CINXE.COM

Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials | ESS

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-8858311-13"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-8858311-13", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"page_path":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/hotjar/hotjar.script.js?sac9rm"></script> <link rel="image_src" href="/sites/default/files/images/hero/2018-10/beer_cover.png" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/ess/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/publications/future-science/engineering-materials" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/node/244096" /> <title>Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials | ESS</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_e9dgESbGtXgg71f19rQkwvZvXbP7YAP_3-IlRph0FCM.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,600,700" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_C3zpLvcRllkiWVgt6sALaIoUalXZkrQqBJKpi8e2354.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_yRQGPdI76XMtYWgmfeK7lLNtvU7etZO7qXGLqVvnyW0.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q" /> </head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <section id="block-sitemap" class="search-sitemap"> <div class="search-sitemap__inner"> <div class="search-sitemap__content"> <div class="views-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-search-page" id="block-search-form"> <form action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-search-page" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form"> <div class="form-item form-item-s js-form-item js-form-item-s js-form-type-textfield form-group"> <label for="edit-s" class="form-group__label">Search for</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-s" type="text" id="edit-s" name="s" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text input" placeholder="Search..." /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit button--primary" /> </div> </form> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-site-map-navigation-menu" id="block-site-map-navigation"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-site-map-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="sitemap__1-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-mandate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/335">The ESS Mandate</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The ESS Mandate sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-mandate/ess-story" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">The ESS Story</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/336">ESS Organisation</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle ESS Organisation sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation/governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/337">Governance</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Governance sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/councilmeetings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248057">Council Meetings</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-organisation/committees" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/338">Committees</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/news-press" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">News &amp; Press</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle News &amp; Press sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/media-bank" data-drupal-link-system-path="media-bank">Media Bank</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/redirects/articles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/579">Web Articles</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75864">Publications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/legal-ip" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/503">Legal</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Legal sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/privacy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact ESS</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-instruments" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science &amp; Instruments</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38">Science Using Neutrons</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science Using Neutrons sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic &amp; Electronic Phenomena</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology &amp; Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Life Science &amp; Soft Condensed Matter</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/particle-physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300">Particle Physics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/futurescience" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248051">Future Science: What will we see at ESS?</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Future Science: What will we see at ESS? sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/engineering-materials" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244096">Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/3D-printing-space-exploration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244102">Fine-tuning 3D printing for space exploration</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/fight-against-air-pollution" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245580">New tools in the fight against air pollution and global warming</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/exploring-powerhouse-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244103">Exploring the powerhouse of life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/better-superconductors-improve-cancer-diagnosis" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244109">Better superconductors to improve cancer diagnosis</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/most-effective-cancer-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245578">Bringing the most effective cancer drugs to market sooner</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/lighting-way-next-generation-energy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244115">Lighting the way to next generation solar energy</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/new-battery-materials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245269">New battery materials for a renewable energy future</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/promise-of-big-data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245306">Delivering on the Promise of Big Data</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/disorder-essential-to-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245263">Putting a finger on the disorder essential to life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/unlocking-secrets-of-water" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244118">Unlocking the secrets of