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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of historical antipopes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_historical_antipopes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of historical antipopes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_historical_antipopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quasi-cardinal-nephews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quasi-cardinal-nephews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Quasi-cardinal-nephews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quasi-cardinal-nephews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_minor_claimants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_minor_claimants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern minor claimants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_minor_claimants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antipope_of_Alexandria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antipope_of_Alexandria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Antipope of Alexandria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antipope_of_Alexandria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_and_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_and_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links and bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links_and_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antipope</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenpous" title="Teenpous – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teenpous" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gegenpapst" title="Gegenpapst – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gegenpapst" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81" title="البابا المزيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البابا المزيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B9i-li%CC%8Dp_k%C3%A0u-h%C3%B4ng" title="Tùi-li̍p kàu-hông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tùi-li̍p kàu-hông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Антыпапа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антыпапа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Антипапа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антипапа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eneppab" title="Eneppab – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eneppab" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzdoropape%C5%BE" title="Vzdoropapež – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vzdoropapež" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwrth-bab" title="Gwrth-bab – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwrth-bab" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modpave" title="Modpave – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Modpave" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gegenpapst" title="Gegenpapst – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gegenpapst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastupaavst" title="Vastupaavst – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vastupaavst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αντίπαπας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντίπαπας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontra%C5%ADpapo" title="Kontraŭpapo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontraŭpapo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="ضد پاپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ضد پاپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipape" title="Antipape – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antipape" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tui-li%CC%8Dp_kau-f%C3%B2ng" title="Tui-li̍p kau-fòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tui-li̍p kau-fòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A6%BD%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9" title="대립교황 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대립교황" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Հակապապ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հակապապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protupapa" title="Protupapa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Protupapa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipaus" title="Antipaus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antipaus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אנטי-אפיפיור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטי-אפיפיור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ანტიპაპების სია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტიპაპების სია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9igepoopst" title="Géigepoopst – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Géigepoopst" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipopie%C5%BEius" title="Antipopiežius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antipopiežius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellenp%C3%A1pa" title="Ellenpápa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ellenpápa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Антипапа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антипапа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipaus" title="Antipaus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antipaus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegenpaus" title="Tegenpaus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tegenpaus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BE%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87" title="対立教皇 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="対立教皇" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motpave" title="Motpave – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Motpave" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antypapie%C5%BC" title="Antypapież – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antypapież" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipap%C4%83" title="Antipapă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antipapă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Антипапа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антипапа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Antipope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protip%C3%A1pe%C5%BE" title="Protipápež – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Protipápež" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protipape%C5%BE" title="Protipapež – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protipapež" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Антипапа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антипапа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastapaavi" title="Vastapaavi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vastapaavi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motp%C3%A5ve" title="Motpåve – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Motpåve" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="எதிர்-திருத்தந்தை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எதிர்-திருத்தந்தை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="ผู้อ้างตนเป็นพระสันตะปาปา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้อ้างตนเป็นพระสันตะปาปา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Антипапа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антипапа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE" title="ضد پوپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ضد پوپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_ho%C3%A0ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_l%E1%BA%ADp" title="Giáo hoàng đối lập – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hoàng đối lập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipapa" title="Antipapa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Antipapa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="对立教宗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="对立教宗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="對立教宗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="對立教宗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="對立教宗 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person who claims to be, but is not recognized as, the legitimate pope</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the book by Robert Rankin, see <a href="/wiki/The_Antipope" title="The Antipope">The Antipope</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Anti-Papalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Papalism">Anti-Papalism</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade,_Rome,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St. Peter's Basilica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2975" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, Vatican City</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Overview</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Liturgy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magisterium" title="Magisterium">Magisterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Organisation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theologies</a></li><li>Doctrine</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Ghost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantialitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinum_illud_munus" title="Divinum illud munus">Divinum illud