CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Session one of a four part series, helps the audience to better understand the concepts of electrical clearance, the calculation of BIL, BSL, and insulation coordination. Most substations are located in fenced-off areas above ground. In cities substations may be constructed in buildings or underground. Energized conductors and connecting buswork within a substation or switchyard are usually bare (non-insulated) and are installed on insulators that provide insulation from the ground. Insulation from other energized and grounded objects is provided by proper air distances (clearances). Sufficient clearances among ground and various energized air-insulated equipment are required to prevent (minimize the probability of) sparkovers and flashovers which would disrupt the operation and integrity not only of the affected equipment but also of the entire or large parts of the electric power system. IEEE Std 1427-2020 ?IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations? provides the required information." /> <meta name="abstract" content="Session one of a four part series, helps the audience to better understand the concepts of electrical clearance, the calculation of BIL, BSL, and insulation coordination. Most substations are located in fenced-off areas above ground. In cities substations may be constructed in buildings or underground. Energized conductors and connecting buswork within a substation or switchyard are usually bare (non-insulated) and are installed on insulators that provide insulation from the ground. Insulation from other energized and grounded objects is provided by proper air distances (clearances). Sufficient clearances among ground and various energized air-insulated equipment are required to prevent (minimize the probability of) sparkovers and flashovers which would disrupt the operation and integrity not only of the affected equipment but also of the entire or large parts of the electric power system. IEEE Std 1427-2020 ?IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations? provides the required information." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14271_101624_sld" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_ED_WEB_14271_101624_SLD/PES_ED_WEB_14271_101624_SLD.jpg" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IEEE Power & Energy Society Resource Center" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Definitions and Criteria" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Session one of a four part series, helps the audience to better understand the concepts of electrical clearance, the calculation of BIL, BSL, and insulation coordination. Most substations are located in fenced-off areas above ground. In cities substations may be constructed in buildings or underground. Energized conductors and connecting buswork within a substation or switchyard are usually bare (non-insulated) and are installed on insulators that provide insulation from the ground. Insulation from other energized and grounded objects is provided by proper air distances (clearances). Sufficient clearances among ground and various energized air-insulated equipment are required to prevent (minimize the probability of) sparkovers and flashovers which would disrupt the operation and integrity not only of the affected equipment but also of the entire or large parts of the electric power system. IEEE Std 1427-2020 ?IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations? provides the required information." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_ED_WEB_14271_101624_SLD/PES_ED_WEB_14271_101624_SLD.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Session one of a four part series, helps the audience to better understand the concepts of electrical clearance, the calculation of BIL, BSL, and insulation coordination. Most substations are located in fenced-off areas above ground. In cities substations may be constructed in buildings or underground. Energized conductors and connecting buswork within a substation or switchyard are usually bare (non-insulated) and are installed on insulators that provide insulation from the ground. Insulation from other energized and grounded objects is provided by proper air distances (clearances). Sufficient clearances among ground and various energized air-insulated equipment are required to prevent (minimize the probability of) sparkovers and flashovers which would disrupt the operation and integrity not only of the affected equipment but also of the entire or large parts of the electric power system. IEEE Std 1427-2020 ?IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations? provides the required information." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Definitions and Criteria" /> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Definitions and Criteria" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_ED_WEB_14271_101624_SLD/PES_ED_WEB_14271_101624_SLD.jpg" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="K6Txop2DrxR15TwUUsf5jkKDNBu5ciuzJ0B4XPzIFzA" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="hSCATysQL3LNBsqSzRUm8CL2TBCBBmUbJ34hgHjem0E" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="xyoKdclXFBDwM8r5fZ-Q0Nz8LkwiLgHzbATNHY0D81I" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="w4nR6K5O9z0ueZ49rUK9PgFgxeyrVy8RDgroM-G9IUA" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="gBZ1fBXwUgDXbr7h3FtU3uNGEhLeMZglAWeZfzlgCYY" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="nXkR4Y_L3x90vEKaOT5dqydLzaUfOpcZRoru5oorkjE" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/c87b0b91-e439-4261-b322-9189ed33cdbd/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1134330100",accountID:"3691991",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwAOUF9aCRABVFhaDwEDUVwJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-f45112c3e159cadd17f",applicationID:"1098804788"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/barrio_subtheme/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Definitions and Criteria | IEEE Power & Energy Society Resource Center</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_VlNj8eNe679v-LiTbzeiE_-2LF-eyosAWYjg9PoYzvE.