CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html lang="en" class="no-js ">  <head id="Head1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link href="https://sf.wildapricot.org/BuiltTheme/whiteboard_maya_blue.v3.0/current/424a8eac/styles/combined.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link href="https://advlab.org/resources/theme/customStyles.css?t=637593554697280000" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link href="https://advlab.org/resources/theme/user.css?t=636842710340000000" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link href="https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/built9.0.0-3b73c00/scripts/public/react/index-9cf11fa.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link href="https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/built9.0.0-3b73c00/css/shared/ui/shared-ui-compiled.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" id="idJavaScriptEnvironment">var bonaPage_BuildVer='9.0.0-3b73c00'; var bonaPage_AdminBackendUrl = '/admin/'; var bonaPage_StatRes='https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/'; var bonaPage_InternalPageType = { isUndefinedPage : false,isWebPage : true,isAdminPage : false,isDialogPage : false,isSystemPage : false,isErrorPage : false,isError404Page : false }; var bonaPage_PageView = { isAnonymousView : true,isMemberView : false,isAdminView : false }; var WidgetMode = 0; var bonaPage_IsUserAnonymous = true; var bonaPage_ThemeVer='424a8eac636842710340000000637593554697280000'; var bonaPage_ThemeId = 'whiteboard_maya_blue.v3.0'; var bonaPage_ThemeVersion = '3.0'; var bonaPage_id='18267'; version_id=''; if (bonaPage_InternalPageType && (bonaPage_InternalPageType.isSystemPage || bonaPage_InternalPageType.isWebPage) && window.self !== window.top) { var success = true; try { var tmp = top.location.href; if (!tmp) { top.location = self.location; } } catch (err) { try { if (self != top) { top.location = self.location; } } catch (err) { try { if (self != top) { top = self; } success = false; } catch (err) { success = false; } } success = false; } if (!success) { window.onload = function() { document.open('text/html', 'replace'); document.write('<ht'+'ml><he'+'ad></he'+'ad><bo'+'dy><h1>Wrong document context!</h1></bo'+'dy></ht'+'ml>'); document.close(); } } } try { function waMetricsGlobalHandler(args) { if (WA.topWindow.waMetricsOuterGlobalHandler && typeof(WA.topWindow.waMetricsOuterGlobalHandler) === 'function') { WA.topWindow.waMetricsOuterGlobalHandler(args); }}} catch(err) {} try { if (parent && parent.BonaPage) parent.BonaPage.implementBonaPage(window); } catch (err) { } try { document.write('<style type="text/css"> .WaHideIfJSEnabled, .HideIfJSEnabled { display: none; } </style>'); } catch(err) {} var bonaPage_WebPackRootPath = 'https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/built9.0.0-3b73c00/scripts/public/react/';</script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/built9.0.0-3b73c00/scripts/shared/bonapagetop/bonapagetop-compiled.js" id="idBonaPageTop"></script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/built9.0.0-3b73c00/scripts/public/react/index-9cf11fa.js" id="ReactPublicJs"></script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/built9.0.0-3b73c00/scripts/shared/ui/shared-ui-compiled.js" id="idSharedJs"></script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://live-sf.wildapricot.org/WebUI/built9.0.0-3b73c00/General.js" id=""></script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://sf.wildapricot.org/BuiltTheme/whiteboard_maya_blue.v3.0/current/424a8eac/scripts/combined.js" id=""></script><title>ALPhA (Advanced Laboratory Physics Association) - Imm2023USouth_Graphene</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="/Resources/Pictures/favicon.ico" /><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="advlab.org" href="/opensearch.ashx" /></head> <body id="PAGEID_18267" class="publicContentView LayoutMain"> <div class="mLayout layoutMain state1" id="mLayout"> <script type="text/javascript"> /* var layoutState = document.getElementById('mLayout'); var rsStateWidth1 = 960; var rsStateWidth2 = 600; var rsStateWidth3 = 320; function SetStateLayout() { var bodyWidth = BonaPage.getInnerWidth(); layoutState.className = layoutState.className.replace(/\s?state\d+/g,""); if( bodyWidth >= rsStateWidth1 ) layoutState.className += ' state1'; if( bodyWidth >= rsStateWidth2 && bodyWidth < rsStateWidth1 ) layoutState.className += ' state2'; if( bodyWidth < rsStateWidth2 ) layoutState.className += ' state3'; // message if( !document.getElementById('textWidth') ) { var firstEl = layoutState.getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; var newDivElem = document.createElement('div'); newDivElem.id = 'textWidth'; layoutState.insertBefore(newDivElem, firstEl); } document.getElementById('textWidth').innerHTML = 'bodyWidth: ' + bodyWidth; } jq$(function(){ SetStateLayout(); if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('resize', function() { SetStateLayout(); }, false); window.addEventListener("orientationchange", function() { SetStateLayout(); }, false); } });*/ </script>  <div class="zoneHeader1"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> <div id="idHeaderContentHolder" data-componentId="Header" class="WaPlaceHolder WaPlaceHolderHeader" style=""><div style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;"><div id="id_S6CyWvo" data-componentId="S6CyWvo" class="WaLayoutContainerOnly" style=""><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="WaLayoutTable" style=""><tr data-componentId="S6CyWvo_row" class="WaLayoutRow"><td id="id_eN4R7DL" data-componentId="eN4R7DL" class="WaLayoutItem" style="width:53%;"><div id="id_Chq2A5j" class="WaLayoutPlaceHolder placeHolderContainer" data-componentId="Chq2A5j" style=""><div style=""><div id="id_KxbYLDm" class="WaGadgetOnly WaGadgetContent gadgetStyleNone" style="margin-top:10px;" data-componentId="KxbYLDm" ><div class="gadgetStyleBody gadgetContentEditableArea" style="" data-editableArea="0" data-areaHeight="auto"> <a href="/"><img src="/resources/Pictures/Alpha.png" alt="Alpha" border="0" title="Alpha"></a> </div> </div></div></div></td><td style="width:0px;display:none;" data-componentId="eN4R7DL_separator" class="WaLayoutSeparator"><div style="width: inherit;"></div></td><td id="id_lQm1Hlu" data-componentId="lQm1Hlu" class="WaLayoutItem" style="width:47%;"><div id="id_oNEh9TV" class="WaLayoutPlaceHolder placeHolderContainer" data-componentId="oNEh9TV" style=""><div style=""><div id="id_IOTD79t" class="WaGadgetFirst WaGadgetLoginButton clsTopButtons gadgetStyleNone" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;" data-componentId="IOTD79t" ><div class="alignRight"> <div class="loginBoxLinkContainer"> <a class="loginBoxLinkButton" href="https://advlab.org/Sys/Login">Log in</a> </div> </div> </div><div id="id_wJXCbK3" class="WaGadget WaGadgetSiteSearch gadgetStyleNone" style="margin-top:7px;margin-bottom:10px;" data-componentId="wJXCbK3" ><div class="gadgetStyleBody " style="" data-areaHeight="auto"> <div class="searchBoxOuter alignRight"> <div class="searchBox"> <form method="post" action="https://advlab.org/Sys/Search" id="id_wJXCbK3_form" class="generalSearchBox" data-disableInAdminMode="true"> <span class="searchBoxFieldContainer"><input class="searchBoxField" type="text" name="searchString" id="idid_wJXCbK3_searchBox" value="" maxlength="300" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search the website"></span> <div class="autoSuggestionBox" id="idid_wJXCbK3_resultDiv"></div> </form></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){ function init() { var model = {}; model.gadgetId = 'idid_wJXCbK3'; model.searchBoxId = 'idid_wJXCbK3_searchBox'; model.resultDivId = 'idid_wJXCbK3_resultDiv'; model.selectedTypes = '31'; model.searchTemplate = 'https://advlab.org/Sys/Search?q={0}&types={1}&page={2}'; model.searchActionUrl = '/Sys/Search/DoSearch'; model.GoToSearchPageTextTemplate = 'Search for '{0}''; model.autoSuggest = true; var WASiteSearch = new WASiteSearchGadget(model); } jq$(document).ready(init); }) (); </script> </div> </div><div id="id_f4O5Eb6" class="WaGadgetLast WaGadgetSocialProfile clsTopSocialMedia gadgetDefaultStyle" style="" data-componentId="f4O5Eb6" ><div class="gadgetStyleTitle" style=" "><h4 class="gadgetTitleH4"> Follow us