water</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/instruments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/35">Instruments</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/beer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/560">BEER</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/bifrost" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/553">BIFROST</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/cspec" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571">CSPEC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/dream" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/561">DREAM</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/estia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/393">ESTIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/freia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/392">FREIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/heimdal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/576">HEIMDAL</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/loki" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/577">LOKI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/magic" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/636">MAGIC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/miracles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/637">MIRACLES</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/nmx" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/598">NMX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/odin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/599">ODIN</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/skadi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/638">SKADI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/t-rex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/639">T-REX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/vespa" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/640">VESPA</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/data-management-software-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/501">Data Management &amp; Software Centre</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Data Management &amp; Software Centre sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/data-management-software/computing-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/502">Computing Centre</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/labs-and-sample-environment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/507">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Labs and Sample Environment sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/premp" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/534">PREMP</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/fluco" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/535">FLUCO</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/tefi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/536">TEFI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/demax" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/537">DEMAX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/sulf" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/538">SULF</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/mesi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/539">MESI</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/node/248070" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248070">Committees</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/forusers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/540">For Users</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ESSscientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248090">ESS Scientists</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ScienceEvents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248100">Science Events</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/sciencehighlights" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248135">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/technology" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/accelerator" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/588">Accelerator</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Accelerator sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/597">How It Works</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/linac" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/606">LINAC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/beam-physics-operation-beam-diagnostics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Beam Physics &amp; Beam Diagnostics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/cryogenics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">Cryogenics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/vacuum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247984">Vacuum</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/radio-frequency-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/605">Radio Frequency Systems</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/acceleratorteststands" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247985">Accelerator Test Stands</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/target" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/587">Target</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Target sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/target/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/632">How the Target works</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/controls" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/590">Controls</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/building-project" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">The Building Project</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The Building Project sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/site-architecture-energy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/366">Site, Architecture &amp; Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/licensing-planning" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/367">Licensing &amp; Planning</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/radiation-protection-safety" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/368">Radiation Protection &amp; Safety</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/site-weekly-updates" data-drupal-link-system-path="site-weekly-updates/2023">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/aerial" data-drupal-link-system-path="aerial">Aerial Views</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/in-kind-contributions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/374">In-Kind Contributions</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/doing-business-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/347">Doing business with ESS</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Doing business with ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/supplierinformation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248056">Supplier Information</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/listings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/390">Procurement Listings</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/contract-award-notices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/391">Contract Award