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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Legal parties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_parties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal parties subsection</span> </button> <ul 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of political parties in China</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_siyasi_partiyalar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Çin siyasi partiyalarının siyahısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin siyasi partiyalarının siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κατάλογος πολιτικών κομμάτων της Κίνας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάλογος πολιτικών κομμάτων της Κίνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فهرست حزب‌های سیاسی در چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست حزب‌های سیاسی در چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_partis_politiques_en_Chine" title="Liste des partis politiques en Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des partis politiques en Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%95%EB%8B%B9" title="중화인민공화국의 정당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화인민공화국의 정당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_partai_politik_di_Tiongkok" title="Daftar partai politik di Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar partai politik di Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_politieke_partijen_in_de_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Lijst van politieke partijen in de Volksrepubliek China – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van politieke partijen in de Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="中華人民共和国の政党一覧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華人民共和国の政党一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84skie_partie_demokratyczne" title="Chińskie partie demokratyczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chińskie partie demokratyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_partidos_pol%C3%ADticos_da_China" title="Lista de partidos políticos da China – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de partidos políticos da China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%A0" title="Список политических партий КНР – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список политических партий КНР" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="รายชื่อพรรคการเมืองในประเทศจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รายชื่อพรรคการเมืองในประเทศจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in%27deki_siyasi_partiler_listesi" title="Çin'deki siyasi partiler listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin'deki siyasi partiler listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3ng_ph%C3%A1i_ch%C3%ADnh_tr%E1%BB%8B_%E1%BB%9F_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Danh sách đảng phái chính trị ở Trung Quốc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Danh sách đảng phái chính trị ở Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" title="中華人民共和國政黨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中華人民共和國政黨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" title="中華人民共和國政黨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中華人民共和國政黨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q574619#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about political parties in the People's Republic of China. 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#AAAAAA;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border-bottom: 0.2em solid #CE294E00;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Leadership</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">Leadership generations</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_power_in_China" title="Succession of power in China">Succession of power</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E2%80%93Wen_Administration" title="Hu–Wen Administration">Hu–Wen Administration</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi–Li Administration</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jinping Administration">Xi Administration</a> (since 2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">4th Leadership Core</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Party Politburo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th State Council</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Current_office_holders" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Current state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">Current provincial leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Party_and_state_leaders" title="Party and state leaders">Party and state leaders</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in China">Orders of precedence</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of the People's Republic of China">First lady</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_representatives_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China">State representative</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">Head of government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Congress Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Conference Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">Commander-in-chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest-serving_members_of_the_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related systems</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_power" title="Unified power">Unified power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service of China">Civil service</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China">Previous constitutions</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1954</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1978</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_democratic_dictatorship" title="People's democratic dictatorship">"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism (Article 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_oath_of_office_of_China" title="Constitutional oath of office of China">Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Protection of human rights (Article 33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion (Article 36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">Highest state organ of power (Article 57)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese legal system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law tradition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislation_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Legislation Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statutes_of_China" title="List of statutes of China">List of statutes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Principles_of_the_Civil_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>General Principles of the Civil Law</i></a> (to 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Code of People's Republic of China"><i>Civil Code</i></a> (From 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Marriage_Law" title="New Marriage Law"><i>Marriage Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese labour law">Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Contract_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Contract Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_property_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Property Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Property Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">Intellectual property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_law_of_China" title="Patent law of China">Patent law</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_law_in_China" title="Administrative law in China">Administrative law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Administrative Procedure Law</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Criminal law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_offences_in_China" title="Capital offences in China">Capital