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.6.0/css/all.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.6.0/css/v4-shims.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_w0JjOKm7b03nlU9OT1w13BzWYPSYAFhdwWesWN0L1dc.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_AyWjnf5rvi9a9SIbMPtA_trePxgohQJSKyZLIkLN6QU.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_7mAi28aXhFoyAKSUKd0d5d_smt3gpxIQu2TPJiXYiAM.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Y4H_4BqmgyCtG7E7YdseTs2qvy9C34c51kBamDdgark.css" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/106910","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"ajax_loader\/ajax_loader.throbber,barrio_subtheme\/bootstrap_cdn,barrio_subtheme\/feature,barrio_subtheme\/footer-menu,barrio_subtheme\/global-styling,barrio_subtheme\/main-menu,barrio_subtheme\/mega-menu,barrio_subtheme\/product-card,barrio_subtheme\/right-sidebar,barrio_subtheme\/secondry-menu,bootstrap_barrio\/form,bootstrap_barrio\/global-styling,bootstrap_barrio\/messages_white,bootstrap_barrio\/node,core\/drupal.autocomplete,extlink\/drupal.extlink,fontawesome\/fontawesome.webfonts,fontawesome\/fontawesome.webfonts.shim,google_tag\/gtag,google_tag\/gtag.ajax,google_tag\/gtm,ieeecc_video_embed\/ieeecc_lazyload,ieeecc_video_embed\/product_display,nodeviewcount\/nodeviewcount.base,opigno_learning_path\/global,opigno_module\/menu_icon,owlcarousel\/owlcarousel,system\/base,views\/views.module,views_infinite_scroll\/views-infinite-scroll,we_megamenu\/form.we-mega-menu-frontend","theme":"barrio_subtheme","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_classes":false,"allowlist_classes":"","blocklist_classes":"","include_environment":false,"environment_id":"","environment_token":""},"tagIds":["GTM-57NZ5H6","GTM-KKGWNKD"]},"gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"ajaxLoader":{"markup":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022ajax-throbber sk-chase\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-chase-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-chase-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-chase-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-chase-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-chase-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-chase-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E","hideAjaxMessage":false,"alwaysFullscreen":true,"throbberPosition":"body"},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"0","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"mailto","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":["www.ieee.org"]}},"domainSettings":{"activeId":"resourcecenter_ieee_pes_org","defaultDomainUrl":"https:\/\/resourcecenter.ieee.org\/","isDefault":false,"searchUrl":"\/search?f[0]=organizational_unit:29"},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:4a4db9202842b48edc4f1816b0d82dc880d2c39cd7c353f72b65a19716fbe489":{"view_name":"presentation_bundle","view_display_id":"related_content","view_args":"106910","view_path":"\/node\/106910","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"4a4db9202842b48edc4f1816b0d82dc880d2c39cd7c353f72b65a19716fbe489","pager_element":0},"views_dom_id:8a7239af7ed486123b2208c1dd1faf0fdd9b22df222c6d79ff9602828a2ce32b":{"view_name":"product_card","view_display_id":"block_2","view_args":"106910\/68613+84437+88178+85299+91990+108550+108551+108552","view_path":"\/node\/106910","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"8a7239af7ed486123b2208c1dd1faf0fdd9b22df222c6d79ff9602828a2ce32b","pager_element":0}}},"nodeviewcount":{"url":"\/nodeviewcount\/updateCounter","data":{"106910":{"nid":"106910","uid":0,"uip":"8.222.208.146","view_mode":"full"}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"b4588b102114b0246b2c09acd562036242253a02b45b9e67c0e3fea5d0cb2268"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_wgaFzAV2u4-dXZMGgGlKqwkvW2UKRG10co7vxTYoFSs.js"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?smqrkq"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?smqrkq"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_eJOflymwmTXRkEv9y8ol6uaIAj5pWUXxMbZTsIl4vVw.js"></script> </head> <body class="resourcecenterieee-pesorg layout-one-sidebar layout-sidebar-second page-node-106910 path-node node--type-presentation"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden-focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-57NZ5H6" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KKGWNKD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div id="page-wrapper"> <div id="page" class="live"> <div class="container-fluid px-xl-5 bg-light d-none d-lg-block" id="metanav"> <div class="row mx-auto"> <div class="col-10 col-lg-8 col-md-6"> <nav id="ieeemenu" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-ieeetopheadermenu-menu" class="block navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light block-menu navigation menu--ieee-top-header-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-ieeetopheadermenu-menu">ieee top header menu</h2> <div id="ieeemenu" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="pr-1 nav-item"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwieeeorg-">IEEE.org</a> </li> <li class="px-1 nav-item"> <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp" class="nav-link nav-link-https--ieeexploreieeeorg-xplore-homejsp">IEEE Xplore Digital Library</a> </li> <li class="px-1 nav-item"> <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/" class="nav-link nav-link-http--standardsieeeorg-">IEEE Standards</a> </li> <li class="px-1 nav-item"> <a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org" class="nav-link nav-link-http--spectrumieeeorg">IEEE Spectrum</a> </li> <li class="pl-1 nav-item"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwieeeorg-sitemaphtml">More Sites</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="col