Notices</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/grants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/397">Grants</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/vacancies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Vacancies</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/332">Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/sweden" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/333">In Sweden</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/denmark" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334">In Denmark</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/family-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/302">ESS Family Support</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="site-container"> <header role="banner" class="site-header"> <div class="site-header__behind" data-behind-ess> <nav class="site-header__behind-list"> <a href="https://mail.esss.lu.se/owa/auth/logon.aspx?replaceCurrent=1&url=https%3a%2f%2fmail.esss.lu.se%2fowa%2f" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--email"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">Webmail</div> </a> <a href="https://confluence.esss.lu.se/login.action" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--inside"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">ESS Inside</div> </a> </nav> </div> <div id="block-mobile-menu" class="mobile-menu"> <nav id="block-main-navigation-mobile" class="mobile-nav"> <ul class="mobile-nav__items"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/about" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle About ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="About ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate">The ESS Mandate</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation">ESS Organisation</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/news-press">News &amp; Press</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/publications">Publications</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip">Legal</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/contact">Contact ESS</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item mobile-nav__item--current mobile-nav__item--active"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/science-instruments" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science &amp; Instruments</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science &amp; Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Science &amp; Instruments sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons">Science Using Neutrons</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/instruments">Instruments</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre">Data Management &amp; Software Centre</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070">Committees</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers">For Users</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists">ESS Scientists</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents">Science Events</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/technology" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Technology sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Technology sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator">Accelerator</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/target">Target</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/controls">Controls</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/building-ess" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Building ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Building ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/building-project">The Building Project</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/aerial">Aerial Views</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/partnerships" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Partnerships sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Partnerships sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions">In-Kind Contributions</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess">Doing business with ESS</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/grants">Grants</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/careers" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Careers sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Careers sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies">Vacancies</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia">Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support">ESS Family Support</a> </nav> </li></ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-top" class="site-header__top"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondary-navigation-menu" id="block-secondary-navigation" class="site-header__top-nav"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondary-navigation-menu">Secondary navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://publications.ess.eu/" title="ESS Publications Portal" class="navigation__link">Publications Portal</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/contact" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/news-press" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">Press</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a class="navigation__link" target="_blank" data-behind-ess-toggler> <i class="icon icon--arrow-down-small"></i>Behind ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-main" class="site-header__main"> <div class="site-header__main__inner"> <div id="block-site-branding" class="site-header__logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/ess/logo.svg" alt="Home" /> </a> </div> <nav class="site-header__main-menu" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-main-navigation-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-main-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation navigation--main-menu"> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/about" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/long%20pulse%20performance_550_0.png?h=633228d6&amp;itok=X8zqIpM_" width="90" height="90" alt="ess long pulse slide" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The ESS Mandate</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-09/organisation.jpg?itok=7wkglOG2" width="90" height="90" alt="organisation" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Organisation</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/news-press"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/_MG_3333.jpg?h=e3678651&amp;itok=whQzNdZU" width="90" height="90" alt="News and Press" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">News &amp; Press</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/publications"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2018-07/waterDreamPromo_300ppi.jpg?h=9003c45f&amp;itok=4h5uSAbr" width="90" height="90" alt="alt" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Publications</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-12/legalDoc_220.png?itok=hmVl8eiY" width="90" height="64" alt="legal and ip" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Legal</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/contact"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/ESS_Logo_Frugal_White-on-blue_cmyk_External%20Use.jpg?h=a53c1963&amp;itok=Aw6xfKL4" width="90" height="90" alt="contact