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href="#Armament_and_gondola_cannons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Armament and gondola cannons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armament_and_gondola_cannons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Designation_and_nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designation_and_nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Designation and nicknames </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designation_and_nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Record-setting_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record-setting_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Record-setting flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Record-setting_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Variants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Operational history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Surviving aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Bf_109G-6)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Bf_109G-6)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Specifications (Bf 109G-6) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Bf_109G-6)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Messerschmitt Bf 109</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%81_109" title="مسرشميت بي اف 109 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسرشميت بي اف 109" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_Bf_109" title="Месершмит Bf 109 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Месершмит Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81_%DB%B1%DB%B0%DB%B9" title="مسرشمیت ب‌اف ۱۰۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسرشمیت ب‌اف ۱۰۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%84%9C%EC%8A%88%EB%AF%B8%ED%8A%B8_Bf_109" title="메서슈미트 Bf 109 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메서슈미트 Bf 109" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98_Bf_109" title="מסרשמיט Bf 109 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסרשמיט Bf 109" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bf_109" title="Bf 109 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D._109" title="മെസ്സർഷ്മിറ്റ് ബി.എഫ്. 109 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെസ്സർഷ്മിറ്റ് ബി.എഫ്. 109" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA_%E1%81%81%E1%81%80%E1%81%89" title="ဘီအက်ဖ် ၁၀၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘီအက်ဖ် ၁၀၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9F%E3%83%83%E3%83%88_Bf109" title="メッサーシュミット Bf109 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッサーシュミット Bf109" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%81_%DB%B1%DB%B0%DB%B9" title="مېسرشمېت بي اف ۱۰۹ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مېسرشمېت بي اف ۱۰۹" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Messerschmitt Bf 109" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German WWII fighter aircraft family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Bf 109</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37,_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/450px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/600px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="553" /></a> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">A Bf 109G-6 of <a href="/wiki/JG_27" class="mw-redirect" title="JG 27">JG 27</a> "Afrika" in flight, 1943</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt#History" title="Messerschmitt">Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW)</a> <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Messerschmitt AG">Messerschmitt AG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Willy_Messerschmitt" title="Willy Messerschmitt">Willy Messerschmitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lusser" title="Robert Lusser">Robert Lusser</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a><div> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Hungarian Air Force">Royal Hungarian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Air_Force" title="National Republican Air Force">National Republican Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Romanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Romanian Air Force">Royal Romanian Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">34,248<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-1">[1]</a> +603 <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199</a> +239 <a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviacion_Ha_1112" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano Aviacion Ha 1112">HA-1112</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">29 May 1935<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsgren201741-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">9 May 1945, Luftwaffe 27 December 1965, Spanish Air Force</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-99/S-199</a> <a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">Hispano Aviación HA-1112</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> fighter aircraft that was, along with the <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a>, the backbone of the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>'s fighter force.