mt-0"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-anonymoususermenu-menu" class="block block-menu navigation navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light menu--anonymous-user-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-anonymoususermenu-menu">Anonymous user menu</h2> <div id="usermenu" class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end"> <ul class="clearfix navbar-nav"> <li class="pr-1 nav-item"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/cart/public/myCart/page.html" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwieeeorg-cart-public-mycart-pagehtml">Cart</a> </li> <li class="pl-1 nav-item"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/profile/public/createwebaccount/showCreateAccount.html?url=https%3A//www.ieee.org/&ShowMGAMarkeatbilityOptIn=true" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwieeeorg-profile-public-createwebaccount-showcreateaccounthtmlurlhttps3a--wwwieeeorg-showmgamarkeatbilityoptintrue">Create Account </a> </li> <li class="px-1 nav-item"> <a href="/saml_login?destination=/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14271_101624_sld" title="Login with your IEEE Account" class="nav-link nav-link--saml-login" data-drupal-link-system-path="saml_login">Sign In</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid px-xl-5" id="mainnav"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between py-2 py-lg-3 mx-auto align-items-center main_nav_wrap"> <div id="block-barrio-subtheme-branding" class="clearfix block block-system block-system-branding-block"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm py-1 pr-0"> <a href="/" class="navbar-brand mr-0 py-0" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/sites/default/files/files/pes-logo_0.gif" alt="Home" class="logo" /> </a> </nav> </div> <div id="block-domainmenuforieeepesmain" class="block block-we-megamenu block-we-megamenu-blockdm13511076-main order-3 order-lg-1 flex-fill"> <div class="content"> <div class="region-we-mega-menu"> <a class="navbar-toggle collapsed"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> <nav class="dm13511076-main navbar navbar-default navbar-we-mega-menu mobile-collapse hover-action" data-menu-name="dm13511076-main" data-block-theme="barrio_subtheme" data-style="Default" data-animation="None" data-delay="" data-duration="" data-autoarrow="" data-alwayshowsubmenu="" data-action="hover" data-mobile-collapse="0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <ul class="we-mega-menu-ul nav nav-tabs justify-content-evenly flex"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="1f1367b8-3711-4594-926d-a222c2351e60" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences" target=""> Conferences </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="750" data-class="" style="width: 750px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="d8c5753e-b444-49b5-9781-0f5cc6c4901d" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a href='#' data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink"> ISGT</a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12 border-0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="border-0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="61fd5960-0ce4-4c4f-9654-dfdf3572311a" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/isgt-me" target=""> ISGT Middle East </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="4e71f609-b204-4476-8369-365efdebfd56" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/isgt-asia" target="_self"> ISGT Asia </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="fec52973-04e8-4a27-8f57-d2fb4f44f54a" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/isgt-europe" target="_self"> ISGT Europe </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="e48f4e3e-ffd7-48f9-8887-8256f9ae8f51" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/isgt-latin-america" target="_self"> ISGT Latin America </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="f8edcc3d-3c75-4357-8cb6-8d08c196bdbd" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/isgt-na" target="_self"> ISGT NA </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="ed427767-1cfa-4d49-975f-3043b7e4b3cc" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/isgt" target="_self"> ISGT </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="3c924b87-832b-48e7-91ad-f91263b72221" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a href='#' data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Grid / Power</a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12 border-0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="border-0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="e32b253e-3db2-4a27-842d-fdd1c6ef4191" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/grid-edge" target="_self"> Grid Edge </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="82f85da2-bc36-4ba0-a457-49ddaac2a1de" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/grid-resilience" target="_self"> Grid Resilience </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="4c113db9-8aa0-4e0b-ac00-302d2ae3739b" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/powerafrica" target="_self"> Power Africa </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="c4df4229-4fa4-41e5-a9b7-8f707afcb15b" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/power-con" target=""> Power Con </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="d0f95385-187f-4c1b-9e2d-896ec7cef1d8" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/powertech" target=""> PowerTech </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="75bd5aa8-418e-4263-8f2a-752f12790fd7" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a href='#' data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Other Conferences</a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12 border-0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="border-0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="10474d3a-2cef-4323-b0ce-420c89ba5ba0" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/general-meeting" target="_self"> General