on</h4></div> <div class="gadgetStyleBody " style="" data-areaHeight="auto"> <ul class="orientationHorizontal alignLeft" > <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/advancedlabphysics/" title="Facebook" class="Facebook" target="_blank"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div></div></td></tr></table> </div></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="zoneHeader2"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> <div id="id_Header1" data-componentId="Header1" class="WaPlaceHolder WaPlaceHolderHeader1" style=""><div style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;"><div id="id_yOhi7Wr" class="WaGadgetOnly WaGadgetMenuHorizontal menuStyle001" style="" data-componentId="yOhi7Wr" ><div class="menuBackground"></div> <div class="menuInner"> <ul class="firstLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/" title="Home"><span>Home</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/about" title="About"><span>About</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/join" title="Join"><span>Join</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/contact" title="Contact"><span>Contact</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/activities" title="What We Do"><span>What We Do</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/meetings" title="Meetings"><span>Meetings</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/immersions.html" title="Laboratory Immersions"><span>Laboratory Immersions</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Immersions2025" title="Immersions 2025"><span>Immersions 2025</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope" title="Imm2025Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope"><span>Imm2025Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025QuantumDesign_VersaLab" title="Imm2025QuantumDesign_VersaLab"><span>Imm2025QuantumDesign_VersaLab</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Reed_Python" title="Imm2025Reed_Python"><span>Imm2025Reed_Python</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Emory_IBMQuantum" title="Imm2025Emory_IBMQuantum"><span>Imm2025Emory_IBMQuantum</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Lawrence_OpenSourceMicroscope" title="Imm2025Lawrence_OpenSourceMicroscope"><span>Imm2025Lawrence_OpenSourceMicroscope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Thorlabs_QuantumOptics" title="Imm2025Thorlabs_QuantumOptics"><span>Imm2025Thorlabs_QuantumOptics</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Thorlabs_OpticalMicroscopy" title="Imm2025Thorlabs_OpticalMicroscopy"><span>Imm2025Thorlabs_OpticalMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Winona_RadioTelescope" title="Imm2025Winona_RadioTelescope"><span>Imm2025Winona_RadioTelescope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Chicago_PET" title="Imm2025Chicago_PET"><span>Imm2025Chicago_PET</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Chicago_DropPinchoff" title="Imm2025Chicago_DropPinchoff"><span>Imm2025Chicago_DropPinchoff</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Colgate_QuantumOptics" title="Imm2025Colgate_QuantumOptics"><span>Imm2025Colgate_QuantumOptics</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025UND_QuantumEntanglement" title="Imm2025UND_QuantumEntanglement"><span>Imm2025UND_QuantumEntanglement</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025UND_OpticalTweezers" title="Imm2025UND_OpticalTweezers"><span>Imm2025UND_OpticalTweezers</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_QuantumControl" title="Imm2025Buffalo_QuantumControl"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_QuantumControl</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2025Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_Interferometry" title="Imm2025Buffalo_Interferometry"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2025Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_HarmonicOsc" title="Imm2025Buffalo_HarmonicOsc"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_HarmonicOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2025Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_OpticalPumping" title="Imm2025Buffalo_OpticalPumping"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_OpticalPumping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2025Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2025Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2025Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2025Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Immersions2024" title="Immersions 2024"><span>Immersions 2024</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Emory_IBMQuantum" title="Imm2024Emory_IBMQuantum"><span>Imm2024Emory_IBMQuantum</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024USD_Geant4" title="Imm2024USD_Geant4"><span>Imm2024USD_Geant4</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024USD_GEDetectors" title="Imm2024USD_GEDetectors"><span>Imm2024USD_GEDetectors</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2024Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_HighTC" title="Imm2024Buffalo_HighTC"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_HighTC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2024Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_OpticalPumping" title="Imm2024Buffalo_OpticalPumping"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_OpticalPumping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2024Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_HarmonicOsc" title="Imm2024Buffalo_HarmonicOsc"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_HarmonicOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2024Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_Interferometry" title="Imm2024Buffalo_Interferometry"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2024Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Buffalo_QuantumControl" title="Imm2024Buffalo_QuantumControl"><span>Imm2024Buffalo_QuantumControl</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024IWU_SpatialLightModulators" title="Imm2024IWU_SpatialLightModulators"><span>Imm2024IWU_SpatialLightModulators</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine" title="Imm2024LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine"><span>Imm2024LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024UMichigan_FabryPerot" title="Imm2024UMichigan_FabryPerot"><span>Imm2024UMichigan_FabryPerot</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024UMichigan_ChaoticCircuit" title="Imm2024UMichigan_ChaoticCircuit"><span>Imm2024UMichigan_ChaoticCircuit</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024RoseHulman_Interferometry&MO" title="Imm2024RoseHulman_Interferometry&MO"><span>Imm2024RoseHulman_Interferometry&MO</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Lawrence_OpenSourceMicroscope" title="Imm2024Lawrence_OpenSourceMicroscope"><span>Imm2024Lawrence_OpenSourceMicroscope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024UND_QuantumEntanglement" title="Imm2024UND_QuantumEntanglement"><span>Imm2024UND_QuantumEntanglement</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024UND_AtomicForceMicroscopy" title="Imm2024UND_AtomicForceMicroscopy"><span>Imm2024UND_AtomicForceMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024UND_TransientAbsorptionSpect" title="Imm2024UND_TransientAbsorptionSpect"><span>Imm2024UND_TransientAbsorptionSpect</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024UND_OpticalTweezers" title="Imm2024UND_OpticalTweezers"><span>Imm2024UND_OpticalTweezers</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope" title="Imm2024Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope"><span>Imm2024Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_Mechanical" title="Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_Mechanical"><span>Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_Mechanical</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_LiquidCrystal" title="Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_LiquidCrystal"><span>Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_LiquidCrystal</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_Viscoelasticity" title="Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_Viscoelasticity"><span>Imm2024Amherst_SoftMatter_Viscoelasticity</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2024Thorlabs_QuantumOptics" title="Imm2024Thorlabs_QuantumOptics"><span>Imm2024Thorlabs_QuantumOptics</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Immersions2023" title="Immersions 