ess " loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Contact ESS</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/science-instruments" class="navigation__link navigation__link--current" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science &amp; Instruments</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-08/MakowskaJParc_1200.jpg?h=293adc18&amp;itok=5hB199v8" width="90" height="90" alt="Science using neutrons" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Using Neutrons</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/instruments"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-07/instruments_blue_1200.png?h=b2a212ad&amp;itok=JzaQVGuf" width="90" height="90" alt="instruments" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Instruments</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/dmsc%20chevron%20banner_1400.png?h=66b05cb6&amp;itok=L_wKTjh7" width="90" height="90" alt="dmsc" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Data Management &amp; Software Centre</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/Magnet_4.jpg?h=00e18867&amp;itok=zKHA4a7j" width="90" height="90" alt="sss magnet" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Labs and Sample Environment</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-12/IKON17_formation%20sign_Full%20external%20view%20-%20May%20be%20used%20freely%20in%20alla%20available%20channels.%20.jpg?itok=Ncd8qJ-n" width="90" height="60" alt="Inauguration" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Committees</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2023-12/E04%20lab%20people%20Katrin.JPG?itok=QAtE_ZzV" width="90" height="53" alt="Lab Kat" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">For Users</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-09/3792558.jpg?itok=8Strvvz3" width="90" height="60" alt="Scientist at work" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Scientists</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-02/diffraction.png?itok=yLNb-GsF" width="90" height="49" alt="diffraction" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Events</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-10/Science%20papers%20%282%29.jpeg?itok=zZguiNS8" width="90" height="44" alt="Science papers image" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Highlights of Published Papers</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/technology" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/acc_banner_1000.png?h=cb801f2f&amp;itok=EC37vyla" width="90" height="90" alt="ess accelerator" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Accelerator</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/target"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/target6_Internal%20Use_External%20View.png?h=ff15ea50&amp;itok=XO28MPl3" width="90" height="90" alt="target monolith" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Target</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/controls"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2018-09/Screen%20Shot%202018-09-13%20at%2017.05.48.png?h=a10cddb0&amp;itok=X1_iSQnJ" width="90" height="90" alt="ess ics" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Controls</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/building-ess" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/building-project"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/A02-40_level100_drawing_1200.png?h=53a98cd7&amp;itok=F9Us25Lr" width="90" height="90" alt="Building project" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The Building Project</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2018-07/P1140318_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.jpg?h=c7bfd0d4&amp;itok=9lwg-gR4" width="90" height="90" alt="weekly construction updates" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Progress reports from the ESS site</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/aerial"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/18012016-193-1_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=0273d20e&amp;itok=2p1nefxU" width="90" height="90" alt="ess aerial snow" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Aerial Views</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/partnerships" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/tartu2.png?h=9195438e&amp;itok=L3Hm0xYi" width="90" height="90" alt="tartu pump probe" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">In-Kind Contributions</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/P1090741_Internal%20Use%20Only.jpg?h=4e9d5992&amp;itok=PgyVtvfk" width="90" height="90" alt="procurement" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Doing business with ESS</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/grants"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/20131004_Partner%20and%20Industry%20Day%209.jpg?h=d142f1ab&amp;itok=OjUzVEZE" width="90" height="90" alt="partner day" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Grants</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/careers" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/staffMontage_1919.jpg?h=ef1077af&amp;itok=wBEDJhQO" width="90" height="90" alt="careers" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Vacancies</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/bridge_blue_2000.jpg?h=0d105c19&amp;itok=auzcJxmP" width="90" height="90" alt="scandinavia" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/15062017-276-48-RE_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=001871cd&amp;itok=Ry_F7Xe2" width="90" height="90" alt="family" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Family Support</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <button class="button-icon" mobile-menu-toggler> <i class="icon icon--burger" mobile-menu-open-icon></i> <i class="icon icon--close" style="display: none;" mobile-menu-close-icon></i> </button> <div class="site-header__search"> <button class="sitemap-toggler"><i class="icon icon--search"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="site-messages"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main class="site-content" role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-content"> <div class="node node--type-topic node--view-mode-full"> <div class="topic-tier-one"> <header class="topic-tier-one__header"> <div class="content-topic-hero-image fade-linear"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/topic_image_tier_one/public/images/hero/2018-10/beer_cover.png?itok=DdqTVvbB 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1653" height="842"/> <img class="image" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/topic_image_tier_one/public/images/hero/2018-10/beer_cover.png?itok=DdqTVvbB" width="1653" height="842" alt="BEER Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials" /> </picture> </div> <h1 class="content-topic-title">Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials</h1> <p class="intro content-topic-hero-text">How will science help to establish the suitability of new materials for aircraft, high-speed trains and other high-stakes applications? <br /> <br /> The European Spallation Source will enable researchers to observe in unprecedented detail the impact of real-world conditions on promising novel materials, enabling innovative applications across the engineering spectrum.