offences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="History of the Chinese Communist Party">History</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Principal leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">ideology</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Admission_Oath" title="Chinese Communist Party Admission Oath">Admission Oath (Article 6)</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles" title="Four Cardinal Principles">Four Cardinal Principles</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Socialist Society</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Safeguards" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Establishes and Two Safeguards">Two Establishes and Two Safeguards</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">National Party Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>:</div> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chairman:</div> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Directors:</div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></span></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial & Economic Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_for_the_Protection_of_State_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets">Office of the Central Secrecy Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Provincial committee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Standing committee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Secretary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Deputy_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary">Deputy secretaries</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_group" title="Party group">Party group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chairpersons" title="Council of Chairpersons">Council of Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special Committees</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science, Culture and Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs</a></li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>State representative</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President of the People's Republic of China">Presidential Office</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></div></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Executive organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council (Central People's Government)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice-Premiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>) <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Cabinet-level departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development & Reform Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">National Audit Office</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission">State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government-owned_companies_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government-owned companies of China">most Central Enterprises</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Military organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission (CMC)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">supreme commander</a>): <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Members: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Departments: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="General Office of the Central Military Commission">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Shaojun" title="Zhong Shaojun">Zhong Shaojun</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_(China)" title="Joint Staff Department (China)">Joint Staff Dept.</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">Chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_Support_Department" title="Logistic Support Department">Logistic Support Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lin_(general)" title="Zhang Lin (general)">Zhang Lin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_Development_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission">Equipment Development Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xu_Xueqiang" title="Xu Xueqiang">Xu Xueqiang</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_and_Administration_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission">Training and Administration Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Peng_(lieutenant_general)" title="Wang Peng (lieutenant general)">Wang Peng</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission">National Defense Mobilization Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Faqing" title="Liu Faqing">Liu Faqing</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Discipline Inspection Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Central Military Commission">Politics and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission">Science and Technology Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Strategic_Planning_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission">Strategic Planning Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Reform_and_Organizational_Structure" title="Office for Reform and Organizational Structure">Reform & Organizational Structure Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">Int'l Military Cooperation Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Audit Office of the Central Military Commission">Audit Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Offices_Administration_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission">Offices Administration Agency</a></li></ol></dd> <dd>National armed forces: <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Emblem_PLA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army"><img alt="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/23px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/35px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/46px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Theater_command" title="Theater command">Theater commands</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_(CAPF)_cap_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force"><img alt="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/21px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/32px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/42px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="775" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_(2024).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Coast Guard"><img alt="Emblem of the Coast Guard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/21px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/32px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/42px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dong_Jun" title="Dong Jun">Dong Jun</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Ministry of Veterans Affairs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence">State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">Military history</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of wars involving the People's Republic of China">Armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernization_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">Military modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_People%27s_Republic_of_China_military_reform" title="2015 People's Republic of China military reform">Military reform since 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">CMC Leading Group for Military Reform</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supervisory organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jinguo" title="Liu Jinguo">Liu Jinguo</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign since 2012</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission Against Corruption (Macau)">Commission Against Corruption (Macau)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Judicial organs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jun_(politician)" title="Zhang Jun (politician)">Zhang Jun</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Justice (Hong Kong)">Department