2023"><span>Immersions 2023</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Emory_IBMQuantum" title="Imm2023Emory_IBMQuantum"><span>Imm2023Emory_IBMQuantum</span></a> </div> </li> <li class="sel "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023USouth_Graphene" title="Imm2023USouth_Graphene"><span>Imm2023USouth_Graphene</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Berkeley_LightMicroscopy" title="Imm2023Berkeley_LightMicroscopy"><span>Imm2023Berkeley_LightMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023FMU_SinglePhotons" title="Imm2023FMU_SinglePhotons"><span>Imm2023FMU_SinglePhotons</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023FMU_ComptonXray" title="Imm2023FMU_ComptonXray"><span>Imm2023FMU_ComptonXray</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023GVSU_Tunneling" title="Imm2023GVSU_Tunneling"><span>Imm2023GVSU_Tunneling</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Maryland_LEGOLAS" title="Imm2023Maryland_LEGOLAS"><span>Imm2023Maryland_LEGOLAS</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023StOlaf_PositronSpectroscopy" title="Imm2023StOlaf_PositronSpectroscopy"><span>Imm2023StOlaf_PositronSpectroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023USD_Geant4" title="Imm2023USD_Geant4"><span>Imm2023USD_Geant4</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023USD_GEDetectors" title="Imm2023USD_GEDetectors"><span>Imm2023USD_GEDetectors</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023USD_CsI-SiPM_Detectors" title="Imm2023USD_CsI-SiPM_Detectors"><span>Imm2023USD_CsI-SiPM_Detectors</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2023Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_HighTC" title="Imm2023Buffalo_HighTC"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_HighTC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2023Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_OpticalPumping" title="Imm2023Buffalo_OpticalPumping"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_OpticalPumping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2023Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_HarmonicOsc" title="Imm2023Buffalo_HarmonicOsc"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_HarmonicOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2023Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_Interferometry" title="Imm2023Buffalo_Interferometry"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2023Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023IWU_SpatialLightModulators" title="Imm2023IWU_SpatialLightModulators"><span>Imm2023IWU_SpatialLightModulators</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine" title="Imm2023LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine"><span>Imm2023LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2023Buffalo_QuantumControl" title="Imm2023Buffalo_QuantumControl"><span>Imm2023Buffalo_QuantumControl</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Immersions2022" title="Immersions 2022"><span>Immersions 2022</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Colgate_PQM" title="Imm2022Colgate_PQM"><span>Imm2022Colgate_PQM</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2022Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022USouth_Graphene" title="Imm2022USouth_Graphene"><span>Imm2022USouth_Graphene</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Berkeley_LightMicroscopy" title="Imm2022Berkeley_LightMicroscopy"><span>Imm2022Berkeley_LightMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Bethel_DigitalHolography" title="Imm2022Bethel_DigitalHolography"><span>Imm2022Bethel_DigitalHolography</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_HighTC" title="Imm2022Buffalo_HighTC"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_HighTC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2022Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_OpticalPumping" title="Imm2022Buffalo_OpticalPumping"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_OpticalPumping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2022Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_Interferometry" title="Imm2022Buffalo_Interferometry"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_HarmonicOsc" title="Imm2022Buffalo_HarmonicOsc"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_HarmonicOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2022Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2022Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2022Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022IWU_SpatialLightModulators" title="Imm2022IWU_SpatialLightModulators"><span>Imm2022IWU_SpatialLightModulators</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Minnesota_FPGA" title="Imm2022Minnesota_FPGA"><span>Imm2022Minnesota_FPGA</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Bethel_HEPhysicsDataAnalysis" title="Imm2022Bethel_HEPhysicsDataAnalysis"><span>Imm2022Bethel_HEPhysicsDataAnalysis</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Princeton_RadioTelescope" title="Imm2022Princeton_RadioTelescope"><span>Imm2022Princeton_RadioTelescope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Bethel_LaserWavelength" title="Imm2022Bethel_LaserWavelength"><span>Imm2022Bethel_LaserWavelength</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Reed_QMExperiments" title="Imm2022Reed_QMExperiments"><span>Imm2022Reed_QMExperiments</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Reed_DopantDensity" title="Imm2022Reed_DopantDensity"><span>Imm2022Reed_DopantDensity</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Reed_DynamicalBifurcations" title="Imm2022Reed_DynamicalBifurcations"><span>Imm2022Reed_DynamicalBifurcations</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Reed_NanosecondLifetime" title="Imm2022Reed_NanosecondLifetime"><span>Imm2022Reed_NanosecondLifetime</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Swarthmore_LiquidCrystals" title="Imm2022Swarthmore_LiquidCrystals"><span>Imm2022Swarthmore_LiquidCrystals</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Swarthmore_PhysicsMedicine" title="Imm2022Swarthmore_PhysicsMedicine"><span>Imm2022Swarthmore_PhysicsMedicine</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine" title="Imm2022LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine"><span>Imm2022LoyolaMaryland_PhysicsMedicine</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2022Emory_IBMQuantum" title="Imm2022Emory_IBMQuantum"><span>Imm2022Emory_IBMQuantum</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/immersions2021" title="Immersions 2021"><span>Immersions 2021</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Colgate_PQM" title="Imm2021Colgate_PQM"><span>Imm2021Colgate_PQM</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Madison_Terrella" title="Imm2021Madison_Terrella"><span>Imm2021Madison_Terrella</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2021Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_HighTC" title="Imm2021Buffalo_HighTC"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_HighTC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2021Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_OpticalPumping" title="Imm2021Buffalo_OpticalPumping"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_OpticalPumping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2021Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_Interferometry" title="Imm2021Buffalo_Interferometry"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_HarmonicOsc" title="Imm2021Buffalo_HarmonicOsc"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_HarmonicOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2021Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2021Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2021Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021StNorbert_3DPrinting" title="Imm2021StNorbert_3DPrinting"><span>Imm2021StNorbert_3DPrinting</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021USouth_Graphene" title