</p> </header> <div class="topic-tier-one__content"> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="658dfaa8-64ea-40c1-b112-47316be962d8" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-call-to-action embedded-block-content-call-to-action--full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="call-to-action call-to-action--"> <p>This feature is part of the <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/futurescience"><strong>Future Science</strong></a> series; a set of stories highlighting some of the research opportunities that will be made possible by the instruments under construction at ESS. </p> <a href="/futurescience" class="button button--primary">Future Science</a> </div> </div> <p class="lead text-align-justify">Fast, safe and efficient transportation relies on strong, lightweight and heat-resistant materials. However, the materials used for planes and trains today are reaching their performance limits. As engineers and manufacturers continue to innovate, they demand more from their materials and inevitably confront even greater barriers to realise their vision.</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--two-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <p class="text-align-justify">To create new materials that meet the needs of tomorrow’s innovations, scientists are working to manipulate material properties, but this is a careful balancing act. The engines on jets, for instance, must withstand temperatures up to 2000ºC while continuing to operate safely and reliably. The higher the temperature and the longer one can sustain it during combustion, the more efficient the process becomes – so pushing these limits with new materials could have a significant impact on the carbon footprint of future air travel.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">In order to meet this challenge, scientists need a greater understanding of the composition and multilevel crystalline structures of promising materials in order to better predict how they will react to the stresses and strains – and heat – endured through both the manufacturing process and the life-cycle of their operation. Where this knowledge falls short, manufacturers are reliant on empirical trial-and-error, which can be too time consuming and too expensive to invest in.</p> </section> <section class="section section--text"> <p class="text-align-justify">Materials for engineering applications are typically extremely complex. Different crystalline structures exist side by side in these materials, and their microscopic organisation will determine the macroscopic characteristics and viability of the material. Under everyday and not-so-everyday environmental conditions, a combination of internal stresses and micro-strains can be what leads a material to fail.</p> <h3>What will we see at ESS?</h3> <p class="text-align-justify">At ESS, materials will be investigated in real-time in the midst of real-world processing or operational conditions. The results will contribute to the confidence needed to send new technologies skyward.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">Neutrons are invaluable to engineering research because of their ability to probe deeply and non-destructively into dense matter. Uniquely, the BEER instrument at ESS will enable real-time material analysis down to the scale of individual atoms. Furthermore, it will do this during fast processes taking place under actual manufacturing conditions like welding or forging. This will provide the critical details to interpret what happens to a material during processing, and ultimately how this may impact a machine’s performance.</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="2bbc7e6e-2d17-443e-81b2-975ce8cdbd5c" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-blockquote embedded-block-content-blockquote--full"> <div><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>Advanced structural materials will play an important role in clean transport systems in the future, ensuring that the European manufacturing industry remains competitive.</p> </blockquote> </div> </div> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_wide" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="8ed9639c-ced0-4411-a652-d5ef80016764" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2018-10/BEER%20Bottom%20Left_web.jpg"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/BEER%20Bottom%20Left_web.jpg?h=fdcc0d3e&amp;itok=2toLRdOB 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="641"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/BEER%20Bottom%20Left_web.jpg?h=fdcc0d3e&amp;itok=2toLRdOB" width="1920" height="641" alt="BEER nickel-based super-alloy microstructure" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>This nickel-based super-alloy microstructure, pictured by electron microscopy, can operate in the combustion chambers of engines. This is due to the precipitation of one structural phase within another, seen here as black islands on white. Experiments with neutrons at ESS will help to reveal real-time changes in this complex material.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--two-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <p class="text-align-justify">Today, scientists have very limited opportunities to simultaneously analyse both the material composition and the variety of structural formations in samples under live conditions. The interplay of these properties therefore often remains unclear. The BEER instrument will utilise the long, high-flux neutron pulses of ESS together with dedicated sample environment equipment to present this full picture over a wide range of length scales for the first time.</p> <p> </p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.landscape_large" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="e5fed3f7-bfbb-469c-a417-cfe5f80eb75b" class="align-center embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--landscape-large" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="media media-image media-image--landscape-large"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/beer_hexagon_composite.png?itok=9eWHWdCX 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="880" height="656"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/beer_hexagon_composite.png?itok=9eWHWdCX" width="880" height="656" alt="engineering materials" /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> </section> <section class="section section--text"> <p class="text-align-justify">Moreover, the unprecedented brightness of the ESS neutron beams will enable even deeper penetration into bulky samples than what is possible today. In addition to studying samples of freestanding new materials, BEER will also investigate the behaviour of materials embedded in prototypes and machine components, both under environmental stress and during operation. Neutrons are non-destructive, so there is no danger to valuable parts that are being tested.</p> <h3>Beyond transport</h3> <p class="text-align-justify">Advanced structural materials will play an important role in clean transport systems in the future, ensuring that the European manufacturing industry remains competitive. Research conducted on Europe’s future flagship engineering diffractometer, BEER, also has the potential to advance the engineering of basic civil infrastructure such as bridges and tunnels, to improve the designs of prosthetics for increased comfort and quality of life, and to deliver on the promise of more efficient wind turbines to support the development of renewable energy sources.