of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutions_Division_(Hong_Kong)" title="Prosecutions Division (Hong Kong)">Prosecutions Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court of Final Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Prosecutions_Office_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Prosecutions Office (Macau) (page does not exist)">Public Prosecutions Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_Security_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Security (Macau)">Secretariat for Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_Police_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary Police Services (page does not exist)">Unitary Police Services</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:警察總局">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Judiciary_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Judiciary Police (page does not exist)">Judiciary Police</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法警察局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Secretary-General of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongfeng" title="Wang Dongfeng">Wang Dongfeng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political parties</a>: <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP (ruling)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd>Historical parties: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">CDSP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">YCP</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">CCP Central Politics and Law Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Public Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Immigration_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Immigration Administration">State Immigration Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">Local public security bureaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">State Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Ministry of Justice</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/He_Rong" title="He Rong">He Rong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Justice_Bureau_of_Prison_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Justice Bureau of Prison Administration (page does not exist)">Bureau of Prison Administration</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法部监狱管理局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_management_and_law_enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban management and law enforcement">Urban Management <i>(chengguan)</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Leader: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Leaders: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Press_and_Publication" title="General Administration of Press and Publication">General Administration of Press and Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Film_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="China Film Administration">China Film Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reference_News" title="Reference News">Reference News</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_News_Service" title="China News Service">China News Service</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Today" title="China Today">China Today</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China" title="Radio jamming in China">Radio jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">Overseas censorship of Chinese issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of China">Media of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal media of China">Internal media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry_in_China" title="Publishing industry in China">Publishing industry in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Administration of China</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Rongwen" title="Zhuang Rongwen">Zhuang Rongwen</a></div></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">HK & Macau Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xia_Baolong" title="Xia Baolong">Xia Baolong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Liaison Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee Ka-chiu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & HK CEPA</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Basic_Law" title="Macao Basic Law">Macao Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ho_Iat-seng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Iat-seng">Ho Iat-seng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Politics of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & Macau CEPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">"Taiwan Province", PRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Leader: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Song_Tao_(diplomat)" title="Song Tao (diplomat)">Song Tao</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></dd> <dd>Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_spokespersons_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_China" title="List of spokespersons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China">Spokespersons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid from China</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exim_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Exim Bank of China">Exim Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Fund" title="Silk Road Fund">Silk Road Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">International Military Cooperation Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">NPC Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP International Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Experts_Affairs" title="State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs">State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Office">Overseas Chinese Affairs Office</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">Chinese nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_passport" title="Chinese passport">Chinese passports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens">Visa requirements for Chinese citizens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Macau" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa policy of China">Visa policy of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa policy of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Macau" title="Visa policy of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">National Immigration Administration</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Consensus" title="Beijing Consensus">Beijing Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="China and the World Trade Organization">China and the World Trade Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93China_relations" 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relations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">Hukou system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Family planning policy">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">Ethnic minorities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-color: #AAAAAA;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_China" title="Template talk:Politics of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> is a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP). Despite this, eight minor political parties subservient to the CCP exist. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a> principle, the <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, which were previously colonies of European powers, operate under a different political system from the rest of China. Currently, both <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Macau" title="List of political parties in Macau">Macau</a> possess multi-party systems that were introduced just before the handover of the territories to China.