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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathen%C3%A4ische_Preisamphoren" title="Panathenäische Preisamphoren – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panathenäische Preisamphoren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Αμφορέας των Παναθηναίων – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμφορέας των Παναθηναίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenaic_amphora" title="Panathenaic amphora – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Panathenaic amphora" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nfora_panatenaica" title="Ánfora panatenaica – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ánfora panatenaica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfora_panatenaiko" title="Anfora panatenaiko – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anfora panatenaiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphore_panath%C3%A9na%C3%AFque" title="Amphore panathénaïque – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amphore panathénaïque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfora_panatenaica" title="Anfora panatenaica – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anfora panatenaica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אמפורה פאן-אתנאית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמפורה פאן-אתנאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenae%C3%AFsche_amfora" title="Panathenaeïsche amfora – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panathenaeïsche amfora" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfora_panatenajska" title="Amfora panatenajska – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amfora panatenajska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82nfora_panatenaica" title="Ânfora panatenaica – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ânfora panatenaica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B610.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B610.jpg/250px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B610.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B610.jpg/375px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B610.jpg/500px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>Athene på en panathensk amfora fra år 332 / 221 f.Kr. funnet i Capua, Italia. British Museum.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panethenisk amfora</b> var den største <a href="/wiki/Keramikk" title="Keramikk">keramiske</a> skål som inneholdt olje, noen opptil 40 liter og var 60 til 70 cm høy, og ble gitt som pris eller pokal i de panathenske leker, <a href="/wiki/Panathenaia" title="Panathenaia">Panathenaia</a>, i den <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">antikkens Hellas</a>. </p><p>Disse olivenoljene kom fra <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athenes</a> hellige lund ved Akademia. <a href="/wiki/Amfora" title="Amfora">Amfora</a> som inneholdt oljen hadde en særegen form med tykke håndtak, smal nakke og fot, og dekorert i en standard form med <a href="/wiki/Svartfigurvaser" title="Svartfigurvaser">svartfigurer</a>, og fortsatte å være slik selv lenge etter at svartfigurstilen hadde gått av moten. De avbildet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athena_Promachos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athena Promachos (ikke skrevet ennå)">Athena Promachos</a>, krigsgudinnen mellom søylene med et spyd og et <i><a href="/wiki/Aegis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegis">aegis</a></i>, skjold. Ved siden av henne er beskrivelsen τον αθενεθεν αθλον = «(ene) av prisene fra Athen», og på baksiden av vasen var det en representasjon av den prestasjonen som ble belønnet. Noen ganger ble <a href="/wiki/Hane" title="Hane">haner</a> avbildet høyt oppe på søylene, men betydningen av dette er uklart. Senere amforaer hadde også navnet på det årets hersker skrevet, noe som gjør funnene <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologisk</a> betydningsfullt. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg/160px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg/240px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg/320px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>Burgonamfora, ca. 565 f.Kr., British Museum.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vasene ble bestilt av staten fra den ledende keramikkverkstedet i stort antall. Deres utseende hadde funnet sin form ved år 530 f.Kr., men det tidligste kjente eksempelet er Burgonamfora (<a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, B130) som avbilder Athenes <a href="/wiki/Ugle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugle">ugle</a> nyutklekket på vasens nakke og på motsatt side en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synoris (ikke skrevet ennå)">synoris</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Stridsvogn" title="Stridsvogn">stridsvogn</a>, noe som kan bety at den kan dateres før festivalens reorganisasjon i år 566 ettersom det ikke er en atletisk hendelse. Søylen med hanen er først sett på panethenisk amfora av <a href="/wiki/Exekias" title="Exekias">Exekias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tidlig på 300-tallet f.Kr. kommer en inklusjon av herskerens navn, det tidligste intakte er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteios (ikke skrevet ennå)">Asteios</a> fra år 373 / 372 f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imidlertid er det et fragment som bærer navnet Hippodamas fra 375 / 374 f.Kr. som kan også være panethenisk og Beazley foreslår at det kan være en foregående en; Pythokles av 392 / 391 f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etterhvert som århundret utvikler seg blir vasenes profil mer langstrakt og dekorasjonen mer maniert. Den siste daterte vase er fra 312 / 311 f.Kr., skjønt produksjonen fortsatte inn på 200-tallet f.Kr. og på 100-tallet ble herskerne ikke lenger navngitt, isteden har vi opptegnelser av rikdommer og lekenes ledere. Noen vaser ble brukt som gravvarer av seierherrenes familier, noe ble dedikert til helligdommer og andre ble solgt videre<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, derfor deres utstrakte distribusjon i hele den greske verden. </p><p>Overlevelsesraten av greske vaser som helhet kan bli kalkulert fra levningene av panethenisk amforaer. Etter omtrentlig 350 f.Kr. ble minst 1450 vaser gikk som belønning hvert fjerde år i stor-panathenaia. Antatt at antallet hendelser var konstant gjennom hele lekenes historie og at alle prisene hadde form av dekorerte amforaer kan vi dividere antallet av unike vaser kjent ved den totale produksjonsløpet, noe som gir oss et antall som forteller at det som ble produsert eksisterer 0,25 prosent fortsatt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panethenisk_amfora&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panethenisk_amfora&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Karlsruhe 65.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Oxford, 1911.257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Beazley, J. D.: <i>Development of Attic Black-Figure</i>, 1986, s. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">De offentlige opptegnelser av varer solgt av staten etter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcibiades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcibiades (ikke skrevet ennå)">Alcibiades</a>' fornedrelse har blitt delvis bevart, IG I3 422.21, 41-60, inkluderer nevnelse av 102 panethenisk, Broadman (ABFV, s.170) antyder at disse ble solgt for en gjennomsnittlig pris på en halv drakma hver for seg. Se også Johnston, A. W.: <i>Trade Marks on Greek Vases</i>, 1979.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panethenisk_amfora&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panethenisk_amfora&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John Boardman: <i>Athenian Black Figure Vases</i>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> 1974.</li> <li>Jenifer Neils:<i>Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens</i>, Hood Museum of Art, 1992.</li> <li>Martin Bentz: <i>Panathenäische Preisamphoren: eine athenische Vasengattung und ihre Funktion vom 6. – 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr.</i> Basel, Vereinigung der Freunde Antiker Kunst 1998. (Antike Kunst: Beihefte; 18) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3909064183" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-909064-18-3</a></li> <li>Martin Bentz; Norbert Eschbach (Hrsg.): <i>Panathenaïka : Symposion zu den Panathenäischen Preisamphoren, Rauischholzhausen 25.11. – 29.11.1998</i>. Mainz, Zabern 2001. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3805327080" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8053-2708-0</a></li> <li>S. A. Callisen: <i>The Iconography of the Cock on the Column</i>, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Jun., 1939), ss. 160-178</li></ul> <div id="catlinks"><p id="portlinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portaler" title="Wikipedia:Portaler">Portal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kunst" title="Portal:Kunst">Kunst</a></p></div> <div class="ve-conditional-display-block">Autoritetsdata</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panethenisk_amfora&oldid=23427126">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panethenisk_amfora&oldid=23427126</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Gresk_kunst" title="Kategori:Gresk kunst">Gresk kunst</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_uten_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler uten autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler uten autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_som_bruker_magiske_ISBN-lenker" title="Kategori:Sider som bruker magiske ISBN-lenker">Sider som bruker magiske ISBN-lenker</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 22. mar. 2023 kl. 08:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. 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