="Imm2021USouth_Graphene"><span>Imm2021USouth_Graphene</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Haverford_ThreeRemoteExpts" title="Imm2021Haverford_ThreeRemoteExpts"><span>Imm2021Haverford_ThreeRemoteExpts</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021IWU_SpatialLightModulators" title="Imm2021IWU_SpatialLightModulators"><span>Imm2021IWU_SpatialLightModulators</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Berkeley_LightMicroscopy" title="Imm2021Berkeley_LightMicroscopy"><span>Imm2021Berkeley_LightMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Bethel_DigitalHolography" title="Imm2021Bethel_DigitalHolography"><span>Imm2021Bethel_DigitalHolography</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Bethel_HEPhysicsDataAnalysis" title="Imm2021Bethel_HEPhysicsDataAnalysis"><span>Imm2021Bethel_HEPhysicsDataAnalysis</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Bethel_FPGA" title="Imm2021Bethel_FPGA"><span>Imm2021Bethel_FPGA</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Scranton_Interferometry" title="Imm2021Scranton_Interferometry"><span>Imm2021Scranton_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Scranton_DiodeLaserSpec" title="Imm2021Scranton_DiodeLaserSpec"><span>Imm2021Scranton_DiodeLaserSpec</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Scranton_ParticleDetector" title="Imm2021Scranton_ParticleDetector"><span>Imm2021Scranton_ParticleDetector</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2021Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope" title="Imm2021Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope"><span>Imm2021Muhlenberg_MuonTelescope</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/immersions2020" title="Immersions 2020"><span>Immersions 2020</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Berkeley_LightMicroscopy" title="Imm2020Berkeley_LightMicroscopy"><span>Imm2020Berkeley_LightMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Bethel_DigitalHolography" title="Imm2020Bethel_DigitalHolography"><span>Imm2020Bethel_DigitalHolography</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2020Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_OpticalPumping" title="Imm2020Buffalo_OpticalPumping"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_OpticalPumping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2020Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_HighTC" title="Imm2020Buffalo_HighTC"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_HighTC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2020Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_Interferometry" title="Imm2020Buffalo_Interferometry"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_HarmonicOsc" title="Imm2020Buffalo_HarmonicOsc"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_HarmonicOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2020Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2020Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2020Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Colgate_PQM" title="Imm2020Colgate_PQM"><span>Imm2020Colgate_PQM</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020CWU_Arduino" title="Imm2020CWU_Arduino"><span>Imm2020CWU_Arduino</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020CWU_OpAmps" title="Imm2020CWU_OpAmps"><span>Imm2020CWU_OpAmps</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020CWU_Telescopes" title="Imm2020CWU_Telescopes"><span>Imm2020CWU_Telescopes</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020HarveyMudd_quantum" title="Imm2020HarveyMudd_quantum"><span>Imm2020HarveyMudd_quantum</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Messiah_DiodeLaserSpec" title="Imm2020Messiah_DiodeLaserSpec"><span>Imm2020Messiah_DiodeLaserSpec</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Messiah_Interferometry" title="Imm2020Messiah_Interferometry"><span>Imm2020Messiah_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Messiah_DynamicLightScattering" title="Imm2020Messiah_DynamicLightScattering"><span>Imm2020Messiah_DynamicLightScattering</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Messiah_MuonTelescope" title="Imm2020Messiah_MuonTelescope"><span>Imm2020Messiah_MuonTelescope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Messiah_ParticleDetector" title="Imm2020Messiah_ParticleDetector"><span>Imm2020Messiah_ParticleDetector</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020PPPL_Spectroscopy" title="Imm2020PPPL_Spectroscopy"><span>Imm2020PPPL_Spectroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020PPPL_Electrical_Breakdown" title="Imm2020PPPL_Electrical_Breakdown"><span>Imm2020PPPL_Electrical_Breakdown</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020PPPL_Plasma_Probes" title="Imm2020PPPL_Plasma_Probes"><span>Imm2020PPPL_Plasma_Probes</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Reed_SpatialLightModulator" title="Imm2020Reed_SpatialLightModulator"><span>Imm2020Reed_SpatialLightModulator</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Reed_DopantDensity" title="Imm2020Reed_DopantDensity"><span>Imm2020Reed_DopantDensity</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020Reed_QuantumMech" title="Imm2020Reed_QuantumMech"><span>Imm2020Reed_QuantumMech</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020UofSouth_SpatialLightModulators" title="Imm2020UofSouth_SpatialLightModulators"><span>Imm2020UofSouth_SpatialLightModulators</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_Graphene" title="Imm2020USouth_Graphene"><span>Imm2020USouth_Graphene</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2020USouth_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2020USouth_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_OpticalPumping" title="Imm2020USouth_OpticalPumping"><span>Imm2020USouth_OpticalPumping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_Interferometry" title="Imm2020USouth_Interferometry"><span>Imm2020USouth_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2020USouth_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2020USouth_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_NoiseFund" title="Imm2020USouth_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2020USouth_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_Fourier" title="Imm2020USouth_Fourier"><span>Imm2020USouth_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020USouth_HarmonicOsc" title="Imm2020USouth_HarmonicOsc"><span>Imm2020USouth_HarmonicOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2020CalTech_Organizing" title="Imm2020CalTech_Organizing"><span>Imm2020CalTech_Organizing</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/immersions2019" title="Immersions 2019"><span>Immersions 2019</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Berkeley_LightMicroscopy" title="Imm2019Berkeley_LightMicroscopy"><span>Imm2019Berkeley_LightMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2019Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2019Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2019Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2019Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Buffalo_DiodeLaserSpectroscopy" title="Imm2019Buffalo_DiodeLaserSpectroscopy"><span>Imm2019Buffalo_DiodeLaserSpectroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2019Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2019Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2019Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2019Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Buffalo_HighTC" title="Imm2019Buffalo_HighTC"><span>Imm2019Buffalo_HighTC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019CalTech_Organizing" title="Imm2019CalTech_Organizing"><span>Imm2019CalTech_Organizing</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Colgate_PQM" title="Imm2019Colgate_PQM"><span>Imm2019Colgate_PQM</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019HM_Quantum" title="Imm2019HM_Quantum"><span>Imm2019HM_Quantum</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019KWU_EFNMR" title="Imm2019KWU_EFNMR"><span>Imm2019KWU_EFNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019KWU_QuantumAnalogs" title="Imm2019KWU_QuantumAnalogs"><span>Imm2019KWU_QuantumAnalogs</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