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_parties">Legal parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruling_party">Ruling party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ruling party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chinese Communist Party is the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">Chinese constitution</a> states that "The defining feature of <a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> is the leadership of the Communist Party of China",<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP constitution</a> declares the party to be the "highest force for political leadership".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left" colspan="3">Party </th> <th>Year founded </th> <th>Ideology </th> <th>Members (2023) </th> <th>Leader </th> <th><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">NPC</a> seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">NPCSC</a> seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> seats<sup id="cite_ref-a_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DD0000"> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/60px-Danghui.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/90px-Danghui.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/120px-Danghui.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></b> (CCP)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国共产党 (中共)</span></span><br /><i>Zhōngguó Gòngchán Dǎng (Zhōnggòng)</i> </td> <td align="center">1921 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> </td> <td>99,185,000<sup id="cite_ref-2023PartyCensus_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023PartyCensus-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">习近平</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2,091 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DD0000; width: 70%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">118 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DD0000; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">99 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DD0000; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_parties">Minor parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Minor parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front (China)</a></div> <p>While only the CCP holds effective power at the national level, there are officially eight minor and non-<a href="/wiki/Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">oppositional</a> parties that exist alongside the CCP that are officially titled "democratic parties" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">民主党派</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Mínzhǔ dǎngpài</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded before the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">proclamation of the People's Republic of China</a>, these parties must accept the "leading role" of the CCP as a condition of their continued existence.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between these parties and the CCP has officially been described as "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision, treating each other with full sincerity and sharing weal or woe" (prosperity or adversity) <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, these parties "play an advisory rather than an oppositional role".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eight minor parties take part in "<a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">united front</a> work" and also take part in the political system, but they have no power at a national level.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese political system allows for the participation of some members of the eight minor parties and other non-CCP members in the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (NPC), but they are vetted by the CCP.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Friedberg" title="Aaron Friedberg">Aaron Friedberg</a>, these parties' "purpose is to create the illusion of inclusiveness and representation."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the ways the CCP controls the minor parties is through its <a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> (UFWD), which vets the membership applications and controls who is the leader of these parties.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UFWD also keeps the parties in check by preventing them from expanding widely in counties and villages.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cadres of the eight parties are trained at the <a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Socialism" title="Central Institute of Socialism">Central Institute of Socialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parties are directed by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a> to study and implement <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is officially a ranking system of the parties; the ranking is based on their "contribution to the <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy" title="New Democracy">new democratic revolution</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="left">Party </th> <th>Year founded </th> <th>Members (2022) </th> <th>Chairperson </th> <th><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">NPC</a> seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">NPCSC</a> seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> seats<sup id="cite_ref-a_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#1b65af"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang</a> (RCCK)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国国民党革命委员会 (民革)</span></span><br /><i>Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì (Míngé)</i> </td> <td align="center">1948 </td> <td>158,000<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Jianbang" title="Zheng Jianbang">Zheng Jianbang</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">郑建邦</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1b65af; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1b65af; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">65 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1b65af; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cb7e1f"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">China Democratic League</a> (CDL)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国民主同盟 (民盟)</span></span><br /><i>Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Tóngméng (Mínméng)</i> </td> <td align="center">1941 </td> <td>348,300<sup id="cite_ref-OfficialIntro_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OfficialIntro-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ding_Zhongli" title="Ding Zhongli">Ding Zhongli</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">丁仲礼</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">57 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #cb7e1f; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #cb7e1f; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">65 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #cb7e1f; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="Orangered"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">China National Democratic Construction Association</a> (CNDCA)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国民主建国会 (民建)</span></span><br /><i>Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Jiànguó Huì (Mínjiàn)</i> </td> <td align="center">1945 </td> <td>220,000<sup id="cite_ref-:03_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hao_Mingjin" title="Hao Mingjin">Hao Mingjin</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">郝明金</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">57 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Orangered; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Orangered; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">65 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Orangered; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF500"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">China Association for Promoting Democracy</a> (CAPD)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国民主促进会 (民进)</span></span><br /><i>Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Cùjìn Huì (Mínjìn)</i> </td> <td align="center">1945 </td> <td>192,000<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cai_Dafeng" title="Cai Dafeng">Cai