</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_wide" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="e5e4ea76-8500-4229-b5ab-82b2fb4381ca" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2018-10/107770_shutterstock_780769981_CMYK_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.jpg"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/107770_shutterstock_780769981_CMYK_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.jpg?h=ba005de6&amp;itok=q7vgQpI4 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="640"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/107770_shutterstock_780769981_CMYK_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.jpg?h=ba005de6&amp;itok=q7vgQpI4" width="1920" height="640" alt="forge hydraulic hammer shapes the hot material" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>A hydraulic hammer shapes the hot material as it rapidly cools in a forge – a commonly used process in the production of machine parts. ESS will have a furnace and hammer inside the BEER instrument, enabling real-time neutron monitoring of the microstructures in the material as it is reshaped and rapidly cooled into its final form. This allows researchers to control the final material properties.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--divided layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <h3>BEER</h3> <p class="text-align-justify"><a href="/instruments/beer">BEER</a> is a time-of-flight materials engineering diffractometer designed to enable investigations of structural materials during processing, during operation and within simulated service environments.</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_wide" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="675da7ca-cbd4-4597-93f9-dfa3cbfba2ea" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2018-10/instruments_layout_beer.png"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/instruments_layout_beer.png?itok=O4T_UOKE 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1920" height="1478"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/instruments_layout_beer.png?itok=O4T_UOKE" width="1920" height="1478" alt="Instruments layout - BEER" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> </section> <section class="section section--text"> <p>Fifteen instruments are currently under construction at ESS.</p> <p>The in-kind partner institutions collaborating with ESS to design and build <a href="/instruments/beer">BEER</a> are:</p> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="f97f252a-da9f-48fe-8b65-edd1711d5b17" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-partner-grid embedded-block-content-partner-grid--full"> <div class="partner-grid"> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2018-10/ujf_logo_text.png?itok=MSInNsUv" width="440" height="164" alt="" loading="lazy" /></a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2018-10/HZG_web.jpg?itok=jdgZYlJ0" width="440" height="138" alt="" loading="lazy" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="cc41d369-248e-4a22-ba61-80da4f69c80f" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-call-to-action embedded-block-content-call-to-action--full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="call-to-action call-to-action--"> <p><em>Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials</em></p> <a href="/sites/default/files/files/document/2018-09/107770_v12_Proof_ESS_Early_Science_4pp_BEER_DIGITAL.pdf" class="button button--primary">Download PDF</a> </div> </div> <p>This feature is part of an ongoing <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/publications#future"><strong>Future Science</strong></a> series; a set of stories highlighting some of the research opportunities that will be made possible by <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/instruments">instruments currently under construction</a> at ESS.</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.landscape_medium" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="69a67fe1-e4b6-4a62-a902-22b5632b4cc0" class="align-left embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--landscape-medium" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="media media-image media-image--landscape-medium"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/brightness_eu_logos_composite.png?itok=KXLKWVs4 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="880" height="101"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/brightness_eu_logos_composite.png?itok=KXLKWVs4" width="880" height="101" alt="brightness + eu" /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> </div> <footer class="topic-tier-one__footer"> <div class="topic-tier-one__footer__inner"><div class="views-element-container entity-row related-articles site-section"> <div class="row"> <h2 class="related-articles__title">Related Articles</h2> </div> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-ccfe1dffb0a86bbb8bc963950d7118c1fc42e81619896cd6a834a58845b8cb93"> <div class="row"> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/01/17/ess-hosts-instrument-consortium-executive-board-meeting" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-01/ICEB%20group%20photo%20iceberg.JPG?itok=OKAEo6IR 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-01/ICEB%20group%20photo%20iceberg.JPG?itok=OKAEo6IR" width="640" height="460" alt="ICEB group photo" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/01/17/ess-hosts-instrument-consortium-executive-board-meeting" rel="bookmark"> ESS Hosts Instrument Consortium Executive Board Meeting </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-01-17">Jan 17, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/01/17/ess-hosts-instrument-consortium-executive-board-meeting" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2023/09/08/plug-and-play-integration-sample-environment-equipment-successfully-demonstrated" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-09/YMIR%20PnP%20group%20photo-2.JPG?itok=oYb8BOLS 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-09/YMIR%20PnP%20group%20photo-2.JPG?itok=oYb8BOLS" width="640" height="460" alt="YMIR team pic" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2023/09/08/plug-and-play-integration-sample-environment-equipment-successfully-demonstrated" rel="bookmark"> &quot;Plug and Play&quot; Integration of Sample Environment Equipment Successfully Demonstrated </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2023-09-08">Sep 08, 2023</time><a href="/article/2023/09/08/plug-and-play-integration-sample-environment-equipment-successfully-demonstrated" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2023/08/31/first-neutron-detectors-arrive-ess" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-08/D03%20LOKI%20Detector%20team-2.JPG?itok=tM0VAG3N 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-08/D03%20LOKI%20Detector%20team-2.JPG?itok=tM0VAG3N" width="640" height="460" alt="Detector Group" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2023/08/31/first-neutron-detectors-arrive-ess" rel="bookmark"> First