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网飞版《三体》为何在中国引发愤怒、嘲笑和怀疑 - 纽约时报中文网
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class="article-header"><header><small>新新世界</small><h1>网飞版《三体》为何在中国引发愤怒、嘲笑和怀疑</h1></header><div class="byline-row"><div class="byline-box"><div class="byline"><address>袁莉</address><time pudate="2024-04-09 01:02:01" datetime="2024-04-09 01:02:01">2024年4月9日</time></div><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div><figure class="article-span-photo"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/04/06/multimedia/00NewWorld-wkpc/00NewWorld-wkpc-master1050.jpg" width="1050" height="701" alt="网飞版《3体》开场的一幕。中国人对这部系列剧的负面反应显示了多年的审查和思想灌输如何塑造了公众态度。"><figcaption><span>网飞版《3体》开场的一幕。中国人对这部系列剧的负面反应显示了多年的审查和思想灌输如何塑造了公众态度。</span> <cite>Netflix</cite></figcaption></figure><div class="row"><div class="article-left"><section class="article-body"><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">网飞版《<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20240402/china-three-body-problem-murder/">3体</a>》的前五分钟让人不忍直视。</div><div class="article-paragraph">面对那些画面,我尽量不把眼睛闭上:1966年,在<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160608/t00lens-panoramic/">文化大革命</a>的高潮中,一名物理教授遭到残忍的殴打。他被活活打死,遍体鳞伤,身上到处都是血。同为物理学家的女儿眼看着父亲在众目睽睽之下被杀戳,让她对人类失去了希望。</div><div class="article-paragraph">我强迫自己看完了这个暴力场景。此前,我从未在屏幕上看到“批斗会”被如此活生生地展现出来过。由于这部网飞根据中国最著名的科幻作品改编的剧集在中国引起的反响,我也觉得必须看完这个场景。</div><div class="article-paragraph">在中国的社交媒体平台上,评论者对这部剧集表达了各种不满:情节不都发生在中国;主要人物不都是中国人,而是不同种族的人;原著中的一个男性主角在剧中变成了女性,而且在他们眼里,扮演她的女演员不够漂亮。他们还列举了许多其他在他们看来是错误的东西。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-0" data-target="{"pos":"mid1","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">原著《三体》是一部预示末日的三部曲之一,写的是人类如何应对即将到来的外星人入侵的故事。《三体》的中文版和翻译成十几种语言的其他版本的销量数以百万计,是过去几十年来世界上最著名的中国小说之一。美国<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20170117/obamas-secret-to-surviving-the-white-house-years-books/">前总统奥巴马</a>也是《三体》的粉丝。中国没有几个如此成功的文化输出产品。</div><div class="article-paragraph">但网飞版的《3体》并没有在中国引起人们的自豪和庆祝,而是引发了愤怒、嘲笑和怀疑。这些反应表明多年的审查和思想灌输已如何塑造了公众对中国与外部世界关系的看法。该自豪的时候他们无动于衷,而且太容易被冒犯。他们也把娱乐太当真,但对历史和政治却太过漫不经心。多年的审查制度还削弱了人们对“文革”中发生的事情的了解。</div><div class="article-paragraph">一些评论者说,制作该剧的主要原因是网飞(或更确切地说是西方)想妖魔化中国,手法之一是展示“文革”期间的政治暴力,那是中华人民共和国历史上最黑暗的时期之一。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“网飞只是在迎合西方口味,尤其是在剧情开场时,”一名用户在微博上写道。</div><div class="article-paragraph">这部畅销书及其作者刘慈欣在中国有着狂热的追随者。这并不奇怪,因为中国社会从高层领导、科学家、企业家到街头百姓,都沉浸在技术乌托邦主义中。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/04/06/multimedia/00NewWorld-02-chvq/00NewWorld-02-chvq-master1050.jpg" alt="《3体》的部分演员。中国社交媒体上的一些评论者抱怨说,该剧的主角不全是中国人,而是各种族都有。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/04/06/multimedia/00NewWorld-02-chvq/00NewWorld-02-chvq-master1050.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>《3体》的部分演员。中国社交媒体上的一些评论者抱怨说,该剧的主角不全是中国人,而是各种族都有。</span> <cite>Ed Miller/Netflix</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph">三部曲第一卷的英文译本于2014年在美国<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/books/20141117/t17scifi/">出版</a>。中国电子商务巨头<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20140919/c19alibaba/">阿里巴巴</a>也是那年在纽约完成了轰动一时的首次公开募股。世界开始将中国视为一个新兴的技术和制造大国,而不只是一个模仿西方技术的国家。</div><div class="article-paragraph">网飞版《3体》把中国描绘为能与宇宙交流的科学强国。刘慈欣丰富的想象力以及他对善恶本质的探究是作品成功的关键。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-1" data-target="{"pos":"mid2","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">他似乎并不认为中国甚至地球有什么特别。他曾在2022年的一次电视采访中<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1r34y1a7hy/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click">说</a>,任何一部科幻小说里描述的危机都是“人类共同面对的危机”。他还说:“从宇宙的眼光来看,我们就是一个整体。”</div><div class="article-paragraph">网飞在改编中延用了中文音译“三体”作为外星人的名称。而原著《三体》的英文翻译使用的是Trisolarian。上一次中文词进入全球流行文化是什么时候?但中国社交媒体上很少有人庆祝这点。</div><div class="article-paragraph">许多评论反而集中在该剧对中国的描绘多么有损形象、剧中的中国元素多么少等问题上。虽然网飞的服务范围不包括中国,但不少人已看过《3体》的盗版。</div><div class="article-paragraph">网飞版《3体》的故事主要在英国展开,而不是在中国。演员来自不同种族,包括拉丁裔、黑人、白人、南亚人和华人。一些评论称这种多元化的选角是“美国式的政治正确”,还有一些评论对该剧只让华人演员扮演恶棍或穷人(这不是事实)提出了质疑。