Dafeng</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">蔡达峰</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">58 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFF500; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFF500; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFF500; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#189df0"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party</a> (CPWDP)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国农工民主党 (农工党)</span></span><br /><i>Zhōngguó Nónggōng Mínzhǔdǎng (Nónggōngdǎng)</i> </td> <td align="center">1930 </td> <td>192,000<sup id="cite_ref-:04_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/He_Wei" title="He Wei">He Wei</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">何维</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">54 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #189df0; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #189df0; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #189df0; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="Red"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">China Zhi Gong Party</a> (CZGP)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国致公党 (致公党)</span></span><br /><i>Zhōngguó Zhì Gōng Dǎng (Zhìgōngdǎng)</i> </td> <td align="center">1925 </td> <td>69,000<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zuojun" title="Jiang Zuojun">Jiang Zuojun</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">蒋作君</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">38 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="Indianred"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">Jiusan Society</a> (JS)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">九三学社</span></span><br /><i>Jiǔsānxuéshè</i> </td> <td align="center">1945 </td> <td>204,069<sup id="cite_ref-:14_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wu_Weihua" title="Wu Weihua">Wu Weihua</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">武维华</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">63 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Indianred; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Indianred; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Indianred; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#1678C1"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League</a> (TDSL)<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">台湾民主自治同盟 (台盟)</span></span><br /><i>Táiwān Mínzhǔ Zìzhì Tóngméng (Táiméng)</i> </td> <td align="center">1947 </td> <td>3,400<sup id="cite_ref-:15_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Su_Hui_(politician)" title="Su Hui (politician)">Su Hui</a><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">苏辉</span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 2,980</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1678C1; width: 0.4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 175</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1678C1; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 544</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1678C1; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_parties">Other parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banned_parties">Banned parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Banned parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following parties formed in China are (or have previously been) banned by the government: </p> <ul><li>The Communist Party of China (Marxist–Leninist) (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国共产党 (马列)</span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" title="Anti-revisionism (Marxism–Leninism)">anti-revisionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Communist_party" title="Communist party">communist party</a> founded in 1976 by several Maoist rebel factions of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a> in Wuhan, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>. They believed it was illegal to arrest the <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a> and that the new leadership of the CCP is revisionist and unlawful. They were suppressed after attempts at an armed revolt failed in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Canton and Yunnan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Communist Party of China (Workers' and Peasants' Liberation Army) (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国共产党 (工农解放军)</span>) is an anti-revisionist communist party founded in 1976 by a Maoist rebel faction of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>. They used the old fortifications built during the Chinese Civil War and organized a partisan army named the "Workers' and Peasants' Liberation Army".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They announced that the new leadership of the CCP is revisionist and called for uprising and reestablished the Party Central Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their activities lasted until 1978.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Party_of_China" title="Democracy Party of China">Democracy Party of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国民主党</span>) was founded by participants of the 1978 <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Wall" title="Democracy Wall">Democracy Wall movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests</a>. Founded in 1998, it was declared illegal that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-Gittings_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gittings-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Chinese_Nationalists" title="Union of Chinese Nationalists">Union of Chinese Nationalists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国泛蓝联盟</span>) supports the ideals of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. As such, its goals include establishing a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a> in China, based on <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a>. The group originated from an internet forum discussion in August 2004. The Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council said it is an illegal organization on April 25, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_Party_of_China" title="New Democracy Party of China">New Democracy Party of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国新民党</span>) was founded by <a href="/wiki/Guo_Quan" title="Guo Quan">Guo Quan</a> in Nanjing at the end of 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Gittings_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gittings-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maoist_Communist_Party_of_China" title="Maoist Communist Party of China">Maoist Communist Party of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国毛泽东主义共产党</span>) is an anti-revisionist communist party founded in 2008. The party seeks to initiate a "second <a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">socialist revolution</a>" to re-establish the <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">dictatorship of the proletariat</a>. It has been subject to crackdowns by the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Zhi_Xian_Party" title="Zhi Xian Party">Zhi Xian Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">至宪党</span>), also known as the Chinese Constitutionalist Party in English. Founded by the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Bo_Xilai" title="Bo Xilai">Bo Xilai</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2013 and banned in December of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Chinese Proletarian Revolutionary Central Committee (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国无产阶级革命中央委员会</span>, abbreviated <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中革中央</span>) is an anti-revisionist communist party founded in the 2010s by Zhou Qun (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">周群</span>). The party leaders were members of a rebel faction (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">造反派</span>) during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, and the committee core consisted of dozens of <a