_al-Bahri%2C_11th_Dynasty%2C_2065-2014_BCE%3B_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Cairo_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Statue_of_Montuhotep_from_Deir_al-Bahri%2C_11th_Dynasty%2C_2065-2014_BCE%3B_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Cairo_%283%29.jpg/200px-Statue_of_Montuhotep_from_Deir_al-Bahri%2C_11th_Dynasty%2C_2065-2014_BCE%3B_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Cairo_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nebhepetre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Mentuhotep II regained all <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> c. 2015 BC, Middle Kingdom begins, becomes first pharaoh of Middle Kingdom. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>2060–2040 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(King of Upper Egypt only)</small></li> <li>2040–2009 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(King of Upper and Lower Egypt)</small></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mentuhotep-OsirideStatue-CloseUp_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mentuhotep-OsirideStatue-CloseUp_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/100px-Mentuhotep-OsirideStatue-CloseUp_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mentuhotep-OsirideStatue-CloseUp_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/150px-Mentuhotep-OsirideStatue-CloseUp_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mentuhotep-OsirideStatue-CloseUp_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/200px-Mentuhotep-OsirideStatue-CloseUp_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1981" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sankhkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Commanded the first expedition to <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Punt</a> of the Middle Kingdom </td> <td>2009–1997 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Mentuhotep_IV_Lepsius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Relief_Mentuhotep_IV_Lepsius.jpg/100px-Relief_Mentuhotep_IV_Lepsius.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Relief_Mentuhotep_IV_Lepsius.jpg/150px-Relief_Mentuhotep_IV_Lepsius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Relief_Mentuhotep_IV_Lepsius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="297" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nebtawyre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. May have been overthrown by his vizier and successor <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a>. </td> <td>1997–1991 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Enigmatic kings, only attested in Lower Nubia: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="20%">Personal name </th> <th width="45%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_Segerseni_Gauthier.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Inscription_Segerseni_Gauthier.png/100px-Inscription_Segerseni_Gauthier.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Inscription_Segerseni_Gauthier.png/150px-Inscription_Segerseni_Gauthier.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Inscription_Segerseni_Gauthier.png/200px-Inscription_Segerseni_Gauthier.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </td> <td>Menkhkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Nubia" title="Lower Nubia">Lower Nubia</a>, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty. </td> <td>Early 20th century BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_Qakare_Ini.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inscription_Qakare_Ini.png/100px-Inscription_Qakare_Ini.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inscription_Qakare_Ini.png/150px-Inscription_Qakare_Ini.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inscription_Qakare_Ini.png/200px-Inscription_Qakare_Ini.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Ini</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Nubia" title="Lower Nubia">Lower Nubia</a>, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty. </td> <td>Early 20th century BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_Iyibkhentre_Gauthier_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inscription_Iyibkhentre_Gauthier_02.jpg/100px-Inscription_Iyibkhentre_Gauthier_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inscription_Iyibkhentre_Gauthier_02.jpg/150px-Inscription_Iyibkhentre_Gauthier_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Inscription_Iyibkhentre_Gauthier_02.jpg/200px-Inscription_Iyibkhentre_Gauthier_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="508" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Geregtaw(y)ef </td> <td>Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Nubia" title="Lower Nubia">Lower Nubia</a>, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty. </td> <td>Early 20th century BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twelfth_Dynasty">Twelfth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Twelfth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelfth dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a> ruled from 1991 to 1802 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lintel_of_Amenemhat_I_and_Deities_MET_DP322055.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lintel_of_Amenemhat_I_and_Deities_MET_DP322055.jpg/100px-Lintel_of_Amenemhat_I_and_Deities_MET_DP322055.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lintel_of_Amenemhat_I_and_Deities_MET_DP322055.jpg/150px-Lintel_of_Amenemhat_I_and_Deities_MET_DP322055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lintel_of_Amenemhat_I_and_Deities_MET_DP322055.jpg/200px-Lintel_of_Amenemhat_I_and_Deities_MET_DP322055.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2908" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sehetepibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Ammanemes I</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a> was not from a royal family, and built the first substantial <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Amenemhat_I" title="Pyramid of Amenemhat I">pyramid</a> since <a href="/wiki/Pepi_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepi II">Pepi II</a> at Lisht.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He restored order in Egypt, and then built a new capital called <a href="/wiki/Itjtawy" title="Itjtawy">Itjtawy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a> was probably assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1991–1962 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Statue_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg/100px-Statue_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Statue_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg/150px-Statue_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Statue_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg/200px-Statue_Senusret_I_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="1209" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kheperkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Sesonchosis</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a> built extensively in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">upper Egypt</a>, including the temple of <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senusret I claimed to have sent 17,000 people into the Wadi Hammamat to bring back stone for 150 statues and 60 sphinxes.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also constructed a <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Senusret_I" title="Pyramid of Senusret I">pyramid</a> at Lisht near his fathers <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Amenemhat_I" title="Pyramid of Amenemhat I">pyramid</a>. </td> <td>1971–1926 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Sphinx_of_Tanis_Closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Great_Sphinx_of_Tanis_Closeup.jpg/100px-Great_Sphinx_of_Tanis_Closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Great_Sphinx_of_Tanis_Closeup.jpg/150px-Great_Sphinx_of_Tanis_Closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Great_Sphinx_of_Tanis_Closeup.jpg/200px-Great_Sphinx_of_Tanis_Closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8215" data-file-height="5477" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nubkaure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Ammenemes II</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a> recorded his reign in now fragmented annals.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptian navy may have attacked Cyprus during his campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_109_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_109-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amenemhat II also built a <a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">pyramid</a> at Dashur. Ruled for at least 35 years. </td> <td>1929–1895 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Senusret_II_Lille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Statue_Senusret_II_Lille.jpg/100px-Statue_Senusret_II_Lille.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Statue_Senusret_II_Lille.jpg/150px-Statue_Senusret_II_Lille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Statue_Senusret_II_Lille.jpg/200px-Statue_Senusret_II_Lille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="1905" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khakheperre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<i>No name given by <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a></i>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Senusret II developed the Fayyum as a major agricultural resource during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also built a <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Senusret_II" title="Pyramid of Senusret II">pyramid</a> at Lahun. </td> <td>1897–1878 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart81_31-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sesostris_III_Sphinxkopf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sesostris_III_Sphinxkopf.jpg/100px-Sesostris_III_Sphinxkopf.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sesostris_III_Sphinxkopf.jpg/150px-Sesostris_III_Sphinxkopf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sesostris_III_Sphinxkopf.jpg/200px-Sesostris_III_Sphinxkopf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2257" data-file-height="1993" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khakaure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Sesostris</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a> got rid of <a href="/wiki/Nomarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomarchs">nomarchs</a> and made 3 administrative districts.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also led campaigns into Lower <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> in his 8th, 10th, 16th, and 18th regnal years.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_109_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_109-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senusret III also built his own <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Senusret_III" title="Pyramid of Senusret III">pyramid</a> at Dashur and was the most powerful and influential pharaoh of the 12th dynasty. </td> <td>1878–1839 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenemhet_III,_basalto,_seconda_met%C3%A0_del_XIX_sec._ac._02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Amenemhet_III%2C_basalto%2C_seconda_met%C3%A0_del_XIX_sec._ac._02.JPG/100px-Amenemhet_III%2C_basalto%2C_seconda_met%C3%A0_del_XIX_sec._ac._02.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Amenemhet_III%2C_basalto%2C_seconda_met%C3%A0_del_XIX_sec._ac._02.JPG/150px-Amenemhet_III%2C_basalto%2C_seconda_met%C3%A0_del_XIX_sec._ac._02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Amenemhet_III%2C_basalto%2C_seconda_met%C3%A0_del_XIX_sec._ac._02.JPG/200px-Amenemhet_III%2C_basalto%2C_seconda_met%C3%A0_del_XIX_sec._ac._02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nimaatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Lamares</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a> further developed the <a href="/wiki/Fayyum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayyum">Fayyum</a> as an agricultural region.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also constructed a large mortuary complex at Hawara including his <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Amenemhat_III_(Dahshur)" title="Pyramid of Amenemhat III (Dahshur)">pyramid</a>, the mortuary complex was probably the labyrinth that inspired the ancient Greek authors.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1860–1814 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmmenemesIV(Front)-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/AmmenemesIV%28Front%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/100px-AmmenemesIV%28Front%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/AmmenemesIV%28Front%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/150px-AmmenemesIV%28Front%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/AmmenemesIV%28Front%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/200px-AmmenemesIV%28Front%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2286" /></a></span> </td> <td>Maakherure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Ammenemes</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Had a co-regency lasting at least 1 year based on an inscription at Konosso. </td> <td>1816–1807 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Sobekneferu_(Berlin_Egyptian_Museum_14475).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Statue_of_Sobekneferu_%28Berlin_Egyptian_Museum_14475%29.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Sobekneferu_%28Berlin_Egyptian_Museum_14475%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Statue_of_Sobekneferu_%28Berlin_Egyptian_Museum_14475%29.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Sobekneferu_%28Berlin_Egyptian_Museum_14475%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Statue_of_Sobekneferu_%28Berlin_Egyptian_Museum_14475%29.jpg/200px-Statue_of_Sobekneferu_%28Berlin_Egyptian_Museum_14475%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sobekkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Skemiophris</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The first known archeologically attested female Pharaoh. </td> <td>1807–1802 BC </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The position of a possible additional ruler, <a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a>, is uncertain. He may be an ephemeral king, or a name variant of a king of the 12th or 13th Dynasty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Intermediate_Period">Second Intermediate Period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Second Intermediate Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Intermediate Period">Second Intermediate Period</a> (1802–1550 BC) is a period of disarray between the end of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a>, and the start of the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>. It is best known as when the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a>, whose reign comprised the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty</a>, made their appearance in Egypt. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty</a> was much weaker than the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelfth dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a>, and was unable to hold onto the two lands of Egypt. Either at the start of the dynasty, c. 1805 BC or toward the middle of it in c. 1710 BC, the provincial ruling family in <a href="/wiki/Xois" class="mw-redirect" title="Xois">Xois</a>, located in the marshes of the eastern Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Canaanite <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty</a>. </p><p>The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a>, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a> (the modern <a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Dab%27a" title="Tell el-Dab'a">Tell el-Dab'a</a>/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. Sometime around 1650 BC the Hyksos, perhaps led by <a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a> the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, conquered <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>, thereby terminating the 13th dynasty. The power vacuum in Upper Egypt resulting from the collapse of the 13th dynasty allowed the 16th dynasty to declare its independence in <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, only to be overrun by the Hyksos kings shortly thereafter. </p><p>Subsequently, as the Hyksos withdrew from Upper Egypt, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes set itself up as the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth Dynasty</a>. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under <a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a> and finally <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose</a>, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thirteenth_Dynasty">Thirteenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Thirteenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty</a> (following the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin King List</a>) ruled from 1802 to around 1649 BC and lasted 153 or 154 years according to Manetho. </p><p>This table should be contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt#Known" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt">Known kings of the 13th Dynasty</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="20%">Personal name </th> <th width="45%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sekhemrekhutawy_Sobekhotep_Amenemhat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sekhemrekhutawy_Sobekhotep_Amenemhat.jpg/100px-Sekhemrekhutawy_Sobekhotep_Amenemhat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sekhemrekhutawy_Sobekhotep_Amenemhat.jpg/150px-Sekhemrekhutawy_Sobekhotep_Amenemhat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sekhemrekhutawy_Sobekhotep_Amenemhat.jpg/200px-Sekhemrekhutawy_Sobekhotep_Amenemhat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1170" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemre Khutawy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sobekhotep I</a> </td> <td>Founded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is well attested. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies </td> <td>1802–1800 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png/100px-AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png/150px-AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png/200px-AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </td> <td>Mehibtawy Sekhemkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Amenemhat Sonbef</a> </td> <td>Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1800–1796 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_of_Nerikare.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_of_Nerikare.png/100px-Stele_of_Nerikare.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_of_Nerikare.png/150px-Stele_of_Nerikare.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_of_Nerikare.png/200px-Stele_of_Nerikare.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="208" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a> </td> <td>Sobek[...] </td> <td>Attested on a Nile record from <a href="/wiki/Semna_(Nubia)" title="Semna (Nubia)">Semna</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>1796 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenemhat_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Amenemhat_V.jpg/100px-Amenemhat_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Amenemhat_V.jpg/150px-Amenemhat_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Amenemhat_V.jpg/200px-Amenemhat_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="1009" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare</a> </td> <td>Amenemhat V </td> <td>Ruled for 3 to 4 years<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1796–1793 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a> </td> <td>Buried in <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Ameny_Qemau" title="Pyramid of Ameny Qemau">his pyramid</a> in south <a href="/wiki/Dashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashur">Dashur</a> </td> <td>1795–1792 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hetep-ib-Re-mace.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hetep-ib-Re-mace.png/100px-Hetep-ib-Re-mace.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hetep-ib-Re-mace.png/150px-Hetep-ib-Re-mace.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hetep-ib-Re-mace.png/200px-Hetep-ib-Re-mace.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a> </td> <td>Qemau Siharnedjheritef </td> <td>Also called Sehotepibre </td> <td>1792–1790 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a> </td> <td>Only attested on the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Very short reign, possibly c. 1790–1788 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg/100px-Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg/150px-Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg/200px-Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="476" /></a></span> </td> <td>Seankhibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Amenemhat VI</a> </td> <td>Attested on the <a href="/wiki/Turin_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin Canon">Turin Canon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>1788–1785 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="848" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Nebnuni</a> </td> <td>Attested on the <a href="/wiki/Turin_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin Canon">Turin Canon</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>1785–1783 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1739 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Schneider_2002-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1171" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sewesekhtawy</a> </td> <td>Attested on the <a href="/wiki/Turin_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin Canon">Turin Canon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>1783–1781 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare I</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Known only from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>1781 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Known only from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>7 months, 1780 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1736 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Schneider_2002-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_mural,_LP_1676_(032007_40).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg/100px-Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg/150px-Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg/200px-Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Sobekhotep</a> </td> <td>Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies </td> <td>Reigned c. 3 years, 1780–1777 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 months </td> <td>1777 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg/100px-Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg/150px-Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg/200px-Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> </td> <td>Awybre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a> </td> <td>Famous for his intact tomb treasure and <a href="/wiki/File:Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg" title="File:Ka Statue of horawibra.jpg">Ka statue</a> </td> <td>Reigned 1 year and 6 months, 1777–1775 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khabaw2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khabaw2.png/100px-Khabaw2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khabaw2.png/150px-Khabaw2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khabaw2.png/200px-Khabaw2.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="246" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Possibly a son of Hor Awibre </td> <td>Estimated reign 3 years, 1775–1772 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OsirisBed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OsirisBed.jpg/100px-OsirisBed.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OsirisBed.jpg/150px-OsirisBed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OsirisBed.jpg/200px-OsirisBed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="1903" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with <a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a> </td> <td>Estimated reign 2 years, 1772–1770 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kay_Amenemhat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kay_Amenemhat.jpg/100px-Kay_Amenemhat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kay_Amenemhat.jpg/150px-Kay_Amenemhat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kay_Amenemhat.jpg/200px-Kay_Amenemhat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="1458" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a> </td> <td>Possibly two kings, Seb and his son Kay.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg/100px-Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg/150px-Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg/200px-Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a> </td> <td>Kay Amenemhat </td> <td>A well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents. </td> <td>5 to 7 years or 3 years, 1769–1766 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wegaf_Rubensohn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wegaf_Rubensohn.png/100px-Wegaf_Rubensohn.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wegaf_Rubensohn.png/150px-Wegaf_Rubensohn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wegaf_Rubensohn.png/200px-Wegaf_Rubensohn.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="317" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khutawyre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a> </td> <td>Founder of the dynasty in old studies </td> <td>Around 1767 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khendjer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Khendjer.jpg/100px-Khendjer.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Khendjer.jpg/150px-Khendjer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Khendjer.jpg/200px-Khendjer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="529" /></a></span> </td> <td>Userkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a> </td> <td>Possibly the first <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> pharaoh, built a <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Khendjer" title="Pyramid of Khendjer">pyramid at Saqqara</a> </td> <td>Minimum 4 years and 3 months c. 1765 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/99px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/149px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/199px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="4417" /></a></span> </td> <td>Smenkhkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a> </td> <td>Attested by two colossal statues </td> <td>Reigned less than 10 years, starting 1759 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1711 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png/100px-Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png/150px-Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="294" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Intef IV</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Less than 10 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png/100px-Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png/150px-Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png/200px-Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="844" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Meribre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Reign ended 1749 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png/100px-SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png/150px-SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png/200px-SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1915" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemresewadjtawy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a> </td> <td>4 years and 2 months </td> <td>1755–1751 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferhotep_I_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Neferhotep_I_2.jpg/100px-Neferhotep_I_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Neferhotep_I_2.jpg/150px-Neferhotep_I_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Neferhotep_I_2.jpg/200px-Neferhotep_I_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="1346" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khasekhemre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a> </td> <td>11 years </td> <td>1751–1740 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turiner2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Turiner2.png/100px-Turiner2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Turiner2.png/150px-Turiner2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Turiner2.png/200px-Turiner2.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="414" /></a></span> </td> <td>Menwadjre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a> </td> <td>Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I, may not have reigned independently. </td> <td>1739 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Sobekhotep_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Statue_of_Sobekhotep_IV.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Sobekhotep_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Statue_of_Sobekhotep_IV.