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They started with medical woo and have expanded to all manner of woo."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Quackwatch"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Quackwatch rootpage-Quackwatch skin-vector action-view minerva--history-page-action-enabled skin-vector-legacy"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="localNotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table class="messagebox mb-brainwatermark-light mb-info" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mb-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Information_icon.svg" class="image"><img alt="Information icon.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/50px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/75px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/100px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a> </td> <td class="mb-text"><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections/Election_booth" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections/Election booth">Voting</a></b> in the <b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections">2024 RationalWiki Moderator Election</a></b> is now open </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Quackwatch</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From RationalWiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:137px;"><a href="/wiki/File:QuackWatch_logo.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/2/2a/QuackWatch_logo.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="153" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="153" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:QuackWatch_logo.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Quackwatch duck logo: only <i>this one</i> quacks!</div></div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #916f6f; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#916f6f"><b>This might be</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Skepticism</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#D3C5C5;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Skepticism" title="Category:Skepticism"><img alt="Icon skepticism.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/c/c6/Icon_skepticism.svg/100px-Icon_skepticism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/c6/Icon_skepticism.svg/150px-Icon_skepticism.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/c6/Icon_skepticism.svg/200px-Icon_skepticism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#916f6f; text-align:center;"><b>But we're not sure</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#D3C5C5;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Skepticism_essays" title="Category:Skepticism essays">Skepticism essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-science" title="Trans-science">Trans-science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy_and_Its_Kindred_Delusions" title="Homeopathy and Its Kindred Delusions">Homeopathy and Its Kindred Delusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority" title="Advertising Standards Authority">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#916f6f; text-align:center;"><b>Who's asking?</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#D3C5C5;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potholer54" title="Potholer54">Potholer54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AronRa" title="AronRa">AronRa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_French" title="Chris French">Chris French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheraminTrees" title="TheraminTrees">TheraminTrees</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Skepnav" title="Template:Skepnav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Skepnav" title="Template talk:Skepnav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Skepnav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #622424; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#622424"><b><a href="/wiki/Xkcd#SIWOTI_syndrome" title="Xkcd"><font color="white">Someone is wrong on</font></a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet"><font size="4" color="White"><b>The Internet</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F5E4E5;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet" title="Category:Internet"><img alt="Icon internet.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/e/e2/Icon_internet.svg/100px-Icon_internet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/e2/Icon_internet.svg/150px-Icon_internet.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/e2/Icon_internet.svg/200px-Icon_internet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#622424; text-align:center;"><b>Log in:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#F5E4E5;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NSFW" title="NSFW">NSFW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GodTube" title="GodTube">GodTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiSynergy" title="WikiSynergy">WikiSynergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Philosophy" title="Torah Philosophy">Torah Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Awards" title="Darwin Awards">Darwin Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Speaking_Out" title="America Speaking Out">America Speaking Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldTruth.TV" title="WorldTruth.TV">WorldTruth.TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godinterest" title="Godinterest">Godinterest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Chatline" title="Jesus Chatline">Jesus Chatline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_feed_the_Troll" title="Don't feed the Troll">Don't feed the Troll</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet" title="Template:Internet">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet" title="Template talk:Internet">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Internet&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Quackwatch</b> is a nonprofit organization that combats and keeps tabs on all manner of <a href="/wiki/Quack" class="mw-redirect" title="Quack">quackery</a> via their website. They started with <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">medical woo</a> and have expanded to all manner of <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">woo</a>. </p><p>Quackwatch is largely the work of retired psychiatrist and <a href="/wiki/CSICOP" class="mw-redirect" title="CSICOP">CSICOP</a> fellow <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Barrett" class="extiw" title="wp:Stephen Barrett" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Stephen Barrett">Stephen Barrett</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> a longtime critic of the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a> industry.