019KWU_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2019KWU_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2019KWU_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019KWU_ISS" title="Imm2019KWU_ISS"><span>Imm2019KWU_ISS</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Mich_ThinFilms" title="Imm2019Mich_ThinFilms"><span>Imm2019Mich_ThinFilms</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019Trinity_GravWaves" title="Imm2019Trinity_GravWaves"><span>Imm2019Trinity_GravWaves</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019USouth_Graphene" title="Imm2019USouth_Graphene"><span>Imm2019USouth_Graphene</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019UWRF_PICUPChaoticOsc" title="Imm2019UWRF_PICUPChaoticOsc"><span>Imm2019UWRF_PICUPChaoticOsc</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019UWRF_PICUP2DHeatFlow" title="Imm2019UWRF_PICUP2DHeatFlow"><span>Imm2019UWRF_PICUP2DHeatFlow</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019UWRF_PICUPTaylorCouette" title="Imm2019UWRF_PICUPTaylorCouette"><span>Imm2019UWRF_PICUPTaylorCouette</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019UWRF_LEDasSPD" title="Imm2019UWRF_LEDasSPD"><span>Imm2019UWRF_LEDasSPD</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019UWRF_HeNe" title="Imm2019UWRF_HeNe"><span>Imm2019UWRF_HeNe</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019UWRF_SLM" title="Imm2019UWRF_SLM"><span>Imm2019UWRF_SLM</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019UWRF_FPGA" title="Imm2019UWRF_FPGA"><span>Imm2019UWRF_FPGA</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2019WKU_Labview" title="Imm2019WKU_Labview"><span>Imm2019WKU_Labview</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" dir"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/immersions2018" title="Immersions 2018"><span>Immersions 2018</span></a> <ul class="secondLevel"> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Berkeley_LightMicroscopy" title="Imm2018Berkeley_LightMicroscopy"><span>Imm2018Berkeley_LightMicroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Bethel_Ultrafast" title="Imm2018Bethel_Ultrafast"><span>Imm2018Bethel_Ultrafast</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Bethel_NanoPlasmonics" title="Imm2018Bethel_NanoPlasmonics"><span>Imm2018Bethel_NanoPlasmonics</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Bethel_FPGA" title="Imm2018Bethel_FPGA"><span>Imm2018Bethel_FPGA</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_HighTC" title="Imm2018Buffalo_HighTC"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_HighTC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_EarthNMR" title="Imm2018Buffalo_EarthNMR"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_EarthNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_DiodeLaserSpectroscopy" title="Imm2018Buffalo_DiodeLaserSpectroscopy"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_DiodeLaserSpectroscopy</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_CMP" title="Imm2018Buffalo_CMP"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_CMP</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_PulsedNMR" title="Imm2018Buffalo_PulsedNMR"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_PulsedNMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_NoiseFund" title="Imm2018Buffalo_NoiseFund"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_NoiseFund</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_Interferometry" title="Imm2018Buffalo_Interferometry"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_Interferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Buffalo_Fourier" title="Imm2018Buffalo_Fourier"><span>Imm2018Buffalo_Fourier</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Caltech_IonTrapping" title="Imm2018Caltech_IonTrapping"><span>Imm2018Caltech_IonTrapping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Caltech_LaserInterferometry" title="Imm2018Caltech_LaserInterferometry"><span>Imm2018Caltech_LaserInterferometry</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Caltech_FFTFFC" title="Imm2018Caltech_FFTFFC"><span>Imm2018Caltech_FFTFFC</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Caltech_SSDLockIn" title="Imm2018Caltech_SSDLockIn"><span>Imm2018Caltech_SSDLockIn</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Caltech_Oscilloscope" title="Imm2018Caltech_Oscilloscope"><span>Imm2018Caltech_Oscilloscope</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Chicago_BrownianMotion" title="Imm2018Chicago_BrownianMotion"><span>Imm2018Chicago_BrownianMotion</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Chicago_PET" title="Imm2018Chicago_PET"><span>Imm2018Chicago_PET</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Chicago_ESR" title="Imm2018Chicago_ESR"><span>Imm2018Chicago_ESR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Chicago_ESRBrownianPET" title="Imm2018Chicago_ESRBrownianPET"><span>Imm2018Chicago_ESRBrownianPET</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Colgate_SPQM" title="Imm2018Colgate_SPQM"><span>Imm2018Colgate_SPQM</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Florida_OpticalTrapping" title="Imm2018Florida_OpticalTrapping"><span>Imm2018Florida_OpticalTrapping</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Florida_FluroCorrSpect" title="Imm2018Florida_FluroCorrSpect"><span>Imm2018Florida_FluroCorrSpect</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Madison_MuonDet" title="Imm2018Madison_MuonDet"><span>Imm2018Madison_MuonDet</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018RoseHulman_ACFaraday" title="Imm2018RoseHulman_ACFaraday"><span>Imm2018RoseHulman_ACFaraday</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018RoseHulman_Astron" title="Imm2018RoseHulman_Astron"><span>Imm2018RoseHulman_Astron</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Wash_NMR" title="Imm2018Wash_NMR"><span>Imm2018Wash_NMR</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Wash_HydrogenFineStructure" title="Imm2018Wash_HydrogenFineStructure"><span>Imm2018Wash_HydrogenFineStructure</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Willamette_MOT" title="Imm2018Willamette_MOT"><span>Imm2018Willamette_MOT</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/Imm2018Willamette_TaylorCouette" title="Imm2018Willamette_TaylorCouette"><span>Imm2018Willamette_TaylorCouette</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/immersions2017" title="Immersions 2017"><span>Immersions 2017</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/spqm" title="Single Photon Detectors"><span>Single Photon Detectors</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/aapt-alpha-award" title="Awards"><span>Awards</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/equipment-giveaways" title="Equipment Giveaways"><span>Equipment Giveaways</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/resource" title="Resources"><span>Resources</span></a> </div> </li> <li class=" "> <div class="item"> <a href="https://advlab.org/news" title="News"><span>News</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jq$(function() { var gadgetHorMenu = jq$('#id_yOhi7Wr'), gadgetHorMenuContainer = gadgetHorMenu.find('.menuInner'), firstLevelMenu = gadgetHorMenu.find('ul.firstLevel'), holderInitialMenu = firstLevelMenu.children(), outsideItems = null, phantomElement = '<li class="phantom"><div class="item"><a href="#"><span>≡</span></a><ul class="secondLevel"></ul></div></li>', placeHolder = gadgetHorMenu.parents('.WaLayoutPlaceHolder'), placeHolderId = placeHolder && placeHolder.attr('data-componentId'), mobileState = false, rsStateWidth2 = 617, isTouchSupported = !!