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These [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections occurred during the first [[United States midterm election|midterm election cycle]], which took place in the middle of President [[George Washington]]'s first term. As these elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1790 and 1791, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the nine senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 1]]. As of these elections, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of senators who supported President Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the senators against him as the [[Anti-Administration Party (United States)|Anti-Administration Party]]. == Change in Senate composition == '''Note:''' There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.<ref name="No parties">{{cite book |title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress |last = Martis |first = Kenneth C.}}</ref> === Before the elections === After the June 25, 1790 [[1790 United States Senate elections in Rhode Island|elections in Rhode Island]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |- | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|3}} | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|2}} | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|1}} |- | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|4}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|5}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|6}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Pennsylvania|Penn.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|7}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Virginia|Va.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|19}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Jersey|N.J.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Unknown}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|18}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Rhode Island|R.I.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|17}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New York|N.Y.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|16}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Massachusetts|Mass.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|15}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maryland|Md.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} | rowspan=2 width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|14}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Delaware|Del.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |- | colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |- | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|4}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|5}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|6}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|7}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|8}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|9}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|10}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|11}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|12}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|13}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Connecticut|Conn.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |- | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|3}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|2}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|1}} |} === Results of the regular elections === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |- | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|3}} | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|2}} | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|1}} |- | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|4}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|5}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|6}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Virginia|Va.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|7}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New York|N.Y.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Vacant/active}} | V{{Sub|1}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Pennsylvania|Penn.]]}}<br/>{{Small|A Loss}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|18}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Jersey|N.J.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|17}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Massachusetts|Mass.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|16}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Rhode Island|R.I.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|15}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maryland|Md.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} | rowspan=2 width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|14}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Delaware|Del.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} |- | colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |- | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|4}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|5}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|6}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|7}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|8}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|9}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|10}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|11}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|12}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|13}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Connecticut|Conn.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} |- | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|3}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|2}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|1}} |} === Results of the special elections === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |- | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|3}} | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|2}} | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|1}} |- | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|4}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|5}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Virginia (special)|Va.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|6}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|7}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|8}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|1}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|17}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|16}} | width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|15}} | rowspan=2 width=50px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|14}} |- | colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |- | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|4}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|5}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|6}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|7}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|8}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|9}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|10}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|11}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|12}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Jersey (special)|N.J.]