Meeting </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="88a59189-b770-4e15-a9dd-2032aa528993" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/appeec" target="_self"> APPEEC </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="40937ae8-2a69-40f0-8d40-31ba85256651" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/esmo" target="_self"> ESMO </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="7680cabc-efa8-4a00-ad54-cb8135bdf741" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/gtd" target="_self"> GTD </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="b8d8c15e-ecc2-4a7c-8bc1-fa6cdc6183de" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/pes_day" target=""> PES Day </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="babc8bc2-1b4d-4d52-bd8e-77108939afb2" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/psce" target="_self"> PSCE </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="ef58bd4a-ec6e-4687-b8bd-287eee199e7d" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/itslc-un" target="_self"> SDG (ITSLC UN) </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="2835c2b4-50fd-4ed1-9c55-1f48d9bfd8c4" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/scc" target="_self"> Student Chapter Committee </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="47cef53b-ae9c-4d4e-83d0-515bf38d0f6a" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/t-and-d" target="_self"> T&D </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="3f6b58e7-140c-487b-852a-0d0eac152555" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/tesc" target="_self"> TESC </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="81b6ec18-3bbe-4b23-838f-9473f497f938" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/conferences/young-professionals" target="_self"> Young Professionals </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="635e09ce-72fa-471b-a786-69ce7d2871f8" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/education" target=""> Education </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="750" data-class="" style="width: 750px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span6" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="6" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="e839da30-bc22-4c45-b530-91d051ac2109" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a href='#' data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Live</a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="ecc9d47b-4297-4411-a9cb-6226343fdbc5" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/education/pes-universitys-upcoming-live-online-educational-events" target=""> Live Online </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span6" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="6" data-block="" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="8aa696e6-0357-4ceb-b42a-dc55f7d79dd0" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a href='#' data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink"> On-Demand</a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="3a7ea661-25de-4a23-9139-8be0b8698409" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/education/plain-talks" target="_self"> Plain Talks </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="f8dee95d-5a84-464e-a62d-3e674d653ad5" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/education/tutorials" target="_self"> Tutorials </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="3e9e5e9a-209c-42dc-b542-66405743fd38" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/education/webinars" target="_self"> Webinars </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="27f4dee9-3242-41e4-9055-06ac5e9a220b" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://iln.ieee.org/Public/ContentDetails.aspx?id=62EA99690833422291E2BDD37D4DD03B" target="_self"> Interactive </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="016b8039-8a2d-43e1-b223-9fca14831e17" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications" target=""> Publications </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="750" data-class="" style="width: 750px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="12e1e9e5-e6d6-4e9c-bebe-ea41302d9900" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/publications/pes-magazines" target="_self"> Magazines </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="2522936c-20c3-477f-80d9-39498ab03a71" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/electrification-magazine" target=""> Electrification Magazine </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="4bdd1590-9d8c-47f4-881a-4c41346f5e34" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/power-and-energy-magazine" target=""> Power and Energy Magazine </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="82bf68a8-5fd4-4d42-b4ac-8bb63f404672" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/conferences/general-meeting.html" target="_self"> Papers </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="84b98ef1-34c4-46a2-873c-78524edcb55a" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/publications/ieee-open-access-journal-power-and-energy-vol-11-2024" target=""> Open Access Papers: OAJPE Vol. 11 (2024) </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="41c9be51-2f51-443d-8ede-1de1b68a496c" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/publications/ieee-open-access-journal-vol-10" target="_self"> Open Access Papers: OAJPE Vol. 10 (2023) </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="f74fbef6-e192-4a74-aa01-a6bcfe821f33" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/publications/ieee-open-access-journal-power-and-energy-vol-9-2022" target="_self"> Open Access Papers: OAJPE Vol. 9 (2022) </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="a0736212-024a-48f8-9428-729db68c1dd4" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/publications/IEEE_OAJPE" target="_self"> Open Access Papers: OAJPE Vol. 