munus</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Divine_law" title="Divine law">Divine law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Decalogus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Ex Cathedra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">Deificatio</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Realms beyond the States of the Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo">Limbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Hell in Christianity">Hell</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_mystery" title="Paschal mystery">Paschal mystery</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Blessed Virgin Mary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mater Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven" title="Queen of Heaven">Queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediatrix" title="Mediatrix">Mediatrix</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_desire" title="Baptism of desire">Baptism of desire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_blood" title="Baptism of blood">Baptism of blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_Ecclesiam_nulla_salus" title="Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus">Outside the Church there is no salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infused_righteousness" title="Infused righteousness">Infused righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invincible_ignorance_(Catholic_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invincible ignorance (Catholic theology)">Invincible ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Means_of_grace" title="Means of grace">Means of grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Christianity)" title="Merit (Christianity)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">Mortal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_theory_of_atonement" title="Satisfaction theory of atonement">Satisfaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_influence_theory_of_atonement" title="Moral influence theory of atonement">Moral influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synergism" title="Synergism">Synergism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venial_sin" title="Venial sin">Venial sin</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_of_faith" title="Deposit of faith">Deposit of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystici_corporis_Christi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystici corporis Christi">Mystical Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Perfect community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Other teachings</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_the_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic theology of the body">Body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Body" title="Theology of the Body">Lectures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_sexuality" title="Catholic theology of sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination#Catholicism" title="Predestination">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatific_vision" title="Beatific vision">Beatific vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Official Bible</li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Apostolic exhortation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Epistula Encyclica</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Virtues">Cardinal Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Catholic ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism#Catholic_personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> <p><br /> Schools </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">Devotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Rites</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgy</a>:</li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Post-Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Use of Sarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><br /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a>:</li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Miscellaneous</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antipopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Deism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Deism">Deism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Pandeism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Monasticism</a></li></ul> <p>Relations with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic%E2%80%93Eastern_Orthodox_relations" title="Catholic–Eastern Orthodox relations">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic-Protestant_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic-Protestant relations">Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Societal issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_homosexuality" title="Catholic Church and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">in the United States</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_gender_roles_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sex and gender roles in the Catholic Church">Sex and gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_slavery" title="Catholic Church and slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">the Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Links and resources</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" 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solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>antipope</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">antipapa</i>) is a person who claims to be <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a> and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> in opposition to the legitimately elected <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by factions within the Church itself and <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> rulers. </p><p>Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish which of two claimants should be called pope and which antipope, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_VIII" title="Pope Leo VIII">Pope Leo VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_V" title="Pope Benedict V">Pope Benedict V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a> (d. 235) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against <a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Pope Callixtus I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pope Pontian</a>, and both he and Pontian are honoured as <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> by the Catholic Church with a shared <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> on 13 August. Whether two or more persons have been confused in this account of Hippolytus<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and whether Hippolytus actually declared himself to be the Bishop of Rome remains unclear, since no such claim by Hippolytus has been cited in the writings attributed to him. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> quotes<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from an unnamed earlier writer the story of Natalius, a <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_3rd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the 3rd century">3rd-century</a> <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> who accepted the bishopric of the <a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dix_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dix-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a heretical group in Rome. Natalius soon repented and tearfully begged <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Pope Zephyrinus</a> to receive him into communion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Novatian" title="Novatian">Novatian</a> (d. 258), another third-century figure, certainly claimed the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">See of Rome</a> in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Pope Cornelius</a>, and if Natalius and Hippolytus were excluded because of the uncertainties concerning them, Novatian could then be said to be the first antipope. </p><p>The period in which antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the popes and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperors</a> of the 11th and 12th centuries. The emperors frequently imposed their own nominees to further their own causes. The popes, likewise, sometimes sponsored rival imperial claimants (<a href="/wiki/Anti-king" title="Anti-king">anti-kings</a>) in Germany to overcome a particular emperor. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> – which began in <a href="/wiki/1378" title="1378">1378</a>, when the French cardinals, claiming that the election of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VI" title="Pope Urban VI">Pope Urban VI</a> was invalid, elected antipope <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VII" title="Antipope Clement VII">Clement VII</a> as a rival to the Roman Pope – led eventually to two competing lines of antipopes: the <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon line</a> as Clement VII moved back to <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" title="Council of Pisa">Pisan</a> line. The Pisan line, which began in <a href="/wiki/1409" title="1409">1409</a>, was named after the town of Pisa, Italy, where the (Pisan) council had elected antipope <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Alexander_V" title="Antipope Alexander V">Alexander V</a> as a third claimant. To end the schism, in May <a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a> deposed antipope <a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">John XXIII</a> of the Pisan line. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII" title="Pope Gregory XII">Pope Gregory XII</a> of the Roman line resigned in July 1415. In <a href="/wiki/1417" title="1417">1417</a>, the council also formally deposed antipope <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Benedict XIII</a> of Avignon, but he adamantly refused to resign. Afterwards, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a> was elected and was accepted everywhere except in the small and rapidly diminishing area of influence of Benedict XIII. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_historical_antipopes">List of historical antipopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of historical antipopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table gives the names of the antipopes included in the list of popes and antipopes in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i>, with the addition of the names of Natalius (in spite of doubts about his historicity) and <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VIII" title="Antipope Clement VIII">Antipope Clement VIII</a> (whose following was insignificant).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An asterisk marks those who were included in the conventional numbering of later popes who took the same name. More commonly, the antipope is ignored in later papal regnal numbers; for example, there was an <a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">Antipope John XXIII</a>, but the new Pope John elected in 1958 was also called <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a>. For the additional confusion regarding popes named John, see <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_numbering" title="Pope John numbering">Pope John numbering</a>. </p><p>The list of popes and antipopes in the <i>Annuario Pontificio</i> attaches the following note to the name of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_VIII" title="Pope Leo VIII">Pope Leo VIII</a> (963–965): </p> <blockquote><p>At this point, as again in the mid-11th century, we come across <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">elections</a> in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a> make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>. The uncertainty that in some cases results has made it advisable to abandon the assignation of successive numbers in the list of the popes.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Thus, because of the obscurities about mid-11th-century canon law and the historical facts, the <i>Annuario Pontificio</i> lists <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_III" title="Pope Sylvester III">Sylvester III</a> as a pope, without thereby expressing a judgement on his legitimacy. The <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> places him in its <i>List of Popes</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with the annotation: "Considered by some to be an antipope". Other sources classify him as an antipope.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Celestine II resigned before being consecrated and enthroned in order to avoid a schism, Oxford's <i>A Dictionary of Popes</i> (2010) considers he "...is classified, unfairly, as an antipope",<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an opinion historian <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)" title="Salvador Miranda (historian)">Salvador Miranda</a> also shares.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those with asterisks (*) were counted in subsequent papal numbering. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pontificate </th> <th>Common English name </th> <th>Regnal (Latin) name </th> <th>Personal name </th> <th>Place of birth </th> <th>Age at election/<br />Death or resigned </th> <th>Years as<br />antipope<br />(days) </th> <th>Notes </th> <th>In opposition to </th></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 199</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 200</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Natalius" title="Antipope Natalius">Natalius</a></td> <td>Natalius</td> <td>Natalius</td> <td>c. 159 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td>38 / 48</td> <td>1 year, 0 days (365)</td> <td>Later reconciled (see above)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">20 Dec 217 – 28 Sep 235</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Saint Hippolytus</a></td> <td rowspan="3">Hippolytus</td> <td rowspan="3">Hippolytus</td> <td rowspan="3">170 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td rowspan="3">45 / 65 (†66)</td> <td rowspan="3">17 years, 282 days (6491)</td> <td rowspan="3">Later reconciled with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pope Pontian</a> (see above)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Mar 251 – Aug 258</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Novatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Novatian">Novatian</a></td> <td rowspan="4">Novatianus</td> <td rowspan="4">Novatian</td> <td rowspan="4">c. 200 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td rowspan="4">51 / 58 (†93)</td> <td rowspan="4">7 years, 153 days (2710)</td> <td rowspan="4">Founder of <a href="/wiki/Novatianism" title="Novatianism">Novatianism</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 Apr 309 – 16 Aug 310</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Heraclius" title="Antipope Heraclius">Heraclius</a></td> <td>Heraclius</td> <td>Heraclius</td> <td>c. 265 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td>45 / 46</td> <td>1 year, 118 days (483)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>355 – 26 Nov 365</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Felix_II" title="Antipope Felix II">Felix II</a>*</td> <td>Felix secundus</td> <td>Felix</td> <td>c. 270 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td>80 / 90</td> <td>10 years, 329 days (3982)</td> <td>Installed by <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Liberius" title="Pope Liberius">Liberius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Oct 366 – 16 Nov 367</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Ursicinus" title="Antipope Ursicinus">Ursicinus</a></td> <td>Ursicinus</td> <td>Ursinus</td> <td>c. 300 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td>66 / 67</td> <td>1 year, 46 days (411)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 Dec 418 – 3 Apr 419</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Eulalius" title="Antipope Eulalius">Eulalius</a></td> <td>Eulalius</td> <td>Eulalius</td> <td>c. 370 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td>38 / 39 (†42)</td> <td>1 year, 46 days (411)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 Nov 498 – Aug 506/08</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Laurentius" title="Antipope Laurentius">Laurentius</a></td> <td>Laurentius</td> <td>Lorenzo Celio</td> <td>c. 460 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td>38 / 46 (†48)</td> <td>9 years, 283 days (3569)</td> <td>Supported by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_(emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastasius I (emperor)">Anastasius I</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 Sep 530 – 14 Oct 530</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Dioscorus" title="Antipope Dioscorus">Dioscorus</a></td> <td>Dioscurus</td> <td>Dióskoros</td> <td>c. 450 <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></td> <td>70 / 70</td> <td>22 days (22)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_II" title="Pope Boniface II">Boniface II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 Sep 687</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodore" title="Antipope Theodore">Theodore</a></td> <td>Theodorus</td> <td>Theodore</td> <td>c. 599 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Duchy of Rome</a></td> <td>88 / 88 (†92)</td> <td>97 days (97)</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 Sep 687</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Paschal_(687)" title="Antipope Paschal (687)">Paschal (I)</a></td> <td>Paschalis</td> <td>Pascale</td> <td>c. 598 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Duchy of Rome</td> <td>89 / 89 (†94)</td> <td>97 days (97)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 Jun 767 – 6 Aug 768</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Constantine_II" title="Antipope Constantine II">Constantine II</a></td> <td>Constantinus secundus</td> <td>Konstantinus</td> <td>c. 700 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Duchy of Rome</td> <td>67 / 68 (†69)</td> <td>1 year, 39 days (405)</td> <td></td> <td>Between <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_III" title="Pope Stephen III">Stephen III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 Jul 768</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Philip" title="Antipope Philip">Philip</a></td> <td>Philippus</td> <td>Philip</td> <td>c. 701 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Duchy of Rome</td> <td>68 / 68 (†99)</td> <td>0 days (0)</td> <td>Installed by envoy of <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombard King</a> <a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_III" title="Pope Stephen III">Stephen III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 