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class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">cranial</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(adj.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>"頭蓋骨に関する"、1779年、現代ラテン語の <i class="foreign notranslate">cranium</i> から派生し、ギリシャ語の <i class="foreign notranslate">kranion</i> "頭蓋骨"（<a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of cranium " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/jp/word/cranium">cranium</a> を参照）と <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -al " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/jp/word/-al#etymonline_v_32845">-al</a> (1) から成り立っています。</p></section><div class="-mb-6 lg:-mb-8"><p class="text-sm font-sans text-battleship-gray flex items-center mt-0"><a class="inline-flex items-center text-battleship-gray hover:text-primary transition-colors group hover:no-underline" rel="nofollow" aria-label="さらに、1779から記録されています" title="「1779」からの単語も検索" href="/search?sort=a&q=from%3A1779"><span class="inline-flex items-center font-normal">さらに、1779から記録されています</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ml-0 w-4 h-4 text-lg transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-0.5" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a></p></div></section></div></div></div></div><div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">「<em> cranial </em>」に関連する単語</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of cranium" class="w-full group" href="/jp/word/cranium"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_297" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">cranium</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"人間の頭蓋骨"、"15世紀初頭、<i class="foreign notranslate">craneum</i> から派生した言葉で、中世ラテン語の <i class="foreign notranslate">cranium</i>「頭蓋骨」から来ており、ギリシャ語の <i class="foreign notranslate">kranion</i>「頭蓋骨、頭の上部」に関連しています。詩的に <i class="foreign notranslate">kara</i>（<i class="foreign notranslate">kras</i>）「頭」に由来し、PIE ルート <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *ker- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/jp/word/*ker-">*ker-</a>（1）「角、頭」に関連しています。厳密には「脳箱」であり、脳を包む骨格です。サー・トマス・ブラウンによって <i class="foreign notranslate">crany</i> と英訳されました。</p></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of -al" class="w-full group" href="/jp/word/-al"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_32845" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">-al</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(1)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>名詞や他の形容詞から形容詞を形成する接尾辞、「のような、関連する、〜に関する」、中英語の <i class="foreign notranslate">-al</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">-el</i>、フランス語または直接ラテン語の <i class="foreign notranslate">-alis</i> から（<a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -al " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/jp/word/-al#etymonline_v_32846">-al</a> (2) を参照）。</p></section></div></div></div><div class="mt-4"><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"></ul></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">広告</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_ngram" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all mt-1 w-full max-h-[250px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">広告を削除しますか？ <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">ログイン</a>広告を少なくして、<a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">プレミアムメンバー</a> 全ての広告を消すには。</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="min-h-unit-7"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">「<em> cranial </em>」の使い方の傾向</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><canvas role="img" height="150" width="300"></canvas><div class="text-left text-xs font-sans italic py-2 text-spanish-gray dark:text-davis-gray">統計グラフは books.google.com/ngrams/ から作成されています。Nグラムは信頼性に欠ける可能性があります。</div></div><div><div class="w-full space-y-4 pb-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">「<em>cranial</em>」を共有する</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex gap-4 items-center"><button 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cranial by etymonline</a></div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy HTML Link"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium 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(n.d.). Etymology of cranial. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved April 2, 2025, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/cranial</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy APA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">コピー</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">シカゴスタイル:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy Chicago Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper Douglas, "Etymology of cranial," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed April 2, 2025, https://www.etymonline.com/word/cranial.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy Chicago Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">コピー</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">MLAスタイル:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy MLA Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of cranial." Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/cranial. Accessed 2 April, 2025.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy MLA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">コピー</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">IEEEスタイル:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy IEEE Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">D. 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lang="en"><span>「<em>cranial</em>」の近くにある単語</span></div><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><ul class="list-none list-none grid grid-cols-1"><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/jp/word/cramp" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of cramp" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">cramp</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/jp/word/crampon" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of crampon" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">crampon</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/jp/word/crampy" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of crampy" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary 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class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">cranberry</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/jp/word/crane" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of crane" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center 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24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/jp/word/craniotomy" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of craniotomy" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">craniotomy</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" 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Store\u003c/appStore\u003eまたは\u003cgooglePlay\u003eGoogle Play\u003c/googlePlay\u003eで確認・管理してください。追加のサポートが必要ですか？\u003csupport\u003eこちらをクリック\u003c/support\u003eしてカスタマーサポートにお問い合わせください。\"},\"saved\":{\"title\":\"保存済み\",\"bookmarks\":{\"title\":\"ブックマーク\",\"noBookmarks\":\"ブックマークはまだありません\",\"addBookmarks\":\"ブックマークを追加するとここに表示されます\",\"loadMore\":\"もっと読み込む\",\"loading\":\"読み込み中...\",\"deleteBookmark\":\"ブックマークを削除\",\"deleteBookmarkMessage\":\"このブックマークを削除してもよろしいですか？\",\"cancel\":\"キャンセル\",\"delete\":\"削除\"},\"notes\":{\"title\":\"ノート\",\"noNotes\":\"ノートはまだありません\",\"startCreatingNotes\":\"ノートを追加するとここに表示されます\",\"loadMore\":\"もっと読み込む\",\"loading\":\"読み込み中...\",\"deleteNote\":\"ノートを削除\",\"deleteNoteMessage\":\"このノートを削除してもよろしいですか？\",\"editNote\":\"ノートを編集\",\"save\":\"保存\",\"private\":\"非公開\",\"public\":\"公開\"}}},\"columns\":{\"title\":\"一言二言\",\"recent\":\"最近の投稿\",\"anonymous\":\"匿名\"},\"home\":{\"title\":\"オンライン語源辞典\",\"latestColumn\":{\"label\":\"コラム\",\"more\":\"もっと見る\"},\"aboutButton\":\"紹介\",\"dictionaryTitle\":\"オンライン語源辞典\",\"content\":\"\\n \u003cp\u003eこれは現代英語が辿った車輪の轍（わだち）を示す地図です。\u003ca href=\\\"/word/etymology\\\"\u003e語源（エティモロジー）\u003c/a\u003eとは単語の定義ではなく、600年あるいは2000年前にそれらの言葉がどんな意味を持ち、どのように発音されていたのかを説明するものです。\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e単語に付記された年代は、その単語が書き記された最も古い記録の年（特に指定がない限り英語における初出）を示しています。ただし、これはあくまで目安にすぎません。特に1700年以前については、ある単語が書き残された記録に登場する何百年も前から口語として使われていた可能性が高いからです。\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e本書の主な資料は、ウィークリー著『現代英語語源辞典（An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English）』、クライン著『英語総合語源辞典（A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language）』、『オックスフォード英語辞典（第2版）』、『バーンハート語源辞典』、ホルトハウゼン著『英語語源辞典（Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache）』、キプファーおよびチャップマン著『アメリカ俗語辞典（Dictionary of American Slang）』です。この編纂にあたり使用した印刷物の完全なリストは、\u003ca rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" href=\\\"/columns/post/sources\\\"\u003eこちら\u003c/a\u003eでご覧いただけます。\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e本辞典を公開して以来、世界中のまだお会いしたことのない多くの方々から貴重なご提案をいただきました。皆様に心より感謝申し上げます。\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n 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