8 (2021) </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="32a6ee74-493c-416b-b864-9f1f28c36392" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/publications/ieee-open-access-journal-vol-7" target="_self"> Open Access Papers: OAJPE Vol. 7 (2020) </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="339de7d9-ba84-4e9c-a0e9-08243b26470e" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/pets-j-open-access-papers" target=""> Open Access Papers: PETS-J </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="4c5a83e6-f13c-4092-943b-8f7d056b2fcf" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/tutorial-papers" target=""> Tutorial Papers </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="5292655c-25c4-4312-a48d-710ae0efb083" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/white-papers" target=""> White Papers </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu we-mega-menu-group" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="c1170ce6-d853-4b23-8a3e-097a05b3c62b" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="1" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a href='#' data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Other Publications</a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12 border-0 mt-0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="border-0 mt-0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="af9c672c-93f4-43ea-827a-a7cddf66cc68" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/proceedings" target=""> Proceedings </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="ae0c47c2-d86c-4008-ac89-17536f32f357" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/slides" target="_self"> Slides </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="fd724580-9c6b-44e9-a17a-4fef8849db0f" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/surveys" target="_self"> Surveys </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="fe13a470-549a-4b59-8823-170263706537" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/technical-reports" target="_self"> Technical Reports </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="7fba60f2-4764-4639-99f1-86b6bfa4cfa5" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications/videos" target="_self"> Videos </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="215d5cda-9f82-42dc-a7fd-1a31cf64228e" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/member-resources" target=""> Member Resources </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="5ca2e2fa-97b0-41a5-90a2-d2947ac07f82" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/member-resources/slides" target=""> Slides </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="72744240-f9c7-48f2-9b3e-914bb111e607" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/member-resources/videos" target="_self"> Videos </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu nav-item pl-3 right" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="c422dee5-d767-445d-9df6-ee6be01fe1f0" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="nav-item pl-3" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="right" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/technical-committees/slides" target=""> Technical Committees </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu border-0 mt-0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="border-0 mt-0" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="0"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12 border-0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="border-0"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs subul"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="972eaedf-0787-4490-8141-212ba7f30f5f" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/technical-committees/slides" target="_self"> Slides </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="be65fe56-de1b-460c-b677-02fc967ab94b" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/technical-committees/tools" target=""> Tools </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="de16c04e-e5be-4d9c-ba1b-70f48583a2dc" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/technical-committees/videos" target=""> Videos </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="" id="header_search"> <form class="autocomplete-custom" data-drupal-selector="autocomplete-custom" action="/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14271_101624_sld" method="post" id="autocomplete-custom" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="search collapsed"><input placeholder="Enter search..." autocomplete="off" class="position-absolute search_top bg-white end-0 form-autocomplete form-control" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-term" data-autocomplete-path="/search_api_autocomplete/presentation_search" type="text" id="edit-search-term" name="search_term" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" /> <input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-3lix-xttc8wdwnl5dshywn5fzi17uddoj4pvw5ihocw" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-3Lix-XttC8WDWnL5DsHyWn5Fzi17udDOj4pvw5IhoCw" class="form-control" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-autocomplete-custom" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="autocomplete_custom" class="form-control" /> <div class="url-textfield js-form-wrapper form-wrapper mb-3" style="display: none !important;"> <div class="js-form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-url form-item-url mb-3"> <label for="edit-url">Leave this field blank</label> <input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="edit-url" type="text" id="edit-url" name="url" value="" size="20" maxlength="128" class="form-control" /> </div> </div> <button class="trigg_span btn-lg button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search">Search</button> </div> </form> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-sitelogo" class="block-content-site_main_logo block order-2 order-lg-3 