(('ontouchstart' in window) || (window.DocumentTouch && document instanceof DocumentTouch) || (navigator.msPointerEnabled && navigator.msMaxTouchPoints)); function resizeMenu() { var i, len, fitMenuWidth = 0, menuItemPhantomWidth = 80; // background track gadgetHorMenu.find('.menuBackground').css( { 'width': jq$('body').width(), 'left': ( ( jq$('body').width() - gadgetHorMenu.width() ) * -0.5 ) }); firstLevelMenu.html( holderInitialMenu).removeClass('adapted').css({ width: 'auto' }); // restore initial menu if( !gadgetHorMenuContainer.find('.menuButton').size() ) { gadgetHorMenuContainer.prepend('<div class="menuButton"></div>'); gadgetHorMenuContainer.find('.menuButton').on("click",function() { gadgetHorMenuContainer.find('ul.firstLevel').toggle(); return false; }); jq$('body').on("click",function() { if( mobileState ) gadgetHorMenuContainer.find('ul.firstLevel').hide(); }); } // for state 3 if( jq$(window).width() < rsStateWidth2 && mobileState == false ) { gadgetHorMenuContainer.find('ul.firstLevel').attr('style',''); mobileState = true; return false; } if( jq$(window).width() >= rsStateWidth2 ) { gadgetHorMenuContainer.find('ul.firstLevel').attr('style',''); mobileState = false; } if( firstLevelMenu.width() > gadgetHorMenuContainer.width() ) // if menu oversize { menuItemPhantomWidth = firstLevelMenu.addClass('adapted').append( phantomElement).children('.phantom').width(); for( i = 0, len = holderInitialMenu.size(); i <= len; i++ ) { fitMenuWidth += jq$( holderInitialMenu.get(i) ).width(); if( fitMenuWidth + menuItemPhantomWidth > gadgetHorMenuContainer.width() ) { outsideItems = firstLevelMenu.children(':gt('+(i-1)+'):not(.phantom)').remove(); firstLevelMenu.find('.phantom > .item > ul').append( outsideItems); break; } } gadgetHorMenu.find('.phantom > .item > a').click(function(){ return false; }); } disableFirstTouch(); firstLevelMenu.css( 'width', '' ); // restore initial menu width firstLevelMenu.children().removeClass('last-child').eq(-1).addClass('last-child'); // add last-child mark } resizeMenu(); jq$(window).resize(function() { resizeMenu(); }); jq$(window).load(function(){ resizeMenu(); }); function onLayoutColumnResized(sender, args) { args = args || {}; if (placeHolderId && (placeHolderId == args.leftColPlaceHolderId || placeHolderId == args.rightColPlaceHolderId)) { resizeMenu(); } } BonaPage.addPageStateHandler(BonaPage.PAGE_PARSED, function() { WA.Gadgets.LayoutColumnResized.addHandler(onLayoutColumnResized); }); BonaPage.addPageStateHandler(BonaPage.PAGE_UNLOADED, function() { WA.Gadgets.LayoutColumnResized.removeHandler(onLayoutColumnResized); }); function disableFirstTouch() { if (!isTouchSupported) return; jq$('#id_yOhi7Wr').find('.menuInner li.dir > .item > a').on( 'click', function(event) { if( !this.touchCounter ) this.touchCounter = 0; if( this.touchCounter >= 1 ) { this.touchCounter = 0; return true; } this.touchCounter++; if (!mobileState) { WA.stopEventDefault(event); } }); jq$('#id_yOhi7Wr').find('.menuInner li.dir > .item > a').on( 'mouseout', function(event) { if( !this.touchCounter ) this.touchCounter = 0; this.touchCounter = 0; }); } disableFirstTouch(); }); </script></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="zoneHeader3"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> <div id="id_Header2" data-componentId="Header2" class="WaPlaceHolder WaPlaceHolderHeader2" style=""><div style=""><div id="id_VmsV2Ng" class="WaGadgetOnly WaGadgetBreadcrumbs gadgetStyleNone" style="" data-componentId="VmsV2Ng" ><div class="gadgetStyleBody " style="" data-areaHeight="auto"> <ul> <li><a href="https://advlab.org/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://advlab.org/activities">What We Do</a></li> <li><a href="https://advlab.org/immersions.html">Laboratory Immersions</a></li> <li><a href="https://advlab.org/Immersions2023">Immersions 2023</a></li> <li class="last">Imm2023USouth_Graphene</li> </ul> </div> </div></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="zoneHeader4"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> <div id="id_Header3" data-componentId="Header3" class="WaPlaceHolder WaPlaceHolderHeader3" style=""><div style=""><div id="id_Kl3fJaL" class="WaGadgetFirst WaGadgetContent gadgetStyleNone" style="" data-componentId="Kl3fJaL" ><div class="gadgetStyleBody gadgetContentEditableArea" style="" data-editableArea="0" data-areaHeight="auto"> <table class="Immersionslogos"> <tbody> <tr> <td><img style="margin:10px; width:100%; height:auto;" title="ALPhA Immersions Banner" alt="ALPhA Immersions Banner" src="/resources/Pictures/immersion_logo.jpg"></td> <td> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><a target="_blank" href="http://www.teachspin.com/"><img style="margin: 10px 10px 10px 15px; width: 45%; height: auto;" title="Teachspin Logo" alt="Teachspin Logo" src="/resources/Pictures/teachspinlogo2a.gif"></a>         <a target="_blank" href="http://synopsys.com"><img src="/resources/Pictures/synopsys_color.png" alt="" title="" width="174" height="38" border="0"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>           <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nsf.gov/"><img style="margin: 10px; width: 18%; height: auto;" title="NSF Logo" alt="NSF Logo" src="/resources/Pictures/nsf1.jpg"></a>           <a target="_blank" href="http://www.spie.org/" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><img title="SPIE Logo" alt="SPIE Logo" src="/resources/Pictures/SPIE-logo.png" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></a>      <a target="_blank" href="http://www.aapt.org/" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><img title="AAPT Logo" alt="AAPT Logo" src="/resources/Pictures/aapt1.jpg" style="margin: 10px 20px; width: 92.875px;"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div><div id="id_9cAIuhw" class="WaGadget WaGadgetContent gadgetStyleNone" style="" data-componentId="9cAIuhw" ><div class="gadgetStyleBody gadgetContentEditableArea" style="" data-editableArea="0" data-areaHeight="auto"> <p align="center"><span><font style="font-size: 19px;">University of the South, Sewanee, TN<br></font></span></p> <p align="center"><strong><span><font style="font-size: 21px;">Experimenting with Graphene<br></font></span></strong></p> <p align="center"><span><font style="font-size: 19px;">Dates:<span> <font color="#333333"> </font></span><font color="#333333"><font color="#ED1C24"> </font><strong><font>June 22</font>, 2023</strong><span> </span> to<span> </span> <strong><font>June 24</font>, 2023</strong></font></font></span></p> <p align="center">Number of setups available: 2</p> <p align="center">Maximum number of participants: 4</p> <p align="center"><span><font style="font-size: 15px;" face="Calibri, sans-serif">------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</font></span></p></div> </div><div id="id_QBVgHmK" class="WaGadgetLast WaGadgetContent gadgetStyleNone" style="" data-componentId="QBVgHmK" ><div class="gadgetStyleBody gadgetContentEditableArea" style="" data-editableArea="0" data-areaHeight="auto"> <p style="line-height: 16px;"><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms that are sp<sup>2</sup> bonded in a honeycomb lattice. Because of its two-dimensional (2D) structure, graphene hosts a myriad of exciting and useful physical properties. While graphene has received an enormous amount of attention from the STEM research community, it has yet to be harnessed as a powerful tool for teaching undergraduate solid state physics. In our Immersion workshop, we will present an advanced lab that introduces students to fundamental concepts in nanophysics, with graphene as its focus. Our lab has four independent, modular parts, each with distinct learning outcomes that are outlined below.<br> <br> APPARATUS<br> Part 1: Graphene Exfoliation and Optical Characterization</span></font><br> <font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Necessary Equipment: <br>         Optical Microscope and Camera<br>         Computer and Image Processing Software (Image J)<br>         Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and Scotch Tape<br>         SiO2/p-Si Wafer and a Diamond Scribe<br>         Nitrile Gloves, Tweezers<br>         Hot Plate</span></font><br> <font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br> Part 2: Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Flakes and Sheets<br> Necessary Equipment: <br>         Raman Spectrometer<br>         Commercially available sheets of Graphene on Copper<br> <br> Part 3: Electronic Transport--Using Devices to Measure Material Properties<br> Necessary Equipment:<br>         Copper and Aluminum Foil<br>         Heavily doped semiconductor wafer<br>         Silver paint, solder, wire<br>         Van der Pauw Switchbox<br>         Source meter (Keithley model 617 or 2400 for example)<br>         Data analysis software (MATLAB, Igor, Excel, etc.)