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Sobekhotep_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Statue_of_Sobekhotep_IV.jpg/200px-Statue_of_Sobekhotep_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="978" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khaneferre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a> </td> <td>10 or 11 years </td> <td>1740–1730 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg/200px-Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Sobekhotep</a> V </td> <td>— </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1730 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png/100px-KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png/150px-KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png/200px-KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khahotepre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khahotepre_Sobekhotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Khahotepre Sobekhotep">Sobekhotep VI</a> </td> <td>4 years 8 months and 29 days </td> <td>Around 1725 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_of_King_Ia-ib_LACMA_M.86.313.10_(2_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Scarab_of_King_Ia-ib_LACMA_M.86.313.10_%282_of_2%29.jpg/100px-Scarab_of_King_Ia-ib_LACMA_M.86.313.10_%282_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Scarab_of_King_Ia-ib_LACMA_M.86.313.10_%282_of_2%29.jpg/150px-Scarab_of_King_Ia-ib_LACMA_M.86.313.10_%282_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Scarab_of_King_Ia-ib_LACMA_M.86.313.10_%282_of_2%29.jpg/200px-Scarab_of_King_Ia-ib_LACMA_M.86.313.10_%282_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Ibiau</a> </td> <td>10 years and 8 months </td> <td>1725–1714 BC or 1712–1701 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merneferre_Ay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Merneferre_Ay.jpg/100px-Merneferre_Ay.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Merneferre_Ay.jpg/150px-Merneferre_Ay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Merneferre_Ay.jpg/200px-Merneferre_Ay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Ay I</a> </td> <td>Longest reigning king of the dynasty </td> <td>23 years, 8 months and 18 days, 1701–1677 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1714–1691 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merhotepre_Ini.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Merhotepre_Ini.png/100px-Merhotepre_Ini.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Merhotepre_Ini.png/150px-Merhotepre_Ini.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Merhotepre_Ini.png/200px-Merhotepre_Ini.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Ini</a> </td> <td>Possibly a son of his predecessor </td> <td>2 years, 3 or 4 months and 9 days, 1677–1675 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1691–1689 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sewadjtu</a> </td> <td>Attested only on the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>3 years and 2–4 months, 1675–1672 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferhotep_II_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Neferhotep_II_2.jpg/100px-Neferhotep_II_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Neferhotep_II_2.jpg/150px-Neferhotep_II_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Neferhotep_II_2.jpg/200px-Neferhotep_II_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1382" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Ined</a> </td> <td>May be the same person as Neferhotep II </td> <td>3 years, 1672–1669 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Hori</a> </td> <td>Reigned 5 years </td> <td>5 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png/30px-Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png/45px-Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png/60px-Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="737" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Sobekhotep VII</a> </td> <td>Reigned 2 years and 6 months<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1664–1663 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td rowspan="7">Seven kings </td> <td rowspan="7">Names lost in a lacuna of the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="7">1663 BC –?<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i>Name lost</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Mer[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkheperre_Scarab.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Merkheperre_Scarab.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="127" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Attested only on the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png/100px-Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png/150px-Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="376" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Mentuhotep V</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Around 1655 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[...]mosre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Ibi [...]maatre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Hor[...] [...]webenre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Se...kare </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sankhptahi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sankhptahi.jpg/100px-Sankhptahi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sankhptahi.jpg/150px-Sankhptahi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sankhptahi.jpg/200px-Sankhptahi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="1464" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Sankhptahi</a> </td> <td>May be the son of his predecessor </td> <td>Between 1663 and 1649 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>...re </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Se...enre </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Unknown – 1649 BC<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The position of the following kings is uncertain: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png/100px-Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png/150px-Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png/200px-Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="783" /></a></span> </td> <td>Djedhotepre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a> </td> <td>Possibly a king of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">16th dynasty</a> </td> <td>Around 1654 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djedneferre_Dedumose.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Djedneferre_Dedumose.png/100px-Djedneferre_Dedumose.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Djedneferre_Dedumose.png/150px-Djedneferre_Dedumose.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Djedneferre_Dedumose.png/200px-Djedneferre_Dedumose.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="554" /></a></span> </td> <td>Djedneferre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a> </td> <td>Possibly a king of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">16th dynasty</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_(IX).webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp/100px-Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp/150px-Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp/200px-Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td>Maare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sobekhotep IX</a> </td> <td>Late 13th dynasty. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senebmiu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senebmiu.png/100px-Senebmiu.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senebmiu.png/150px-Senebmiu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senebmiu.png/200px-Senebmiu.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="316" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Senebmiu</a> </td> <td>Late 13th dynasty. </td> <td>After 1660 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg/100px-Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg/150px-Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg/200px-Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="4332" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Ini II</a> </td> <td>Late 13th dynasty. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snaaib.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Snaaib.jpg/100px-Snaaib.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Snaaib.jpg/150px-Snaaib.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Snaaib.jpg/200px-Snaaib.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span> </td> <td>Menkhaure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a> </td> <td>Possibly a king of the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourteenth_Dynasty">Fourteenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Fourteenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty</a> was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that ruled from either 1805 BC or around 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. </p><p>Some of the contested rulers of the 14th Dynasty (proposed by Kim Ryholt) are commonly identified by Egyptologists as being of Canaanite (Semitic) descent, owing to the distinct origins of the names of some of their kings and princes. However, the dynasty rulers are not referred to as Hyksos in the Turin kings list.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is here given according to Ryholt; however, this reconstruction of the dynasty is heavily debated with the position of the five kings preceding Nehesy highly disputed. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Sekhaenre_EA30511_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Scarab_Sekhaenre_EA30511_Hall.jpg/100px-Scarab_Sekhaenre_EA30511_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Scarab_Sekhaenre_EA30511_Hall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="154" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Sekhaenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim</a> </td> <td>Chronological position uncertain, here given according to Ryholt<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1805–1780 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Nubwoserre_UC16597.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Scarab_Nubwoserre_UC16597.jpg/100px-Scarab_Nubwoserre_UC16597.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Scarab_Nubwoserre_UC16597.jpg/150px-Scarab_Nubwoserre_UC16597.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Scarab_Nubwoserre_UC16597.jpg/200px-Scarab_Nubwoserre_UC16597.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="465" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Nubwoserre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu</a> </td> <td>Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1780–1770 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QarehScarabPetrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/QarehScarabPetrie.png/100px-QarehScarabPetrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/QarehScarabPetrie.png/150px-QarehScarabPetrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/QarehScarabPetrie.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="151" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Khawoserre</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh</a> </td> <td>Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1770–1760 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AahotepreScarabPetrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/AahotepreScarabPetrie.png/100px-AahotepreScarabPetrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/AahotepreScarabPetrie.png 1.5x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="166" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">Aahotepre</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu</a> </td> <td>Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1760–1745 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/100px-Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/150px-Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/200px-Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td>Maaibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Sheshi</a><sup id="cite_ref-digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given according to Ryholt.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, he could be an early Hyksos king, a Hyksos ruler of the second part of the 15th Dynasty or a vassal of the Hyksos. </td> <td>1745–1705 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aasehra_obelisk_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aasehra_obelisk_Petrie.png/100px-Aasehra_obelisk_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aasehra_obelisk_Petrie.png/150px-Aasehra_obelisk_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aasehra_obelisk_Petrie.png/200px-Aasehra_obelisk_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </td> <td>Aasehre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a> </td> <td>Short reign, perhaps a son of Sheshi<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Around 1705 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Around 1704 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Possibly identifiable with <a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Around 1704 to 1699 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Merdjefare_by_Khruner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Stele_Merdjefare_by_Khruner.png/100px-Stele_Merdjefare_by_Khruner.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Stele_Merdjefare_by_Khruner.png/150px-Stele_Merdjefare_by_Khruner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Stele_Merdjefare_by_Khruner.png/200px-Stele_Merdjefare_by_Khruner.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="668" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Possibly identifiable with <a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Around 1699 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>1694 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Webenre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[...]djefare </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[...]webenre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Around 1690 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Awibre II </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Heribre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jar_Nebsenre_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jar_Nebsenre_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Jar_Nebsenre_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jar_Nebsenre_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Jar_Nebsenre_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jar_Nebsenre_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Jar_Nebsenre_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="505" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Attested by a jar bearing his prenomen </td> <td>At least 5 months of reign, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Sekheperenre_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Scarab_Sekheperenre_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Scarab_Sekheperenre_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Scarab_Sekheperenre_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Scarab_Sekheperenre_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Scarab_Sekheperenre_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Scarab_Sekheperenre_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="288" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Attested by a single scarab seal </td> <td>2 months, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Djedkherewre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Sankhibre II </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Nefertum[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Sekhem[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Kakemure </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Neferibre </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>I[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Khakare </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Akare<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Semenenre </td> <td>Hapu </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Djedkare<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Anati </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td rowspan="8">Eight lines lost in the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Senefer[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Men[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Djed[...]re </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td rowspan="3">Three lines lost in the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Ink[...] </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>'A[...]<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclo-p4_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclo-p4-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a>. Name may be read as "Ineb" according to <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner">Alan Gardiner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclo-p4_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclo-p4-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_116-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Possibly attested as a king's son by 5 scarabs-seals </td> <td>c. 1650 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td rowspan="5">Five lines lost in the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Name lost</i> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The position and identity of the following pharaohs is uncertain: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khamure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Khamure.png/100px-Khamure.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Khamure.png/150px-Khamure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Khamure.png/200px-Khamure.png 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="264" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Nuya_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Scarab_Nuya_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Scarab_Nuya_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Scarab_Nuya_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Scarab_Nuya_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Scarab_Nuya_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Scarab_Nuya_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="499" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Attested by a scarab-seal </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheneh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Sheneh.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="127" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Shenshek_by_Khruner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Scarab_Shenshek_by_Khruner.png/100px-Scarab_Shenshek_by_Khruner.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Scarab_Shenshek_by_Khruner.png/150px-Scarab_Shenshek_by_Khruner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Scarab_Shenshek_by_Khruner.png/200px-Scarab_Shenshek_by_Khruner.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Attested by a scarab-seal </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wazad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wazad.png/100px-Wazad.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wazad.png/150px-Wazad.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Wazad.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="237" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare </td> <td>Around 1700 BC ? </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yakareb_scarab.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yakareb_scarab.png/100px-Yakareb_scarab.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Yakareb_scarab.png 1.5x" data-file-width="127" data-file-height="153" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a><sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png/100px-YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png/150px-YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png/200px-YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="248" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meruserre" class="mw-redirect" title="Meruserre">Meruserre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a><sup id="cite_ref-digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May belong to the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">14th dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">15th dynasty</a> or be a vassal of the Hyksos. </td> <td>17th–16th centuries BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin King List</a> provides additional names, none of which are attested beyond the list. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifteenth_Dynasty">Fifteenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Fifteenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty</a> arose from among the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> people who emerged from the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1535 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2">(<a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a>) </td> <td>Ruled <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a> and founded the <a href="/wiki/15th_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Dynasty">15th Dynasty</a> </td> <td>around 1650 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SemqenScarabPetrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/SemqenScarabPetrie.png/100px-SemqenScarabPetrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/SemqenScarabPetrie.png 1.5x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a> </td> <td>Chronological position uncertain. </td> <td>1649 BC – Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png/100px-Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png/150px-Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="165" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anat</a> </td> <td>Chronological position uncertain. </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png/100px-YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png/150px-YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png/200px-YaqubHar_scarab_Petrie_75.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="248" /></a></span> </td> <td>Meruserre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a> </td> <td>From Turin papyrus. </td> <td>either 8 or 18 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khyan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Khyan.jpg/100px-Khyan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Khyan.jpg/150px-Khyan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Khyan.jpg/200px-Khyan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2715" data-file-height="2202" /></a></span> </td> <td>Seuserenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a> </td> <td>Apex of the Hyksos' power, conquered Thebes toward the end of his reign </td> <td>likely 30–35 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/100px-ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/150px-ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/200px-ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nebkhepeshre / Aqenenre / Auserre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apepi</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1590 BC? </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg/100px-Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg/150px-Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg/200px-Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nakhtyre / Hotepibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1555–1544 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abydos_Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Abydos Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a></div> <p>The Second Intermediate Period may include an independent <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">dynasty reigning over Abydos</a> from around 1650 BC until 1600 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Prenomen </th> <th width="15%">Nomen </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cartouche_Senebkay_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cartouche_Senebkay_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Cartouche_Senebkay_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cartouche_Senebkay_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Cartouche_Senebkay_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cartouche_Senebkay_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Cartouche_Senebkay_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2199" data-file-height="3298" /></a></span> </td> <td>Woseribre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a> </td> <td>Tomb discovered in 2014. Perhaps identifiable with a <i>Woser[...]re</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a>. </td> <td>Around 1650 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snaaib.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Snaaib.jpg/100px-Snaaib.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Snaaib.jpg/150px-Snaaib.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Snaaib.jpg/200px-Snaaib.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span> </td> <td>Menkhaure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a> </td> <td>May belong to the late <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">13th Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beckerath1997_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckerath1997-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beckerath_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckerath-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Uncertain </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Pantjeny_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stele_Pantjeny_Petrie.jpg/100px-Stele_Pantjeny_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stele_Pantjeny_Petrie.jpg/150px-Stele_Pantjeny_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stele_Pantjeny_Petrie.jpg/200px-Stele_Pantjeny_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="438" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemrekhutawy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a> </td> <td>May belong to the late 16th Dynasty<sup id="cite_ref-maree_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maree-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Uncertain </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wepwawetemsaf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wepwawetemsaf.png/100px-Wepwawetemsaf.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wepwawetemsaf.png/150px-Wepwawetemsaf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wepwawetemsaf.png/200px-Wepwawetemsaf.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="610" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemraneferkhau </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a> </td> <td>May belong to the late <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">16th Dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-maree_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maree-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Uncertain </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>[...]hebre </td> <td>— </td> <td>Only known from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin Canon</a>. Believed by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Kim Ryholt</a> to have been part of the Abydos dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Uncertain </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixteenth_Dynasty">Sixteenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sixteenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth Dynasty</a> was a native <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Theban</a> dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13th dynasty around 1650 BC. They were finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty around 1580 BC. </p><p>The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper Egypt only. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Name of the first king is lost here in the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin King List</a> and cannot be recovered </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Block_Djehuti_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block_Djehuti_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Block_Djehuti_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block_Djehuti_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Block_Djehuti_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Block_Djehuti_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Block_Djehuti_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="927" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemresementawy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>3 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Sekhemre_Seusertawy_by_Khruner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Stele_Sekhemre_Seusertawy_by_Khruner.png/100px-Stele_Sekhemre_Seusertawy_by_Khruner.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Stele_Sekhemre_Seusertawy_by_Khruner.png/150px-Stele_Sekhemre_Seusertawy_by_Khruner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Stele_Sekhemre_Seusertawy_by_Khruner.png/200px-Stele_Sekhemre_Seusertawy_by_Khruner.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="488" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemreseusertawy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>16 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_JE_59635_by_Khruner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Stele_JE_59635_by_Khruner.png/100px-Stele_JE_59635_by_Khruner.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Stele_JE_59635_by_Khruner.png/150px-Stele_JE_59635_by_Khruner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Stele_JE_59635_by_Khruner.png/200px-Stele_JE_59635_by_Khruner.