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> The website has some great content, but, until the late 2010s, looked like an early 2000s site, in need of an adept website designer to bring the aesthetics up to date. The same is equally true for the website of the now-defunct <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_Against_Health_Fraud" class="extiw" title="wp:National Council Against Health Fraud" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: National Council Against Health Fraud">National Council Against Health Fraud</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> which was also co-founded by Barrett.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>Unsurprisingly, Barrett's work has rained quite heavily on the parades held by <a href="/wiki/Crank" title="Crank">certain people</a>, leading them to post outrageous attack ads against him online,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> and he has been subject to numerous lawsuits. </p><p>Quackwatch became part of the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a> (CFI) in 2020, alongside <a href="/wiki/Science-Based_Medicine" title="Science-Based Medicine">Science-Based Medicine</a>. In a deal that bodes well for the preservation of Quackwatch, the CFI has agreed to maintain their websites.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Lawsuit"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Lawsuit</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Criticism_of_Quackwatch"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism of Quackwatch</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#A_woo_rodeo_of_detractors"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">A woo rodeo of detractors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Inaccurate_statements"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Inaccurate statements</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Lawsuit">Lawsuit</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quackwatch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Lawsuit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>If you do a Web search for Quackwatch, you're likely to come across a large number of blaring announcements like this: "Quackwatch founder loses in court!" "Quackwatch exposed as quack!" "Quackwatch loses lawsuit!". </p><p>Nearly all of these accusations are on pseudo-scientific and untrustworthy "medical" Web sites of dubious quality. This also means that if you attempt to use Quackwatch as a verifiable source to prove that a "medical" Web site is lying or worse, they will immediately point to this accusation in order to "prove" that Quackwatch is not a reliable source.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>This all springs from <b>one</b> lawsuit that has been dragged through the courts for years — not by Quackwatch, but by Koren Publications, a chiropractor supply company. Quackwatch explains this lawsuit at these pages: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/11Ind/bolen.html">A Response to Tim Bolen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100113095803/http://www.quackwatch.org/11Ind/negrete.html">Bogus "Anti-Quackbuster" Suit Withdrawn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chirobase.org/08Legal/koren/suit.html">My Libel Suit against Tedd Koren, D.C.</a></li></ul> <p>The short answer seems to be that Stephen Barrett sued Koren for defamation, but his case was dismissed; he then appealed, but the appeal was denied. One side of the case (namely Koren) made a lot of noise about it, repeatedly trumpeting bulletins such as this on many different quack-medicine Web sites: </p> <ul><li>2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chiro.org/LINKS/FULL/Quackwatch_Founder_Loses_Defamation_Case.shtml">Quackwatch Founder Stephen Barrett Loses Major Defamation Case in his own Hometown</a> (Note how this very statement admits the defamation trial itself only lasted for three days, as opposed to being delayed and wasting time in litigation for four years.)</li> <li>2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weeksmd.com/?p=48">Quackwatch Found Guilty</a> (Actually, there was no "guilty" verdict, as the press release notes: "On June 11th, 2007, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania affirmed a lower court dismissal of Barrett’s defamation suite against Dr. Koren.")</li></ul> <p>There's even a Web site out there especially dedicated to slamming QuackWatch, called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackpotwatch.org/">Quackpotwatch</a>. Take three guesses as to who's managing and contributing to this Web site. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism_of_Quackwatch">Criticism of Quackwatch</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quackwatch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Criticism of Quackwatch">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="A_woo_rodeo_of_detractors">A woo rodeo of detractors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quackwatch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: A woo rodeo of detractors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.21stcenturyhgh.com/quackwatch-hgh.htm">Our Response to the Quackwatch Article</a> – from a supplier of "HGH Human Growth Hormone." Their response is summed up as, "Spend $60 on our product first and <a href="/wiki/What%27s_the_harm_(logical_fallacy)" title="What's the harm (logical fallacy)">try it out!</a>"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raysahelian.com/quackwatch.html">Is Stephen Barrett a Quack?</a> – by Ray Sahelian, M.D., who has authored books on "natural supplements" and "<a href="/wiki/Herbal_supplement" title="Herbal supplement">herbal products</a>." His opinion is that Dr. Barrett is reliable but terribly biased…and besides, he hasn't embarked on a crusade against "the worthless cold and cough medicines sold by pharmaceutical companies and drug stores" the way Dr. Sahelian has. So nyahhh nyahhh nyahhh.</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Inaccurate_statements">Inaccurate statements</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quackwatch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inaccurate statements">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">For more information, see: <a href="/wiki/Weston_Price" title="Weston Price">Weston Price</a></div> <p>In his zeal to fight woo, Barrett sometime fails to understand the difference between the <i>misuse</i> of material and the material itself being pseudoscience. One such example is his "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/holisticdent.html">My Concerns about 'Holistic' and 'Biological' Dentistry</a>" article, where he not only makes untrue statements, but ignores relevant facts about the work he is denouncing. </p><p><b>Barrett</b>: While extolling their health, he [Weston Price] ignored their short life expectancy and high rates of infant mortality, endemic diseases, and malnutrition. While praising their diets for not producing cavities, he ignored the fact that malnourished people don't usually get many cavities. </p><p><b>Price</b>: "since 1870 the average length of life has been increased by fifteen years, that <i>marked reduction has occurred during this period in infant mortality and in mortality due to tuberculosis, typhoid, smallpox and many other diseases.