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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ogled vira Čile</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ta članek obstaja samo v tem jeziku. Dodajte članke v drugih jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dodaj jezike</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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Lahko tudi pošljete e-pošto v čakalno vrsto <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">upravnikov</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> na <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd>, vključno z vsemi zgornjimi podatki.</div></div><hr /> <p>Vsebino te strani si lahko ogledate in jo kopirate. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="sl" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">==== Živalstvo in rastlinstvo ==== Domače rastlinstvo sestavlja relativno manj vrst v primerjavi z drugimi južnoameriškimi državami. Najsevernejša obalna in osrednja regija sta v veliki meri neplodni, vegetacija se približuje najbolj absolutni puščavi na svetu<ref name=Icarito>{{Cite journal |author-link=La Tercera/Icarito |title=Icarito: Enciclopedia de la flora y fauna de Chile |journal=Icarito |url=http://www.icarito.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/canal/0,0,38035857_152308989,00.html |id= |postscript= |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410080253/http://www.icarito.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/canal/0%2C0%2C38035857_152308989%2C00.html |archivedate=10 April 2006 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>. Na pobočjih Andov, poleg razpršenega puščavskega grmičevja, najdemo trave. Za Podolžno dolino so značilne številne vrste kaktusov, trdovratna vrsta akacije ''Vachellia caven'', čilska aravkarija (''Araucaria araucana''), južna bukev (''Nothofagus'') in čilski zvonček (''Lapageria'') z rdečim zvončastim cvetom, ki je čilski nacionalni cvet. V južnem Čilu, južno od reke Biobío, so močne padavine omogočile goste gozdove lovorjev (''Laurelia sempervirens''), magnolij in različnih vrst iglavcev in bukev, ki so postali manjši in bolj omejeni na jug. Hladne temperature in vetrovi skrajnega juga preprečujejo večje pogozdovanje. Travinje najdemo v atlantskem delu Čila (v [[Patagonija|Patagoniji]]). Čilska flora se razlikuje od sosednje argentinske, kar kaže na to, da je Andska pregrada obstajala že med njenim nastajanjem.<ref name="Bio&Con">{{Cite journal | last = Smith-Ramírez | first = Cecilia | title = Distribution patterns of flora and fauna in southern Chilean Coastal rain forests: Integrating Natural History and GIS | journal = Biodiversity and Conservation | issue = Volume 16, Number 9 / August 2007 | publisher = Springer Netherlands | date = 27 October 2006 | doi = 10.1007/s10531-006-9073-2 |issn=0960-3115 }}</ref> Nekaj čilskih rastlin ima antarktično poreklo zaradi kopenskih mostov, ki so nastali med ledenimi obdobji [[kreda|krede]], zato so rastline lahko migrirale z Antarktike v Južno Ameriko.<ref>{{navedi splet|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chilean-and-antarctic-fossils-reveal-the-last-geologic-minutes-of-the-age-of-dinosaurs-slide-show/|title=Chilean and Antarctic Fossils Reveal the Last "Geologic Minutes" of the Age of Dinosaurs [Slide Show]|first=Ángela|last=Posada-Swafford|publisher=}}</ref> V Čilu je zabeleženih nekaj več kot 3000 vrst gliv, vendar je to število daleč od popolnega<ref>Oehrens, E.B. "Flora Fungosa Chilena". Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, 1980</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/robigalia/eng/index.htm |title=Cybertruffle's Robigalia – Observations of fungi and their associated organisms |publisher=cybertruffle.org.uk |accessdate=9 July 2011}}</ref>. Resnično skupno število gliv, ki se pojavljajo v Čilu, je verjetno veliko večje, glede na splošno sprejeto oceno, saj je bilo odkritih le približno 7 % vseh gliv po vsem svetu. Čeprav je količina razpoložljivih informacij še vedno zelo majhna, je bil narejen prvi napor za oceno števila vrst gliv, endemičnih za Čile. Čilska geografska osamitev je omejevala priseljevanje živalskega sveta, tako da je najdenih le nekaj od številnih značilnih južnoameriških živali. Med večjimi sesalci so [[puma]] (tudi kugar), [[gvanako]] in [[južnoameriška siva lisica]] (''Lycalopex griseus''). V gozdni regiji najdemo več vrst vrečarjev in majhno jelenjad, imenovano pudu (''Pudu puda ''). Obstaja veliko vrst majhnih ptic, vendar večina večjih latinskoameriških vrst manjka. Nekaj sladkovodnih rib je domorodnih, vendar so se severnoameriške postrv uspešno naselile v andska jezera. Zaradi bližine [[Perujski tok|Humboldtovega toka]] so morske vode polne rib in drugih oblik morskega življenja, kar omogoča bogato pestrost vodnih ptic, vključno z več vrst pingvinov. Kiti so pogosti in na tem območju najdemo približno šest vrst tjulnjev. <gallery> File:Araucaria araucana - Parque Nacional Conguillío por lautaroj - 001.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' v narodnem parku Conguillío File:Pudupuda hem 8 FdoVidal Villarr 08Abr06-PhotoJimenez.JPG|Pudú File:Zorrito Chile.JPG|[[Južnoameriška siva lisica]], pogosta v regiji File:Colca-condor-c07.jpg|[[Andski kondor]] (''Vultur gryphus''), narodna ptica Čila File:Culpeo MC.jpg|''Lycalopex culpaeus'', culpeo ali [[andska lisica]] File:Guanaco 09.24.jpg[[|Gvanako]] v severnem Čilu File:Cuernos del Paine from Lake Pehoé.jpg|Torres del Paine iz jezera Pehoé, [[Narodni park Torres del Paine]] </gallery> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Vrnitev na <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile">Čile</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pridobljeno iz »<a dir="ltr" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Čile">https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Čile</a>«</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pravilnik o zasebnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:O_Wikipediji">O Wikipediji</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Splo%C5%A1na_zavrnitev_odgovornosti">Zavrnitve odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ravnanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Razvijalci</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sl.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">O piškotkih</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cile&action=edit&section=10&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilni prikaz</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-2hmlm","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.004","walltime":"0.005","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":773,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-2hmlm","timestamp":"20241124080455","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>