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="852" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemresankhtawy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>1 year </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_Seankhenre_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sphinx_Seankhenre_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Sphinx_Seankhenre_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sphinx_Seankhenre_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Sphinx_Seankhenre_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sphinx_Seankhenre_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Sphinx_Seankhenre_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="1131" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Seankhenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a> </td> <td>May be a king of the <a href="#Seventeenth_Dynasty">17th Dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-beckerath1997_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckerath1997-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>< 1 year </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dagger_Sewadjenre_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dagger_Sewadjenre_Petrie.png/50px-Dagger_Sewadjenre_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dagger_Sewadjenre_Petrie.png/75px-Dagger_Sewadjenre_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dagger_Sewadjenre_Petrie.png/100px-Dagger_Sewadjenre_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="764" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sewadjenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>26 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuette_Harpocrates_Mariette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Statuette_Harpocrates_Mariette.jpg/100px-Statuette_Harpocrates_Mariette.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Statuette_Harpocrates_Mariette.jpg/150px-Statuette_Harpocrates_Mariette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Statuette_Harpocrates_Mariette.jpg/200px-Statuette_Harpocrates_Mariette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </td> <td>Neferkare (?) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebiryraw II">Nebiryraw II</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Around 1600 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Axehead_Semenenre_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Axehead_Semenenre_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Axehead_Semenenre_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Axehead_Semenenre_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Axehead_Semenenre_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Axehead_Semenenre_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Axehead_Semenenre_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="2091" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>Around 1600 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dagger_Bebiankh_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dagger_Bebiankh_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Dagger_Bebiankh_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dagger_Bebiankh_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Dagger_Bebiankh_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dagger_Bebiankh_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Dagger_Bebiankh_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="1359" /></a></span> </td> <td>Seuserenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>12 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png/100px-Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png/150px-Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png/200px-Djedhotepre_Dedumose_stele.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="783" /></a></span> </td> <td>Djedhotepre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a> </td> <td>May be a king of the <a href="#Thirteenth_Dynasty">13th Dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-beckerath1997_125-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckerath1997-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Around 1588–1582 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djedneferre_Dedumose.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Djedneferre_Dedumose.png/100px-Djedneferre_Dedumose.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Djedneferre_Dedumose.png/150px-Djedneferre_Dedumose.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Djedneferre_Dedumose.png/200px-Djedneferre_Dedumose.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="554" /></a></span> </td> <td>Djedneferre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Around 1588–1582 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DjedankhraScarabPetrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/DjedankhraScarabPetrie.png/100px-DjedankhraScarabPetrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/DjedankhraScarabPetrie.png/150px-DjedankhraScarabPetrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/DjedankhraScarabPetrie.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Djedankhre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montemsaf</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Around 1590 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mentuhotep_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mentuhotep_VI.jpg/100px-Mentuhotep_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mentuhotep_VI.jpg/150px-Mentuhotep_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mentuhotep_VI.jpg/200px-Mentuhotep_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="1323" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Mentuhotep VI</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Short reign, around 1585 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senusret_IV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Senusret_IV.png/100px-Senusret_IV.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Senusret_IV.png/150px-Senusret_IV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Senusret_IV.png/200px-Senusret_IV.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="669" /></a></span> </td> <td>Seneferibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Shedwast</a> </td> <td>May be the same as <a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs <a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Sneferankhre Pepi III</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a>. Their chronological position is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beckerath1997_125-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckerath1997-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventeenth_Dynasty">Seventeenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Seventeenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth Dynasty</a> was based in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BC: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rahotep_stele_BM_Budge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rahotep_stele_BM_Budge.png/100px-Rahotep_stele_BM_Budge.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rahotep_stele_BM_Budge.png/150px-Rahotep_stele_BM_Budge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rahotep_stele_BM_Budge.png/200px-Rahotep_stele_BM_Budge.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="764" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemrewahkhaw </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Around 1620 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RedGraniteStatueOfSobkemsafI(Detail)-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RedGraniteStatueOfSobkemsafI%28Detail%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/100px-RedGraniteStatueOfSobkemsafI%28Detail%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RedGraniteStatueOfSobkemsafI%28Detail%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/150px-RedGraniteStatueOfSobkemsafI%28Detail%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RedGraniteStatueOfSobkemsafI%28Detail%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/200px-RedGraniteStatueOfSobkemsafI%28Detail%29-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2442" data-file-height="2682" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemre Wadjkhaw </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>At least 7 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuette_Sobekemsaf_Petrie_b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Statuette_Sobekemsaf_Petrie_b.png/100px-Statuette_Sobekemsaf_Petrie_b.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Statuette_Sobekemsaf_Petrie_b.png/150px-Statuette_Sobekemsaf_Petrie_b.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Statuette_Sobekemsaf_Petrie_b.png/200px-Statuette_Sobekemsaf_Petrie_b.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="557" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemre Shedtawy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a> </td> <td>His tomb was robbed and burned during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a>. </td> <td>Unknown to around 1573 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef,_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef%2C_Louvre.jpg/100px-Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef%2C_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef%2C_Louvre.jpg/150px-Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef%2C_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef%2C_Louvre.jpg/200px-Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef%2C_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Intef V</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Possibly around 1573-1571 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/100px-WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/150px-WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/200px-WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2565" data-file-height="3501" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Intef VI</a> </td> <td>Reigned more than 3 years </td> <td>Around 1571 to the mid-1560s BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffin_Sekhemre-Heruhermaat_Intef_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coffin_Sekhemre-Heruhermaat_Intef_closeup.jpg/100px-Coffin_Sekhemre-Heruhermaat_Intef_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coffin_Sekhemre-Heruhermaat_Intef_closeup.jpg/150px-Coffin_Sekhemre-Heruhermaat_Intef_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coffin_Sekhemre-Heruhermaat_Intef_closeup.jpg/200px-Coffin_Sekhemre-Heruhermaat_Intef_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Intef VII</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Late 1560s BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Senakhtenre_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Relief_Senakhtenre_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Relief_Senakhtenre_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Relief_Senakhtenre_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Relief_Senakhtenre_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Relief_Senakhtenre_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Relief_Senakhtenre_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="817" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Ahmose</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Around 1558 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffin_Seqenenre_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coffin_Seqenenre_Petrie.png/100px-Coffin_Seqenenre_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coffin_Seqenenre_Petrie.png/150px-Coffin_Seqenenre_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coffin_Seqenenre_Petrie.png/200px-Coffin_Seqenenre_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="319" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Tao</a> </td> <td>Died in battle against the Hyksos. </td> <td>1558–1554 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarcophage-Kamose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sarcophage-Kamose.jpg/100px-Sarcophage-Kamose.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sarcophage-Kamose.jpg/150px-Sarcophage-Kamose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sarcophage-Kamose.jpg/200px-Sarcophage-Kamose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="377" /></a></span> </td> <td>Wadjkheperre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1554–1549 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The early 17th Dynasty may also have included the reign of a pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a>, whose chronological position is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Kingdom">New Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: New Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> (1550–1077 BC) is the period covering the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth dynasty of Egypt</a>, from the 16th to the 11th century BC, between the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Intermediate Period">Second Intermediate Period</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Intermediate Period">Third Intermediate Period</a>. </p><p>Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> in the south, and held wide territories in the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>. Egyptian armies fought with <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a> armies for control of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. </p><p>Three of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a> is often interpreted as the first instance of <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a> known for the discovery of his nearly intact tomb, and <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> who attempted to recover the territories in modern <a href="/wiki/Israel/Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel/Palestine">Israel/Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reconquest led to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Qadesh">Battle of Qadesh</a>, where he led the Egyptian armies against the army of the Hittite king <a href="/wiki/Muwatalli_II" title="Muwatalli II">Muwatalli II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighteenth_Dynasty">Eighteenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Eighteenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a> ruled from c. 1550 to 1292 BC: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_Ahmose_I_MET_DP140854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Head_of_Ahmose_I_MET_DP140854.jpg/100px-Head_of_Ahmose_I_MET_DP140854.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Head_of_Ahmose_I_MET_DP140854.jpg/150px-Head_of_Ahmose_I_MET_DP140854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Head_of_Ahmose_I_MET_DP140854.jpg/200px-Head_of_Ahmose_I_MET_DP140854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Nebpehtire </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a> (<i>Ahmosis I</i>) </td> <td>Brother and successor to <a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a>, conquered north of Egypt from the Hyksos. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Around 1550–1525 BC; Radiocarbon date range for the start of his reign is 1570–1544 BC, the mean point of which is 1557 BC<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cult_statue_of_Amenhotep_I,_limestone_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_1372_p03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cult_statue_of_Amenhotep_I%2C_limestone_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_1372_p03.jpg/100px-Cult_statue_of_Amenhotep_I%2C_limestone_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_1372_p03.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cult_statue_of_Amenhotep_I%2C_limestone_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_1372_p03.jpg/150px-Cult_statue_of_Amenhotep_I%2C_limestone_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_1372_p03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cult_statue_of_Amenhotep_I%2C_limestone_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_1372_p03.jpg/200px-Cult_statue_of_Amenhotep_I%2C_limestone_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_1372_p03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="6048" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Djeserkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a> led campaigns in Nubia down to the 3rd <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> cataract.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also introduced the practice of having the tomb and funerary temple in separate locations rather than in the same location.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a> and his mother Ahmose-Nefertari founded the tomb workers village of Deir-el-Medina, the two were honored as gods by later residents.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1541–1520 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bust_of_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Thutmose_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bust_of_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Thutmose_I.jpg/100px-Bust_of_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Thutmose_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bust_of_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Thutmose_I.jpg/150px-Bust_of_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Thutmose_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bust_of_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Thutmose_I.jpg/200px-Bust_of_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Thutmose_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="1688" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Aakheperkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a> </td> <td>Father unknown, though possibly <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a>. His mother is known to be <a href="/wiki/Senseneb" title="Senseneb">Senseneb</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a> established family control over the Egyptian throne for the next 175 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kingdom of Kush</a> and destroyed Kerma in <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, he campaigned in Syria as far as the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146_131-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also the father of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146_131-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_146-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1520–1492 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_block_with_relief_at_Karnak_Temple_Thutmosis_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Stone_block_with_relief_at_Karnak_Temple_Thutmosis_II.jpg/100px-Stone_block_with_relief_at_Karnak_Temple_Thutmosis_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Stone_block_with_relief_at_Karnak_Temple_Thutmosis_II.jpg/150px-Stone_block_with_relief_at_Karnak_Temple_Thutmosis_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Stone_block_with_relief_at_Karnak_Temple_Thutmosis_II.jpg/200px-Stone_block_with_relief_at_Karnak_Temple_Thutmosis_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2235" data-file-height="1758" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Aakheperenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a>. Grandson of <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a> through his mother, <a href="/wiki/Mutnofret" title="Mutnofret">Mutnofret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1492–1479 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seated_Statue_of_Hatshepsut_MET_Hatshepsut2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seated_Statue_of_Hatshepsut_MET_Hatshepsut2012.jpg/100px-Seated_Statue_of_Hatshepsut_MET_Hatshepsut2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seated_Statue_of_Hatshepsut_MET_Hatshepsut2012.jpg/150px-Seated_Statue_of_Hatshepsut_MET_Hatshepsut2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seated_Statue_of_Hatshepsut_MET_Hatshepsut2012.jpg/200px-Seated_Statue_of_Hatshepsut_MET_Hatshepsut2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Maatkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> </td> <td>The second known female ruler of Egypt. May have ruled jointly with her nephew <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a> during the early part of her reign. Famous for her expedition to <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Punt</a> documented on her famous <a href="/wiki/Mortuary_Temple_of_Hatshepsut" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut">Mortuary Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahari</a>. Built many temples and monuments. Ruled during the height of Egypt's power. Was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a> and the Great Wife of her brother <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1479–1458 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thutmosis_III-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Thutmosis_III-2.jpg/100px-Thutmosis_III-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Thutmosis_III-2.jpg/150px-Thutmosis_III-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Thutmosis_III-2.jpg/200px-Thutmosis_III-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="2207" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Menkheperre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a>. May have ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>, his aunt and step-mother, during the early part of her reign. Famous for his territorial expansion into <a href="/wiki/The_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="The Levant">the Levant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>. Under his reign, the Ancient Egyptian Empire was at its greatest extent. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. Before the end of his reign, he obliterated <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut's</a> name and image from temples and monuments. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1458–1425 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenophis_II-E_10896-IMG_0085-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Amenophis_II-E_10896-IMG_0085-gradient.jpg/100px-Amenophis_II-E_10896-IMG_0085-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Amenophis_II-E_10896-IMG_0085-gradient.jpg/150px-Amenophis_II-E_10896-IMG_0085-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Amenophis_II-E_10896-IMG_0085-gradient.jpg/200px-Amenophis_II-E_10896-IMG_0085-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Aakheperrure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a>. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1425–1400 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thumtmoses_IV-E_13889-IMG_0034-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Thumtmoses_IV-E_13889-IMG_0034-gradient.jpg/100px-Thumtmoses_IV-E_13889-IMG_0034-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Thumtmoses_IV-E_13889-IMG_0034-gradient.jpg/150px-Thumtmoses_IV-E_13889-IMG_0034-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Thumtmoses_IV-E_13889-IMG_0034-gradient.jpg/200px-Thumtmoses_IV-E_13889-IMG_0034-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Menkheperure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a> </td> <td>Famous for his <a href="/wiki/Dream_Stele" title="Dream Stele">Dream Stele</a>. Son of <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a>. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1400–1390 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_statue_depicting_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Amenhotep_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Head_of_statue_depicting_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Amenhotep_III.jpg/100px-Head_of_statue_depicting_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Amenhotep_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Head_of_statue_depicting_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Amenhotep_III.jpg/150px-Head_of_statue_depicting_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Amenhotep_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Head_of_statue_depicting_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Amenhotep_III.jpg/200px-Head_of_statue_depicting_new_kingdom_pharaoh_Amenhotep_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="2514" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Nebmaatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a> </td> <td>Father of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> and grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>. Ruled Egypt at the height of its power. Built many temples and monuments, including his enormous <a href="/wiki/Mortuary_Temple_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III">Mortuary Temple</a>. Was the son of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1390–1352 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e061.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e061.JPG/100px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e061.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e061.JPG/150px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e061.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e061.JPG/200px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e061.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Neferkheperure Waenre </td> <td>Amenhotep IV / <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> (<i>Achencheres</i>) </td> <td>Founder of the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_Period" title="Amarna Period">Amarna Period</a> in which he changed the state religion from the <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a>, centered around the worship of the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>, an image of the sun disc. He moved the capital to <a href="/wiki/Akhetaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhetaten">Akhetaten</a>. Was the second son of <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a>. He changed his name from Amenhotep (<a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> is pleased) to Akhenaten (Effective for the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>) to reflect his religion change. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1352–1336 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg/100px-Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg/150px-Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg/200px-Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Ankhkheperure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a> </td> <td>Ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> during the later years of his reign. Unknown if Smenkhare ever ruled in his own right. Identity and even the gender of Smenkhare is uncertain. Some suggest he may have been the son of Akhenaten, possibly the same person as <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>; others speculate Smenkhare may have been <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti">Nefertiti</a> or <a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a>. May have been succeeded by or identical with a female pharaoh named <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1335–1334 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amarna_Neues_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Amarna_Neues_05.JPG/95px-Amarna_Neues_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Amarna_Neues_05.JPG/142px-Amarna_Neues_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Amarna_Neues_05.JPG/189px-Amarna_Neues_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4778" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Ankhkheperure mery Neferkheperure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a> </td> <td>A female pharaoh, possibly the same ruler as <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a>. Archaeological evidence relates to a woman who reigned as pharaoh toward the end of the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_Period" title="Amarna Period">Amarna Period</a>. It is likely she was <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti">Nefertiti</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1334-1332 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg/100px-CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg/150px-CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg/200px-CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Nebkheperure </td> <td>Tutankhaten / <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a> </td> <td>Commonly believed to be the son of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>, most likely reinstated the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">polytheistic Ancient Egyptian religion</a>. His name change from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun reflects the change in religion from the <a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">monolatristic</a> <a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a> to the classic religion, of which <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> is a major <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deity</a>. He is thought to have taken the throne at around age eight or nine and to have died around age eighteen or nineteen, giving him the nickname "The Boy King." Tutankhamun was a weak ruler suffering from multiple health issues. However, he became famous for being buried in a decorative tomb intended for someone else called <a href="/wiki/KV62" class="mw-redirect" title="KV62">KV62</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1332–1324 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_couple-MAHG_12440-IMG_9577-detail.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_couple-MAHG_12440-IMG_9577-detail.JPG/100px-Royal_couple-MAHG_12440-IMG_9577-detail.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_couple-MAHG_12440-IMG_9577-detail.JPG/150px-Royal_couple-MAHG_12440-IMG_9577-detail.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_couple-MAHG_12440-IMG_9577-detail.JPG/200px-Royal_couple-MAHG_12440-IMG_9577-detail.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="3345" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Kheperkheperure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ay_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ay II">Ay II</a> </td> <td>Was Grand Vizier to <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a> and an important official during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a>. Possibly the brother of <a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye</a>, Great Wife of <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a>, and also possibly father of <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti">Nefertiti</a>, Great Wife of Akhenaten. Believed to have been born into nobility, but not royalty. Succeeded Tutankhamun due to his lack of an heir. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1324–1320 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01_KunsthistorischesMuseum_Nov13-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01_KunsthistorischesMuseum_Nov13-10.jpg/100px-StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01_KunsthistorischesMuseum_Nov13-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01_KunsthistorischesMuseum_Nov13-10.jpg/150px-StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01_KunsthistorischesMuseum_Nov13-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01_KunsthistorischesMuseum_Nov13-10.jpg/200px-StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01_KunsthistorischesMuseum_Nov13-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2625" data-file-height="3517" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Djeserkheperure Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a> </td> <td>Born a Commoner. Was a General during the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_Period" title="Amarna Period">Amarna Period</a>. Obliterated Images of the Amarna Pharaohs and destroyed and vandalized buildings and monuments associated with them. Succeeded <a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a> despite <a href="/wiki/Nakhtmin" title="Nakhtmin">Nakhtmin</a> being the intended heir. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1320–1292 BC</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nineteenth_Dynasty">Nineteenth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Nineteenth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty</a> ruled from 1292 to 1186 BC and includes one of the greatest pharaohs: <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> the Great. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StatueHeadOfParamessu-TitledFrontalView-RamessesI_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/StatueHeadOfParamessu-TitledFrontalView-RamessesI_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/100px-StatueHeadOfParamessu-TitledFrontalView-RamessesI_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/StatueHeadOfParamessu-TitledFrontalView-RamessesI_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/150px-StatueHeadOfParamessu-TitledFrontalView-RamessesI_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/StatueHeadOfParamessu-TitledFrontalView-RamessesI_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/200px-StatueHeadOfParamessu-TitledFrontalView-RamessesI_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="786" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Menpehtire </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Already Grand Vizier, of non-royal birth. Succeeded <a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a> due to his lack of an heir. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1292–1290 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SetiI-KneelingStatueOfferingToOsiris-CloseUp_MetropolitanMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/SetiI-KneelingStatueOfferingToOsiris-CloseUp_MetropolitanMuseum.png/100px-SetiI-KneelingStatueOfferingToOsiris-CloseUp_MetropolitanMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/SetiI-KneelingStatueOfferingToOsiris-CloseUp_MetropolitanMuseum.png/150px-SetiI-KneelingStatueOfferingToOsiris-CloseUp_MetropolitanMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/SetiI-KneelingStatueOfferingToOsiris-CloseUp_MetropolitanMuseum.png/200px-SetiI-KneelingStatueOfferingToOsiris-CloseUp_MetropolitanMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Menmaatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> </td> <td>Regained much of the territory that was lost under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1290–1279 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RamsesIIEgypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RamsesIIEgypt.jpg/100px-RamsesIIEgypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RamsesIIEgypt.jpg/150px-RamsesIIEgypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RamsesIIEgypt.jpg/200px-RamsesIIEgypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="596" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Usermaatre Setpenre (<i>Ozymandias</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> the Great </td> <td>Continued expanding Egypt's territory until he reached a <a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">stalemate</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Hittite_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittite empire">Hittite Empire</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kadesh" title="Battle of Kadesh">Battle of Kadesh</a> in 1275 BC, after which the famous <a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Hittite_peace_treaty" title="Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty">Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty</a> was signed in 1258 BC. Had one of the longest Egyptian reigns. Known for his large scale construction projects, including many now famous monuments. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1279–1213 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merenptah_Louxor-HeadAndShoulders-BackgroundKnockedOut.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Merenptah_Louxor-HeadAndShoulders-BackgroundKnockedOut.png/100px-Merenptah_Louxor-HeadAndShoulders-BackgroundKnockedOut.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Merenptah_Louxor-HeadAndShoulders-BackgroundKnockedOut.png/150px-Merenptah_Louxor-HeadAndShoulders-BackgroundKnockedOut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Merenptah_Louxor-HeadAndShoulders-BackgroundKnockedOut.png/200px-Merenptah_Louxor-HeadAndShoulders-BackgroundKnockedOut.png 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="261" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Banenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Thirteenth son of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1213–1203 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenmesses_drawn_by_Rosellini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Amenmesses_drawn_by_Rosellini.jpg/100px-Amenmesses_drawn_by_Rosellini.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Amenmesses_drawn_by_Rosellini.jpg/150px-Amenmesses_drawn_by_Rosellini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Amenmesses_drawn_by_Rosellini.jpg/200px-Amenmesses_drawn_by_Rosellini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1739" data-file-height="2595" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Menmire Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesse</a> </td> <td>Most likely a usurper to the throne. Possibly ruled in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a>. Suggested son of <a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1203–1200 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turin_statue_of_Seti_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turin_statue_of_Seti_II.jpg/100px-Turin_statue_of_Seti_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turin_statue_of_Seti_II.jpg/150px-Turin_statue_of_Seti_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turin_statue_of_Seti_II.jpg/200px-Turin_statue_of_Seti_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1692" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Userkheperure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a>. May have had to overcome a contest by <a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesse</a> before he could solidify his claim to the throne. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1203–1197 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siptah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siptah.jpg/100px-Siptah.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siptah.jpg/150px-Siptah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siptah.jpg/200px-Siptah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Sekhaenre / Akhenre </td> <td>(Merenptah) <a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Possibly son of <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesse</a>, ascended to throne at a young age. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1197–1191 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Tausret_%C3%89mile_Prisse_d%27Avennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Queen_Tausret_%C3%89mile_Prisse_d%27Avennes.jpg/100px-Queen_Tausret_%C3%89mile_Prisse_d%27Avennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Queen_Tausret_%C3%89mile_Prisse_d%27Avennes.jpg/150px-Queen_Tausret_%C3%89mile_Prisse_d%27Avennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Queen_Tausret_%C3%89mile_Prisse_d%27Avennes.jpg/200px-Queen_Tausret_%C3%89mile_Prisse_d%27Avennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1117" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Satre Merenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a> </td> <td>Probably the wife of <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a>. Also known as Twosret or Tawosret. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1191–1189 BC</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twentieth_Dynasty">Twentieth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Twentieth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a> ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sethnakht_closeup_Lepsius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sethnakht_closeup_Lepsius.png/100px-Sethnakht_closeup_Lepsius.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sethnakht_closeup_Lepsius.png/150px-Sethnakht_closeup_Lepsius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sethnakht_closeup_Lepsius.png/200px-Sethnakht_closeup_Lepsius.png 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="522" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Userkhaure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a> </td> <td>Not related to <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a>. May have usurped the throne from <a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a>. Did not recognize <a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a> as legitimate rulers. Possibly a member of a minor line of the Ramesside royal family. Also called Setnakt. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1190–1186 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KhonsuTemple-Karnak-RamessesIII-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KhonsuTemple-Karnak-RamessesIII-2.jpg/100px-KhonsuTemple-Karnak-RamessesIII-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KhonsuTemple-Karnak-RamessesIII-2.jpg/150px-KhonsuTemple-Karnak-RamessesIII-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KhonsuTemple-Karnak-RamessesIII-2.jpg/200px-KhonsuTemple-Karnak-RamessesIII-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="2225" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Usermaatre Meryamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a>. Fought the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a> in 1175 BC. Possibly assassinated (<a href="/wiki/Harem_conspiracy" title="Harem conspiracy">Harem conspiracy</a>). </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1186–1155 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M-Ramses_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/M-Ramses_IV.jpg/100px-M-Ramses_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/M-Ramses_IV.jpg/150px-M-Ramses_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/M-Ramses_IV.jpg/200px-M-Ramses_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Usermaatre / Heqamaatre Setpenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a>. During his reign, Egyptian power started to decline. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1155–1149 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramses_V_mummy_head.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ramses_V_mummy_head.png/100px-Ramses_V_mummy_head.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ramses_V_mummy_head.png/150px-Ramses_V_mummy_head.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ramses_V_mummy_head.png/200px-Ramses_V_mummy_head.png 2x" data-file-width="1813" data-file-height="2258" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Usermaatre Sekheperenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1149–1145 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RamassesVIFragmentarySarcophagusHead-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RamassesVIFragmentarySarcophagusHead-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/100px-RamassesVIFragmentarySarcophagusHead-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RamassesVIFragmentarySarcophagusHead-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/150px-RamassesVIFragmentarySarcophagusHead-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RamassesVIFragmentarySarcophagusHead-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/200px-RamassesVIFragmentarySarcophagusHead-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2586" data-file-height="3090" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Nebmaatre Meryamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a>. Brother of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a>. Uncle of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1145–1137 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_KV1_Ramesses_VII_Lepsius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tomb_KV1_Ramesses_VII_Lepsius.jpg/100px-Tomb_KV1_Ramesses_VII_Lepsius.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tomb_KV1_Ramesses_VII_Lepsius.jpg/150px-Tomb_KV1_Ramesses_VII_Lepsius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tomb_KV1_Ramesses_VII_Lepsius.jpg/200px-Tomb_KV1_Ramesses_VII_Lepsius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="814" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Usermaatre Setpenre Meryamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1137–1130 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png/100px-Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png/150px-Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png/200px-Ostracon04-RamessidePeriod_MetropolitanMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1308" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Usermaatre Akhenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a> </td> <td>An obscure Pharaoh, who reigned only around a year. Identifiable with Prince Sethiherkhepeshef II. Son of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a>. Brother of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a>. Uncle of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a>. He is the sole pharaoh of the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a> whose tomb has not been found. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1130–1129 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramesses9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ramesses9.jpg/100px-Ramesses9.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ramesses9.jpg/150px-Ramesses9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ramesses9.jpg/200px-Ramesses9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Neferkare Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a> </td> <td>Probably grandson of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a> through his father, <a href="/wiki/Montuherkhopshef_(son_of_Ramesses_III)" title="Montuherkhopshef (son of Ramesses III)">Montuherkhopshef</a>. First cousin of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1129–1111 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RamsesXCrop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RamsesXCrop.jpg/100px-RamsesXCrop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RamsesXCrop.jpg/150px-RamsesXCrop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RamsesXCrop.jpg/200px-RamsesXCrop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Khepermaatre Setpenptah </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>A poorly documented Pharaoh, his reign was between 3 and 10 years long. His origins are completely uncertain. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1111–1107 BC</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_Khonsu_Ramesses_XI_Lepsius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Temple_Khonsu_Ramesses_XI_Lepsius.jpg/100px-Temple_Khonsu_Ramesses_XI_Lepsius.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Temple_Khonsu_Ramesses_XI_Lepsius.jpg/150px-Temple_Khonsu_Ramesses_XI_Lepsius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Temple_Khonsu_Ramesses_XI_Lepsius.jpg/200px-Temple_Khonsu_Ramesses_XI_Lepsius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="637" /></a></span></div> </td> <td>Menmaatre Setpenptah </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Possibly the son of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a>. During the second half of his reign, <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priest of Amun</a> <a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a> ruled over the south from <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, limiting his power to <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower (Northern) Egypt</a>. He was succeeded in the north by <a href="/wiki/Smendes_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Smendes I">Smendes</a>. </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1107–1077 BC</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_Intermediate_Period">Third Intermediate Period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Third Intermediate Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Intermediate Period">Third Intermediate Period</a> (1077–664 BC) marked the end of the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> after the collapse of the Egyptian empire at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. Two dynasties of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libyan</a> origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-First_Dynasty">Twenty-First Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Twenty-First Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-First Dynasty</a> was based at <a href="/wiki/Tanis,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanis, Egypt">Tanis</a> and was a relatively weak group. Theoretically, they were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1077 to 943 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canopic_Smendes_Met.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Canopic_Smendes_Met.jpg/100px-Canopic_Smendes_Met.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Canopic_Smendes_Met.jpg/150px-Canopic_Smendes_Met.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Canopic_Smendes_Met.jpg/200px-Canopic_Smendes_Met.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2999" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hedjkheperre-Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nesbanebdjed_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesbanebdjed I">Nesbanebdjed I</a><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Smendes I</i>) </td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/Tentamun_(21st_dynasty)" title="Tentamun (21st dynasty)">Tentamun</a>, probable daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a>. </td> <td>1077–1051 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowcap_Amenemnesut_Psusennes_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bowcap_Amenemnesut_Psusennes_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Bowcap_Amenemnesut_Psusennes_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bowcap_Amenemnesut_Psusennes_by_Khruner.jpg/150px-Bowcap_Amenemnesut_Psusennes_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bowcap_Amenemnesut_Psusennes_by_Khruner.jpg/200px-Bowcap_Amenemnesut_Psusennes_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="548" /></a></span> </td> <td>Neferkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a> </td> <td>Obscure four-year reign. </td> <td>1051–1047 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Mask_of_Psusennes_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Golden_Mask_of_Psusennes_I.jpg/100px-Golden_Mask_of_Psusennes_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Golden_Mask_of_Psusennes_I.jpg/150px-Golden_Mask_of_Psusennes_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Golden_Mask_of_Psusennes_I.jpg/200px-Golden_Mask_of_Psusennes_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td> <td>Aakheperre </td> <td>Pasebakhenniut I (<i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></i>) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun" class="mw-redirect" title="Theban High Priests of Amun">High Priest of Amun</a>. Ruled for 40 to 51 years. Famous for his intact tomb at <a href="/wiki/Tanis" title="Tanis">Tanis</a>. Known as "The Silver Pharaoh" due to the magnificent silver coffin he was buried in. One of the most powerful rulers of the Dynasty. </td> <td>1047–1001 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenemope_Mask_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Amenemope_Mask_Crop.jpg/100px-Amenemope_Mask_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Amenemope_Mask_Crop.jpg/150px-Amenemope_Mask_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Amenemope_Mask_Crop.jpg/200px-Amenemope_Mask_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a>. </td> <td>1001–992 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_Aakheperre_Osorkon_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_Aakheperre_Osorkon_Petrie.jpg/100px-Seal_Aakheperre_Osorkon_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_Aakheperre_Osorkon_Petrie.jpg/150px-Seal_Aakheperre_Osorkon_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_Aakheperre_Osorkon_Petrie.jpg/200px-Seal_Aakheperre_Osorkon_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="705" /></a></span> </td> <td>Aakheperre Setepenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_A" title="Shoshenq A">Shoshenq A</a>, Great Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Meshwesh" title="Meshwesh">Meshwesh</a> (Libya). Also known as Osochor. </td> <td>992–986 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Siamun_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_Siamun_Petrie.jpg/100px-Relief_Siamun_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_Siamun_Petrie.jpg/150px-Relief_Siamun_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_Siamun_Petrie.jpg/200px-Relief_Siamun_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </td> <td>Netjerikheperre-Setpenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a> </td> <td>Unknown Origins. Built extensively for a third intermediate period Pharaoh. One of the most powerful rulers of the dynasty. </td> <td>986–967 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_CG42192_legrain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Statue_CG42192_legrain.jpg/100px-Statue_CG42192_legrain.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Statue_CG42192_legrain.jpg/150px-Statue_CG42192_legrain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Statue_CG42192_legrain.jpg/200px-Statue_CG42192_legrain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="2091" /></a></span> </td> <td>Titkheperure </td> <td>Pasebakhenniut II (<i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></i>) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun" class="mw-redirect" title="Theban High Priests of Amun">High Priest of Amun</a>. </td> <td>967–943 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun">Theban High Priests of Amun</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Theban High Priests of Amun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun" class="mw-redirect" title="Theban High Priests of Amun">Theban High Priests of Amun</a></div> <p>Though not officially pharaohs, the <a href="/wiki/Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun" class="mw-redirect" title="Theban High Priests of Amun">High Priests of Amun at Thebes</a> were the <i>de facto</i> rulers of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-first dynasty</a>, writing their names in <a href="/wiki/Cartouches" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartouches">cartouches</a> and being buried in royal tombs. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KingHerihorAdoreOsiris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KingHerihorAdoreOsiris.jpg/100px-KingHerihorAdoreOsiris.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KingHerihorAdoreOsiris.jpg/150px-KingHerihorAdoreOsiris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KingHerihorAdoreOsiris.jpg/200px-KingHerihorAdoreOsiris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Hemnetjertepenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor Siamun</a> </td> <td>Ruled in the south in <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a> ruled from the north in <a href="/wiki/Pi-Ramesses" title="Pi-Ramesses">Pi-Ramesses</a>. Some sources suggest he may have reigned after <a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a>. </td> <td>1080–1074 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Payankh_stele_Mariette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Payankh_stele_Mariette.jpg/100px-Payankh_stele_Mariette.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Payankh_stele_Mariette.jpg/150px-Payankh_stele_Mariette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Payankh_stele_Mariette.jpg/200px-Payankh_stele_Mariette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a> </td> <td>Some sources suggest he may have reigned before <a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a>. </td> <td>1074–1070 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Pinedjem_CG42191_Legrain.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Statue_Pinedjem_CG42191_Legrain.png/100px-Statue_Pinedjem_CG42191_Legrain.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Statue_Pinedjem_CG42191_Legrain.png/150px-Statue_Pinedjem_CG42191_Legrain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Statue_Pinedjem_CG42191_Legrain.png/200px-Statue_Pinedjem_CG42191_Legrain.png 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1964" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Kheperkhawra Setepenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a>. Father of <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a>. </td> <td>1070–1032 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mummy_Masaherta_Smith.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mummy_Masaherta_Smith.JPG/100px-Mummy_Masaherta_Smith.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mummy_Masaherta_Smith.JPG/150px-Mummy_Masaherta_Smith.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mummy_Masaherta_Smith.JPG/200px-Mummy_Masaherta_Smith.JPG 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masaharta" title="Masaharta">Masaharta</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a>. </td> <td>1054–1045 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedkhonsuefankh" title="Djedkhonsuefankh">Djedkhonsuefankh</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a>. </td> <td>1046–1045 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Molded_Faience_Amuletic_Tube_with_Throne_Name_of_the_High_Priest_of_Amen_Menkheperre_LACMA_M.80.198.107.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Molded_Faience_Amuletic_Tube_with_Throne_Name_of_the_High_Priest_of_Amen_Menkheperre_LACMA_M.80.198.107.jpg/100px-Molded_Faience_Amuletic_Tube_with_Throne_Name_of_the_High_Priest_of_Amen_Menkheperre_LACMA_M.80.198.107.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Molded_Faience_Amuletic_Tube_with_Throne_Name_of_the_High_Priest_of_Amen_Menkheperre_LACMA_M.80.198.107.jpg/150px-Molded_Faience_Amuletic_Tube_with_Throne_Name_of_the_High_Priest_of_Amen_Menkheperre_LACMA_M.80.198.107.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Molded_Faience_Amuletic_Tube_with_Throne_Name_of_the_High_Priest_of_Amen_Menkheperre_LACMA_M.80.198.107.jpg/200px-Molded_Faience_Amuletic_Tube_with_Throne_Name_of_the_High_Priest_of_Amen_Menkheperre_LACMA_M.80.198.107.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Hemnetjertepienamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a>. </td> <td>1045–992 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nesbanebdjed_II_statuette_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Nesbanebdjed_II_statuette_Petrie.png/100px-Nesbanebdjed_II_statuette_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Nesbanebdjed_II_statuette_Petrie.png/150px-Nesbanebdjed_II_statuette_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Nesbanebdjed_II_statuette_Petrie.png/200px-Nesbanebdjed_II_statuette_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Nesbanebdjed II (<i><a href="/wiki/Smendes_II" title="Smendes II">Smendes II</a></i>) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a>. </td> <td>992–990 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinudjem-II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Pinudjem-II.jpg/100px-Pinudjem-II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Pinudjem-II.jpg/150px-Pinudjem-II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Pinudjem-II.jpg/200px-Pinudjem-II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a>, Father of <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a>. </td> <td>990–976 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Titkheprure </td> <td>Hemnetjertepienamun Pasebakhaennuit (<i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_III" title="Psusennes III">Psusennes III</a></i>) </td> <td>Possibly the same person as <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a>. Either he or <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a> is generally considered to be the last <a href="/wiki/Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun" class="mw-redirect" title="Theban High Priests of Amun">High Priest of Amun</a> to consider himself as a pharaoh-like figure. </td> <td>976–943 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Second_Dynasty">Twenty-Second Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Twenty-Second Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The pharaohs of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-Second Dynasty</a> were <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libyans</a>, ruling from around 943 to 728 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnak_Sheshonq_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Karnak_Sheshonq_I.jpg/100px-Karnak_Sheshonq_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Karnak_Sheshonq_I.jpg/150px-Karnak_Sheshonq_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Karnak_Sheshonq_I.jpg/200px-Karnak_Sheshonq_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1229" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hedjkheperre Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Nimlot_A" title="Nimlot A">Nimlot A</a>, a brother of <a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a> and a Great Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Meshwesh" title="Meshwesh">Meshwesh</a> (Libyans). Possibly the biblical <a href="/wiki/Shishaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Shishaq">Shishaq</a> </td> <td>943–922 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Pharaoh_Osorkon_I-AO_9502-IMG_7653-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Statue_of_Pharaoh_Osorkon_I-AO_9502-IMG_7653-gradient.