<br> <br> Part 4: Making and Testing a Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET)</span></font><br><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Necessary Equipment:<br>         Dual inline pin (DIP) Socket and chip carrier<br>         Commercially available sheets of Graphene on Copper or Graphene on PMMA<br>         Honey<br>         Source meter (Keithley model 617 or 2400 for example<br>         Voltage supply (Pasco, etc)<br>         Tweezers<br> <br> <br> IMPORTANCE / RELEVANCE<br> Graphene is window into an exotic 2D world where charge carriers can be manipulated directly with electric and magnetic fields. As a result, this 2D honeycomb of carbon atoms is ideal platform for teaching solid state physics that is elusive or indirect in current advanced lab curricula. Furthermore, graphene and related materials are under intense investigation by the research community for their exotic and useful properties. This lab provides a very short bridge between undergraduate physics and cutting-edge research. Finally, graphene gives students an unprecedented opportunity to fabricate and measure nanoscale experiments on a tabletop. Students can finally gain insight into nanoscale experiments without the need for extensive cleanroom fabrication.<br> <br>SKILLS / LEARNING OUTCOMES<br>    <br> Part 1: Graphene Exfoliation and Optical Characterization<br> Practice Goal: Learners will become proficient in several nanofabrication techniques (substrate dicing and cleaning, graphene scotch tape exfoliation) as well as optical microscope characterization techniques (bright field imaging, image processing and parsing using ImageJ software). Additionally, learners will be introduced to claims-evidence-reasoning (CER) framework as they empirically determine the optical contrast of a single-atom-thick flake of graphene.</span></font><br><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Content Goal: Learners will be introduced to van der Waals materials and experience firsthand the strength of in plane vs out of plane bonding in graphitic solids.<br> <br> Part 2: Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Flakes and Sheets<br> Practice Goals: Learners will gain additional experience in nanofabrication techniques (spin coating, wet etching, thin film mounting). They will also be introduced to calibrating and operating a Raman spectrometer. As they compare samples of different cleanliness and composition, students will gain additional experience in evidence-based reasoning.<br> Content goals: Learners will explore the relationship between vibrational modes in a crystal and how they interact with light of different energies. Furthermore, participants will gain an understanding for the inner workings of spectrometers, and become acquainted with diffraction gratings, multi-channel analyzers, etc.<br> <br> Part 3: Electronic Transport--Using Devices to Measure Material Properties<br> <br> Practice Goals: Learners will set up and perform electronic transport measurements of metallic foils and semiconductors. They will gain experience in operating sourcemeters and voltage supplies, acquire data through control software, and analyze their results.<br> Content Goals: Learners will be introduced to the Drude model for electronic transport, as well as fundamental concepts like the Hall effect, charge carrier density, effective mass of charge carriers and electron mobility. They will gain intuition for how electric and magnetic fields can be used to measure each of these quantities, and how contact geometries can be used to characterize samples with varying accuracy and precision.<br> Part 4: Making and Testing a Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET)<br> </span></font><br><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Practice Goals: Learners will learn to fabricate a nanodevice (<1 nm thick layer of graphene). They will learn to compare results between a known calibration sample (from Part 3) and an unknown, exotic sample (graphene device). Learners will get practice in experimental design and controlled exploration of unknown materials. They will use the practices developed in Parts 1-3 to design experiments for their GFET.<br> Content Goals: Learners will get extensive exposure to IV curves and their significance and the underlying physics of the MOSFET. The GFET will give learners insight into ambipolar transport, band gap engineering and the 2D electron gas, all of which are pillars of solid state physics.<br> <br>OUTLINE / SCHEDULE<br> The experiments will be performed in 4 parts (introduced above) that will span 3 days with alternating groups performing experiments as determined by the total number of participants. Below is a proposed schedule for a given set of 2 groups.<br> <br>Day 1<br> 8:30 am (CDT)  Meet and greet, introductory presentation<br> 9:00  All Groups: Scotch tape exfoliation and microscope observation<br>      Groups will isolate single-atom thick flakes of graphene from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG),    <br>      then identify these flakes empirically using an optical microscope and image analysis software<br> 10:30  coffee<br> 10:45  Raman scattering measurements of exfoliated flakes<br>      Exfoliated graphene flakes from the morning will be measured in a Raman spectrometer. Groups will<br>      determine spectroscopic signatures of exfoliated graphene<br> Noonish   Lunch at McClurg<br> 1:30  Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene sample preparation</span></font><br><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">      Groups will use wet chemistry processes to transfer large (1” x 1”) graphene sheets from a copper<br>      substrate onto SiO2. They will then measure the CVD samples in the Raman spectrometer and compare<br>      results to spectra taken of exfoliated flakes.<br> 3:00  Coffee<br> 3:30  Further exploration of graphene flakes<br>      Groups will have the opportunity to complete earlier tasks or move on to measure the Raman spectra of        bilayer and multilayer graphene flakes, and CVD graphene on different substrates (copper, PMMA).<br> 5:30  Finish<br> 6:00 meet for dinner<br> <br>Day 2<br> 8:30  Preparing and measuring Metallic Foil Devices<br>      Groups will build devices with several different sample geometries and contact placements (2 point probe,<br>      4-point probe, van der Pauw, Hall bar) and different materials. They will collect longitudinal and Hall<br>      voltage data in a magnetic field and determine the charge carrier density, mobility and conductivity of<br>      their samples.<br> 9:30  coffee<br> 10:00  Continued measurements of metallic samples<br> Noonish   Lunch at McClurg<br> 1:30  Comparison of data between groups and discussion of underlying physics … Discussion on the Drude<br>      model of electron transport</span></font><br><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <br> 3:00  coffee<br> 3:30  Graphene field effect transistor fabrication, first part<br>      Groups will spin coat polymer onto graphene then etch copper to transfer graphene onto a suitable<br>      substrate<br> 5:30  Finish<br> 6:00  meet for dinner<br> <br>Day 3<br> 8:30  Lecture on general MOSFET properties<br> 9:30  Coffee<br> 10:00  Graphene MOSFET<br>      Groups will design an experiment informed by their experience with electron transport measurements the<br>      day before. Using techniques from Wednesday, groups will isolate graphene on copper, then create<br>      devices with various electrical contact geometries (two terminal, four terminal, van der Pauw, Hall Bar),<br>      per their experiment.<br> Noonish  Lunch at McClurg<br> 1:30  Graphene MOSFET measurements<br> 3:00  Coffee<br> 3:30  Graphene MOSFET measurements and data analysis<br> 5:30  Synthesis discussion of each experiment<br> 6:00  meet for dinner<br> <br> <br>  Please bring your own laptop</span></font></p><p style="line-height: 16px;"> <br><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SAFETY- There are no high voltages. If nitric acid is used, it will be done in a hood with safety glasses and lab coat provided.