href="/wiki/Layoff" title="Layoff">laid-off</a> workers (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">大下岗</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>. It was suppressed after the police found their "provocative" online activities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_parties">Overseas parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Overseas parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_National_Party" title="Shanghai National Party">Shanghai National Party</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_democracy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese democracy movement">pro-democracy</a> party which advocates for <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>, led by He Anquan, who left China after the <a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was notable for its opposition to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">China's COVID-19 lockdown policies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, he referred to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak" title="2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak">lockdowns in Shanghai</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> and maintained a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a> outside the Chinese consulate in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, He visited <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> in order to document the war.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_political_parties_in_China" title="History of political parties in China">History of political parties in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of ruling political parties by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">List of political parties in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Macau" title="List of political parties in Macau">List of political parties in Macau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seats for political parties</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuckley1997" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Roger (1997-05-28). <i>Hong Kong: The Road to 1997</i> (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9780511612220">10.1017/cbo9780511612220</a>. <a 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiHu2018" class="citation web cs1">Wei, Changhao; Hu, Taige (11 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npcobserver.com/2018/03/11/translation-2018-amendment-to-the-p-r-c-constitution/">"Annotated Translation: 2018 Amendment to the PRC Constitution (Version 2.0)"</a>. <i>NPC Observer</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222125439/https://npcobserver.com/2018/03/11/translation-2018-amendment-to-the-p-r-c-constitution/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%85%9A%E5%86%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=State+Council+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2024-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Fyaowen%2Fliebiao%2F202406%2Fcontent_6960213.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiaoTsai2019" class="citation journal cs1">Liao, Xingmiu; Tsai, Wen-Hsuan (2019). 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Cengage Learning. p. 324. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-133-71258-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-133-71258-9"><bdi>978-1-133-71258-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Politics+of+the+Developing+World%3A+Political+Challenges+and+Changing+Agendas&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-133-71258-9&rft.aulast=Kesselman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQfwJAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedberg2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Friedberg" title="Aaron Friedberg">Friedberg, Aaron L.</a> (2022). <i>Getting China Wrong</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=China+puts+a+stop+to+Maoist+revival&rft.date=2012-03-20&rft.aulast=Demick&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2012-mar-20-la-fg-china-maoists-20120320-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Malcolm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10439094/Former-teacher-names-Bo-Xilai-chairman-of-new-political-party.html">"Former teacher names Bo Xilai chairman of 'new political party'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110163134/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10439094/Former-teacher-names-Bo-Xilai-chairman-of-new-political-party.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Former+teacher+names+Bo+Xilai+chairman+of+%27new+political+party%27&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fchina%2F10439094%2FFormer-teacher-names-Bo-Xilai-chairman-of-new-political-party.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Kang_Lim_and_Ben_Blanchard2013" class="citation news cs1">Benjamin Kang Lim and Ben Blanchard (9 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/bo-xilai-supporters-name-disgraced-politician-chairman-for-life-of-new-political-party-in-china/article15368221/">"Bo Xilai supporters launch new political party in China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Bo+Xilai+supporters+launch+new+political+party+in+China&rft.date=2013-11-09&rft.au=Benjamin+Kang+Lim+and+Ben+Blanchard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fbo-xilai-supporters-name-disgraced-politician-chairman-for-life-of-new-political-party-in-china%2Farticle15368221%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShao" class="citation news cs1">Shao, Heng. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/hengshao/2013/12/17/bizarre-china-report-the-grand-wedding-power-play-smog-inspired-creativity/">"Bizarre China Report: The Grand Wedding, Power Play & Smog-Inspired Creativity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084546/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hengshao/2013/12/17/bizarre-china-report-the-grand-wedding-power-play-smog-inspired-creativity/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Bizarre+China+Report%3A+The+Grand+Wedding%2C+Power+Play+%26+Smog-Inspired+Creativity&rft.aulast=Shao&rft.aufirst=Heng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fhengshao%2F2013%2F12%2F17%2Fbizarre-china-report-the-grand-wedding-power-play-smog-inspired-creativity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/zh/北京民政局发出取缔至宪党决定/a-17296892">"北京民政局发出取缔"至宪党"决定"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 14 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516212327/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%91%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%96%E7%BC%94%E8%87%B3%E5%AE%AA%E5%85%9A%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A/a-17296892">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%91%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%96%E7%BC%94%22%E8%87%B3%E5%AE%AA%E5%85%9A%22%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A&rft.date=2013-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fzh%2F%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%91%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%96%E7%BC%94%E8%87%B3%E5%AE%AA%E5%85%9A%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A%2Fa-17296892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web.archive.org-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAreddy2022" class="citation web cs1">Areddy, James (26 April 2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/shanghai-lockdown-bolsters-a-fringe-independence-movement-11650706204">"Shanghai Lockdown Bolsters a Fringe Independence Movement"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426195022/https://www.wsj.com/articles/shanghai-lockdown-bolsters-a-fringe-independence-movement-11650706204">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Lockdown+Bolsters+a+Fringe+Independence+Movement&rft.date=2022-04-26&rft.aulast=Areddy&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fshanghai-lockdown-bolsters-a-fringe-independence-movement-11650706204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/huanjing/sc2-04052022134054.html">"旅美异见人士纽约中领馆外绝食抗议上海封城 — 普通话主页"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a></i>. April 5, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230214180920/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/huanjing/sc2-04052022134054.