Jan – 31 May 844</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_VIII" title="Antipope John VIII">John VIII</a></td> <td>Joannes octavus</td> <td>Giovanni</td> <td>c. 800 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>44 / 44 (†91)</td> <td>151 days (151)</td> <td>Elected by <a href="/wiki/Acclamation" title="Acclamation">acclamation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_II" title="Pope Sergius II">Sergius II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan 855 – 31 Mar 855</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_Bibliothecarius" title="Anastasius Bibliothecarius">Anastasius III Bibliothecarius</a></td> <td>Anastasius tertius</td> <td>Anastasius</td> <td>c. 810 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>45 / 45 (†68)</td> <td>89 days (89)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_III" title="Pope Benedict III">Benedict III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 Oct 903 – 27 Jan 904</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Christopher" title="Antipope Christopher">Christopher</a></td> <td>Christophorus</td> <td>Christoforo</td> <td>c. 850 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>53 / 54</td> <td>116 days (116)</td> <td></td> <td>Between <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_V" title="Pope Leo V">Leo V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_III" title="Pope Sergius III">Sergius III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jul 974</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Boniface_VII" title="Antipope Boniface VII">Boniface VII</a>*</td> <td rowspan="2">Bonifacius</td> <td rowspan="2">Franco Ferrucci</td> <td rowspan="2">c. 900 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td rowspan="2">73 / 73 and 84 / 85</td> <td rowspan="2">30 days (30)<br />334 days (334)<br /> total 364 days (364 days)</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td>Between <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_VI" title="Pope Benedict VI">Benedict VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_VII" title="Pope Benedict VII">Benedict VII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 Aug 984 – 20 Jul 985</td> <td>Between <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIV" title="Pope John XIV">John XIV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XV" title="Pope John XV">John XV</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 997 – Feb 998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XVI" title="Antipope John XVI">John XVI</a>*</td> <td>Joannes</td> <td>John Filagatto</td> <td>c. 941 <a href="/wiki/Rossano" title="Rossano">Rossano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (Italy)</td> <td>56 / 56 (†59)</td> <td>1 year, 0 days (365)</td> <td>Supported by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_V" title="Pope Gregory V">Gregory V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jun 1012</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VI" title="Antipope Gregory VI">Gregory VI</a></td> <td>Gregorius Sextus</td> <td>Gregorio</td> <td>c. 960 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>52 / 52 (†60)</td> <td>29 days (29)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_VIII" title="Pope Benedict VIII">Benedict VIII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 Apr 1058 – 24 Jan 1059</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_X" title="Antipope Benedict X">Benedict X</a>*</td> <td>Benedictus Decimus</td> <td>Giovanni Mincio dei <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Tusculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Tusculum">Conti di Tusculo</a></td> <td>c. 1000 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>,</td> <td>58 / 59 (†80)</td> <td>295 days (295 )</td> <td>Supported by the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Tusculum" title="Counts of Tusculum">Counts of Tusculum</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_II" title="Pope Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 1061 – 31 May 1064</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Honorius_II" title="Antipope Honorius II">Honorius II</a></td> <td>Honorius Secundus</td> <td>Pietro Cadalus</td> <td>1010 <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>51 / 54 (†62)</td> <td>2 years, 335 days (1065)</td> <td>Supported by <a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Poitou" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes de Poitou">Agnes</a>, regent of the Holy Roman Empire</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_II" title="Pope Alexander II">Alexander II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">25 Jun 1080, 21 Mar 1084 – 8 Sep 1100</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Clement III</a></td> <td rowspan="4">Clemens Tertius</td> <td rowspan="4">Guibert of Ravenna</td> <td rowspan="4">c. 1029 <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td rowspan="4">51 / 51, 54 / 71</td> <td rowspan="4">20 years, 44 days (7348)</td> <td rowspan="4">Supported by <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_III" title="Pope Victor III">Victor III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Urban II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Paschal II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 Sep 1100 – Jan 1101</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodoric" title="Antipope Theodoric">Theodoric</a></td> <td>Theodoricus</td> <td>Theodoro</td> <td>c. 1030 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>,</td> <td>70 / 71 (†72)</td> <td>121 days (−244)</td> <td>Successor to <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Clement III</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Paschal II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan 1101 – Feb 1102</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Adalbert" title="Antipope Adalbert">Adalbert or Albert</a></td> <td>Adalbertus</td> <td>Albert</td> <td>c. 1046 <a href="/wiki/Atella" title="Atella">Atella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>,</td> <td>55 / 56 (†85)</td> <td>31 days (31)</td> <td>Successor to <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodoric" title="Antipope Theodoric">Theodoric</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 Nov 1105 – 11 Apr 1111</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Sylvester_IV" title="Antipope Sylvester IV">Sylvester IV</a></td> <td>Sylvester Quartus</td> <td>Maginulf</td> <td>c. 1050 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>49 / 55 (†56)</td> <td>5 years, 324 days (31)</td> <td rowspan="3">Supported by <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">10 Mar 1118 – 22 Apr 1121</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VIII" title="Antipope Gregory VIII">Gregory VIII</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Gregorius Octavus</td> <td rowspan="2">Maurice Burdain</td> <td rowspan="2">c. 1057 <a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td rowspan="2">61 / 65 (†72)</td> <td rowspan="2">3 years, 43 days (1139)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_II" title="Pope Gelasius II">Gelasius II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_II" title="Pope Callixtus II">Callixtus II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 Dec 1124</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Celestine_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Celestine II">Celestine II</a></td> <td>Cœlestinus Secundus</td> <td>Teobaldo Boccapecci</td> <td>c. 1050 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>74 / 74 (†86)</td> <td>0 days (0)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_II" title="Pope Honorius II">Honorius II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 Feb 1130 – 25 Jan 1138</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Anacletus_II" title="Antipope Anacletus II">Anacletus II</a></td> <td>Anacletus Secundus</td> <td>Pietro Pierleoni</td> <td>c. 1090 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>48 / 48</td> <td>7 years, 345 days (2902)</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_II" title="Pope Innocent II">Innocent II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 Mar 1138</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Victor_IV_(1138)" title="Antipope Victor IV (1138)">Victor IV</a></td> <td>Victor Quartus</td> <td>Gregorio Conti</td> <td>c. 1057 <a href="/wiki/Ceccano" title="Ceccano">Ceccano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>81 / 81 (†90)</td> <td>63 days (63)</td> <td>Successor to <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Anacletus_II" title="Antipope Anacletus II">Anacletus II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 Sep 1159 – 20 Apr 1164</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Victor_IV_(1159%E2%80%931164)" title="Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)">Victor IV</a></td> <td>Victor Quartus</td> <td>Ottavio di Montecelio</td> <td>c. 1095 <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Lazio" title="Tivoli, Lazio">Tivoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>64 / 69</td> <td>4 years, 226 days (1687)</td> <td rowspan="4">Supported by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Alexander III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 Apr 1164 – 28 Sep 1168</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Paschal_III" title="Antipope Paschal III">Paschal III</a></td> <td>Paschalis Tertius</td> <td>Guido di Crema</td> <td>c. 1110 <a