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Pharaoh_Osorkon_I-AO_9502-IMG_7653-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Statue_of_Pharaoh_Osorkon_I-AO_9502-IMG_7653-gradient.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Pharaoh_Osorkon_I-AO_9502-IMG_7653-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Statue_of_Pharaoh_Osorkon_I-AO_9502-IMG_7653-gradient.jpg/200px-Statue_of_Pharaoh_Osorkon_I-AO_9502-IMG_7653-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sekhemkheperre Setepenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a>. </td> <td>922–887 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheshonq_II_mask2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sheshonq_II_mask2004.jpg/100px-Sheshonq_II_mask2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sheshonq_II_mask2004.jpg/150px-Sheshonq_II_mask2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sheshonq_II_mask2004.jpg/200px-Sheshonq_II_mask2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="608" /></a></span> </td> <td>Heqakheperre Setepenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Obscure pharaoh, possibly a usurper. </td> <td>887–885 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Tutkheperre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Shoshenq IIb</a> </td> <td>Obscure pharaoh, placement uncertain. </td> <td>880s BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarcophage_Harsiesis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sarcophage_Harsiesis.JPG/100px-Sarcophage_Harsiesis.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sarcophage_Harsiesis.JPG/150px-Sarcophage_Harsiesis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sarcophage_Harsiesis.JPG/200px-Sarcophage_Harsiesis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hedjkheperre Setepenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese Meriamun A</a> </td> <td>An obscure rebel, at Thebes. </td> <td>880–860 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takelot_I_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Takelot_I_a.jpg/100px-Takelot_I_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Takelot_I_a.jpg/150px-Takelot_I_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Takelot_I_a.jpg/200px-Takelot_I_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hedjkheperre Setepenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a>. </td> <td>885–872 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Egypte_louvre_066.jpg/100px-Egypte_louvre_066.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Egypte_louvre_066.jpg/150px-Egypte_louvre_066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Egypte_louvre_066.jpg/200px-Egypte_louvre_066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre Setpenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a>. </td> <td>872–837 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoshenq_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Shoshenq_III.jpg/100px-Shoshenq_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Shoshenq_III.jpg/150px-Shoshenq_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Shoshenq_III.jpg/200px-Shoshenq_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="1011" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III Meriamun</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>837–798 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png/100px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png/150px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png/200px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hedjkheperre Setepenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV Meriamun Sabast Netjerheqaiunu</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>798–785 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_of_Year_2_of_Pami,_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Stele_of_Year_2_of_Pami%2C_Louvre.jpg/100px-Stele_of_Year_2_of_Pami%2C_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Stele_of_Year_2_of_Pami%2C_Louvre.jpg/150px-Stele_of_Year_2_of_Pami%2C_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Stele_of_Year_2_of_Pami%2C_Louvre.jpg/200px-Stele_of_Year_2_of_Pami%2C_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="844" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami Meriamun</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>785–778 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apis_stele,_Shoshenq_V,_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Apis_stele%2C_Shoshenq_V%2C_Louvre.jpg/100px-Apis_stele%2C_Shoshenq_V%2C_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Apis_stele%2C_Shoshenq_V%2C_Louvre.jpg/150px-Apis_stele%2C_Shoshenq_V%2C_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Apis_stele%2C_Shoshenq_V%2C_Louvre.jpg/200px-Apis_stele%2C_Shoshenq_V%2C_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="844" /></a></span> </td> <td>Aakheperre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>778–740 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louvre_egide_tete_lionne.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Louvre_egide_tete_lionne.JPG/100px-Louvre_egide_tete_lionne.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Louvre_egide_tete_lionne.JPG/150px-Louvre_egide_tete_lionne.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Louvre_egide_tete_lionne.JPG/200px-Louvre_egide_tete_lionne.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>740–720 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Third_Dynasty">Twenty-Third Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Twenty-Third Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-Third Dynasty</a> was a local group, again of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libyan</a> origin, based at <a href="/wiki/Heracleopolis_Magna" title="Heracleopolis Magna">Herakleopolis</a> and Thebes that ruled from 837 to c. 735 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnak_Ptah_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Karnak_Ptah_08.jpg/100px-Karnak_Ptah_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Karnak_Ptah_08.jpg/150px-Karnak_Ptah_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Karnak_Ptah_08.jpg/200px-Karnak_Ptah_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1213" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hedjkheperre Setpenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II Siesemeriamun</a> </td> <td>Previously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd. </td> <td>837–813 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torso_of_Pedubast_I_by_Michael_Martin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Torso_of_Pedubast_I_by_Michael_Martin.jpg/100px-Torso_of_Pedubast_I_by_Michael_Martin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Torso_of_Pedubast_I_by_Michael_Martin.jpg/150px-Torso_of_Pedubast_I_by_Michael_Martin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Torso_of_Pedubast_I_by_Michael_Martin.jpg/200px-Torso_of_Pedubast_I_by_Michael_Martin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1714" data-file-height="2296" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre Setpenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Meriamun Pedubast I</a> </td> <td>A rebel—seized <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> from Takelot II. </td> <td>826–801 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Co-regent with Pedubast. </td> <td>812–811 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Usermaatre Meryamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI Meriamun</a> </td> <td>Successor to Pedubast. </td> <td>801–795 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osorkon_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Osorkon_III.jpg/100px-Osorkon_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Osorkon_III.jpg/150px-Osorkon_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Osorkon_III.jpg/200px-Osorkon_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1464" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre Setpenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III Saisetmeriamun</a> </td> <td>Son of Takelot II; recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king. </td> <td>795–767 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnak_Takelot_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Karnak_Takelot_III.jpg/100px-Karnak_Takelot_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Karnak_Takelot_III.jpg/150px-Karnak_Takelot_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Karnak_Takelot_III.jpg/200px-Karnak_Takelot_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="818" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre-Setpenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III Meriamun Saisetmeriamun</a> </td> <td>Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign. </td> <td>773–765 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Egypte_louvre_054.jpg/100px-Egypte_louvre_054.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Egypte_louvre_054.jpg/150px-Egypte_louvre_054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Egypte_louvre_054.jpg/200px-Egypte_louvre_054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre-Setpenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Meriamun Rudamun</a> </td> <td>Younger son of Osorkon III and brother of Takelot III. </td> <td>765–762 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Uasnetjerre/Hedjkheperre Setepenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII Saisetmeriamun</a> </td> <td>A poorly attested king. </td> <td>— </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Rudamun was succeeded in <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> by a local ruler: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louvre_C100_stele_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Louvre_C100_stele_Petrie.png/100px-Louvre_C100_stele_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Louvre_C100_stele_Petrie.png/150px-Louvre_C100_stele_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Louvre_C100_stele_Petrie.png/200px-Louvre_C100_stele_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="588" /></a></span> </td> <td>Menkheperre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Ini</a> </td> <td>Reigned at Thebes only. </td> <td>762–Unknown BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Fourth_Dynasty">Twenty-Fourth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Twenty-Fourth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fourth Dynasty</a> was a short-lived rival dynasty located in the western Delta (<a href="/wiki/Sais,_Egypt" title="Sais, Egypt">Sais</a>), with only two pharaohs ruling from 732 to 720 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tefnakht_Athens_stela_(T._Efthimiadis)_det.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg/100px-Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg/150px-Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg/200px-Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="1572" /></a></span> </td> <td>Shepsesre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tefnakhte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tefnakhte">Tefnakhte</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>732–725 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apis_Bakenranef_6_Mariette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Apis_Bakenranef_6_Mariette.jpg/100px-Apis_Bakenranef_6_Mariette.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Apis_Bakenranef_6_Mariette.jpg/150px-Apis_Bakenranef_6_Mariette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Apis_Bakenranef_6_Mariette.jpg/200px-Apis_Bakenranef_6_Mariette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="467" /></a></span> </td> <td>Wahkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakenrenef" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakenrenef">Bakenrenef</a> (<i>Bocchoris</i>) </td> <td>— </td> <td>725–720 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Fifth_Dynasty">Twenty-Fifth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Twenty-Fifth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubians</a> invaded Lower Egypt and took the throne of Egypt under <a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a> although they already controlled Thebes and Upper Egypt in the early years of Piye's reign. Piye's conquest of Lower Egypt established the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fifth Dynasty</a> which ruled until 656 BC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Piye_submission_Mariette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stele_Piye_submission_Mariette.jpg/100px-Stele_Piye_submission_Mariette.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stele_Piye_submission_Mariette.jpg/150px-Stele_Piye_submission_Mariette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stele_Piye_submission_Mariette.jpg/200px-Stele_Piye_submission_Mariette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="464" /></a></span> </td> <td>Usermaatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a> </td> <td>King of <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>; conquered Egypt in his 20th year; full reign at least 24 years, possibly 30+ years </td> <td>744–714 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau<sup id="cite_ref-pay_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pay-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stela_Shebitqo_Met.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Stela_Shebitqo_Met.jpg/100px-Stela_Shebitqo_Met.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Stela_Shebitqo_Met.jpg/150px-Stela_Shebitqo_Met.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Stela_Shebitqo_Met.jpg/200px-Stela_Shebitqo_Met.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td>Djedkaure </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a> </td> <td>Believed to be Shabaka's successor until the 2010s </td> <td>714–705 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau<sup id="cite_ref-pay_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pay-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shabaqa_Sphinx_Head_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shabaqa_Sphinx_Head_002.jpg/100px-Shabaqa_Sphinx_Head_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shabaqa_Sphinx_Head_002.jpg/150px-Shabaqa_Sphinx_Head_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shabaqa_Sphinx_Head_002.jpg/200px-Shabaqa_Sphinx_Head_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span> </td> <td>Neferkare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a> </td> <td>Believed to be Shebitku's predecessor until the 2010s </td> <td>705–690 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau<sup id="cite_ref-pay_142-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pay-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SphinxOfTaharqa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SphinxOfTaharqa.jpg/100px-SphinxOfTaharqa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SphinxOfTaharqa.jpg/150px-SphinxOfTaharqa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SphinxOfTaharqa.jpg/200px-SphinxOfTaharqa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="639" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khuinefertemre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a> </td> <td>Died in 664 BC </td> <td>690–664 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart88_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart88-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nubian_head.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nubian_head.JPG/100px-Nubian_head.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nubian_head.JPG/150px-Nubian_head.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nubian_head.JPG/200px-Nubian_head.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="2660" /></a></span> </td> <td>Bakare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tantamani</a> </td> <td>Lost control of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> in 656 BC when Psamtik I extended his authority into Thebes in that year. </td> <td>664–653 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a> (656–590), and, later, at <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a> (590 BC – AD 500). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_Period">Late Period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Late Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_Ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Period of Ancient Egypt">Late Period of Ancient Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_Ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Period of Ancient Egypt">Late Period</a> runs from around 664 to 332 BC, and includes periods of rule by native <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Sixth_Dynasty">Twenty-Sixth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Twenty-Sixth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-sixth Dynasty</a> ruled from around 664 to 525 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MenibraScarabKS2670.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/MenibraScarabKS2670.png/100px-MenibraScarabKS2670.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/MenibraScarabKS2670.png/150px-MenibraScarabKS2670.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/MenibraScarabKS2670.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="270" /></a></span> </td> <td>Menibre? Iribre? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a> (<i>Stephinates</i>) </td> <td>Manetho's Stephinates. May have been a descendant of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty. The father of <a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a>. </td> <td>685–678 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a> (<i>Nechepsos</i>) </td> <td>Manetho's Nechepsos. His existence has been questioned. </td> <td>678–672 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Necho_I_Horus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Necho_I_Horus.png/100px-Necho_I_Horus.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Necho_I_Horus.png/150px-Necho_I_Horus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Necho_I_Horus.png/200px-Necho_I_Horus.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="433" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Menkheperre</a> </td> <td>Nekau I (<i><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></i>) </td> <td>Was killed by an invading <a href="/wiki/Kushite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushite">Kushite</a> force in 664 BC under <a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tantamani</a>. Father of <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a>. </td> <td>672–664 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The son and successor of Nekau I, <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a>, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psammetique_Ier_TPabasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Psammetique_Ier_TPabasa.jpg/100px-Psammetique_Ier_TPabasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Psammetique_Ier_TPabasa.jpg/150px-Psammetique_Ier_TPabasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Psammetique_Ier_TPabasa.jpg/200px-Psammetique_Ier_TPabasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="827" /></a></span> </td> <td>Wahibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a> (<i>Psammetichus I</i>) </td> <td>Reunified <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Son of <a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a> and father of <a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a>. </td> <td>664–610 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Necho-KnellingStatue_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Necho-KnellingStatue_BrooklynMuseum.png/100px-Necho-KnellingStatue_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Necho-KnellingStatue_BrooklynMuseum.png/150px-Necho-KnellingStatue_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Necho-KnellingStatue_BrooklynMuseum.png/200px-Necho-KnellingStatue_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="1339" /></a></span> </td> <td>Wehemibre </td> <td>Nekau II (<i><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></i>) </td> <td>Most likely the pharaoh mentioned in several books of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and the death of <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>. Son of <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a> and father of <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a>. </td> <td>610–595 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_Psammetique_II_1104.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sphinx_Psammetique_II_1104.jpg/100px-Sphinx_Psammetique_II_1104.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sphinx_Psammetique_II_1104.jpg/150px-Sphinx_Psammetique_II_1104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sphinx_Psammetique_II_1104.jpg/200px-Sphinx_Psammetique_II_1104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td>Neferibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a> (<i>Psammetichus II</i>) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a> and father of <a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Apries</a>. </td> <td>595–589 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Apries.jpg/100px-Apries.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Apries.jpg/150px-Apries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Apries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="290" /></a></span> </td> <td>Haaibre </td> <td>Wahibre (<i><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Apries</a></i>) </td> <td>Fled Egypt after <a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Amasis II</a> (who was a general at the time) declared himself pharaoh following a civil war. Son of <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a>. </td> <td>589–570 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Farao_Amasis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Farao_Amasis.JPG/100px-Farao_Amasis.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Farao_Amasis.JPG/150px-Farao_Amasis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Farao_Amasis.JPG/200px-Farao_Amasis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khnemibre </td> <td>Ahmose II (<i><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Amasis II</a></i>) </td> <td>He was the last great ruler of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> before the Persian conquest. According to the Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, he was of common origins. Father of <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a>. </td> <td>570–526 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnak_Psammetichus_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karnak_Psammetichus_III.jpg/100px-Karnak_Psammetichus_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karnak_Psammetichus_III.jpg/150px-Karnak_Psammetichus_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karnak_Psammetichus_III.jpg/200px-Karnak_Psammetichus_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="492" /></a></span> </td> <td>Ankhkaenre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a> (<i>Psammetichus III</i>) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Amasis II</a>. Ruled for about six months before being defeated by the Persians in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pelusium_(525_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pelusium (525 BC)">Battle of Pelusium</a> and subsequently executed for attempting to revolt. </td> <td>526–525 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Seventh_Dynasty">Twenty-Seventh Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Twenty-Seventh Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>Egypt was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a> in 525 BC by king <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>, and remained Persian <a href="/wiki/Satrapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Satrapy">satrapy</a> for more than one hundred years until regaining independence in 404 BC. The <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_dynasty" title="Achaemenid dynasty">Achaemenid</a> <a href="/wiki/Shahanshahs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahanshahs">kings</a> were acknowledged as Pharaohs in this era, forming the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">27th Dynasty</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Throne name </th> <th width="10%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stela_Cambyses_Apis_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stela_Cambyses_Apis_closeup.jpg/100px-Stela_Cambyses_Apis_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stela_Cambyses_Apis_closeup.jpg/150px-Stela_Cambyses_Apis_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stela_Cambyses_Apis_closeup.jpg/200px-Stela_Cambyses_Apis_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="302" /></a></span> </td> <td>Mesutre </td> <td>Kembydjet (<i><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></i>) </td> <td>Defeated <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pelusium_(525_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pelusium (525 BC)">Battle of Pelusium</a> at 525 BC. </td> <td>525–1 July 522 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a> (<i>Smerdis</i>) / Gaumata </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>. </td> <td>522 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_isawnyu_-_Hibis,_Temple_Decorations_(III).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flickr_-_isawnyu_-_Hibis%2C_Temple_Decorations_%28III%29.jpg/100px-Flickr_-_isawnyu_-_Hibis%2C_Temple_Decorations_%28III%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flickr_-_isawnyu_-_Hibis%2C_Temple_Decorations_%28III%29.jpg/150px-Flickr_-_isawnyu_-_Hibis%2C_Temple_Decorations_%28III%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flickr_-_isawnyu_-_Hibis%2C_Temple_Decorations_%28III%29.jpg/200px-Flickr_-_isawnyu_-_Hibis%2C_Temple_Decorations_%28III%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td>Seteture </td> <td>Deriush (<i><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a></i>) </td> <td>Ascended throne by overthrowing <a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Gaumata</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>522–November 486 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xerxes_Image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Xerxes_Image.png/100px-Xerxes_Image.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Xerxes_Image.png/150px-Xerxes_Image.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Xerxes_Image.png/200px-Xerxes_Image.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="568" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Kheshayarusha (<i><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a></i>) </td> <td>Assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_of_Persia" title="Artabanus of Persia">Artabanus of Persia</a>. </td> <td>November 486–December 465 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_of_Persia" title="Artabanus of Persia">Artabanus</a> the <a href="/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania">Hyrcanian</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>465-464 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artaxerxes_I_at_Naqsh-e_Rostam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Artaxerxes_I_at_Naqsh-e_Rostam.jpg/100px-Artaxerxes_I_at_Naqsh-e_Rostam.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Artaxerxes_I_at_Naqsh-e_Rostam.jpg/150px-Artaxerxes_I_at_Naqsh-e_Rostam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Artaxerxes_I_at_Naqsh-e_Rostam.jpg/200px-Artaxerxes_I_at_Naqsh-e_Rostam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="1226" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Arutakhshashas (<i><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></i>) </td> <td>Died in 424 BC </td> <td>464–424 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_II" title="Xerxes II">Xerxes II</a> </td> <td>A claimant. </td> <td>424–423 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sogdianus" title="Sogdianus">Sogdianus</a> </td> <td>A claimant. </td> <td>423–July 423 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darius_II_(reduced_shadow).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Darius_II_%28reduced_shadow%29.jpg/100px-Darius_II_%28reduced_shadow%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Darius_II_%28reduced_shadow%29.jpg/150px-Darius_II_%28reduced_shadow%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Darius_II_%28reduced_shadow%29.jpg/200px-Darius_II_%28reduced_shadow%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darius_II_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius II of Persia">Darius II</a> </td> <td>Died in 404 BC </td> <td>July 423–March 404 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Several native rebellions took place during the 27th dynasty: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th>Personal name </th> <th>Comments </th> <th>Dates </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ignota_prov.,_pannello_decorativo_del_re_sehibra,_xxiii_dinastia,_823-716_ac..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ignota_prov.%2C_pannello_decorativo_del_re_sehibra%2C_xxiii_dinastia%2C_823-716_ac..JPG/100px-Ignota_prov.%2C_pannello_decorativo_del_re_sehibra%2C_xxiii_dinastia%2C_823-716_ac..JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ignota_prov.%2C_pannello_decorativo_del_re_sehibra%2C_xxiii_dinastia%2C_823-716_ac..JPG/150px-Ignota_prov.%2C_pannello_decorativo_del_re_sehibra%2C_xxiii_dinastia%2C_823-716_ac..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ignota_prov.