</div><div class="article-paragraph">如果说他们对网飞版《3体》的主要抱怨是创作者对情节和主要角色的改编太随意的话,他们的另一大抱怨则是,该剧开始时的“文革”情景太真实或太暴力。</div><div class="article-paragraph">有些评论者对是否有必要提及该政治事件表示怀疑。还有些评论者指责剧作夸大了“批斗会”的暴力程度。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-2" data-target="{"pos":"mid3","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">据不同的学者<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html">估计</a>,有150万到800万中国人在1966年到1976年的十年动乱期间“非正常死亡”,逾1亿人受到波及。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160516/c16crexplainer/">文化大革命</a>是毛泽东1966年发动的一场政治运动。他为了重塑自己的权威,号召激进的年轻人与当权派作斗争。国内有关“文革”的讨论都受到严格审查。由于编辑担心小说通不过审查,刘慈欣只好把“批斗会”从第一卷的开头移到了小说的中部。小说英文版以“批斗会”开始,得到了刘慈欣的认可。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“文化大革命在书中出现是因为它对情节至关重要,”刘慈欣曾在2019年对我的同事亚历山德拉·阿尔特<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/magazine/ken-liu-three-body-problem-chinese-science-fiction.html">说</a>。“主人公需要对人类彻底绝望。”</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/04/10/multimedia/00NewWorld-03-fvhk/00NewWorld-03-fvhk-master1050-v2.jpg" alt="原著《三体》是关于人类如何应对即将到来的外星人入侵的启示录三部曲,也是世界上最有名的中国小说之一。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/04/10/multimedia/00NewWorld-03-fvhk/00NewWorld-03-fvhk-master1050-v2.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>原著《三体》是关于人类如何应对即将到来的外星人入侵的启示录三部曲,也是世界上最有名的中国小说之一。</span> <cite>Netflix</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph">随着中国越来越避讳“文革”的话题,很难想象刘慈欣现在能出版一本以此为前提的书。</div><div class="article-paragraph">2007年,独立电影制片人胡杰拍了一部关于卞仲耘的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu1YaM9NB0E">纪录片</a>。卞仲耘是北京一所中学的副校长,是最早被红卫兵打死的人之一。她的丈夫给她赤裸的、遍体鳞伤的尸体拍了照片,胡杰在纪录片的开头使用了这些照片。《3体》的开头场景让我想起了这部纪录片。这部纪录片从未在中国公开放映过。</div><div class="article-paragraph">最近有人在社交媒体上转发了一篇关于叶企孙的旧文。叶是中国近代物理学研究的奠基者之一,与《3体》开场“批斗会”上的物理学家同姓。叶企孙在1967年被污蔑为“特务”,遭到关押、殴打,被迫供认所谓的罪行。他曾一度精神错乱,流落在北京街头,向行人乞讨食物和钱。文章在网上广泛流传后遭到了审查。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-3" data-target="{"pos":"mid4","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">在中国的社交媒体上,关于《三体》的视频内容颇为盛行。但很少有人敢在视频中提出,是什么原因导致身为物理学家的女儿请外星人来入侵地球。百度网站上一段播放量超过500万次的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/video?secondId=124881&lemmaId=5739303&fromModule=lemma-video_video-share">视频</a>将文化大革命称为“红色的年代”,但没有解释发生了什么。视频网站哔哩哔哩上另一段点击量超过800万次的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ts411U7wt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click">视频</a>称文革为“你懂的事件”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">这本书的粉丝可能听说过文化大革命,但他们对于中共和一些普通中国人在“文革”期间犯下的暴行没有具体概念,这并不奇怪。这是国内对网飞版《3体》的反应让一些人感到担忧的原因。</div><div class="article-paragraph">一名维权律师在微信上写道,他的年龄足够大,让他在小时候看到过一些批斗会。“如果我活得更久一点,我甚至可能会亲身体验,”他写道。“这不叫转世。这就是历史。”</div></div><div class="article-body-aside col-lg-3"></div></div></section><footer class="author-info"><span><p><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/li-yuan">袁莉</a>为《纽约时报》撰写“<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/topic/20180823/the-new-new-world/">新新世界</a>”专栏,专注中国及亚洲科技、商业和政治交叉议题。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/li-yuan">点击查看更多关于她的信息。</a></p><p>翻译:纽约时报中文网</p><div data-poster="" class=""><div data-poster="" class=""><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/08/business/3-body-problem-china-reaction.html">点击查看本文英文版。</a></div></div></span></footer></div></div></article><div class="container article-footer"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-12 mobile-refer-cont" id="J_hideRefer"><div class="related-cont"><h4>相关报道</h4><ul class="refer-list"><li class="article-refer"><div class="refer-list-item"><a href="/china/20240402/china-three-body-problem-murder/" title="网飞《三体》背后的离奇投毒案"><div><h3 class="refer-list-headline">网飞《三体》背后的离奇投毒案</h3><p class="refer-pubdate">2024年4月2日</p></div><img alt="网飞《三体》背后的离奇投毒案" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/04/01/multimedia/01china-threebodyproblem-tzjv/01china-threebodyproblem-tzjv-thumbLarge.jpg" width="75" height="75"></a></div></li><li class="article-refer"><div class="refer-list-item"><a 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