href="/wiki/Crema,_Lombardy" title="Crema, Lombardy">Crema, Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>54 / 58</td> <td>4 years, 159 days (1620 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sep 1168 – 29 Aug 1178</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Callixtus_III" title="Antipope Callixtus III">Callixtus III</a></td> <td>Callixtus Tertius</td> <td>Giovanni of Struma</td> <td>c. 1090 <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>78 / 88 (†90)</td> <td>9 years, 362 days (3649 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 Sep 1179 – Jan 1180</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Innocent_III" title="Antipope Innocent III">Innocent III</a></td> <td>Innocentius Tertius</td> <td>Lanzo of Sezza</td> <td>c. 1120 <a href="/wiki/Sezze" title="Sezze">Sezze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>59 / 60 (†63)</td> <td>95 days (95 days) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 May 1328 – 12 Aug 1330</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Nicholas_V" title="Antipope Nicholas V">Nicholas V</a></td> <td>Nicolaus Quintus</td> <td>Pietro Rainalducci</td> <td>c. 1258 <a href="/wiki/Corvaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvaro">Corvaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>70 / 74</td> <td>2 years, 92 days (822 days)</td> <td>Supported by <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">John XXII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">20 Sep 1378 – 16 Sep 1394 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VII" title="Antipope Clement VII">Clement VII</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Clemens </td> <td rowspan="2">Robert of Geneva </td> <td rowspan="2">1342 <a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Franks">France</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">36/52 </td> <td rowspan="2">15 years, 361 days (5840 days) </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VI" title="Pope Urban VI">Urban VI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX" title="Pope Boniface IX">Boniface IX</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">28 Sep 1394 – 23 May 1423 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Benedict XIII</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">Benedictus </td> <td rowspan="4">Pedro de Luna </td> <td rowspan="4">25 November 1328 <a href="/wiki/Illueca" title="Illueca">Illueca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">65/94 </td> <td rowspan="4">28 years, 237 days (10463 days) </td> <td rowspan="4"><i><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VII" title="Pope Innocent VII">Innocent VII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII" title="Pope Gregory XII">Gregory XII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Martin V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 Jun 1409 – 3 May 1410</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Alexander_V" title="Antipope Alexander V">Alexander V</a>*</td> <td>Alexander</td> <td>Pietro Philarghi</td> <td>c. 1339 <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></td> <td>70 / 71</td> <td>312 days (312 days)</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" title="Council of Pisa">Pisa</a></i></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII" title="Pope Gregory XII">Gregory XII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 May 1410 – 29 May 1415</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></td> <td>Ioannes Vicecimus Tertius</td> <td>Baldassare Cossa</td> <td>c. 1365</td> <td>45 / 50 (†54)</td> <td>5 years, 6 days (1832 days)</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" title="Council of Pisa">Pisa</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 Jun 1423 – 26 Jul 1429</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VIII" title="Antipope Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a></td> <td>Clemens Octavus</td> <td>Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón</td> <td>1370 <a href="/wiki/Teruel" title="Teruel">Teruel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a></td> <td>52 / 59 (†77)</td> <td>6 years, 49 days (2241 days)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Martin V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1424–1430</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIV" title="Antipope Benedict XIV">Benedict XIV</a></td> <td>Benedictus Quartus Decimus</td> <td>Bernard Garnier</td> <td>1370 <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>54 / 59 (†89)</td> <td>6 years, 211 days (2403 days)</td> <td>Claimed successor to <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Benedict XIII</a> – aka "The hidden pope"   </td></tr> <tr> <td>1430–1437</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIV" title="Antipope Benedict XIV">Benedict XIV</a></td> <td>Benedictus Quartus Decimus</td> <td>Jean Carrier</td> <td>c. 1370 <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>59 / 66</td> <td>7 years, 242 days (2799 days)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">5 Nov 1439 – 7 Apr 1449 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Felix_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Felix V">Felix V</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Fœlix </td> <td rowspan="2">Duke Amadeus VIII of Savoy </td> <td rowspan="2">4 September 1383 <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">56/65 (†67) </td> <td rowspan="2">9 years, 153 days (3441) </td> <td rowspan="2">Elected by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Basel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_IV" title="Pope Eugene IV">Eugene IV</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Nicholas V</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quasi-cardinal-nephews">Quasi-cardinal-nephews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Quasi-cardinal-nephews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinal-nephews" title="List of cardinal-nephews">List of cardinal-nephews</a></div> <p>Many antipopes created cardinals, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Quasi-cardinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Quasi-cardinal">quasi-cardinals</a></i>, and a few created <a href="/wiki/Cardinal-nephew" title="Cardinal-nephew">cardinal-nephews</a>, known as <i>quasi-cardinal-nephews</i>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Quasi-cardinal </th> <th width="11%">Nephew of </th> <th width="10%">Elevated </th> <th width="*">Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Alberti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Alberti (page does not exist)">Giacomo Alberti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Nicholas_V" title="Antipope Nicholas V">Antipope Nicholas V</a> </td> <td>15 May 1328 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">Excommunicated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mxiv_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mxiv-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Saluzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Amedeo Saluzzo">Amedeo Saluzzo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VII" title="Antipope Clement VII">Antipope Clement VII</a> </td> <td>23 Dec 1383 </td> <td>Abandoned <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Antipope Benedict XIII</a> after having been deposed by him on 21 October 1408; participated in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" title="Council of Pisa">Council of Pisa</a>, the election of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Alexander V">Pope Alexander V</a> (now regarded as an antipope), the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>, and the conclave of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mxiv_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mxiv-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Brancaccio" title="Tommaso Brancaccio">Tommaso Brancaccio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">Antipope John XXIII</a> </td> <td>6 Jun 1411 </td> <td>Attended the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>, and the conclave of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_S%C3%A1nchez_Mu%C3%B1oz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gil Sánchez Muñoz (page does not exist)">Gil Sánchez Muñoz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VIII" title="Antipope Clement VIII">Antipope Clement VIII</a> </td> <td>26 Jul 1429 </td> <td>Submitted to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a> after his uncle abdicated.<sup id="cite_ref-mxv_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mxv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_minor_claimants">Modern minor claimants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern minor claimants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antipopes still exist today, but all are minor claimants, without the support of any Cardinal. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Catholic_Church" title="Palmarian Catholic Church">Palmarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostles_of_Infinite_Love" title="Apostles of Infinite Love">Apostles of Infinite Love</a> Antipopes, and an unknown number of many other <a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantist</a> claimants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antipope_of_Alexandria">Antipope of Alexandria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Antipope of Alexandria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>) has historically also held the <a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria#Episcopal_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">title of pope</a>, a person who, in opposition to someone who is generally accepted as a legitimate <a href="/wiki/Pope_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of Alexandria">pope of Alexandria</a>, claims to hold that position may also be considered an antipope. <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">lector</a> Max Michel became an antipope of Alexandria, calling himself Maximos I. His claim to the Alexandrine papacy was dismissed by both the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox">Coptic Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Shenouda_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria">Pope Shenouda III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theodore_II_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria">Pope Theodore II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria_and_all_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa">Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coptic pope of Alexandria and the Greek pope of Alexandria currently view one another, not as antipopes, but rather as successors to differing lines of <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a> that formed as a result of <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">christological</a> disputes in the fifth century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antipopes have appeared as fictional characters. These may be either in <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical fiction</a>, as fictional portraits of well-known historical antipopes or as purely imaginary antipopes. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Raspail" title="Jean Raspail">Jean Raspail</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Anneau_du_p%C3%AAcheur" title="L'Anneau du pêcheur">l'Anneau du pêcheur</a></i> (the fisherman's ring), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Bavoux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gérard Bavoux (page does not exist)">Gérard Bavoux</a>'s <i>Le Porteur de lumière</i> (the light-bringer).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The fictional synth-pop artist <a href="/wiki/Santo_Cilauro" title="Santo Cilauro">Zladko Vladcik</a> claims to be "The Anti-Pope" in one of his songs.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a>'s novels <i><a href="/wiki/Endymion_(Simmons_novel)" title="Endymion (Simmons novel)">Endymion</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_Endymion" title="The Rise of Endymion">The Rise of Endymion</a></i> feature a Father Paul Duré who is the routinely murdered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2025)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> antipope Teilhard I. At the end of the last novel, it is mentioned that the person calling himself the pope of the Technocore loyal Catholics is recognized by very few even among those, and he is referred to as an antipope.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Girl_Genius" title="Girl Genius">Girl Genius</a></i> comics series, set in a <a href="/wiki/Gaslamp_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaslamp fantasy">gaslamp fantasy</a> version of Europe thrown into chaos by mad science (among other things), there is a brief reference to the existence of seven popes—all of whom apparently ordered a particular text <a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">burned</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_McInerny" title="Ralph McInerny">Ralph McInerny</a>'s novel <i>The Red Hat</i> features a schism between liberals and conservatives following the election of a conservative African Pope; the liberal faction elect an Italian cardinal who calls himself "Pius XIII".</li> <li>In the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Crusader_Kings_II" title="Crusader Kings II">Crusader Kings II</a></i> by Swedish developer <a href="/wiki/Paradox_Interactive" title="Paradox Interactive">Paradox Interactive</a>, Catholic rulers may appoint one of their bishops as an antipope. An emperor-tier ruler such as the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> may declare war on the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> to install their antipope as the "true" pope, thereby <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassalizing</a> the papacy.</li> <li>In the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Empires_II" title="Age of Empires II">Age of Empires II</a></i> the third scenario in the game's <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Barbarossa</a> campaign is called "Pope and Antipope" and is based on the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Crema" title="Siege of Crema">Siege of Crema</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines</a>.</li> <li>In episode 3 of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Adder" title="The Black Adder">The Black Adder</a></i> (set in the late 15th century), "<a href="/wiki/The_Archbishop" title="The Archbishop">The Archbishop</a>", <a href="/wiki/Baldrick" title="Baldrick">Baldrick</a> remarks on selling counterfeit papal pardons, that one for the highest crimes requires the signatures of "both popes" (implying one pope and one antipope). At the end of the episode, the <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Mother Superior</a> of the local <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a> informs <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Blackadder" title="Edmund Blackadder">Edmund</a> that he has been <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicated</a> by "all three popes".</li> <li><i>The Last Fisherman</i> by Randy England features an anti-pope John XXIV elected in opposition to Pope Brendan I.</li> <li>Bud McFarlane's <i>Pierced by a Sword</i> includes an anti-pope John XXIV who is elected when the assassination attempt on Pope Patrick (fictional successor to <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a>) is believed to have succeeded. He commits suicide at the end of the book.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilling_Adventures_of_Sabrina_(TV_series)" title="Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (TV series)">Chilling Adventures of Sabrina</a></i> features an antipope who leads the Churches of Darkness. This antipope reigns in the Vatican Necropolis beneath Rome.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Pope" title="The New Pope">The New Pope</a></i>, after the fictional Pius XIII is put in a coma, Pope Francis II is elected as a replacement. Francis II later dies and is replaced by John Paul III, the titular protagonist. Pius XIII later wakes up, creating a situation where both men have a claim on the Papacy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benevacantism" title="Benevacantism">Benevacantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of papal elections">List of papal elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Papal conclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_selection_before_1059" title="Papal selection before 1059">Papal selection before 1059</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Pretender</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/28501/antipope">"Antipope"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 30 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antipope&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F28501%2Fantipope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Of Pope Leo VIII, the <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>'s yearbook, says: "At this point, as again in the mid-eleventh century, we come across elections in which problems of harmonizing historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the Successors of Saint Peter. The uncertainty that in some cases results has made it advisable to abandon the assignation of successive numbers in the list of the Popes" (note 19 to the list of popes in the <i>Annuario Pontificio</i>). Of Pope Benedict V it says: "If Pope Leo VIII was lawful Pope, [...] Benedict V is an antipope" (note 20 to the list of popes).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231021181732/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Hippolytus-of-Rome">"Saint Hippolytus of Rome"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 3 January 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Hippolytus-of-Rome">the original</a> on 21 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saint+Hippolytus+of+Rome&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2020-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSaint-Hippolytus-of-Rome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDal_Covolo1997" class="citation journal cs1">Dal Covolo, Enrico (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01091997_p-70_en.html">"The catacombs the destination of the great jubilee"</a>. <i>Tertium Millennium</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070910175629/https://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01091997_p-70_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tertium+Millennium&rft.atitle=The+catacombs+the+destination+of+the+great+jubilee&rft.date=1997-09&rft.aulast=Dal+Covolo&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fjubilee_2000%2Fmagazine%2Fdocuments%2Fju_mag_01091997_p-70_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Church_History_(Eusebius)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church History (Eusebius)">Historia Ecclesiastica</a></i>, V, 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dix-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dix_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixChadwick2013" class="citation book cs1">Dix, Gregory; Chadwick, Henry (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l8syjXASpNwC&pg=PR27"><i>The Treatise on the Apostolic Tradition of St Hippolytus of Rome, Bishop and Martyr</i></a>. Routledge. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1361-0146-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1361-0146-5"><bdi>978-1-1361-0146-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treatise+on+the+Apostolic+Tradition+of+St+Hippolytus+of+Rome%2C+Bishop+and+Martyr&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-1361-0146-5&rft.aulast=Dix&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl8syjXASpNwC%26pg%3DPR27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Christian_Biography_and_Literature_to_the_End_of_the_Sixth_Century/Dictionary/Z/Zephyrinus" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Dictionary/Z/Zephyrinus">Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature: Zephyrinus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Chapman_(priest)" title="John Chapman (priest)">Chapman, John</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10448a.htm">"Monarchians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930012741/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10448a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2007</span> – via <a href="/wiki/New_Advent" title="New Advent">New Advent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Monarchians&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F10448a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09725a.htm">"Pope Martin V"</a>. <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i> – via New Advent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pope+Martin+V&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F09725a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Annuario Pontificio</i>. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2012. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-8722-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-8722-0"><bdi>978-88-209-8722-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuario+Pontificio&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-88-209-8722-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm">"List of Popes"</a>. <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span> – via New Advent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=List+of+Popes&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F12272b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrevité-Orton1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Previt%C3%A9-Orton" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles William Previté-Orton">Previté-Orton, Charles William</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mcI8AAAAIAAJ&q=sylvester+iii"><i>The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History</i></a>. Vol. 1 (1975 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 477. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5212-0962-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5212-0962-5"><bdi>978-0-5212-0962-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shorter+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pages=477&rft.edition=1975&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=978-0-5212-0962-5&rft.aulast=Previt%C3%A9-Orton&rft.aufirst=Charles+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmcI8AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dsylvester%2Biii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellyWalsh2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Norman_Davidson_Kelly" title="John Norman Davidson Kelly">Kelly, J. N. D.</a>; Walsh, Michael J., eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095557402">"Celestine (d. 1124)"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Popes</i> (2 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1992-9581-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1992-9581-4"><bdi>978-0-1992-9581-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Celestine+%28d.+1124%29&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Popes&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-1992-9581-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095557402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoccapecora_Miranda2018" class="citation web cs1">Boccapecora Miranda, Salvatore (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1122.htm#">"Boccapecora, Teobaldo"</a>. <i>The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church</i>. Florida International University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cardinals+of+the+Holy+Roman+Church&rft.atitle=Boccapecora%2C+Teobaldo&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Boccapecora+Miranda&rft.aufirst=Salvatore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcardinals.fiu.edu%2Fbios1122.htm%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mxiv-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mxiv_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mxiv_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda1998" class="citation web cs1">Miranda, Salvador (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiv.htm">"14th Century (1303–1404)"</a>. <i>The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church</i>. Florida International University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cardinals+of+the+Holy+Roman+Church&rft.atitle=14th+Century+%281303%E2%80%931404%29&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiu.edu%2F~mirandas%2Fconsistories-xiv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda1998" class="citation web cs1">Miranda, Salvador (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1411.htm#Lando">"Antipope] John XXIII (1410–1415): Consistory of 6 June 1411 (I)"</a>. <i>The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary</i>. Florida International University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cardinals+of+the+Holy+Roman+Church%3A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Antipope%26%2393%3B+John+XXIII+%281410%E2%80%931415%29%3A+Consistory+of+6+June+1411+%28I%29&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiu.edu%2F~mirandas%2Fbios1411.htm%23Lando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mxv-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mxv_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda1998" class="citation web cs1">Miranda, Salvador (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xv.htm">"15th Century (1404–1503)"</a>. <i>The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church</i>. Florida International University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cardinals+of+the+Holy+Roman+Church&rft.atitle=15th+Century+%281404%E2%80%931503%29&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiu.edu%2F~mirandas%2Fconsistories-xv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511170645/http://www.copticpope.org/downloads/commondec/commondec-2-2006eng.pdf">"Common Statement Between The Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa Regarding Max Michel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.copticpope.org/downloads/commondec/commondec-2-2006eng.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Statement+Between+The+Coptic+Orthodox+Church+and+the+Greek+Orthodox+Patriarchate+of+Alexandria+and+all+Africa+Regarding+Max+Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copticpope.org%2Fdownloads%2Fcommondec%2Fcommondec-2-2006eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Raspail, <i>L'Anneau du pêcheur</i>, Paris: Albin Michel, 1994. 403 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-226-07590-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-226-07590-9">2-226-07590-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gérard Bavoux, <i>Le Porteur de lumière</i>, Paris: Pygmalion, 1996. p. 329 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-85704-488-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-85704-488-7">2-85704-488-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYo5SHzIz5s"><i>Zladko Vladcik – I am the Antipope</i></a>. 21 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/NYo5SHzIz5s">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zladko+Vladcik+%E2%80%93+I+am+the+Antipope&rft.date=2007-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNYo5SHzIz5s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntipope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links_and_bibliography">External links and bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipope&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links and bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antipope" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:antipope">antipope</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01582a.htm"><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>: "Antipope"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/28501/antipope"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>: "Antipope"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.isnet.org/kristen/Ensiklopedia/AntiPope.html"><i>The Pope Encyclopaedia</i>: "Antipope"</a></li> <li>Kelly, J.N.D, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Popes</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, US (1986), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192139649" title="Special:BookSources/0192139649">0192139649</a>.