py-0"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm py-0 justify-content-end" > <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.ieee.org" target="_blank"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2022-11/ieeemain.png" alt="IEEE" class="partner-logo"> </a> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid px-xl-5 secondary-nav" style="background:#5a9641"> <div class="py-2 align-items-center"> <section class="row region region-secondary-menu"> <nav id="mainmenu" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-socialieeepes-menu" class="p-0 block navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light block-menu navigation menu--social-ieee-pes"> <h2 id="block-socialieeepes-menu" class="h4 mb-0 ps-1 ps-md-2 ps-lg-4">IEEE PES Resource Center</h2> <div id="mainmenu" class="collapse navbar-collapse py-1"> <div class="text-end socials w-100 pe-2"> <a href="https://ieee-pes.org/?utm_source=PES_RC&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=Member_Button"><span class="link-text">PES Home</span> <i class="fas fas fa-globe" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ieeePES" aria-label="Facebook"><i class="fa fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieee.pes/" aria-label="Instagram"><i class="fa fa fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieeepes/" aria-label="Linkedin"><i class="fa fab fa-linkedin-in" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://x.com/ieee_pes" aria-label="Twitter"><i class="fa-brands fa fa-brands fa-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/ieeepes" aria-label="YouTube"><i class="fa fa fa-youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons"></div> </div> </div> </nav> </section> </div> </div> <div id="carouselExampleCaptions" class="feature carousel slide" data-bs-ride="carousel" data-interval="2500"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockhome-page-slider-full-width" id="block-views-block-home-page-slider-full-width"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="container pt-4 js-view-dom-id-e51c2ac81f01abf89ff61f7311c7631f36586db36288b9b49bbc3d7d8fe45301"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="highlighted px-xl-5"> <aside class="container-fluid section clearfix" role="complementary"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </aside> </div> <div id="main-wrapper" class="layout-main-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="maincontent" class="container-fluid px-xl-5" style="background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240,242,248,1) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,1) 33%);"> <div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left clearfix pb-3 pt-2 mx-auto"> <main class="main-content col" id="content" role="main"> <section class="section"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-barrio-subtheme-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <article data-history-node-id="106910" role="article"> <div> <div class="row row-cols-1 presentation_details"> <div class="col"> <div class="card shadow h-100"> <div id="custom-loader" class="ajax-throbber sk-chase"> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> </div> <div class="product-display-container" data-content-id=106910></div> <span class="position-relative"> <div id="iframeHolder"></div> </span> <div class="card-body"> <h1 class="h2 card-title"><a href="#"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Definitions and Criteria</span> </a></h1> <h2 class="h4 fw-normal">George Gala, Chunming Ma</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-doi field--type-string field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">DOI</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.17023/6xz9-n140">10.17023/6xz9-n140</a></div> </div> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"> <li class="list-group-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 col-lg-8 h6 lh-base"> <div class="field field--name-field-organizational-unit field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="field field--name-field-pricing-label field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">PES</div> </div> Members: <span class="price"> Free </span> <br> IEEE Members: <span class="price">$11.00</span><br> Non-members: <span class="price">$15.00</span> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-4 h6 text-end">Pages/Slides: 35</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div id="ed-custom-loader" class="ajax-throbber sk-chase"> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> <div class="sk-chase-dot"></div> </div> <div class="ed-product-display-container" data-content-id=106910></div> </div> </div> <article class="pt-5 pb-0"> <div class="card-text row mb-3"> <div class="col-12 mb-0 h5"> <div class="fontawesome-icons"> <div class="fontawesome-icon"> <i class="far fa-file-pdf" data-fa-transform="" data-fa-mask="" style="--fa-primary-color: #000000; --fa-secondary-color: #000000;"></i> </div> </div> Webinar 09 Nov 2024 </div> </div> <p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">Session one of a four part series, helps the audience to better understand the concepts of electrical clearance, the calculation of BIL, BSL, and insulation coordination. Most substations are located in fenced-off areas above ground. In cities substations may be constructed in buildings or underground. Energized conductors and connecting buswork within a substation or switchyard are usually bare (non-insulated) and are installed on insulators that provide insulation from the ground. Insulation from other energized and grounded objects is provided by proper air distances (clearances). Sufficient clearances among ground and various energized air-insulated equipment are required to prevent (minimize the probability of) sparkovers and flashovers which would disrupt the operation and integrity not only of the affected equipment but also of the entire or large parts of the electric power system. IEEE Std 1427-2020 ?IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations? provides the required information.