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189-3">[3]</a> The Bf 109 first saw operational service in 1937 during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. It was still in service at the end of World War II in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189-3">[3]</a> It was one of the most advanced fighters when it first appeared, with an all-metal <a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">monocoque</a> construction, a closed canopy, and retractable landing gear. A liquid-cooled, inverted-V12 <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">aero engine</a> powered it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen19807,_13-4">[4]</a> It was called the Me 109 by Allied aircrew and some German aces, even though this was not the official German designation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229-5">[5]</a> The plane was designed by <a href="/wiki/Willy_Messerschmitt" title="Willy Messerschmitt">Willy Messerschmitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lusser" title="Robert Lusser">Robert Lusser</a>, who worked at Bayerische Flugzeugwerke during the early to mid-1930s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen19807,_13-4">[4]</a> It was conceived as an <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptor</a>. However, later models were developed to fulfill multiple tasks, serving as <a href="/wiki/Escort_fighter" title="Escort fighter">bomber escort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Day_fighter" title="Day fighter">day</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night-, all-weather fighter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ground-attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-attack aircraft">ground-attack aircraft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">aerial reconnaissance</a> aircraft. It was supplied to several states during World War II and served with several countries for many years after the war. The Bf 109 is the most produced fighter aircraft in history, with a total of 34,248 airframes produced from 1936 to April 1945.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189-3">[3]</a> Some of the Bf 109 production took place in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a> through <a href="/wiki/Slave_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave labor">slave labor</a>. The Bf 109 was flown by the three <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_aces_credited_with_100_or_more_victories" title="List of World War II aces credited with 100 or more victories">top-scoring fighter aces</a> of all time, who claimed 928 victories among them while flying with <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_52" title="Jagdgeschwader 52">Jagdgeschwader 52</a>, mainly on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>. The highest-scoring, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Hartmann" title="Erich Hartmann">Erich Hartmann</a>, was credited with 352 victories. The aircraft was also flown by <a href="/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Marseille" title="Hans-Joachim Marseille">Hans-Joachim Marseille</a>, the highest-scoring ace in the <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a>, who shot down 158 enemy aircraft (in about a third of the time). It was also flown by many aces from other countries fighting with Germany, notably the Finn <a href="/wiki/Ilmari_Juutilainen" title="Ilmari Juutilainen">Ilmari Juutilainen</a>, the highest-scoring non-German ace. He scored 58 of his 94 confirmed victories with the Bf 109. Pilots from Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovakia and Italy also flew the fighter. Through constant development, the Bf 109 remained competitive with the latest Allied fighter aircraft until the end of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199935–37-6">[6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> During 1933, the Technisches Amt (C-Amt), the technical department of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Aviation_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Aviation (Germany)">Reichsluftfahrtministerium</a> (RLM) ("Reich Aviation Ministry"), concluded a series of research projects into the future of air combat. The result of the studies was four broad outlines for future aircraft:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobelMathmann19973-7">[7]</a> <ul><li>Rüstungsflugzeug I for a multi-seat medium bomber</li> <li>Rüstungsflugzeug II for a tactical bomber</li> <li>Rüstungsflugzeug III for a single-seat fighter</li> <li>Rüstungsflugzeug IV for a two-seat heavy fighter</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Me109_clip.ogv/220px--Me109_clip.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="176" data-durationhint="118" data-mwtitle="Me109_clip.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Me109_clip.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/Me109_clip.ogv/Me109_clip.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Me109_clip.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="360" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/Me109_clip.ogv/Me109_clip.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="180" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/Me109_clip.ogv/Me109_clip.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="300" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>Bf 109 G6 in flight</figcaption></figure> Rüstungsflugzeug III was intended to be a short range interceptor, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_64" title="Arado Ar 64">Arado Ar 64</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_51" title="Heinkel He 51">Heinkel He 51</a> biplanes then in service. In late March 1933, the RLM published the tactical requirements for a single-seat fighter in the document L.A. 1432/33.