Neutron Detectors Arrive at ESS </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2023-08-31">Aug 31, 2023</time><a href="/article/2023/08/31/first-neutron-detectors-arrive-ess" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2023/06/02/understanding-programmed-cell-death-crucial-bodys-prevention-cancer" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-06/Hanna%20Wracklin%20and%20ISIS%20Bax_GG%20Fig%202.png?itok=LibvvSUF 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-06/Hanna%20Wracklin%20and%20ISIS%20Bax_GG%20Fig%202.png?itok=LibvvSUF" width="640" height="460" alt="Hanna Wracklin fig 1" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2023/06/02/understanding-programmed-cell-death-crucial-bodys-prevention-cancer" rel="bookmark"> Understanding programmed cell death – crucial to the body’s prevention of cancer </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2023-06-02">Jun 02, 2023</time><a href="/article/2023/06/02/understanding-programmed-cell-death-crucial-bodys-prevention-cancer" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/articles" class="button-link button-link--primary">See all articles<i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-section"> <div><div class="block_content block_content--type-no_dead_end block_content--view-mode-full"> <div class="no-dead-ends"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4"> <div class="block-region-left"> <div class="card card--cover card--overlay card--inverse"> <a class="anchor-cover" href="/about"></a> <img class="image" class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/block_teaser_portrait/public/images/media/2018-02/ESS%20Campus.png?itok=r1VJv56G" width="440" height="564" alt="alt" loading="lazy" /> <div class="card__image-overlay card__image-overlay--fade-dark-linear"> <div class="card__block card__block--bottom"> <h2 class="card__title">About ESS</h2> <p class="card__text" data-overflow-ellipsis>The New Global Neutron Science Hub</p> </div> <div class="card__footer"> <a class="button-link button-link--secondary" href="/about"> <div class="button-link__content">Read more</div> <i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <div class="block-region-right-top"><div class="card card--cover card--overlay card--inverse"> <a class="anchor-cover" href="/building-ess"></a> <img class="image" class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/block_teaser_wide/public/images/media/2018-05/DJI_0007_External%20Use_0.jpg?itok=fLYQnvvc" width="920" height="262" alt="ess construction site drone view north" loading="lazy" /> <div class="card__image-overlay card__image-overlay--fade-light"> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title">Building ESS</h3> <p class="card__text" data-overflow-ellipsis>ESS is growing daily. See the weekly progress, aerial views of the site and live webcams.</p> </div> <div class="card__footer"> <a class="button-link button-link--secondary" href="/building-ess"> <div class="button-link__content">See the construction progress</div> <i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="block-region-right-bottom-left"> <div class="card card--cover"> <a class="anchor-cover" href="/careers/vacancies"></a> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title">Vacancies</h3> <p class="card__text" data-overflow-ellipsis>The European Spallation Source recruits globally to fill a broad range of positions.</p> </div> <div class="card__footer"> <a class="button-link" href="/careers/vacancies"> <div class="button-link__content">See listings</div> <i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="block-region-right-bottom-right"> <div class="card card--cover card--overlay card--inverse"> <a class="anchor-cover" href="/contact/tours-visits"></a> <img class="image" class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/block_teaser_small/public/images/teaser/2017-07/m%C3%B6lleg%C3%A5rden_besk.jpg?itok=9d4kUYp1" width="440" height="262" alt="homepage" loading="lazy" /> <div class="card__image-overlay card__image-overlay--fade-light"> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title">ESS-MAX IV Visitor&#039;s Centre</h3> <p class="card__text" data-overflow-ellipsis>Arrange a visit to the ESS site.</p> </div> <div class="card__footer"> <a class="button-link button-link--secondary" href="/contact/tours-visits"> <div class="button-link__content">Visit ESS</div> <i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo" class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__section"> <div class="site-footer__logo"> <object class="site-footer__logo-graphic" data="https://europeanspallationsource.se/themes/custom/ess/graphics/logo-small.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object> </div> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <span>&copy; ESS. All rights reserved</span> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__section"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu-menu" id="block-footer-menu" class="site-footer__menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-footer-menu-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/user/login" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/privacy" title="ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://sress.ess.eu/" title="SRE ESS" class="navigation__link">SRE ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="site-footer__social-media" role="list" > <a href="http://www.twitter.com/essneutron" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Twitter" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--twitter"></i></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/europeanspallationsource" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Facebook" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--facebook"></i></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/326252" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on LinkedIn" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--linkedin"></i></a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/244096","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"entity_embed\/caption,ess\/behind-ess,ess\/custom-images,ess\/font.source-sans-pro,ess\/global,ess\/icons.font-awesome,ess\/legacy-content,ess\/main-menu,ess\/mobile-menu,ess\/sitemap,ess\/tables,extlink\/drupal.extlink,google_analytics\/google_analytics,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,system\/base,views\/views.module","theme":"ess","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search":true},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-8858311-13","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"127.0.0.1:8000","extInclude":"sites\/default\/files\/","extCssExclude":".site-footer__social-media,\r\n.twitter-block,\r\n.site-header\r\n","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":null}},"panels_ipe":{"user_permission":null},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"f4b00ee70f94a9cc458caba3970910ce9ead53226f53385045fb7c2b72e3cc73"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_e_pwGRoYK4B3kZeXU-dC_FAqotboucQQw7046dqrXrQ.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q"></script> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/e87ab3b287.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_7j34Gx6PUUmOn2XGCTEpuNPQoB2LDAW78Z5l76Q8aPo.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10