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=%E6%97%85%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%82%E8%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E9%A2%86%E9%A6%86%E5%A4%96%E7%BB%9D%E9%A3%9F%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%81%E5%9F%8E+%E2%80%94+%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fmandarin%2Fyataibaodao%2Fhuanjing%2Fsc2-04052022134054.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsiao-hwaLongAo" class="citation web cs1">Hsiao-hwa, Hsia; Long, Qiao; Ao, Jia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/document-03032022103152.html">"Exiled Chinese dissident travels to Ukraine in bid to document war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=Exiled+Chinese+dissident+travels+to+Ukraine+in+bid+to+document+war&rft.aulast=Hsiao-hwa&rft.aufirst=Hsia&rft.au=Long%2C+Qiao&rft.au=Ao%2C+Jia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdocument-03032022103152.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+political+parties+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_political_parties" title="Template talk:Chinese political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Political_parties_in_Mainland_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political parties in Mainland China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (2,098)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">Jiusan Society</a> (63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">China Association for Promoting Democracy</a> (58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">China Democratic League</a> (57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">China National Democratic Construction Association</a> (57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party</a> (54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang</a> (44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">China Zhi Gong Party</a> (38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League</a> (13)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Party_of_China" title="Democracy Party of China">Democracy Party of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_People%27s_Party" title="Inner Mongolian People's Party">Inner Mongolian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_Communist_Party_of_China" title="Maoist Communist Party of China">Maoist Communist Party of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_Party_of_China" title="New Democracy Party of China">New Democracy Party of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Chinese_Nationalists" title="Union of Chinese Nationalists">Union of Chinese Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhi_Xian_Party" title="Zhi Xian Party">Zhi Xian Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_National_Party" title="Shanghai National Party">Shanghai National Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">China Democratic Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_National_Revolution" title="Committee for National Revolution">Committee for National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Association" title="Concordia Association">Concordia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party">Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a><sup>still existing in the Republic of China</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Anti-Imperialist_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Anti-Imperialist Association">People's Anti-Imperialist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productive_People%27s_Party" title="Productive People's Party">Productive People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(China)" title="Progressive Party (China)">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_China" title="Social Democratic Party of China">Social Democratic Party of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongmenghui" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">Young China Party</a><sup>still existing in the Republic of China</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Kashgar_Party" title="Young Kashgar Party">Young Kashgar Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">Lists of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Taiwan" title="List of political parties in Taiwan">Political parties in the Republic of China after 1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_political_parties_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_political_parties_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Asia">List of political parties in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Afghanistan" title="List of political parties in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Armenia" title="List of political parties in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of political parties in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bahrain" title="List of political parties in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bhutan" title="List of political parties in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cambodia" title="List of political parties in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_East_Timor" title="List of political parties in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt" title="List of political parties in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of political parties in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iran" title="List of political parties in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iraq" title="List of political parties in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jordan" title="List of political parties in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of political parties in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_North_Korea" title="List of political parties in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea" title="List of political parties in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kuwait" title="List of political parties in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of political parties in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Laos" title="List of political parties in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon" title="List of political parties in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Maldives" title="List of political parties in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mongolia" title="List of political parties in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nepal" title="List of political parties in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Russia" title="List of political parties in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of political parties in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Singapore" title="List of political parties in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of political parties in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Syria" title="List of political parties in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tajikistan" title="List of political parties in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Thailand" title="List of political parties in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Uzbekistan" title="List of political parties in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Vietnam" title="List of political parties in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yemen" title="List of political parties in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Abkhazia" title="List of political parties in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Ossetia" title="List of political parties in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Taiwan" title="List of political parties in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Macau" title="List of political parties in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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