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p><p><b>Price</b>: "This physician stated that there were about 800 whites living in the town and about 400 Indians, and that notwithstanding this difference in numbers there were twice as many Indian children born as white children, but that by the time these children reached six years of age there were more white children living than Indian and half-breed children. <i>This he stated was largely due to the very high child mortality rate, of which the most frequent cause is tuberculosis.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> </p><p><b>Price</b>: "It is important to keep in mind that morbidity and mortality data for many diseases follow a relatively regular course from year to year, with large increases in the late winter and spring and a marked decrease in summer and early autumn. [...] <i>I have obtained the figures for the levels of morbidity for several diseases in several countries, including the United States and Canada.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> </p><p>Moreover, <i>Nutrition and Physical Degeneration</i> was originally published by the Paul B. Hoeber, Inc; Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, so the work went through peer review and was published by a recognized scholarly publisher. </p><p>The Foreword by Earnest A. Hooton (a physical anthropologist of Harvard University) stated "A quantity of excellent evidence has been amassed which indicates that <i>dental caries is</i>, to a great extent, <i>connected with malnutrition and with deficient diets</i>." This view is supported by modern scholarly works.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the relationship between tooth health and nutrition was still being researched when Price published his work. </p><p>There were plenty of things to invalidate Price's research, such as fortification of food being virtually non-existent in Price's time, so his "modern" food was significantly different from that of today, the advances in understanding nutrition, or any of the many things that have changed since 1939 could invalidate his research. Instead, what the reader gets are claims <i>that are refuted by the very work being referenced</i>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quackwatch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Quackwatch also runs a number of other sister sites: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chirobase.org/">Chirobase.org</a>, a skeptical look at <a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">chiropractic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.credentialwatch.org/">CredentialWatch.org</a>, exposing <a href="/wiki/Diploma_mill" title="Diploma mill">diploma mills</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dentalwatch.org/">Dentalwatch.org</a>, exposing <a href="/wiki/Dental_woo" title="Dental woo">dental woo</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlmwatch.org/">MLMWatch.org</a>, exposing <a href="/wiki/Multilevel_marketing" title="Multilevel marketing">multilevel marketing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_scheme" title="Pyramid scheme">pyramid schemes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturowatch.org/">Naturowatch.org</a>, coverage of <a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">naturopathic</a> quackery</li></ul> <p>And also publishes a newsletter: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quackwatch.org/00AboutQuackwatch/chd.html">Consumer Health Digest</a> (not to be confused with the identically named and unaffiliated alternative medicine <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Health_Digest" title="Consumer Health Digest">Consumer Health Digest</a>)</li></ul> <p>It also manages the site of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_Against_Health_Fraud" title="National Council Against Health Fraud">National Council Against Health Fraud</a>, to which it is affiliated. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quackwatch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.quackwatch.com/10Bio/bio.html">http://www.quackwatch.com/10Bio/bio.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://asatonline.org/research-treatment/interviews/interview-with-dr-stephen-barrett-quackwatch-founder/">https://asatonline.org/research-treatment/interviews/interview-with-dr-stephen-barrett-quackwatch-founder/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncahf.org/">Seriously - my eyes</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.quackpotwatch.org/quackpots/quackpots/barrett.htm">http://www.quackpotwatch.org/quackpots/quackpots/barrett.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Gorski (August 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/announcement-the-society-for-science-based-medicine-is-becoming-part-of-the-center-for-inquiry/">"Announcement: The Society for Science-Based Medicine is becoming part of the Center for Inquiry</a>. <i>Science-Based Medicine</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Fidalgo, Paul (February 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/quackwatch-joins-the-center-for-inquiry/">"Quackwatch Joins the Center for Inquiry"</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Quackwatch+Joins+the+Center+for+Inquiry&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Fidalgo&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Fidalgo%2C%26%2332%3BPaul&rft.date=February+26%2C+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenterforinquiry.org%2Fpress_releases%2Fquackwatch-joins-the-center-for-inquiry%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Quackwatch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, here's a link to The Cure Zone's mirror of the announcement calling the Quackwatch site untrustworthy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=588592">http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=588592</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1923) Dental Infections, Oral and Systemic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1939) Nutrition and Physical Degeneration: A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects Paul B. Hoeber, Inc; Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers; Chapter 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1939) Nutrition and Physical Degeneration: A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects Paul B. Hoeber, Inc; Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers; Chapter 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(2009) Encyclopedia of Microbiology Academic Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alvarez, JO et al., Chronic malnutrition, dental caries, and tooth exfoliation in Peruvian children aged 3-9 years. <i>Am J Clin Nutr</i>. 1988 Aug;48(2):368-72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aparna Sheetal et al, "Malnutrition and its Oral Outcome – A Review" (Aparna Sheetal et al.,Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2013 January, Vol-7(1): 178-180</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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