</div> </p> <div class="presentation_tags"> <div class="field field--name-field-presentation-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags:</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/ieee" hreflang="en">IEEE</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/pes" hreflang="en">pes</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/slides" hreflang="en">slides</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/presentation" hreflang="en">presentation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/webinar" hreflang="en">webinar</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/1427" hreflang="en">1427</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/georga-gala" hreflang="en">Georga Gala</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/tags/chunming-ma" hreflang="en">Chunming Ma</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockvalue-added-bundle-including-this-product-block-1" id="block-views-block-value-added-bundle-including-this-product-block-1"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-value-added-bundle-including-this-product view-id-value_added_bundle_including_this_product view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-97ed19e633860f30082473db3f1c9af48e003d739fe78644e52fab31e729adc5"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockpresentation-bundle-related-content" id="block-views-block-presentation-bundle-related-content"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="px-4 ps-0 view view-presentation-bundle view-id-presentation_bundle view-display-id-related_content js-view-dom-id-4a4db9202842b48edc4f1816b0d82dc880d2c39cd7c353f72b65a19716fbe489"> <div class="view-empty"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockproduct-card-block-2" id="block-views-block-product-card-block-2"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="more-like-this view view-product-card view-id-product_card view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-8a7239af7ed486123b2208c1dd1faf0fdd9b22df222c6d79ff9602828a2ce32b"> <div class="view-header"> <h3 class="highlight-color fs-3 fw-light px-4 ps-0 mt-3">More Like This</h3> </div> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-2 row-cols-lg-3 g-4 mb-4 mt-0"> <div class="col views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="106940" role="article" class="card shadow h-100"> <div class="card-img-top"> <a href="/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14272_102324_sld" rel="bookmark"> <div class="field field--name-field-part-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><img src="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_ED_WEB_14272_102324_SLD/PES_ED_WEB_14272_102324_SLD_thumbnail.webp" alt="Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Substation Insulation Coordination" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-text row"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="fontawesome-icons"> <div class="fontawesome-icon"> <i class="far fa-file-pdf" data-fa-transform="" data-fa-mask="" style="--fa-primary-color: #000000; --fa-secondary-color: #000000;"></i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-6 text-end">20 Nov 2024</div> </div> <h2 class="h6 card-title"> <a href="/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14272_102324_sld" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Substation Insulation Coordination</span> </a> </h5> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"> <li class="list-group-item"> <div class="field field--name-field-organizational-unit field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="field field--name-field-pricing-label field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">PES</div> </div> Members: <span class="price"> Free </span><br> IEEE Members: <span class="price"> $11.00 </span><br> Non-members: <span class="price"> $15.00 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="106942" role="article" class="card shadow h-100"> <div class="card-img-top"> <a href="/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14273_103024" rel="bookmark"> <div class="field field--name-field-part-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><img src="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_ED_WEB_14273_103024/PES_ED_WEB_14273_103024_thumbnail.webp" alt="Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Electrical Maintenance and Safety" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-text row"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="fontawesome-icons"> <div class="fontawesome-icon"> <i class="fas fa-circle-play" data-fa-transform="" data-fa-mask="" style="--fa-primary-color: #000000; --fa-secondary-color: #000000;"></i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-6 text-end">20 Nov 2024</div> </div> <h2 class="h6 card-title"> <a href="/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14273_103024" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Electrical Maintenance and Safety</span> </a> </h5> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"> <li class="list-group-item"> <div class="field field--name-field-organizational-unit field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="field field--name-field-pricing-label field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">PES</div> </div> Members: <span class="price"> Free </span><br> IEEE Members: <span class="price"> $11.00 </span><br> Non-members: <span class="price"> $15.00 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="106939" role="article" class="card shadow h-100"> <div class="card-img-top"> <a href="/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14272_102324" rel="bookmark"> <div class="field field--name-field-part-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><img src="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_ED_WEB_14272_102324/PES_ED_WEB_14272_102324_thumbnail.webp" alt="Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Substation Insulation