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitger20066-8">[8]</a> The projected fighter needed to have a top speed of 400 km/h (250 mph) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft), to be maintained for 20 minutes, while having a total flight duration of 90 minutes. The <a href="/wiki/Critical_altitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical altitude">critical altitude</a> of 6,000 metres was to be reached in no more than 17 minutes, and the fighter was to have an operational ceiling of 10,000 m (33,000 ft).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitger20066-8">[8]</a> Power was to be provided by the new <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Jumo_210" title="Junkers Jumo 210">Junkers Jumo 210</a> engine of about 522 kW (710 PS; 700 hp). It was to be armed with either a single 20 mm MG C/30 engine-mounted cannon firing through the propeller hub as a Motorkanone, or two <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">synchronized</a>, engine cowl-mounted 7.92 mm (.312 in) <a href="/wiki/MG_17_machine_gun" title="MG 17 machine gun">MG 17 machine guns</a>, or one lightweight engine-mounted 20 mm <a href="/wiki/MG_FF_cannon" title="MG FF cannon">MG FF cannon</a> with two 7.92 mm MG 17s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobelMathmann19973-7">[7]</a> The MG C/30 was an airborne adaption of the <a href="/wiki/2_cm_FlaK_30" class="mw-redirect" title="2 cm FlaK 30">2 cm FlaK 30</a> anti-aircraft gun, which fired very powerful <a href="/wiki/20x138mmB" class="mw-redirect" title="20x138mmB">"Long Solothurn"</a> ammunition, but was very heavy and had a low rate of fire. It was also specified that the <a href="/wiki/Wing_loading" title="Wing loading">wing loading</a> should be kept below 100 kg/m2. The performance was to be evaluated based on the fighter's level speed, <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_climb" title="Rate of climb">rate of climb</a>, and maneuverability, in that order.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitger20066-8">[8]</a> It has been suggested that <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt" title="Messerschmitt">Bayerische Flugzeugwerke</a> (BFW) was originally not invited to participate in the competition due to personal animosity between Willy Messerschmitt and RLM director <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Milch" title="Erhard Milch">Erhard Milch</a>;<a href="#cite_note-10">[nb 1]</a> however, recent research by Willy Radinger and Walter Shick indicates that this may not have been the case, as all three competing companies—Arado, Heinkel and BFW—received the development contract for the L.A. 1432/33 requirements at the same time in February 1934.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitger20066-8">[8]</a> A fourth company, Focke-Wulf, received a copy of the development contract only in September 1934.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitger20066-8">[8]</a> The powerplant was to be the new Junkers Jumo 210, but the proviso was made that it would be interchangeable with the more powerful, but less developed <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz_DB_600" title="Daimler-Benz DB 600">Daimler-Benz DB 600</a> powerplant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeamanCampbell198013-11">[10]</a> Each was asked to deliver three prototypes for head-to-head testing in late 1934. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prototypes">Prototypes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prototypes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messerschmitt_Bf_109_V1_3-seiten_neu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_V1_3-seiten_neu.jpg/220px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109_V1_3-seiten_neu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_V1_3-seiten_neu.jpg/330px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109_V1_3-seiten_neu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_V1_3-seiten_neu.jpg/440px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109_V1_3-seiten_neu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6314" data-file-height="4437" /></a><figcaption>Messerschmitt Bf 109 V1</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bf109V1Zeichnung2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bf109V1Zeichnung2.jpg/220px-Bf109V1Zeichnung2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bf109V1Zeichnung2.jpg/330px-Bf109V1Zeichnung2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bf109V1Zeichnung2.jpg/440px-Bf109V1Zeichnung2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6330" data-file-height="2499" /></a><figcaption>A drawing of the V1 prototype</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messerschmidt_Bf109_Prototype_V3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Messerschmidt_Bf109_Prototype_V3.png/220px-Messerschmidt_Bf109_Prototype_V3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Messerschmidt_Bf109_Prototype_V3.png/330px-Messerschmidt_Bf109_Prototype_V3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Messerschmidt_Bf109_Prototype_V3.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>Prototype V3</figcaption></figure> Design work on Messerschmitt Project Number P.1034 began in March 1934, just three weeks after the development contract was awarded. The basic mock-up was completed by May, and a more detailed design mock-up was ready by January 1935. The RLM designated the design as type "Bf 109", the next available from a block of numbers assigned to BFW.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitger20066-8">[8]</a> The first prototype (Versuchsflugzeug 1 or V1), with civilian registration D-IABI, was completed by May 1935, but the new German engines were not yet ready. To get the "R III" designs into the air, the RLM acquired four <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Kestrel" title="Rolls-Royce Kestrel">Rolls-Royce Kestrel</a> VI engines by trading Rolls-Royce a <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel He 70">Heinkel He 70</a> Blitz for use as an engine test-bed.