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Report a bug against this page"><i class="fa fa-bug" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Report a Bug"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <div class="docs-body" role="main"> <section id="openstack-virtual-machine-image-guide"> <h1>OpenStack Virtual Machine Image Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#openstack-virtual-machine-image-guide" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1> <section id="abstract"> <h2>Abstract<a class="headerlink" href="#abstract" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>This guide describes how to obtain, create, and modify virtual machine images that are compatible with OpenStack.</p> </section> <section id="contents"> <h2>Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#contents" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="common/conventions.html">Conventions</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common/conventions.html#notices">Notices</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common/conventions.html#command-prompts">Command prompts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html">Introduction</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html#disk-and-container-formats-for-images">Disk and container formats for images</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html#image-metadata">Image metadata</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html#adding-metadata-to-an-image">Adding metadata to an image</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html#metadata-definition-metadefs-service">Metadata definition (metadefs) service</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html">Get images</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#almalinux">AlmaLinux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#alpine-linux">Alpine Linux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#arch-linux">Arch Linux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#bsd-dragonflybsd-freebsd-netbsd-openbsd">BSD: DragonFlyBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#centos">CentOS</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#cirros-test">CirrOS (test)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#debian">Debian</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#fedora">Fedora</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#kali-linux">Kali Linux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#microsoft-windows">Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#opensuse-and-suse-linux-enterprise-server">openSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#red-hat-enterprise-linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#rocky-linux">Rocky Linux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="obtain-images.html#ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html">Image requirements</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#linux">Linux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#disk-partitions-and-resize-root-partition-on-boot-cloud-init">Disk partitions and resize root partition on boot (cloud-init)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#no-hard-coded-mac-address-information">No hard-coded MAC address information</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#ensure-ssh-server-runs">Ensure ssh server runs</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#disable-firewall">Disable firewall</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#access-instance-by-using-ssh-public-key-cloud-init">Access instance by using ssh public key (cloud-init)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#process-user-data-and-other-metadata-cloud-init">Process user data and other metadata (cloud-init)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#ensure-image-writes-boot-log-to-console">Ensure image writes boot log to console</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#paravirtualized-xen-support-in-the-kernel-xen-hypervisor-only">Paravirtualized Xen support in the kernel (Xen hypervisor only)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="openstack-images.html#manage-the-image-cache">Manage the image cache</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modify-images.html">Modify images</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modify-images.html#guestfish">guestfish</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modify-images.html#guestmount">guestmount</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modify-images.html#virt-tools">virt-* tools</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modify-images.html#loop-devices-kpartx-network-block-devices">Loop devices, kpartx, network block devices</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="create-images-manually.html">Create images manually</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="create-images-manually.html#tools">Tools</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="create-images-manually.html#examples">Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="create-images-automatically.html">Tools to automate image creation</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="create-images-automatically.html#openstack-tools">OpenStack tools</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="create-images-automatically.html#external-tools">External tools</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="convert-images.html">Converting between image formats</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="convert-images.html#qemu-img-convert-raw-qcow2-qed-vdi-vmdk-vhd">qemu-img convert: raw, qcow2, qed, vdi, vmdk, vhd</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="convert-images.html#vboxmanage-vdi-virtualbox-to-raw">VBoxManage: VDI (VirtualBox) to raw</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="share-images.html">Image sharing</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="share-images.html#sharing-an-image">Sharing an image</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="common/appendix.html">Appendix</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common/app-support.html">Community support</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="docs-actions"> <a href="common/conventions.html"><i class="fa fa-angle-double-right" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Next: Conventions"></i></a> <a id="pdfLink2" href="" target="_blank" title="Download the manuals as PDF"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Download PDF"></i></a> <a id="logABugLink3" href="" target="_blank" title="Found an error? 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class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="convert-images.html">Converting between image formats</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="share-images.html">Image sharing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="common/appendix.html">Appendix</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="docs-sidebar-toc"> <div class="docs-sidebar-section" id="local-table-of-contents"> <h4 class="docs-sidebar-section-title">Page Contents</h4> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">OpenStack Virtual Machine Image Guide</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#contents">Contents</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row footer-links"> <div class="col-lg-2 col-sm-2"> <h3>OpenStack</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openstack.org/software/project-navigator/">Projects</a></li> <li><a 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