</li> <li>Raspail, Jean, '<i>L'Anneau du pêcheur</i>, Paris: Albin Michel, 1994. 403 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2226075909" title="Special:BookSources/2226075909">2226075909</a>.</li> <li>Bavoux, Gérard, <i>Le Porteur de lumière</i>, Paris: Pygmalion, 1996. 329 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2857044887" title="Special:BookSources/2857044887">2857044887</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antipopes369" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Schism" title="Template:Western Schism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_Schism" title="Template talk:Western Schism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_Schism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western Schism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antipopes369" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antipopes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Natalius" title="Antipope Natalius">Natalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatian" title="Novatian">Novatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Heraclius" title="Antipope Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Felix_II" title="Antipope Felix II">Felix II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Ursicinus" title="Antipope Ursicinus">Ursicinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Eulalius" title="Antipope Eulalius">Eulalius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Laurentius" title="Antipope Laurentius">Laurentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Dioscorus" title="Antipope Dioscorus">Dioscorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodore" title="Antipope Theodore">Theodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Paschal_(687)" title="Antipope Paschal (687)">Paschal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Constantine_II" title="Antipope Constantine II">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Philip" title="Antipope Philip">Philip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_VIII" title="Antipope John VIII">John VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_Bibliothecarius" title="Anastasius Bibliothecarius">Anastasius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Christopher" title="Antipope Christopher">Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Boniface_VII" title="Antipope Boniface VII">Boniface VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XVI" title="Antipope John XVI">John XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VI" title="Antipope Gregory VI">Gregory VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_X" title="Antipope Benedict X">Benedict X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Honorius_II" title="Antipope Honorius II">Honorius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Clement III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodoric" title="Antipope Theodoric">Theodoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Adalbert" title="Antipope Adalbert">Adalbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Sylvester_IV" title="Antipope Sylvester IV">Sylvester IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VIII" title="Antipope Gregory VIII">Gregory VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Celestine_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Celestine II">Celestine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Anacletus_II" title="Antipope Anacletus II">Anacletus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Victor_IV_(1138)" title="Antipope Victor IV (1138)">Victor IV (1138)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Victor_IV_(1159%E2%80%931164)" title="Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)">Victor IV (1159–1164)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Paschal_III" title="Antipope Paschal III">Paschal III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Callixtus_III" title="Antipope Callixtus III">Callixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Innocent_III" title="Antipope Innocent III">Innocent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Nicholas_V" title="Antipope Nicholas V">Nicholas V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late Middle Ages / <br /><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VII" title="Antipope Clement VII">Clement VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Benedict XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VIII" title="Antipope Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIV" title="Antipope Benedict XIV">Benedict XIV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" title="Council of Pisa">Pisa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Alexander_V" title="Antipope Alexander V">Alexander V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VIII,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy">Felix V</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Catholic_Church" title="Palmarian Catholic Church">Palmarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemente_Dom%C3%ADnguez_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Clemente Domínguez y Gómez">Gregory XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Corral" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Corral">Peter II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_Jes%C3%BAs_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Ginés Jesús Hernández">Gregory XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Odermatt" title="Joseph Odermatt">Peter III</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_of_Infinite_Love" title="Apostles of Infinite Love">Apostles of Infinite Love</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Collin" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Collin">Clement XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gaston_Tremblay" title="Jean-Gaston Tremblay">Gregory XVII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Conclavist/post-Sedevacantist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bawden" title="David Bawden">Michael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Pulvermacher" title="Lucian Pulvermacher">Pius XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Martinez_(antipope)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogelio Martinez (antipope)">Michael II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church1469" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General125" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Catholic_Church891" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Catholic_Church891" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Category:History of the Catholic Church by country">By country or region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Catholic ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History of the Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Catholic culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a><br />(30–325/476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of Christianity">Origins</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a> (30–100)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_of_Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Split of Christianity and Judaism">Split with Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ante-Nicene_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a> (100–325)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a><br />(313–476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Church(180–451)Romanstate_church(380–451)108" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a><br />(180–451)<br /><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">Roman<br />state church</a><br />(380–451)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire" title="The clash between the Church and the Empire">Clash against the empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">First Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Second Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Third Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyon" title="First Council of Lyon">First Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to the<br /><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Pope Innocent XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" title="Our Lady of La Salette">Our Lady of La Salette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_20th_century" title="Catholic Church in the 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_1942_consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris">Pacem in terris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Pope_Paul_VI" title="Coronation of Pope Paul VI">coronation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">Pope John Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2000" title="World Youth Day 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2002" title="World Youth Day 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2005" title="World Youth Day 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2011" title="World Youth Day 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2013" title="World Youth Day 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2016" title="World Youth Day 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2019" title="World Youth Day 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" 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