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|13}} |- | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|3}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|2}} | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|1}} |} {| |- valign=top | Key: | {| class=wikitable | align=center width=35px {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|#}} | [[{{party shortname|Anti-Administration Party (US)}} Party (United States)|{{party shortname|Anti-Administration Party (US)}}]] |- | align=center width=35px {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|#}} | [[{{party shortname|Pro-Administration Party (US)}} Party (United States)|{{party shortname|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}]] |- | align=center width=35px {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|#}} | Vacant |} |} == Race summaries == Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage. === Regular and special elections during the 1st Congress === In these elections, the winners were seated before March 4, 1791; ordered by election date. {| class=wikitable |- valign=bottom ! rowspan=2 | State ! colspan=3 | Incumbent ! rowspan=2 | Results ! rowspan=2 | Candidates |- ! Senator ! Party ! First elected |- ! [[#Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]<br/>(Class 1) | colspan=3 | New seat | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Rhode Island ratified the Constitution May 29, 1790.<br/>New senator [[1790 United States Senate elections in Rhode Island|elected]] June 7, 1790.<br/>'''Pro-Administration gain.''' | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Theodore Foster]]''' (Pro-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]<br/>(Class 2) | colspan=3 | New seat | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Rhode Island ratified the Constitution May 29, 1790.<br/>New senator [[1790 United States Senate elections in Rhode Island|elected]] June 7, 1790.<br/>'''Anti-Administration gain.''' | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Anti-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Joseph Stanton Jr.]]''' (Anti-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#Virginia (special)|Virginia]]<br/>(special: Class 1) | [[John Walker (Virginia politician)|John Walker]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | 1790 {{Small|(appointed)}} | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.<br/>New senator [[1790 United States Senate special election in Virginia|elected]] November 9, 1790.<br/>'''Anti-Administration gain.''' | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Anti-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Monroe]]''' (Anti-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#New Jersey (special)|New Jersey]]<br/>(special: Class 2) | [[William Paterson (judge)|William Paterson]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in New Jersey|1788]] | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned November 13, 1790, to become [[Governor of New Jersey]].<br/>New senator [[1790 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|elected]] November 13, 1790.<br/>Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Philemon Dickinson]]''' (Pro-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |} === Races leading to the 2nd Congress === In these regular elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1791; ordered by state. All of these elections involved the Class 1 seats. {| class=wikitable |- valign=bottom ! rowspan=2 | State ! colspan=3 | Incumbent ! rowspan=2 | Results ! rowspan=2 | Candidates |- ! Senator ! Party ! First elected |- ! [[#Connecticut|Connecticut]] | [[Oliver Ellsworth]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in Connecticut|1788]] | Incumbent re-elected on an unknown date. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Oliver Ellsworth]]''' (Pro-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#Delaware|Delaware]] | [[George Read (U.S. statesman)|George Read]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in Delaware|1788]] | Incumbent [[1790 United States Senate election in Delaware|re-elected]] October 23, 1790. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[George Read (U.S. statesman)|George Read]]''' (Pro-Admin.) Unanimous<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date=February 6, 2018 | title=Delaware 1790 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1790}}, citing General Advertiser (Philadelphia). October 30, 1790.</ref> }} |- ! [[#Maryland|Maryland]] | [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in Maryland|1788]] | Incumbent [[1791 United States Senate election in Maryland|re-elected]] in 1791. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]]''' (Pro-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] | [[Tristram Dalton]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in Massachusetts|1788]] | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1790 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|elected]] in 1790 on the third ballot.<br/>Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[George Cabot]]''' (Pro-Admin.) 87 * {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Nathaniel Gorham]] (Unknown) 36 * {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Charles Jarvis (Massachusetts politician)|Charles Jarvis]] (Unknown) 20 * {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Samuel Holten (Unknown) 4 * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}[[Tristram Dalton]] (Pro-Admin.) Eliminated<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date=February 6, 2018 | title=Massachusetts 1790 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.ballot3.1790}}, citing The Massachusetts Centinel (Boston, MA). June 23, 1790.</ref> }} |- ! [[#New Jersey|New Jersey]] | [[Jonathan Elmer]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in New Jersey|1788]] | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1790 United States Senate election in New Jersey|elected]] in 1790.<br/>Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Rutherfurd]]''' (Pro-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#New York|New York]] | [[Philip Schuyler]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1789 United States Senate elections in New York|1789]] | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1791 United States Senate election in New York|elected]] January 19, 1791.<br/>'''Anti-Administration gain.''' | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Anti-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Aaron Burr]]''' (Anti-Admin.) * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}[[Philip Schuyler]] (Pro-Admin.) * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}[[Egbert Benson]] (Pro-Admin.)