%2C_pannello_decorativo_del_re_sehibra%2C_xxiii_dinastia%2C_823-716_ac..JPG/200px-Ignota_prov.%2C_pannello_decorativo_del_re_sehibra%2C_xxiii_dinastia%2C_823-716_ac..JPG 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="2121" /></a></span> </td> <td>Seheruibre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chronological_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronological-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>A native Egyptian rebel in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Delta</a>. </td> <td>522/21–520 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>Ahmose? Nebkaenre? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chronological_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronological-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. Exact date uncertain. </td> <td>Possibly in the 480s BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Eighth_Dynasty">Twenty-Eighth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Twenty-Eighth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-eighth dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-eighth Dynasty</a> lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one pharaoh: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amyrtaios_aramaic_papyrus_Sachau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Amyrtaios_aramaic_papyrus_Sachau.png/100px-Amyrtaios_aramaic_papyrus_Sachau.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Amyrtaios_aramaic_papyrus_Sachau.png/150px-Amyrtaios_aramaic_papyrus_Sachau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Amyrtaios_aramaic_papyrus_Sachau.png/200px-Amyrtaios_aramaic_papyrus_Sachau.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="877" /></a></span> </td> <td>Amunirdisu (<i><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></i>) </td> <td width="400">Descendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians. </td> <td>404–398 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-Ninth_Dynasty">Twenty-Ninth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Twenty-Ninth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-ninth Dynasty</a> ruled from 398 to 380 BC: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nefaarud_I_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nefaarud_I_Crop.jpg/100px-Nefaarud_I_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nefaarud_I_Crop.jpg/150px-Nefaarud_I_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nefaarud_I_Crop.jpg/200px-Nefaarud_I_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="4337" /></a></span> </td> <td>Baenre Merynetjeru </td> <td>Nefaarud I (<i><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></i>) </td> <td>Also known as Nepherites. Defeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed. </td> <td>398–393 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg/100px-Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg/150px-Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg/200px-Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="699" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khnemmaatre Setepenkhnemu </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a> (<i>Achoris</i>) </td> <td>Son of Nefaarud I. </td> <td>Around 392–around 391 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_29th_Dynasty_King_Psamuthis_LACMA_M.71.73.57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Statue_of_29th_Dynasty_King_Psamuthis_LACMA_M.71.73.57.jpg/99px-Statue_of_29th_Dynasty_King_Psamuthis_LACMA_M.71.73.57.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Statue_of_29th_Dynasty_King_Psamuthis_LACMA_M.71.73.57.jpg/149px-Statue_of_29th_Dynasty_King_Psamuthis_LACMA_M.71.73.57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Statue_of_29th_Dynasty_King_Psamuthis_LACMA_M.71.73.57.jpg/199px-Statue_of_29th_Dynasty_King_Psamuthis_LACMA_M.71.73.57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span> </td> <td>Userre Setepenptah </td> <td>Pasherienmut (<i><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></i>) </td> <td>Possibly dethroned Hakor for a year. </td> <td>Around 391 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg/100px-Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg/150px-Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg/200px-Statue_Achoris_Petrie_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="699" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khnemmaatre Setepenkhnemu </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a> (<i>Achoris</i>) </td> <td>Retook the throne from Psammuthes. </td> <td>Around 390–around 379 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>Nefaarud II (<i><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></i>) </td> <td>Was deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months. Son of Hakor. </td> <td>Around 379 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a> </td> <td>Possible pharaoh attested in Eusebius's epitome; not known archaeologically and his chronological placement is disputed. </td> <td>Possibly between 393 and 380 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thirtieth_Dynasty">Thirtieth Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Thirtieth Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty</a> ruled from 379/8 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 340 BC:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2006269–270_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2006269–270-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nectanebo_I_with_khepresh_crown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nectanebo_I_with_khepresh_crown.jpg/100px-Nectanebo_I_with_khepresh_crown.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nectanebo_I_with_khepresh_crown.jpg/150px-Nectanebo_I_with_khepresh_crown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nectanebo_I_with_khepresh_crown.jpg/200px-Nectanebo_I_with_khepresh_crown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="572" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kheperkare </td> <td>Nekhtnebef (<i><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></i>) </td> <td>Also known as Nekhtnebef. Deposed and likely killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of native Egyptians. Father of Teos. </td> <td>379/8–361/0 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragment_of_a_faience_saucer_inscribed_with_the_name_of_King_Teos_(Djedhor)._30th_Dynasty._From_the_Palace_of_Apries_at_Memphis,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fragment_of_a_faience_saucer_inscribed_with_the_name_of_King_Teos_%28Djedhor%29._30th_Dynasty._From_the_Palace_of_Apries_at_Memphis%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/100px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fragment_of_a_faience_saucer_inscribed_with_the_name_of_King_Teos_%28Djedhor%29._30th_Dynasty._From_the_Palace_of_Apries_at_Memphis%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/150px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Fragment_of_a_faience_saucer_inscribed_with_the_name_of_King_Teos_%28Djedhor%29._30th_Dynasty._From_the_Palace_of_Apries_at_Memphis%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/200px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3666" data-file-height="2760" /></a></span> </td> <td>Irimaatenre </td> <td>Djedher (<a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt"><i>Teos</i></a>) </td> <td>Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of <a href="/wiki/Agesilaus_II" title="Agesilaus II">Agesilaus II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. </td> <td>361/0–359/8 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg/100px-Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg/150px-Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg/200px-Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Snedjemibre Setepenanhur </td> <td>Nakhthorhebyt Merihathor (<i><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></i>) </td> <td>Last native ruler of ancient <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be recognized by Manetho. </td> <td>359/8–341/0 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thirty-First_Dynasty">Thirty-First Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Thirty-First Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-first dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-first dynasty of Egypt</a></div> <p>Egypt again came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_dynasty" title="Achaemenid dynasty">Achaemenid</a> Persians. After the practice of <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>, the Persian rulers from 340 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-first dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-first Dynasty</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artaxerxes_III_Pharao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Artaxerxes_III_Pharao.jpg/100px-Artaxerxes_III_Pharao.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Artaxerxes_III_Pharao.jpg/150px-Artaxerxes_III_Pharao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Artaxerxes_III_Pharao.jpg/200px-Artaxerxes_III_Pharao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="664" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> came under Persian rule for the second time. Did not adopt any pharaonic titulary. </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 341/339 – 338 BC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010192,_202_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010192,_202-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artaxerxes_IV_Arses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artaxerxes_IV_Arses.jpg/100px-Artaxerxes_IV_Arses.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artaxerxes_IV_Arses.jpg/150px-Artaxerxes_IV_Arses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artaxerxes_IV_Arses.jpg/200px-Artaxerxes_IV_Arses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_IV_Arses" class="mw-redirect" title="Artaxerxes IV Arses">Artaxerxes IV Arses</a> </td> <td>Only reigned in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>. Did not adopt any pharaonic titulary. </td> <td>338–336 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darius_III_of_Persia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Darius_III_of_Persia.jpg/100px-Darius_III_of_Persia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Darius_III_of_Persia.jpg/150px-Darius_III_of_Persia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Darius_III_of_Persia.jpg/200px-Darius_III_of_Persia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="865" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darius_III_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius III of Persia">Darius III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> returned to Persian control in 335 BC. His name, <i>Deriush</i>, was written in a cartouche as a pharaonic <i>nomen</i> would be. </td> <td>336–332 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Native rebellions again took place during the 31st dynasty: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th>Personal name </th> <th>Comments </th> <th>Dates </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg/100px-Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg/150px-Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg/200px-Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="239" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senensetepuniptah </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khababash" class="mw-redirect" title="Khababash">Khababash</a> </td> <td>Rebel pharaoh who led an invasion in <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>. </td> <td>338–335 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Hellenistic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argead_Dynasty">Argead Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Argead Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead dynasty</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greeks_(ancient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Greeks (ancient)">Macedonian Greeks</a> under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> ushered in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The <a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argeads</a> ruled from 332 to 309 BC: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_III_of_Macedon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alexander_III_of_Macedon.jpg/100px-Alexander_III_of_Macedon.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alexander_III_of_Macedon.jpg/150px-Alexander_III_of_Macedon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alexander_III_of_Macedon.jpg/200px-Alexander_III_of_Macedon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="358" /></a></span> </td> <td>Setpenre Meryamun </td> <td>Aluksindres (<i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></i>) </td> <td>Formally Alexander III of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> conquered <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. </td> <td>332–13 June 323 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9odule_Dev%C3%A9ria_(French)_-_(Close-up_of_a_Sculpture_(Profile_of_a_Head),_Karnak)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Th%C3%A9odule_Dev%C3%A9ria_%28French%29_-_%28Close-up_of_a_Sculpture_%28Profile_of_a_Head%29%2C_Karnak%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/100px-Th%C3%A9odule_Dev%C3%A9ria_%28French%29_-_%28Close-up_of_a_Sculpture_%28Profile_of_a_Head%29%2C_Karnak%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Th%C3%A9odule_Dev%C3%A9ria_%28French%29_-_%28Close-up_of_a_Sculpture_%28Profile_of_a_Head%29%2C_Karnak%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-Th%C3%A9odule_Dev%C3%A9ria_%28French%29_-_%28Close-up_of_a_Sculpture_%28Profile_of_a_Head%29%2C_Karnak%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Th%C3%A9odule_Dev%C3%A9ria_%28French%29_-_%28Close-up_of_a_Sculpture_%28Profile_of_a_Head%29%2C_Karnak%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Th%C3%A9odule_Dev%C3%A9ria_%28French%29_-_%28Close-up_of_a_Sculpture_%28Profile_of_a_Head%29%2C_Karnak%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3199" data-file-height="4342" /></a></span> </td> <td>Setpenre Meryamun </td> <td>Pelupuisa (<i><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip Arrhidaeus</a></i>) </td> <td width="400">Formally Philip III of Macedon. Mentally disabled half-brother of Alexander the Great. </td> <td>323–317 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandros_IV_Aigos_Budge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alexandros_IV_Aigos_Budge.png/100px-Alexandros_IV_Aigos_Budge.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alexandros_IV_Aigos_Budge.png/150px-Alexandros_IV_Aigos_Budge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alexandros_IV_Aigos_Budge.png/200px-Alexandros_IV_Aigos_Budge.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="194" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khaibre Setepenamun </td> <td>Aluksindres (<i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></i>) </td> <td>Formally Alexander IV of Macedon. Son of Alexander the Great and <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a>. </td> <td>317–309 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ptolemaic_Dynasty">Ptolemaic Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Ptolemaic Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></div> <p>The second <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> dynasty, the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemies</a>, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency). The most famous member of this dynasty was Cleopatra VII, in modern times known simply as <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a>, who was successively the consort of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and, after Caesar's death, of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>, having children with both of them. </p><p>Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome, but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Caesarion</a> (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Dynasty">Ptolemaic Dynasty</a> of Egypt, and he reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, after whom he was named. Between the alleged death of Cleopatra, on August 12, 30 BC, up to his own alleged death on August 23, 30 BC, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, but the historical evidence does not exist.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/100px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/150px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/200px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="4050" /></a></span> </td> <td>Setpenre Meryamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy I of Egypt">Ptolemy I Soter</a> </td> <td>Abdicated in 285 BC<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Ptolemy I's wikipedia page makes no mention of his abdication, instead stating that from 285 BC onwards his son Ptolemy II became co-ruler (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>7 November 305 – January 282 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oktadrachmon_Ptolemaios_II_Arsinoe_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oktadrachmon_Ptolemaios_II_Arsinoe_II.jpg/100px-Oktadrachmon_Ptolemaios_II_Arsinoe_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oktadrachmon_Ptolemaios_II_Arsinoe_II.jpg/150px-Oktadrachmon_Ptolemaios_II_Arsinoe_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oktadrachmon_Ptolemaios_II_Arsinoe_II.jpg/200px-Oktadrachmon_Ptolemaios_II_Arsinoe_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="313" /></a></span> </td> <td>Weserkare Meryamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy II of Egypt">Ptolemy II Philadelphos</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>28 March 284 – 28 January 246 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArsinoeII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ArsinoeII.jpg/100px-ArsinoeII.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ArsinoeII.jpg/150px-ArsinoeII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ArsinoeII.jpg/200px-ArsinoeII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="869" /></a></span> </td> <td>Khenem(et)ibenmaat Mer(et)netjru </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe II of Egypt">Arsinoe II</a> </td> <td>Wife of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II</a> </td> <td>c. 277 – July 270 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg/100px-Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg/150px-Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg/200px-Ptolemy_III_Euergetes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2898" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwaensenwinetjerwy Setepenre Sekhemankhenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy III of Egypt">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>28 January 246 – November/December 222 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BerenikeIIOnACoinOfPtolemyIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BerenikeIIOnACoinOfPtolemyIII.jpg/100px-BerenikeIIOnACoinOfPtolemyIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BerenikeIIOnACoinOfPtolemyIII.jpg/150px-BerenikeIIOnACoinOfPtolemyIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BerenikeIIOnACoinOfPtolemyIII.jpg/200px-BerenikeIIOnACoinOfPtolemyIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="869" /></a></span> </td> <td>Bereniket Meritnetjerou </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II</a> </td> <td>Wife of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III</a>. Murdered. </td> <td>244/243 – 222 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Octadrachm_Ptolemy_IV_BM_CMBMC33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Octadrachm_Ptolemy_IV_BM_CMBMC33.jpg/100px-Octadrachm_Ptolemy_IV_BM_CMBMC33.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Octadrachm_Ptolemy_IV_BM_CMBMC33.jpg/150px-Octadrachm_Ptolemy_IV_BM_CMBMC33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Octadrachm_Ptolemy_IV_BM_CMBMC33.jpg/200px-Octadrachm_Ptolemy_IV_BM_CMBMC33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="830" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwaennetjerwymenekhwy Setepenptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IV of Egypt">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a> </td> <td>Died in unclear circumstances, possibly by fire in the palace or murder. </td> <td>November/December 222 – July/August 204 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oktadrachmon_Berenike_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Oktadrachmon_Berenike_II.jpg/100px-Oktadrachmon_Berenike_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Oktadrachmon_Berenike_II.jpg/150px-Oktadrachmon_Berenike_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Oktadrachmon_Berenike_II.jpg/200px-Oktadrachmon_Berenike_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="339" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt" title="Arsinoe III of Egypt">Arsinoe III</a> </td> <td>Wife of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV</a>. Murdered. </td> <td>220–204 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetradrachm_Ptolemy_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tetradrachm_Ptolemy_V.jpg/100px-Tetradrachm_Ptolemy_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tetradrachm_Ptolemy_V.jpg/150px-Tetradrachm_Ptolemy_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tetradrachm_Ptolemy_V.jpg/200px-Tetradrachm_Ptolemy_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="810" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwaennetjerwymer(wy)it Setepenptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy V of Egypt">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> in revolt 207–186 BC </td> <td>July/August 204 – September 180 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleopatra_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cleopatra_I.jpg/100px-Cleopatra_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cleopatra_I.jpg/150px-Cleopatra_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cleopatra_I.jpg/200px-Cleopatra_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="1622" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hunu Zatheqa Iretenheqa Mereneterubaqet Kheqerenshenemu Tatetzat Huti Werpehti Sehertawi Redinesnebetirekhitenneferu Qenisinetnebzau Tenisiathoremmeruts </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a> </td> <td>Wife of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V</a>, co-regent with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI</a> during his minority </td> <td>c. February 193 – 176 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_(3rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE)_-_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg/100px-Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg/150px-Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg/200px-Ring_with_engraved_portrait_of_Ptolemy_VI_Philometor_%283rd%E2%80%932nd_century_BCE%29_-_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1499" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwaennetjerwyperu Setepenptahkheperi Irymaatamunre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy VI of Egypt">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a> </td> <td>Lived under the control of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII</a> 164 BC–163 BC; restored 163 BC Died 145 BC </td> <td>c. May 180 – October 164 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>and</i> <p>163 – c. July 145 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleopatra_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cleopatra_II.jpg/100px-Cleopatra_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cleopatra_II.jpg/150px-Cleopatra_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cleopatra_II.jpg/200px-Cleopatra_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="2402" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II</a> </td> <td>Wife of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI</a>. Married <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII</a> around 145 BC; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Later reconciled with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII</a>; co-ruled with <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII</a> until 116 BC. </td> <td>175 – October 164 BC <p><i>and</i> </p><p>163–127 BC </p><p><i>and</i> </p><p>124–116 BC </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_VIII_-_silver_didrachma_-_l%C3%ADc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ptolemy_VIII_-_silver_didrachma_-_l%C3%ADc.jpg/100px-Ptolemy_VIII_-_silver_didrachma_-_l%C3%ADc.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ptolemy_VIII_-_silver_didrachma_-_l%C3%ADc.jpg/150px-Ptolemy_VIII_-_silver_didrachma_-_l%C3%ADc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ptolemy_VIII_-_silver_didrachma_-_l%C3%ADc.jpg/200px-Ptolemy_VIII_-_silver_didrachma_-_l%C3%ADc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwaennetjerwyperwy Setepenptah Irymaatre Sekhemankhenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy VIII of Egypt">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a> </td> <td width="400">Proclaimed king by <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandrians</a> in 170 BC; ruled jointly with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy VI of Egypt">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a> from 169 to 164 BC. Restored 145–131 BC and again in 127 BC. Died 116 BC </td> <td>171–163 BC <p><i>and</i> </p><p>144–131 BC </p><p><i>and</i> </p><p>127–116 BC </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg/100px-Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg/150px-Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg/200px-Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> </td> <td>Panetjerhunu Meriyetef </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy VII of Egypt">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a> </td> <td>Proclaimed co-ruler by his father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II </td> <td>145–144 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleopatra_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cleopatra_III.jpg/100px-Cleopatra_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cleopatra_III.jpg/150px-Cleopatra_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cleopatra_III.jpg/200px-Cleopatra_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="2366" /></a></span> </td> <td>Nebtaoui Kanekhet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III</a> </td> <td width="400">Second wife of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII</a>. Restored with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII</a> in 127 BC; later co-regent with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Soter" title="Ptolemy IX Soter">Ptolemy IX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">X</a>. Murdered by her own son <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X</a>. </td> <td>142–131 BC <p><i>and</i> </p><p>127–107 BC </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg/100px-Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg/150px-Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg/200px-Coin_of_Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Memphites" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy Memphites">Ptolemy Memphites</a> </td> <td>Proclaimed King by <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a>; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII </td> <td>131 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edfu29.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Edfu29.JPG/100px-Edfu29.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Edfu29.JPG/150px-Edfu29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Edfu29.JPG/200px-Edfu29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwa(en)netjermenekhnetjeretmeretmutesnedjet(et) Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhemankhamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX of Egypt">Ptolemy IX Soter</a> </td> <td>Died 80 BC </td> <td>28 June 116–October 110 BC <p>and 88-81 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra IV of Egypt">Cleopatra IV</a> </td> <td>Briefly married to <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Soter" title="Ptolemy IX Soter">Ptolemy IX</a>, but was pushed out by <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a>. Later murdered. </td> <td>28 June 116–115 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I_Louvre_Ma970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I_Louvre_Ma970.jpg/100px-Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I_Louvre_Ma970.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I_Louvre_Ma970.jpg/150px-Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I_Louvre_Ma970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I_Louvre_Ma970.jpg/200px-Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I_Louvre_Ma970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3790" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwa(en)netjermenekhenetjeretmenkhetre Setepenptah Irimaatre Senenankhenamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy X of Egypt">Ptolemy X Alexander</a> </td> <td>Died 88 BC </td> <td>October 110–February 109 BC <p>and 107-88 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berenice_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Berenice_III.jpg/100px-Berenice_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Berenice_III.jpg/150px-Berenice_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Berenice_III.jpg/200px-Berenice_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="1881" /></a></span> </td> <td>Kliapadrat Bereniket </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III</a> </td> <td>Forced to marry <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI</a>; murdered on his orders 19 days later </td> <td>81–80 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemaeus_XI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ptolemaeus_XI.png/100px-Ptolemaeus_XI.