CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.worldscientific.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8f19c0b8fad64a6b',cH: 'S.Vd8PzsxzT6LM65aF1_cSM5LWoS3xCqMwRz1Mp7Ti0-1734132740-1.2.1.1-5Hq67S1WPTwbjUh6Vf4zOibHhXGKarKK43alh62tPO8lGdv_ZAn9ZUfRAY2NebFd',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1142\/9789811278952_0010?__cf_chl_tk=.1Fytg1fWuXxu3f6u7Xmg65hf8xxuOBrLtAQ70Rhows-1734132740-1.0.1.1-mF0idA6idYGsXbuio5PW8RI8cFs3lR_acYnyzc83aCk",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1734132740',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1142\/9789811278952_0010?__cf_chl_f_tk=.1Fytg1fWuXxu3f6u7Xmg65hf8xxuOBrLtAQ70Rhows-1734132740-1.0.1.1-mF0idA6idYGsXbuio5PW8RI8cFs3lR_acYnyzc83aCk",md: "am4Lpa2SDbCVPgBY8Jcywa9Yqp40pZ4HvPt.mj9juyA-1734132740-1.2.1.1-d9xBDCWz6ZdUaSnA0d_chANcjpdn0ugkVwM7GekzKSbTL2kRZjMa78lAEIIGRca2hYB0vIvxb4FeTgVorIFhi0yW7UoVQriVE8tHCMU68XrUFSI6G72UpRQ0gwH3qZJQYn5qoDyh4Wb7r13bQ5NerjDYQ1.9I0n1z83qZ7cBgOOXuelNsmhaNZmJ170YmfTChPBOOK6w0ZzkNfG4TxmDga96g3xe1fiRJzTU23VuLfRSOzfKCPXoVJAYRLSM.0lGKkd_HBmx2b0Q2OyZoeXL9YB6tIPE0wIa.vUJtH.4COTkuZ6MzxIOw3hDTIdGDI0VnsSXlM602AUXR72YG5lDMeN1GQxHyW7PobvctWHYcbUhjnXTfEkL52wMCUxlsX_ae1h7d9TU6KsOL3mhBbZcscn8.bOkiCeuqBdnJS4qn_oD8JCsGALEfQUdINzdvBsVb3MCr9AH1wMUcZoiOeHpkhvAn6f.TWRZuVq1es6rZpxONXYOFT4.qwvPCAFylrtf9M9PmL5xJVZ_hLDc7RGhz77nGvhQeBSSgLha7t8Oh6fICpzsCxL5XWMt8XYK5BA81DIjKatMfmHB7gGHYxzW.vRB_Od9UxAngqxpDSjDIcziuZ1ycoWqOOH9qnBCzXhHHskt9ccHDwrXC7SORUjvI5rPI65DjlHwyl_LoKwEcqv2MNLyAPWESSd13v3f8260YAPNKwchRIcEYmprbMZfHFCuGooYPfju19_2A_vGegh1kcDUUq_ghfgRA6F.dxHZyUJ_TyiAmr5Bsl4YPixIvHmkCyk8TBIoaUmD1.a5Nb6zha1osxH.S7Kv25uDcLZHSX4SMCrWxHKAFc___IdGoKMpLMxsCn6vMyPqHwFCr_xMAaMdZvFu1YQJ_YjSRtahII7Wx.WB2iYDzOkRSZl8YnlGWDmmCI0PvT.gD09RlyaJ8Xkrz3VilxTegFGm8cf2f4D7OWQNfj1nX8pyHmlnVwMFSj5pkCvwr608RGYCr62ziQ.w_qbaitkPlRVLmjvLEGqt6C6tB0XVDhdl4Yk.KQD73NHzV1TvmGxEpavlKa3rUakZXhfPNCocQRZ5UgVq4Gq5QwF9gOJce.eVPfGwjQiqLkqM3Getw5EzlC_FSQMtJE0WsILbvaNWzwQbM1k4XSoOPLKL.ksxQ7jA6YPV7Fjzwo5wKLm8DYfQUrwM.bh_qbz9wlxWtRhzdORrtKu1AMF8_nFij.iGZiNhhlQ.Ts1kZTFcnSS3P6lT30AXwe438tGBJGeGhPSH9ifG28dGVUa68j03hhVO9I.1weR6Vka8jsxTlYgmSM0aQm_5P0a35S1f4_980_qeSG3B6ggL905ZQVrHOQ.TUbVC4FTVqk65O13ZiOeV9X338rgcodOYu09aobfnZ2gInMye21VssvzTB1TiuqybjkwkNOZaDEtmJM.z5Gh0bJHdiTf271MS3rcBdwBbYtPzSyg0qBriPRtxJspFgrsrrOmnvUVv.QcEGGkm1N5QTmHD3npP.B_GcY54L68jDrvQZNEXZ2b6valAcYlieLIKTf4DbG02wyVZvny2z2FaVOCg0abGCYPgdYBPVlRWHg4E1yml3LXnHpwFDCDskin1ffjYnJuYCoseS5L7KXcbzmscX6Ey2GIZUrP.OcGk4kq8q0v4TlkgWA8cwv7keNUzBu2HLloAs1_eYzM4NTl47o_LnIFOG3tNYBIEbcZNyJ.2t4g2r7ygm1PJbt3siH2J1Hvwz1G4tEpni6HgT1IytzH0cHwiemWDsZBymdO8QsxRXTvYmFpXBczLuJWkQtWoWYoGe4D3mLogBbySDx.p9u.OswyvSEiSjJ4EfDUEwjMbbaDf.q0Jnfa8vUiGVIf.8fXi9Zi28kdfoRgS1tfj7xuxrR0J4HPinYKKWhb11R0htSYIxyMkAZgmcG90Y72jsh1CfDQHfiktN1zFvCfYelhAnLHsiGTwUnJ23AidMwjIcDNwkAAzuoZDjju8JO8fUsYa83X6r4GiDh90iqSBpvvQx0MKDVBcvNGntERem0e1KxgRNBubmGdcQWrIJFYrm2jd4swPPUOTkmMEZhcHox5p_GaEseQBgR4LWpn7ddJDfyMrNTlOiTLnFmAk9Z8CPCRzCMfmADcaMBRbYzAMOOhXhWaPZQKuCXtOG9KXJa5Ly3AWhZUMWER.Yr6oyqcGidXxmpKkZEXYekXZoA4qqCtns4g6_BOlX7SUDRf2Oqyq8il0dDmjKgeuZPCX3uaLfMKOOLy1wEoTLRBoesvIQbvlpveiSWMX6yuXnmsRvR6yLdo6_fRackzYEIOr43ZmSli.CquhqwmdC_FrY3pCMZbhwhYLSMf0ew9XX4LlAvoeFVXcQbnYALxsPfyPAI14I25dHyVi2nG2MIj9oMgEIcJCT6PfEZMXBUyl2JwS.oBGj.9FSMtEGJxMQ6qwlok2.PeTj5vL9MsjLS6vLyvVbAdN3nhqM3kAeSrSycC69vuV57td6fBlJL5xrTy9xubn85ZX_p1ccP9TQRM8wQ1RhAOOwDuC39ykuXlv5qLuabU.t05BYKEezdOclr.xm9wO5e6qP395t6EbzYkjMwbcENujmEQdNaYxTSNNE9orfEyL7YEPXBvvVrfLtJW7i0K7TEzby5zDWkw2iLeXWdMvvxk89JuRdYeAbsv1F7d1_igypDtbhoClLgPtuOEUG9PrFXNjbVJH5nGIVbj6K75lN2E60qXEESx8lms1VFmCB_TvVkJUcixPDygmeoFfJolWteq5QRLtROsTgIq1oXr56ZCpeWSa_i10jUCKDYBtPOq3oLZnLYuXF7cRPa4nc0kR9l4EMMAA7veJuZcOZTfSssbCjHNabSNh0e4IgCF7gsUb8DcH23gNECStTLm3W0.ey93ijhzOe938lWh_XdJz21M_i6ki.xbFnenRBFrcyOwoJF43lAsyLEgCG6ZNyceW1AkPXX5W2KnEMdnl2HBdsFb3MS63f4BSkwNxqBGdkORDtBhf3E85",mdrd: "vWqf1goHcesMovabKB1wdTt_22eWQ1AWInmZkNfsBO0-1734132740-1.2.1.1-NrPB5eX_zB0ouy6u8gaYujYYfDRDDBRGhx_tiRTh9pKM2R6xJI8DH2dpNTf6XdlfhqUviR_Xg3.XM0LTsLqgdHYofflmUgv4pMuP7w_6kfKfvynjgD0eIPikvSwXqZ4aLO3X6xZPz5ayoF5w2AfFcFVRHTIB6q7VarTHUO4aWjVqbulMAH6mHSSAj2s9rLFB7YRQF51xlz.mkmJ2YnmoYQamtfHkqJjc8yKVHPs3gVe_xE23P0wFgLLefFx1MpZ_Uo4J_SBKnluN.aMswCgWu2iWD7LE27_WsY5W753JlAHnofEL3jUKqxnylAZA.G8FgXM1DVyCs2hx228fxoTYrY05yvYYEgfhLrSvDu23Eth8tnNxzlPmABHydsSmztbG4jj0XJqYsmC3huw6VODhaxP.aYBP7mnoz7LMkuuvaVGjFWx_jAvJ7LOagFBLer998QRSpS22qNsCAEIpyXCKwXvIhxvOLQ9pAHMCxv_xKiJcyPUO8GfhfYqWMHkwrhvMemfxE1TvB8J6h0jvcRVMIx47iD157jIx8NCAMJHE2GtSI64Tt4IReASgJl81uBXElfTMOPSypYL2B243mrAMhrGfcBnskR.JqZynI6Q9A_RTB4J1xBtFEImHzGX8yVGOpx7JLqrj_ila.rcDUfZBtel5TsCJmVxn_GmKxyry8v3MuNVhawbT3UHg2bCx3Jpy7uIZhDFgtGnGUjDaMr_KOLObrsTI19lsW4B.HaD9VNEHC9aINyICbayncNsP68FNhEaq5NuKI3Cw20979v4lLDsERLLwLmrdHsMVlxDf_M7kjz1wYnQBaoiS45Khs.ygFSs77XJJor.SxyUErETtTlwGK9XFqbq8Ust0JdU.AqthLWB29hrochJUc_llcfteMRx1uth.y2NucN4poDLYpSNMlFoPljTzVXKjq1k30mR.rq2rEOjNBLXyFzuRaN7_TBMjzibRX_5QD5zoMraL8FEfaxc9gfbHdxwzriueaY9d6QCbPGPm1EAMHKTMMcEwIO9fHDPKLWeVZbVg4HxN.eqggzarIhbdmvWlG8XjsRLKaaNfHt66UUeL1dK0.Zg2f2wDQ0s7Btjnt23uPiMYP9mOBB4bnE8MRMX5AjmEBFHnMYEuQvPT.u7if43UWMF2n41QrpiLWyw7HsjKETjKtoITkgsMAXTkwGHdNFUmiumQrBlQzm2VO8IufgpnBAtEO544Zt8CnGu5miydi1EkIwphJ5q3zLhgFdDaltsGRMitr7fB8OlE18jqRw2XC.Ua7qNMzGWeT0BGLOk9.GX_yUh36nWvGRjyj20Nr_jdqHF8l3Yf_RhZeCEiGvO8693C1l8dGYcLrx9Rqwv6V9YQGpqlboBkjiBwHNgZ46OsRQfdl5KAr1L8ZNMoYtpRGTg3DP1euORJb3Y2gdC5GFicKe9hV83XgfApPXpSsoDJ61.3nxL7WIff1d8PYIqxvj45aWBM__oinAV7Uj4IIooI.iIwcM1txhj07QbezWrN1WfQKeulQwgYq121pb56X4WfKS8f3xn7451cvSX0GFhPHnyVTwbHwPpkmTV__j7qEJ_r1WR1i96bCRKqM50qGzw5QgeiWHZ4cQpodAdmGWK3mg96wLSN0JiBgDETzALMytQtls1nqbhKucumF9DQVR1zUXPfEYJB95AUL7QgHOzLYmWnHdynzKZOmZfvrRKd.m_XyOUzIh6ssQAD0AhtGMVf14Gt_4TLPhxoJ.fJ9Dmy3JL0LNmTIasgRhzG6BSj5sz2SbCwkD70aRuKQGCXlKDw.55pxXnBnIUbeBVEwYy4SC31kLhXL2oGGqTe6IazEob4MJc9WLOzX0ykB3QxHqXst9fLf9ORlFMlLUN5XKPP4n7vS60pm2B0aC20NrSHU7hBaiGGkysGipPWSrzL7ApLZIUSM1Uq26Er4knubf3LXJLFex88jm.RNzrEhUYsE2DiM_Py_Tqu5f6FgZEfOuOJ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8f19c0b8fad64a6b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1142\/9789811278952_0010?__cf_chl_rt_tk=.1Fytg1fWuXxu3f6u7Xmg65hf8xxuOBrLtAQ70Rhows-1734132740-1.0.1.1-mF0idA6idYGsXbuio5PW8RI8cFs3lR_acYnyzc83aCk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>