<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 6, 2018 | title= New York 1791 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1791 | archive-date= March 6, 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072051/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1791 | url-status= dead }}, citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1791. 23-24. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1791. 12. The New-York Journal, and Patriotic Register (New York, NY). January 24, 1791.</ref> }} |- ! [[#Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] | [[William Maclay (Pennsylvania senator)|William Maclay]] | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in Pennsylvania|1788]] | {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect a successor, leaving the seat vacant.<br/>Anti-Administration loss. | None. |- ! [[#Rhode Island|Rhode Island]] | [[Theodore Foster]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1790 United States Senate elections in Rhode Island|1790]] | Incumbent [[1791 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|re-elected]] in 1791. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Theodore Foster]]''' (Pro-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#Virginia|Virginia]] | [[James Monroe]] | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | [[1790 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1790 {{Small|(special)}}]] | Incumbent [[1791 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]] in 1791. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Anti-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Monroe]]''' (Anti-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |} === Special and regular elections in 1791 during the 2nd Congress === In these elections, the winners were seated after March 4, 1791, the beginning of the next Congress. {| class=wikitable |- valign=bottom ! rowspan=2 | State ! colspan=3 | Incumbent ! rowspan=2 | Results ! rowspan=2 | Candidates |- ! Senator ! Party ! First elected |- ! [[#Connecticut (special)|Connecticut]]<br/>(Class 3) | [[William Samuel Johnson|William S. Johnson]] | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | [[1788 United States Senate elections in Connecticut|1788]] | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Resigned March 4, 1791.<br/>New senator [[1791 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|elected]] June 13, 1791.<br/>Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Pro-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Roger Sherman]]''' (Pro-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#Vermont|Vermont]]<br/>(Class 1) | colspan=3 | None (new state) | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Vermont was admitted to the Union March 4, 1791.<br/>New senator [[1791 United States Senate elections in Vermont|elected]] October 17, 1791.<br/>'''Anti-Administration gain.''' | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Anti-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Moses Robinson]]''' (Anti-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |- ! [[#Vermont|Vermont]]<br/>(Class 3) | colspan=3 | None (new state) | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Vermont was admitted to the Union March 4, 1791.<br/>New senator [[1791 United States Senate elections in Vermont|elected]] October 17, 1791.<br/>'''Anti-Administration gain.''' | nowrap | {{Plainlist| * {{Party stripe|Anti-Administration Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Stephen R. Bradley]]''' (Anti-Admin.) * {{Data missing|date=August 2020}} }} |} == Connecticut == {{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}} All of the senators from Connecticut were Pro-Administration through 1795. === Connecticut (regular) ===  [[Oliver Ellsworth]] was re-elected in 1791. {{expand section|date=February 2018}} === Connecticut (special) ===  [[William Samuel Johnson]] resigned March 3, 1791, at the end of the [[1st United States Congress|1st Congress]] and [[Roger Sherman]] was elected June 13, 1791, to finish the term. {{expand section|date=February 2018}} == Delaware == {{Main|1790 United States Senate election in Delaware}} {{See also|List of United States senators from Delaware}} {{expand section|date=February 2018}} == Maryland ==  {{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} {{Expand section|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox election | election_name = 1790 United States Senate election in Maryland | popular_vote1 = '''45''' | colour1 = F6D6C9 | percentage1 = '''60.00%''' | party1 = Federalist Party | candidate1 = '''[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]]''' | image1 = Charlescarrollofcarrollton.jpg | popular_vote2 = 30 | colour2 = F6D6C9 | percentage2 = 40.00% | party2 = Federalist Party | candidate2 = [[Uriah Forrest]] | image2 = Uriah Forrest.jpg | next_year = 1793 | next_election = 1793 United States Senate special election in Maryland | previous_year = 1788 | previous_election = 1788–89 United States Senate elections#Maryland | votes_for_election = 80 members of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] | vote_type = Legislative | election_date = November 26, 1790 | ongoing = no | type = presidential }} [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]] won re-election over [[Uriah Forrest]] by a margin of 20.00%, or 15 votes, for the Class 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122323|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 26, 1790|access-date=2022-11-04|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> {{Clear}} == Massachusetts ==  {{See also|List of United States senators from Massachusetts}}Incumbent U.S. Senator, [[Tristram Dalton|Tristam Dalton]] sought re-election but was eliminated before the third ballot. The third ballot saw the election of [[George Cabot]], who had been a member of the [[Massachusetts Provincial Congress]]. Cabot won 87 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.ballot3.1790|access-date=2021-03-10|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref> {{Infobox election | election_name = 1790 United States Senate election in Massachusetts | party2 = Federalist | flag_year = 1775 | country = Massachusetts | percentage3 = 13.6% | party3 = Independent (politician) | candidate3 = Charles Jarvis | percentage2 = 24.5% | image3 = P vip.svg | candidate2 = [[Nathaniel Gorham]] | type = legislative | image2 = Nathaniel Gorham.jpg | candidate1 = [[George Cabot]] | percentage1 = 59.2% | party1 = Federalist | image1 = George Cabot.jpg | election_date = June 23, 1790 | ongoing = no | vote_type = Legislative | popular_vote1 = 87 | popular_vote2 = 36 | popular_vote3 = 20 | party_name = yes | previous_year = 1788 | next_year = 1796 (special) | before_election = [[Tristam Dalton]] [[Federalist]] | after_election = [[George Cabot]] [[Federalist]] }}{{expand section|date=August 2019}} {{Clear}} == New Jersey == {{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey}} === New Jersey (regular) ===  {{expand section|date=February 2018}} === New Jersey (special) ===  {{expand section|date=February 2018}} == New York == {{Main|1791 United States Senate election in New York}} {{See also|List of United States senators from New York}} The election in New York was