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ptolemaeus_XI.png/150px-Ptolemaeus_XI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Ptolemaeus_XI.png 2x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="163" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XI of Egypt">Ptolemy XI Alexander</a> </td> <td width="400">Young son of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander</a>; installed by <a href="/wiki/Sulla" title="Sulla">Sulla</a>; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing <a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a> </td> <td>80 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_XII_Auletes_Louvre_Ma3449.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes_Louvre_Ma3449.jpg/100px-Ptolemy_XII_Auletes_Louvre_Ma3449.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes_Louvre_Ma3449.jpg/150px-Ptolemy_XII_Auletes_Louvre_Ma3449.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes_Louvre_Ma3449.jpg/200px-Ptolemy_XII_Auletes_Louvre_Ma3449.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3636" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwaenpanetjernehem Setepenptah Irimaatenre Sekhemankhamen </td> <td width="200"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XII of Egypt">Ptolemy XII Auletes</a> </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Soter" title="Ptolemy IX Soter">Ptolemy IX</a>; deposed in 58 BC Reigned briefly with his daughter <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> before his death in 51 BC </td> <td>80–58 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><i>and</i> </p><p>55–51 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ra80-HDD-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ra80-HDD-b.jpg/100px-Ra80-HDD-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ra80-HDD-b.jpg/150px-Ra80-HDD-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ra80-HDD-b.jpg/200px-Ra80-HDD-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra V of Egypt">Cleopatra V Tryphaena</a> </td> <td>Wife of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV" title="Berenice IV">Berenice IV</a> </td> <td>79–68 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ra80-HDD-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ra80-HDD-b.jpg/100px-Ra80-HDD-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ra80-HDD-b.jpg/150px-Ra80-HDD-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ra80-HDD-b.jpg/200px-Ra80-HDD-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI of Egypt">Cleopatra VI</a> </td> <td>Daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII</a>, but theorised by some Egyptologists to actually be the same person as <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>58–57 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berenice_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Berenice_IV.jpg/100px-Berenice_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Berenice_IV.jpg/150px-Berenice_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Berenice_IV.jpg/200px-Berenice_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="1865" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV</a> </td> <td width="400">Daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII</a>; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but had him strangled. Joint rule with <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI" title="Cleopatra VI">Cleopatra VI</a> until 57 BC. </td> <td>58–55 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg/100px-Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg/150px-Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg/200px-Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="1523" /></a></span> </td> <td>Weretnebetneferu Akhetzeh </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> </td> <td width="400">Ruled jointly with her father <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII</a>, her brother <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII</a>, her brother-husband <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV</a>, and her son <a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV</a>. In modern usage, the stand-alone use of "Cleopatra" with no ordinal number usually refers to <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a>. Committed suicide. </td> <td>31 May 52<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 12 August 30 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart83_145-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Portrait_of_Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Portrait_of_Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Portrait_of_Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIII of Egypt">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a> </td> <td>Brother and first husband of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> </td> <td>51–13 January 47 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Liberation_of_Arsinoe_-_WGA22667.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Liberation_of_Arsinoe_-_WGA22667.jpg/100px-Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Liberation_of_Arsinoe_-_WGA22667.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Liberation_of_Arsinoe_-_WGA22667.jpg/150px-Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Liberation_of_Arsinoe_-_WGA22667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Liberation_of_Arsinoe_-_WGA22667.jpg/200px-Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Liberation_of_Arsinoe_-_WGA22667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe IV of Egypt">Arsinoe IV</a> </td> <td>In opposition to <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> </td> <td>December 48 – January 47 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_XIV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ptolemy_XIV.jpg/100px-Ptolemy_XIV.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Ptolemy_XIV.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="143" /></a></span> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a> </td> <td>Younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII</a> </td> <td>13 January 47–26 July 44 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg/100px-Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg/150px-Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg/200px-Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="510" /></a></span> </td> <td>Iwapanetjernetynehem Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhem(ankh)enamun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesar</a> </td> <td>Infant son of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a>; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra. Last known ruler of ancient <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> when <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> took over. </td> <td>2 September 44 – August 30 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Native rebellions also took place under Greek rule: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Image </th> <th>Throne name </th> <th width="15%">Personal name </th> <th width="50%">Comments </th> <th width="20%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugronaphor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugronaphor">Hugronaphor</a> </td> <td>Revolutionary pharaoh in the South </td> <td>205–199 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankhmakis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankhmakis">Ankhmakis</a> </td> <td>Revolutionary pharaoh in the South </td> <td>199–185 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harsiesi" title="Harsiesi">Harsiesi</a> </td> <td>Revolutionary pharaoh in the South </td> <td>131–130 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rome">Rome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">Roman pharaoh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luxor.Aswan_%26_Qena_10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Luxor.Aswan_%26_Qena_10.JPG/220px-Luxor.Aswan_%26_Qena_10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Luxor.Aswan_%26_Qena_10.JPG/330px-Luxor.Aswan_%26_Qena_10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Luxor.Aswan_%26_Qena_10.JPG/440px-Luxor.Aswan_%26_Qena_10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Egyptian relief depicting the Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> (right, reigned 98–117 AD) in full pharaonic style.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> had <a href="/wiki/Affair" title="Affair">affairs</a> with Roman dictator <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and Roman general <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Antonius">Mark Antony</a>, but it was not until after her suicide (after Mark Antony was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Octavian</a>, who would later be Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Caesar">Augustus Caesar</a>) that Egypt became a province of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman Republic</a> in 30 BC. Subsequent Roman emperors were accorded the title of pharaoh, although exclusively only while in Egypt. </p><p>The last Roman emperor to be conferred the title of pharaoh was <a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a> (reigned 311–313 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/28px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/42px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/30px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/45px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/60px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Egyptian chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt" title="History of Egypt">History of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Egyptian_Royal_Consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ancient Egyptian Royal Consorts">List of Ancient Egyptian Royal Consorts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Clayton_217-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clayton_217_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clayton_217_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Cla95">Clayton 1995</a>, p. 217. "Although paying lip-service to the old ideas and religion, in varying degrees, pharaonic Egypt had in effect died with the last native pharaoh, Nectanebo II in 343 BC"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999" class="citation book cs1">von Beckerath, Jürgen (1999). <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i>. Verlag Philipp von Zabern. pp. 266–267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-422-00832-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-422-00832-8"><bdi>978-3-422-00832-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+%C3%A4gyptischen+K%C3%B6nigsnamen&rft.pages=266-267&rft.pub=Verlag+Philipp+von+Zabern&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-422-00832-8&rft.aulast=von+Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt//">"Digital Egypt for Universities"</a>. <i>www.ucl.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ucl.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Digital+Egypt+for+Universities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fmuseums-static%2Fdigitalegypt%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby A. H. Wilkinson: <i>Royal Annals Of Ancient Egypt</i>. Routledge, London 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-136-60247-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-136-60247-X">1-136-60247-X</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby A. H. Wilkinson: <i>Royal Annals Of Ancient Egypt</i>. Routledge, London 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-136-60247-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-136-60247-X">1-136-60247-X</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-josep-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-josep_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCervello-Autuori2003" class="citation book cs1">Cervello-Autuori, Josep (2003). "Narmer, Menes and the Seals from Abydos". In <a href="/wiki/Zahi_Hawass" title="Zahi Hawass">Hawass, Zahi</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pJ48YP14qZQC"><i>Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century: Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptologists, 2000</i></a>. Vol. 2. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. pp. 168–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-424-714-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-424-714-9"><bdi>978-977-424-714-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Narmer%2C+Menes+and+the+Seals+from+Abydos&rft.btitle=Egyptology+at+the+Dawn+of+the+Twenty-first+Century%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Eighth+International+Congress+of+Egyptologists%2C+2000&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pages=168-75&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-977-424-714-9&rft.aulast=Cervello-Autuori&rft.aufirst=Josep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpJ48YP14qZQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_Schneider_2002,_p._137-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002,_p._137_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002,_p._137_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilke2015" class="citation cs2">Wilke, Matthias (2015-04-22), "Emanuel Hirsch (1888 –1972) – "Jene zwei Göttinger Stiftsinspektorenjahre haben die Liebe zu Göttingen für immer in mir erweckt […] Aber […]", <i>Stiftsgeschichte(n)</i>, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pp. 187–196, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13109%2F9783666570377.187">10.13109/9783666570377.187</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-57037-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-57037-1"><bdi>978-3-525-57037-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stiftsgeschichte%28n%29&rft.atitle=Emanuel+Hirsch+%281888+%E2%80%931972%29+%E2%80%93+%22Jene+zwei+G%C3%B6ttinger+Stiftsinspektorenjahre+haben+die+Liebe+zu+G%C3%B6ttingen+f%C3%BCr+immer+in+mir+erweckt+%5B%E2%80%A6%5D+Aber+%5B%E2%80%A6%5D&rft.pages=187-196&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13109%2F9783666570377.187&rft.isbn=978-3-525-57037-1&rft.aulast=Wilke&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Felde, Rolf: Gottheiten, Pharaonen und Beamte im alten Ägypten, Norderstedt 2017, S. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kemp233-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kemp233_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kemp233_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kemp233_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kemp233_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Kemp (a1), Andrew Boyce and James Harrell, <i>The Colossi from the Early Shrine at Coptos in Egypt</i>, in: <i>Cambridge Archaeological Journal</i> Volume 10, Issue 2 April 2000, 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltenmüllerKloth2008" class="citation book cs1">Altenmüller, Hartwig; Kloth, Nicole (January 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CsB4DwAAQBAJ&q=Michael+H%C3%B6veler-M%C3%BCller%3A+Zu+den+fr%C3%BChzeitlichen+K%C3%B6nigen+%E2%80%9EFingerschnecke%E2%80%9C+und+%E2%80%9EFisch%E2%80%9C+aus+dem+Grab+U-j+in+Umm+el-Qaab.+In%3A+Studien+zu+Alt%C3%A4gyptischen+Kultur%7CStudien&pg=PA159"><i>Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur Band 37</i></a>. Helmut Buske Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-87548-937-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-87548-937-8"><bdi>978-3-87548-937-8</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studien+zur+Alt%C3%A4gyptischen+Kultur+Band+37&rft.pub=Helmut+Buske+Verlag&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-3-87548-937-8&rft.aulast=Altenm%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Hartwig&rft.au=Kloth%2C+Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCsB4DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DMichael%2BH%25C3%25B6veler-M%25C3%25BCller%253A%2BZu%2Bden%2Bfr%25C3%25BChzeitlichen%2BK%25C3%25B6nigen%2B%25E2%2580%259EFingerschnecke%25E2%2580%259C%2Bund%2B%25E2%2580%259EFisch%25E2%2580%259C%2Baus%2Bdem%2BGrab%2BU-j%2Bin%2BUmm%2Bel-Qaab.%2BIn%253A%2BStudien%2Bzu%2BAlt%25C3%25A4gyptischen%2BKultur%257CStudien%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ludwig David Morenz: Bild-Buchstaben und symbolische Zeichen. Die Herausbildung der Schrift der hohen Kultur Altägyptens (= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 205). Fribourg 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7278-1486-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7278-1486-1">3-7278-1486-1</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-9248184.html">"Aufstand gegen den Tod"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 24 December 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Aufstand+gegen+den+Tod&rft.date=1995-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-9248184.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nefershapiland.de/pharaonenliste%201.htm">"Pharaonenliste 1"</a>. <i>nefershapiland.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nefershapiland.de&rft.atitle=Pharaonenliste+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnefershapiland.de%2Fpharaonenliste%25201.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Günter Dreyer: <i>Horus Krokodil, ein Gegenkönig der Dynastie 0.</i> In: <i>Renee Friedman and Barbara Adams (Hrsg.): The Followers of Horus, Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, 1949–1990</i> (= <i>Egyptian Studies Association Publication</i>, vol. 2). Oxbow Publications, Bloomington (IN) 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946897-44-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-946897-44-1">0-946897-44-1</a>, p. 259–263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene. In: Bulletin de L'Institute Français D'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 112. Ausgabe 2012, S. 381–395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen von Beckerath: <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i> (= <i>Münchner ägyptologische Studien</i>, vol. 49. von Zabern, Mainz 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-2591-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-2591-6">3-8053-2591-6</a>, p. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby Wilkinson: <i>Early Dynastic Egypt: Strategy, Society and Security</i>. Routeledge, London 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-18633-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-18633-1">0-415-18633-1</a>, p. 38, 56 & 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart77-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stewart77_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2006" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, John (2006). <i>African States and Rulers</i> (Third ed.). London: McFarland. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2562-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2562-8"><bdi>0-7864-2562-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+States+and+Rulers&rft.place=London&rft.pages=77&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7864-2562-8&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart81-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart81_31-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2006" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, John (2006). <i>African States and Rulers</i> (Third ed.). London: McFarland. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2562-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2562-8"><bdi>0-7864-2562-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+States+and+Rulers&rft.place=London&rft.pages=81&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7864-2562-8&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_BLOXAMWouter_CLAESTiphaine_DACHYMaude_EHRENFELD2014" class="citation journal cs1">Elizabeth BLOXAM; Wouter CLAES; Tiphaine DACHY; Maude EHRENFELD; Ashraf EL-SENUSSI; Chloé GIRARDI; James HARRELL; Thomas C. HEAGY; Stan HENDRICKX; Christiane HOCHSTRASSER-PETIT; Dirk HUYGE; Clara JEUTHE; Adel KELANY; Christian KNOBLAUCH; Béatrix MIDANT-REYNES; Norah MOLONEY; Aurélie ROCHE; Adel TOHAMEY (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/arnil_1161-0492_2014_num_24_1_1071.pdf">"Who Was Menes?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Archéo nil</i>. <b>24</b>: 59–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Farnil.2014.1071">10.3406/arnil.2014.1071</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248280047">248280047</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arch%C3%A9o+nil&rft.atitle=Who+Was+Menes%3F&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=59-92&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Farnil.2014.1071&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248280047%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Elizabeth+BLOXAM&rft.au=Wouter+CLAES&rft.au=Tiphaine+DACHY&rft.au=Maude+EHRENFELD&rft.au=Ashraf+EL-SENUSSI&rft.au=Chlo%C3%A9+GIRARDI&rft.au=James+HARRELL&rft.au=Thomas+C.+HEAGY&rft.au=Stan+HENDRICKX&rft.au=Christiane+HOCHSTRASSER-PETIT&rft.au=Dirk+HUYGE&rft.au=Clara+JEUTHE&rft.au=Adel+KELANY&rft.au=Christian+KNOBLAUCH&rft.au=B%C3%A9atrix+MIDANT-REYNES&rft.au=Norah+MOLONEY&rft.au=Aur%C3%A9lie+ROCHE&rft.au=Adel+TOHAMEY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2FdocAsPDF%2Farnil_1161-0492_2014_num_24_1_1071.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_71-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_71_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_71_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Helck: <i>Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit</i> (= <i>Ägyptologische Abhandlungen (ÄA)</i>, Vol. 45). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-447-02677-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-447-02677-4">3-447-02677-4</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-helck-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-helck_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-helck_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Helck" title="Wolfgang Helck">Wolfgang Helck</a>: <i>Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit (Agyptologische Abhandlungen)</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-447-02677-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-447-02677-4">3-447-02677-4</a>, O. Harrassowitz (1987), p. 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_75-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_75_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_75_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuilesTristant2023" class="citation journal cs1">Quiles, Anita; Tristant, Yann (April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822223000152/type/journal_article">"Radiocarbon-Based Modeling of the Reign of King Den (1st Dynasty, Egypt) and the Start of the Old Kingdom"</a>. <i>Radiocarbon</i>. <b>65</b> (2): 485–504. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023Radcb..65..485Q">2023Radcb..65..485Q</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FRDC.2023.15">10.1017/RDC.2023.15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-8222">0033-8222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiocarbon&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon-Based+Modeling+of+the+Reign+of+King+Den+%281st+Dynasty%2C+Egypt%29+and+the+Start+of+the+Old+Kingdom&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=485-504&rft.date=2023-04&rft.issn=0033-8222&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FRDC.2023.15&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023Radcb..65..485Q&rft.aulast=Quiles&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft.au=Tristant%2C+Yann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0033822223000152%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolas-Christophe Grimal: <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Blackwell, Oxford UK / Cambridge USA 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8">978-0-631-19396-8</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson (1999) pp. 83–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toby_A.H._Wilkinson_1999_83_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietrich Wildung: <i>Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien.</i> In: <i>Münchener Ägyptologische Studien</i>, vol. 17. <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Kunstverlag" title="Deutscher Kunstverlag">Deutscher Kunstverlag</a>, Munich/Berlin 1969, p. 31–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson (1999) p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson (1999) pp. 87–88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pascal Vernus, Jean Yoyotte, <i>The Book of the Pharaohs</i>, Cornell University Press 2003, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen von Beckerath: <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i>. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich/Berlin 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-422-00832-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-422-00832-2">3-422-00832-2</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby A. H. Wilkinson: <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge, London/New York 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-134-66420-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-134-66420-6">1-134-66420-6</a>, p. 75–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen von Beckerath: <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen. 2. verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage</i>. von Zabern, Mainz 1999, S. 44–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen.</i> Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, page 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby_A.H._Wilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Toby A.H. Wilkinson (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26011-6"><bdi>0-415-26011-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-26011-6&rft.au=Toby+A.H.+Wilkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Toby (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>. Routledge. pp. 83 & 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-18633-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-18633-1"><bdi>0-415-18633-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.pages=83+%26+95&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-18633-1&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Toby. <i>Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt</i>. pp. 79 & 258.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Annals+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=79+%26+258&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timelineindex.com/content/select/1886/1023,837,1886">"Pharaohs - Timeline Index"</a>. <i>www.timelineindex.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timelineindex.com&rft.atitle=Pharaohs+-+Timeline+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timelineindex.com%2Fcontent%2Fselect%2F1886%2F1023%2C837%2C1886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clayton (1994) p.32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehner1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lehner, Mark (1997). <i>Geheimnis der Pyramiden</i> (in German). Düsseldorf: Econ. pp. 94–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-572-01039-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-572-01039-X"><bdi>3-572-01039-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geheimnis+der+Pyramiden&rft.place=D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft.pages=94-96&rft.pub=Econ&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-572-01039-X&rft.aulast=Lehner&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clayton (1994) p.42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a>, pp. 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Verner" title="Miroslav Verner">Miroslav Verner</a> (2000): "Who was Shepseskara, and when did he reign?", in: Miroslav Bárta, Jaromír Krejčí (editors): <i>Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000</i>, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute, Prague, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-85425-39-4" title="Special:BookSources/80-85425-39-4">80-85425-39-4</a>, p. 581–602, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf">available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201084444/http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-02-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodson & Hilton (2004) p.73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryholt & Bardrum (2000) pp.87–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beck-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beck_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">Jürgen von Beckerath</a>: <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i>, Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-2591-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-2591-6">3-8053-2591-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafire.com/view/?4xjd6j4qed3c9vl">available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222200801/http://www.mediafire.com/view/?4xjd6j4qed3c9vl">Archived</a> 2015-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryholt2000-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ryholt2000_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Kim Ryholt</a>: "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris", <i>Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</i>, 127, 2000, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamal1912" class="citation journal cs1">Kamal, Ahmed Bey (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalesduservice12egypuoft/annalesduservice12egypuoft/page/132/mode/2up">"Annales du Service des antiquités de l'Egypte"</a>. <i>Journal des savants</i>. <b>12</b>: 132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fjds.1913.4146">10.3406/jds.1913.4146</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8103">0021-8103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+des+savants&rft.atitle=Annales+du+Service+des+antiquit%C3%A9s+de+l%27Egypte.