<br> </span></font></p><p style="line-height: 16px;"><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">COST – Approximate costs by measurement type<br> Exfoliation and observations<br>           $10-$100  Scotch tape, graphite flakes, wafer Si with 300nm SiO2   <br>           $800-$1,800 Metallurgical microscope      <br> Raman spectroscopy<br>           $12k+  Can be built from parts (ThorLabs) or complete spectrometer from various vendors<br> Conductivity Measurements<br>           Tektronix 6510 DMM with7700 board<br>           $2k-$6k  Keithley Sourcemeter<br> RT Hall Effect Measurements<br>           $1.7k  TeachSpin RT Hall Effect system<br>           $  Pasco<br> MOSFET Measurements<br> GFET Measurements<br>           <br></span></font></p> <p><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br></span></font></span></font></p> <p style="margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 1em !important;"><font style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img src="/resources/Pictures/spqm_colgate[1].jpg" alt="" title="" border="0"></span></font><font style="font-size: 24px;"><strong>Host and Mentors:</strong></font><font style="font-size: 24px;"><strong><font style="font-size: 30px;"><img src="/resources/Immersions/USouth_Peterson.jpg" alt="" title="" width="200" height="257" border="0" align="right"></font></strong></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0px !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;">Randy Peterson is the Tom Costen Professor of Physics at the University of the South in Sewanee, TN, where he teaches an advanced Physics course every semester for Junior physics majors as part of his teaching load. He was a co-PI for the first advanced lab topical conference at the University of Michigan in 2009, and has given two Immersion workshops. He has been a Board member of ALPhA and was president from 2014-2017. He is presently a Board member of the Reichert Foundation. He has worked in Health physics and has published a book of laboratory experiments on introductory gamma spectroscopy. He conducts research in accelerator-based atomic and materials physics, with an interest in thin-film materials, especially graphene.</font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;"><br> <font style="font-size: 16px;"><em>Dr. Randolph S. Peterson, </em></font><font style="font-size: 16px;"><em><font style="font-size: 16px;"><em>Dept. of Physics & Astronomy</em></font>, University of the South, SPO 1175, University of the South, 735 University Ave., Sewanee, TN 3738.   Email: rpeterso@sewanee.edu.    Phone: 931-598-1550.</em></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;"><em><br></em></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;"><em><br></em></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em !important; margin-top: 0px !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="/resources/Immersions/USouth_Davenport.jpg" alt="" title="" style="margin: 0px 6px 0px 0px;" width="200" height="243" border="0" align="left"></font> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;">Johnny Davenport received his PhD in physics at University of California: Santa Cruz. He studied</font><font style="font-size: 16px;"> the electronic behavior of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials in high magnetic fields. Specifically, Johnny uses tunneling spectroscopy to probe fractional quantum hall states that may be useful for quantum information processing, Johnny has expertise in fabricating and measuring nano-devices made of 2D materials. He received his BS in physics, math and chemistry from Sewanee: The University of the South and an MS in physics from UC Santa Cruz. Throughout graduate school, Johnny used graphene to teach condensed matter physics. Since 2016, he has worked with Professor Randy Peterson to develop an advanced lab focused on graphene isolation, fabrication, characterization and measurement.<br></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;"><em><br></em></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;"><em>Johnny Davenport, Dept. of Physics, U.C. Santa Cruz, 319A Walnut Ave, Santa Cruz, CA. 95060. </em></font><font style="font-size: 16px;"><em>Email :  jodavenp@ucsc.edu. Phone:    415-419-6267.</em></font></p><p><font style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="/resources/Pictures/E-U-Donev.jpg" alt="" title="" style="border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" width="202" height="202" border="3" align="left">Eugene Donev does nanoplasmonics and nanophotonics research and teaches introductory physics, advanced laboratory, optics and physics seminar (capstone) courses in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of the South (Sewanee). After graduating from Sewanee with a BS degree in physics and German, and earning MS and PhD degrees in physics from Vanderbilt University, he received postdoctoral training at the University of Kentucky, Brookhaven National Laboratory and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Donev's teaching and research interests frequently intersect as he incorporates elements of his work on the fabrication, optical interrogation and numerical simulation of functional nanomaterials into advanced laboratory projects for undergraduate students.</font><br> </p> <font style="font-size: 16px;"></font><br> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em !important;"><font style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="WaContentDivider WaContentDivider dividerStyle001" data-wacomponenttype="ContentDivider"></font>Please note that the Jonathan F. Reichert Foundation has established a <a href="http://jfreichertfoundation.org/alpha-immersions/" target="_blank">grant program</a> to help purchase apparatus used in Laboratory Immersions. Limitations and exclusions apply, but generally speaking the Foundation may support up to 50% of the cost of the required equipment. <br></p></div> </div></div> </div></div> </div> </div>   <div class="zoneContent"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="zoneFooter1"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="zoneFooter2"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="zoneFooter3"> <div class="container_12"> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> <div id="id_Footer2" data-componentId="Footer2" class="WaPlaceHolder WaPlaceHolderFooter2" style=""><div style=""><div id="id_ezXYAgS" class="WaGadgetOnly WaGadgetContent gadgetStyleNone" style="" data-componentId="ezXYAgS" ><div class="gadgetStyleBody gadgetContentEditableArea" style="" data-editableArea="0" data-areaHeight="auto"> <p style="float:left;" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF">Copyright 漏 2007-2024 by the Advanced Laboratory Physics Association.</font></p> <p style="float: right; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" align="center">Website Maintenance by <a rel="nofollow" class="webstix" target="_blank" href="https://www.webstix.com" style="color:#fff;text-decoration:underline;">Webstix</a></p> <div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 306px; top: 22px;"> <div class="gtx-trans-icon"></div> </div></div> </div></div> </div></div> <div class="s1_grid_12 s2_grid_12 s3_grid_12"> <div id="idFooterPoweredByContainer"> <span id="idFooterPoweredByWA"> Powered by <a href="http://www.wildapricot.com" target="_blank">Wild Apricot</a> Membership Software</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="idCustomJsContainer" class="cnCustomJsContainer"> <script type="text/javascript"> try { function removeLinks(links) { if (!arguments[0]) return; var a = arguments[0]; jq$(".WaGadgetMenuHorizontal a, .WaGadgetMenuVertical a, .WaGadgetMobilePanel a").each(function() { var curhref=jq$(this).attr('href').split("/")[3]; if ( (typeof(a)=='string' && a==curhref)|| (typeof(a)=='object' && (jq$.inArray(curhref, a)>-1)) ) { jq$(this).attr("href", "javascript:void(0);").css("cursor", "pointer"); } }); } removeLinks([]); } catch(err) {}</script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { function removeLinks(links) { if (!arguments[0]) return; var a = arguments[0]; jq$(".WaGadgetMenuHorizontal a, .WaGadgetMenuVertical a").each(function() { var curhref=jq$(this).attr('href').split("/")[3]; if ( (typeof(a)=='string' && a==curhref)|| (typeof(a)=='object' && (jq$.inArray(curhref, a)>-1)) ) { jq$(this).attr("href", "javascript:void(0);").css("cursor", "pointer"); } }); } removeLinks(["detector-Specifications"]); } catch(err) {}</script></div> </div></body> </html> <script type="text/javascript">if (window.BonaPage && BonaPage.setPageState) { BonaPage.setPageState(BonaPage.PAGE_PARSED); }</script>