held January 19, 1791, by the [[New York State Legislature]]. Incumbent [[Philip Schuyler]]'s term would expire March 3, 1791. At the State election in April 1790, nominal Federalist majorities were elected to both houses of the [[14th New York State Legislature]], but many Federalists were friendly to the Democratic-Republican Governor [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]], party lines not being drawn very strictly then. The incumbent Philip Schuyler ran for re-election as the candidate of the [[Federalist Party]]. [[New York State Attorney General]] Aaron Burr was the candidate of the [[Democratic-Republican Party]], but was at that time a rather moderate politician, opposing the ultras of both parties. Burr was the choice of both the State Senate and the State Assembly, and was declared elected. Schuyler was defeated despite the nominal majority of his party. Many of the Federalists took the opportunity to show their disapproval of both Schuyler's haughtiness and the financial policies of [[Alexander Hamilton]], the [[U.S. Secretary of the Treasury]] and Schuyler's son-in-law. Besides, the [[Livingston family|Livingston]] faction of the Federalist Party felt betrayed after the election of [[Rufus King]] over their candidate [[James Duane]] in 1789, and now allied themselves with Clinton and later became Democratic-Republicans. {| class=wikitable ! Office ! House ! colspan="2" | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] candidate ! colspan="2" | [[Federalist]] candidate |- | [[List of United States senators from New York|U.S. senator]] | [[New York State Senate|State Senate]] (23 members) | nowrap | {{Plainlist | * '''{{Aye}} [[Aaron Burr]]''' }} | align="right" | '''12''' | [[Philip Schuyler]] | align="right" | 4 |- | | [[New York State Assembly|State Assembly]] (65 members) | nowrap | {{Plainlist | * '''{{Aye}} [[Aaron Burr]]''' }} | align="right" | | [[Philip Schuyler]] | align="right" | |} Obs.: Burr had a majority of 5 votes in the Assembly, but the exact number of votes is unclear. == Pennsylvania == {{Main|1791 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}} {{See also|List of United States senators from Pennsylvania}} In 1791, the legislature failed to elect due to a disagreement on procedure.<ref name=PA1790>{{cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Harold E. |title=U.S. Senate Election 1791 |url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1788.pdf |website=Wilkes University Election Statistics Project}}</ref> The seat would remain vacant until 1793.<ref name=PA1790/> == Rhode Island ==  {{See also|List of United States senators from Rhode Island}} {{expand section|date=February 2018}} == Vermont ==  {{See also|List of United States senators from Vermont}} [[Stephen R. Bradley]] and [[Moses Robinson]] were elected by the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] and [[Governor of Vermont|Governor]] and [[Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies#The Council|Council]] in January 1791, anticipating Vermont's admission to the union.<ref>{{cite book |last=Walton |first=Eliakim Persons |date=1876 |title=Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont |volume=IV |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eP0PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5 |location=Montpelier, VT |publisher=J. and J. M. Poland |pages=4–6 |ref={{sfnRef|''Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont''}}}}</ref> Vermont was admitted as the 14th state on March 4, 1791.{{sfn|''Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont''}} The Senate had adjourned on March 3, at the completion of the [[1st United States Congress]]; the [[2nd United States Congress]] held a one-day session on March 4, and was not scheduled to convene again until October 24.<ref>{{cite book |last=De Puy |first=W. H. |date=1892 |title=American Revisions and Additions to the Encyclopaedia Britannica |volume=III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jZJMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1547 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=R. S. Peale Company |pages=1547–1548}}</ref> As a result of this congressional schedule Bradley and Robinson had not been seated when the Vermont House of Representatives convened in early October, 1791.{{sfn|''Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont''}} At this legislative session, some members suggested that the January election of Bradley and Robinson had been premature, since Vermont had not yet been admitted to the union.{{sfn|''Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont''}} Bradley and Robinson volunteered to resign the credentials of their January elections; on October 17, the Governor and Council voted again, and selected Bradley and Robinson.{{sfn|''Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont''}} The House of Representatives then voted a second time, and also selected Bradley and Robinson.{{sfn|''Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont''}} No vote totals were recorded.{{sfn|''Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont''}} Bradley was selected for the "short term" (Class 3), which expired on March 3, 1795.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dodge |first=Prentiss Cutler |date=1912 |title=Encyclopedia of Vermont Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tt2_3hTQxFMC |location=Burlington, VT |publisher=Ullery Publishing Company |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tt2_3hTQxFMC/page/n31 28]-29 |ref={{sfnRef|''Encyclopedia of Vermont Biography''}}}}</ref> Robinson received the "long term" (Class 1), which expired on March 3, 1797.{{sfn|''Encyclopedia of Vermont Biography''}} == Virginia == [[File:James Monroe (1758-1831).jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[James Monroe]]]] {{See also|List of United States senators from Virginia|1790 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia}} [[William Grayson]] died March 12, 1790, and [[John Walker (Virginia politician)|John Walker]] was appointed to continue the term. === Virginia (special) ===  Future President [[James Monroe]] was elected in November 1790 to finish the term. === Virginia (regular) ===  Monroe was re-elected in 1791 to the next term, as well. ==See also== * [[1790 United States elections]] ** [[1790–91 United States House of Representatives elections]] * [[1st United States Congress]] * [[2nd United States Congress]] ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == * [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov *[https://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA114 ''The New York Civil List''] compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 114 for State senators 1790–91; page 165f for Members of Assembly 1790–91) *[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bu8SPTyhrF8C/page/n67  ''History of Political Parties in the State of New-York''] by [[Jabez Delano Hammond]] (pages 50ff) *[https://books.google.com/books?id=bG89AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA177 ''The Life and Times of Aaron Burr''] by James Parton (1866, pages 177ff) {{1790 United States 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