Coordination" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-text row"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="fontawesome-icons"> <div class="fontawesome-icon"> <i class="fas fa-circle-play" data-fa-transform="" data-fa-mask="" style="--fa-primary-color: #000000; --fa-secondary-color: #000000;"></i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-6 text-end">20 Nov 2024</div> </div> <h2 class="h6 card-title"> <a href="/education/webinars/pes_ed_web_14272_102324" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Tutorial IEEE 1427 Standard- Substation Insulation Coordination</span> </a> </h5> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"> <li class="list-group-item"> <div class="field field--name-field-organizational-unit field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="field field--name-field-pricing-label field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">PES</div> </div> Members: <span class="price"> Free </span><br> IEEE Members: <span class="price"> $11.00 </span><br> Non-members: <span class="price"> $15.00 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> <div class="sidebar_second sidebar col-md-4 order-last p-4" id="sidebar_second"> <aside class="section" role="complementary"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blocksidebar-cta-block-1" id="block-views-block-sidebar-cta-block-1"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-sidebar-cta view-id-sidebar_cta view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-5c959abc30f3d77d8c3ae303c04f30c4de2c44bd14295e1dd95a74d8e2b6b8da"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="membership-cta mb-5"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sidebar-call-to-action"><div class="field-content"><h3>Become a PES Member</h3> <p>Enhance your education and professional development. Join the IEEE Power & Energy Society to access webinars, conference presentations, workshops, and more on the PES Resource Center.<br /><a href="https://www.ieee.org/membership-catalog/productdetail/showProductDetailPage.html?product=MEMPE031">Get Started »</a></p></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container mt-0 mb-5 block block-views block-views-blocktop-viewed-nodes-block-1" id="block-views-block-top-viewed-nodes-block-1"> <h2>Popular Resources</h2> <div class="content"> <div><div class="popular-resources view view-top-viewed-nodes view-id-top_viewed_nodes view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-142b2cab1e2c532edec5e42f9466e0efc3cc298155e5d146102ad8949e9d3ac5"> <div class="view-content row"> <div data-settings="{"grouping":{},"row_class":"","default_row_class":true,"uses_fields":false,"items":1,"margin":0,"nav":false,"autoplay":false,"autoplayHoverPause":false,"loop":false,"dots":true,"dimensionMobile":"0","itemsMobile":1,"dimensionDesktop":"0","itemsDesktop":1,"responsive":{"0":{"items":1}}}" class="owl-slider-wrapper owl-carousel owl-theme"> <div><div class="views-field views-field-field-part-number"><div class="field-content"><a href="/publications/technical-reports/pes_tp_tr124_itslc_100124"><img src="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_TP_TR124_ITSLC_100124/PES_TP_TR124_ITSLC_100124.webp" alt="Enabling Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Through Grid Modernization (TR124)" /> </a></div></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-field-part-number"><div class="field-content"><a href="/publications/technical-reports/pes_tp_tr77_psdp_stability_051320"><img src="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_TP_TR77_PSDP_STABILITY_051320/PES_TP_TR77_PSDP_STABILITY_051320.webp" alt="Stability definitions and characterization of dynamic behavior in systems with high penetration of power electronic interfaced technologies" /> </a></div></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-field-part-number"><div class="field-content"><a href="/conferences/general-meeting/pes_gm24_bndl"><img src="https://dyh28w2y3a9av.cloudfront.net/public/PES_GM24_BNDL/PES_GM24_BNDL.webp" alt="GM '24 Panel Session Bundle" /> </a></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid footer bg-dark text-white"> <footer> <div class="row mx-4 py-4"> <div class="col-12 text-center small mb-2"> <div class="footer-menu"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/">IEEE Home</a> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/about/contact.html">Contact & Support</a> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/accessibility-statement.html">Accessibility</a> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p9-26.html">Nondiscrimination Policy</a> <a href="https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/20410/index.html">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/security-privacy.html">IEEE Privacy Policy</a> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/about/help/site-terms-conditions.html">Terms</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 text-center small"> <div id="block-copyrightblock-2" class="block-content-copyright_block"> <p class="content"> © Copyright 2024 IEEE – All rights reserved. A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. </p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <style> :root { --domcol: #00b5e2; } </style> </div> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_Hab6U62qWMvec3lRFJWTj19vYHiYfgioWezxmtSEDd4.js"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_HPhRTItoiewsrkUsiexlJWVaoS2vWlYe5meYHjNWuGA.js"></script> <script src="//platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=65bbcb404df8ae001978a13f&product=sop" async></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_qQwqTVzncYyUCTr4S2YQDoRNn2T77UG_pFUKv2gv0s0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-f45112c3e159cadd17f","applicationID":"1098804788","transactionName":"NVFRNxZZDBVUVhFaVgwbcgAQUQ0IGnEXRkkDWG8NC1wHOnZaC0dLDVhfBhZkLAlRUDNaXBV3XA0QSg0KWVAXHgcUXVYU","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1793,"atts":"GRZSQV5DHxs=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>