&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=132&rft.date=1912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fjds.1913.4146&rft.issn=0021-8103&rft.aulast=Kamal&rft.aufirst=Ahmed+Bey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannalesduservice12egypuoft%2Fannalesduservice12egypuoft%2Fpage%2F132%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gustave Jéquier, Maṣlaḥat al-Āthār (1993): <i>Les pyramides des reines Neit et Apouit</i> (in French), Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, OCLC 195690029, see plate 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Newberry" title="Percy Newberry">Percy Newberry</a> (1943): "Queen Nitocris of the Sixth Dynasty", in: <i>The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i>, vol. 29, pp=51–54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gae Callender: "Queen Neit-ikrety/Nitokris", in: Miroslav Barta, Filip Coppens, Jaromic Krecji (editors): <i>Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2010/1</i>, Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-384-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-384-7">978-80-7308-384-7</a>, see pp. 249–250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ancient_Egypt_dot_org-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_Egypt_dot_org_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_Egypt_dot_org_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancient-egypt.org/index.html">Turin Kinglist, Columns IV,18 to V,10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancient-egypt.org/">Ancient Egypt dot org</a>. Accessed 10 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepsius1859" class="citation book cs1">Lepsius, Karl (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/denkmaler-aus-aegypten-und-aethiopien/denkmaeler-4/mode/2up"><i>Denkmaler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien</i></a>. pp. 115h.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Denkmaler+aus+Aegypten+und+Aethiopien&rft.pages=115h&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Lepsius&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdenkmaler-aus-aegypten-und-aethiopien%2Fdenkmaeler-4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreasted1906" class="citation book cs1">Breasted, James (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/14896.pdf"><i>Ancient Records of Egypt</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 1. The University of Chicago Press. p. 175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Records+of+Egypt.&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Breasted&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetana.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcoretexts%2F14896.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGauthier1907" class="citation book cs1">Gauthier, Henri (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MIFAO17/mode/2up"><i>MIFAO 17 Le livre des rois d'Egypte Des origines à la fin de la XIIe dynastie</i></a>. The French Institute of Oriental Archeology. pp. 143–144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MIFAO+17+Le+livre+des+rois+d%27Egypte+Des+origines+%C3%A0+la+fin+de+la+XIIe+dynastie&rft.pages=143-144&rft.pub=The+French+Institute+of+Oriental+Archeology&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Gauthier&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMIFAO17%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouyatMontet1912" class="citation book cs1">Couyat, Jean; Montet, Pierre (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia801207.us.archive.org/27/items/MIFAO34/MIFAO34.pdf"><i>MIFAO 34 Les inscriptions hieroglyphiques et hieratiques du Ouâdi Hammâmât</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The French Institute of Oriental Archeology. pp. 96, 103–104 Plate=XXXIX.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MIFAO+34+Les+inscriptions+hieroglyphiques+et+hieratiques+du+Ou%C3%A2di+Hamm%C3%A2m%C3%A2t&rft.pages=96%2C+103-104+Plate%3DXXXIX&rft.pub=The+French+Institute+of+Oriental+Archeology&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Couyat&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Montet%2C+Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia801207.us.archive.org%2F27%2Fitems%2FMIFAO34%2FMIFAO34.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell (2008). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs. Predynastic to the Twentieth Century: 3300-1069 BC</i>. Vol. 1. Stacey International. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9"><bdi>978-1-905299-37-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs.+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+3300-1069+BC&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Stacey+International&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905299-37-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchenkel1965" class="citation book cs1">Schenkel, Wolfgang (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/schenkel1965a"><i>Memphis Herakleopolis Theben Die Epigraphischen Zeugnisse Der 7.-11. Dynastie Ägyptens</i></a>. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 27–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memphis+Herakleopolis+Theben+Die+Epigraphischen+Zeugnisse+Der+7.-11.+Dynastie+%C3%84gyptens&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=27-28&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Schenkel&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fdiglit%2Fschenkel1965a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encycloBunson-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encycloBunson_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret Bunson: <i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt</i>, Infobase Publishing, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0997-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0997-8">978-1-4381-0997-8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-reading.ws/bookreader.php/142072/Encyclopedia_of_ancient_Egypt.pdf">available online, see p. 181</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Labib_Habachi" title="Labib Habachi">Labib Habachi</a>: <i>King Nebhepetre Menthuhotep: his monuments, place in history, deification and unusual representations in form of gods</i>, in: <i>Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte</i> 19 (1963), pp. 16–52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Grajetzki" title="Wolfram Grajetzki">Wolfram Grajetzki</a> (2006) pp. 23–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Grajetzki" title="Wolfram Grajetzki">Wolfram Grajetzki</a> (2006) pp. 25–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Grajetzki" title="Wolfram Grajetzki">Wolfram Grajetzki</a> (2006) pp. 27–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk//chronology/amenemhatI.html">http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk//chronology/amenemhatI.html</a> Amenemhat I</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Grajetzki" title="Wolfram Grajetzki">Wolfram Grajetzki</a> (2006) pp. 28–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_98_92-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley Blackwell. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley Blackwell. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murnane (1977) p.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=391&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 112–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=112-113&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murnane (1977) p.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_109-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_109_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marc_Van_De_Mieroop_2021_109_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley Blackwell. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murnane (1977) p.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley Blackwell. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josef Wegner, <i>The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret III–Amenemhat III Regnal Succession: Some Considerations based on new evidence from the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos</i>, JNES 55, Vol.4, (1996), pp.251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 398. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley Blackwell. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Grajetzki" title="Wolfram Grajetzki">Wolfram Grajetzki</a> (2006) pp. 56–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/amenemhatIII.html">"Amenemhat III"</a>. University College London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amenemhat+III&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fmuseums-static%2Fdigitalegypt%2Fchronology%2FamenemhatIII.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/amenemhatIV.html">"Amenemhat IV Maakherure (1807/06-1798/97 BC)"</a>. <i>Digital Egypt for Universities</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Egypt+for+Universities&rft.atitle=Amenemhat+IV+Maakherure+%281807%2F06-1798%2F97+BC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk%2Fchronology%2FamenemhatIV.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grajetzki (2006) pp. 61–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 456. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=456&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryholt1997-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt1997_113-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. S. B. Ryholt, <i>The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC</i>, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_Schneider_2002-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Schneider_2002_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>, Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-96053-3">3-491-96053-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider: <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i>, Albatros, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryholt-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_116-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">K.S.B. Ryholt</a>: <i>The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period</i>, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlin-Tomich2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ilin-Tomich, Alexander (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72q561r2">"Second Intermediate Period"</a>. <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>: 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Encyclopedia+of+Egyptology&rft.atitle=Second+Intermediate+Period&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Ilin-Tomich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F72q561r2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt//chronology/2interkings/kings2intermediateryholt.html">"Kings of the 2nd Intermediate Period"</a>. <i>www.ucl.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ucl.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Kings+of+the+2nd+Intermediate+Period&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fmuseums-static%2Fdigitalegypt%2F%2Fchronology%2F2interkings%2Fkings2intermediateryholt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclo-p4-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclo-p4_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclo-p4_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC</i>. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-221-3"><bdi>978-977-416-221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs+Volume+1%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300-1069+BC&rft.place=Egypt&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-221-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Detlef_Franke" title="Detlef Franke">Detlef Franke</a>: "Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches. 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Wiley Blackwell. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley Blackwell. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-62087-7"><bdi>978-1-119-62087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-119-62087-7&rft.au=Marc+Van+De+Mieroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Van_De_Mieroop2021" class="citation book cs1">Marc Van De Mieroop (2021). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. 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University College London. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Egypt&rft.atitle=Ramesses+I+Menpehtire&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk%2Fchronology%2Framsesi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/merenptah.html">"King Merenptah"</a>. <i>Digital Egypt</i>. University College London. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: McFarland. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89950-390-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89950-390-X"><bdi>0-89950-390-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+States+and+Rulers&rft.place=London&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-89950-390-X&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/lateperiodkings.html">"Late Period Kings"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Late+Period+Kings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk%2Fchronology%2Flateperiodkings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart83-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart83_145-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2006" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, John (2006). <i>African States and Rulers</i> (Third ed.). London: McFarland. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2562-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2562-8"><bdi>0-7864-2562-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+States+and+Rulers&rft.place=London&rft.pages=83&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7864-2562-8&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronological-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronological_146-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronological_146-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Placed in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1994">Lloyd 1994</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2006269–270-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2006269–270_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepuydt2006">Depuydt 2006</a>, pp. 269–270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/nakhthorbyt.html">"Nakhthorhebyt"</a>. Digital Egypt for Universities<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakhthorhebyt&rft.pub=Digital+Egypt+for+Universities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk%2Fchronology%2Fnakhthorbyt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010192,_202-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010192,_202_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepuydt2010">Depuydt 2010</a>, pp. 192, 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyldesley2006" class="citation cs2">Tyldesley, Joyce (2006), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofqueen00tyld/page/200"><i>Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt</i></a></span>, WW Norton, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofqueen00tyld/page/200">200</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05145-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05145-3"><bdi>0-500-05145-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Queens+of+Egypt&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=WW+Norton&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-500-05145-3&rft.aulast=Tyldesley&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronicleofqueen00tyld%2Fpage%2F200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoller2010" class="citation book cs1">Roller, Duane W. (2010). <i>Cleopatra: a Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-195-36553-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-195-36553-5"><bdi>978-0-195-36553-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+a+Biography&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-195-36553-5&rft.aulast=Roller&rft.aufirst=Duane+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVernusYoyotte2003" class="citation book cs1">Vernus, Pascal; Yoyotte, Jean (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780801440502"><i>The Book of the Pharaohs</i></a></span>. Cornell University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780801440502/page/238">238</a>–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4050-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4050-2"><bdi>978-0-8014-4050-2</bdi></a>. <q>maximinus pharaoh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Pharaohs&rft.pages=238-256&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-4050-2&rft.aulast=Vernus&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft.au=Yoyotte%2C+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780801440502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted" title="James Henry Breasted">Breasted, J. H.</a>, <i>History of Egypt from the Earliest Time to the Persian Conquest</i>, 1909</li> <li>Cerny, J. 'Egypt from the Death of Ramesses III to the End of the Twenty-First Dynasty' in: <i>The Middle East and the Aegean Region c.1380–1000 BC</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1975 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-08691-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-08691-4">0-521-08691-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Cla95" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay"><i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt</i></a>. The Chronicles Series (Reprinted ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3"><bdi>978-0-500-05074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs%3A+The+Reign-by-Reign+Record+of+the+Rulers+and+Dynasties+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Chronicles+Series&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-500-05074-3&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronicleofphara00clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepuydt2006" class="citation book cs1">Depuydt, Leo (2006). "Saite and Persian Egypt, 664 BC–332 BC". In Erik Hornung; Rolf Krauss; David A. Warburton (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia802907.us.archive.org/32/items/AncientEgyptianChronology_201303/Ancient%20Egyptian%20chronology.pdf"><i>Ancient Egyptian Chronology</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leiden: Brill. pp. 265–283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11385-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11385-5"><bdi>978-90-04-11385-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saite+and+Persian+Egypt%2C+664+BC%E2%80%93332+BC&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Chronology&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=265-283&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11385-5&rft.aulast=Depuydt&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia802907.us.archive.org%2F32%2Fitems%2FAncientEgyptianChronology_201303%2FAncient%2520Egyptian%2520chronology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepuydt2010" class="citation journal cs1">Depuydt, Leo (2010). "New Date for the Second Persian Conquest, End of Pharaonic and Manethonian Egypt: 340/39 B.C.E.". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Egyptian_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Egyptian History (page does not exist)">Journal of Egyptian History</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2): 191–230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F187416610X541709">10.1163/187416610X541709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Egyptian+History&rft.atitle=New+Date+for+the+Second+Persian+Conquest%2C+End+of+Pharaonic+and+Manethonian+Egypt%3A+340%2F39+B.C.E.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=191-230&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F187416610X541709&rft.aulast=Depuydt&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. <i>The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt</i>. Thames & Hudson. 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05128-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05128-3">0-500-05128-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner">Gardiner, Sir Alan</a>, <i>Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs</i>, Third Edition, Revised. London: Oxford University Press, 1964. Excursus A, pp. 71–76.</li> <li>Grimal, Nicolas, <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>, Blackwell Books: 1992</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1994" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd, Alan B. (1994). "Egypt, 404–332 B.C.". In <a href="/wiki/David_Malcolm_Lewis" title="David Malcolm Lewis">D.M. Lewis</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Boardman_(art_historian)" title="John Boardman (art historian)">John Boardman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Hornblower" title="Simon Hornblower">Simon Hornblower</a> & <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ostwald" title="Martin Ostwald">M. Ostwald</a> (eds.). <a href="//archive.org/details/iB_Ca/06/page/n373" class="extiw" title="iarchive:iB Ca/06/page/n373"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History VI: The Fourth Century B.C.</i></a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 337–360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23348-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23348-8"><bdi>0-521-23348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Egypt%2C+404%E2%80%93332+B.C.&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History+VI%3A+The+Fourth+Century+B.C.&rft.pages=337-360&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-521-23348-8&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Alan+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+pharaohs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Murnane, William J. <i>Ancient Egyptian Coregencies, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. No. 40.</i> The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1977</li> <li>Rice, Michael, <i>Who's Who in Ancient Egypt</i>, Routledge 1999</li> <li>Ryholt, Kim & Bardrum, Steven, <i>The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris.</i> <i>Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</i> <b>127</b>. 2000.</li> <li>Shaw, Garry. <i>The Pharaoh, Life at Court and on Campaign</i>, Thames and Hudson, 2012.</li> <li>Wilkinson, Toby A. H., <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>, Routledge 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-18633-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-18633-1">0-415-18633-1</a></li> <li>Ventura Dr. R., <i>Egypt, History & Civilisation</i> Published by Osiris, PO Box 107 Cairo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Verner" title="Miroslav Verner">Verner, Miroslav</a>, <i>The Pyramids – Their Archaeology and History</i>, Atlantic Books, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84354-171-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-84354-171-8">1-84354-171-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_pharaohs&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/index.htm">Egyptian Royal Genealogy (Old Broken Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090407043434/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/index.htm">Archived</a> 2009-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020106070609/http://www.egyptologyonline.com/manetho.htm">Manetho and the King Lists</a> Review of different primary king lists</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/00en.htm">Chronology Table - 0 Dynasty</a>&<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630005736/http://www.narmer.pl/main/chr_his_en.htm">History Period, by Dariusz Sitek</a> Multi-pages of list of pharaohs in different king lists, without the god kings, in Egyptian hieroglyphs and English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phouka.com/pharaoh/egypt/history/00kinglists.html">Egyptian Journey 2003: History: King Lists</a> Hyperlink texts of the Manetho, Abydos & Turin king lists, without the god-kings</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pharaoh.se/comparing-the-kinglists">Comparing the major Egyptian king lists</a> Compares the Karnak, Adydos and Saqqara king lists</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/Welcome.html">Digital Egypt for Universities</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientnile.co.uk/pharaohs-women.php">List of all female Pharaohs</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharaohs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pharaohs" title="Template talk:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharaohs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(pre-3150 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3150–2686 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2686–2181 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2181–2040 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2040–1802 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1550 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (1550–664 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1070 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1069–664 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaharta" title="Masaharta">Masaharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkhonsuefankh" title="Djedkhonsuefankh">Djedkhonsuefankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smendes_II" title="Smendes II">Smendes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_III" title="Psusennes III">Psusennes III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664–332 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(332–30 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II">Berenice II Euergetes</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_Philopator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe III Philopator">Arsinoe III Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV" title="Cleopatra IV">Cleopatra IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Egypt_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egypt_topics" title="Template:Ancient Egypt topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egypt_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Egypt topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egypt_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egypt topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Egypt_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ancient_Egypt_artifacts" title="Glossary of ancient Egypt artifacts">Glossary of artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_ancient_Egypt%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of ancient Egypt–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt/Main_topics" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt/Main topics">Main topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:81px"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_agriculture" title="Ancient Egyptian agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_obelisks" title="List of Egyptian obelisks">Obelisks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylon_(architecture)" title="Pylon (architecture)">Pylon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portraiture_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Portraiture in ancient Egypt">Portraiture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_astronomy" title="Egyptian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Urban planning in ancient Egypt">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_towns_and_cities" title="List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Clothing in ancient Egypt">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_race_controversy" title="Ancient Egyptian race controversy">Ancient Egyptian race controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_Egypt" title="Population history of Egypt">Population history of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Prehistoric Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Dance in ancient Egypt">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Dynasties of ancient Egypt">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerary practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Geography of ancient Egypt">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Royal_Wife" title="Great Royal Wife">Great Royal Wives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_royal_consorts" title="List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_hieroglyphs" title="Cursive hieroglyphs">Cursive hieroglyphs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt" title="History of ancient Egypt">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_literature" title="Ancient Egyptian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_mathematics" title="Ancient Egyptian mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_medicine" title="Ancient Egyptian medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Military of ancient Egypt">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptians" title="List of ancient Egyptians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Titulary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_pottery" title="Ancient Egyptian pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_scribes" title="List of ancient Egyptian scribes">Scribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_sites" title="List of ancient Egyptian sites">Sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Egypt" title="List of historical capitals of Egypt">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)" title="Nome (Egypt)">District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_technology" title="Ancient Egyptian technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_trade" title="Ancient Egyptian trade">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" title="Egypt–Mesopotamia relations">Egypt–Mesopotamia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Giza_pyramid_complex" title="Giza pyramid complex"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/100px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/150px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/200px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4372" data-file-height="2906" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:81px"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptologists" title="List of Egyptologists">Egyptologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_of_Egyptian_antiquities" title="List of museums of Egyptian antiquities">Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/16px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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