<a href="#cite_note-12">[nb 2]</a> Messerschmitt received two of these engines and adapted the engine mounts of V1 to take the V-12 engine upright. V1 made its maiden flight at the end of May 1935 at the airfield located in the southernmost Augsburg neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Haunstetten#Involvement_in_World_War_II" title="Augsburg-Haunstetten">Haunstetten</a>, piloted by Hans-Dietrich "Bubi" Knoetzsch. After four months of flight testing, the aircraft was delivered in September to the Luftwaffe's central test centre at the Erprobungsstelle <a href="/wiki/Rechlin-L%C3%A4rz_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechlin-Lärz Airfield">Rechlin</a> to take part in the design competition. In 1935, the first Jumo engines became available, so V2 was completed in October using the 449 kW (610 PS; 602 hp) Jumo 210A engine. V3 followed, the first to be mounted with guns, but it did not fly until May 1936 due to a delay in procuring another Jumo 210 engine. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_competition">Design competition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design competition">edit</a>]</div> After Luftwaffe acceptance trials were completed at their headquarters Erprobungsstelle (E-Stelle) military aviation test and development facility at <a href="/wiki/Rechlin-L%C3%A4rz_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechlin-Lärz Airfield">Rechlin</a>, the prototypes were moved to the subordinate E-Stelle Baltic seacoast facility at <a href="/wiki/Priwall_Peninsula" title="Priwall Peninsula">Travemünde</a> for the head-to-head portion of the competition. The aircraft participating in the trials were the <a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_80" title="Arado Ar 80">Arado Ar 80</a> V3, the <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_159" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 159">Focke-Wulf Fw 159</a> V3, the <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">Heinkel He 112</a> V4 and the Bf 109 V2. The He 112 arrived first, in early February 1936, followed by the rest of the prototypes by the end of the month. Because most fighter pilots of the Luftwaffe were used to biplanes with open <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpits</a>, low wing loading, light <a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">g-forces</a> and easy handling like the <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_51" title="Heinkel He 51">Heinkel He 51</a>, they were very critical of the Bf 109 at first. However, it soon became one of the frontrunners in the contest, as the Arado and Focke-Wulf entries, which were intended as "backup" programmes to safeguard against failure of the two favourites, proved to be completely outclassed. The Arado Ar 80, with its <a href="/wiki/Gull_wing" title="Gull wing">gull wing</a> (replaced with a straight, tapered wing on the V3) and fixed, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_fairing" title="Aircraft fairing">spatted</a> undercarriage was overweight and underpowered, and the design was abandoned after three prototypes had been built. The <a href="/wiki/Parasol_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasol wing">parasol winged</a> Fw 159, potentially inspired by the same firm's earlier <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_56" class="mw-redirect" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 56">Focke-Wulf Fw 56</a>, was always considered by the E-Stelle Travemünde facility's staff to be a compromise between a biplane and an aerodynamically more efficient, low-wing monoplane. Although it had some advanced features, it used a novel, complex retractable main undercarriage which proved to be unreliable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198018–21-13">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A,_Im_Westen,_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A%2C_Im_Westen%2C_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A%2C_Im_Westen%2C_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A%2C_Im_Westen%2C_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A%2C_Im_Westen%2C_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A%2C_Im_Westen%2C_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A%2C_Im_Westen%2C_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/JG_53" class="mw-redirect" title="JG 53">JG 53</a> Bf 109E-3, c. 1939/1940</figcaption></figure> Initially, the Bf 109 was regarded with disfavour by E-Stelle test pilots because of its steep ground angle, which resulted in poor forward visibility when taxiing; the sideways-hinged cockpit canopy, which could not be opened in flight (but could be dropped by the emergency arm). They were also concerned about the high wing loading.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198014-14">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">Heinkel He 112</a>, based on a scaled-down <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel He 70">Blitz</a>, was the favourite of the Luftwaffe leaders. Compared with the Bf 109, it was also cheaper.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaidin1968[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-15">[13]</a> Positive aspects of the He 112 included the wide track and robustness of the undercarriage (this opened outwards from mid wing, as opposed to the 109s which opened from the <a href="/wiki/Wing_root" title="Wing root">wing root</a>), considerably better visibility from the cockpit and a lower wing loading that made for easier landings. In addition, the V4 had a single-piece, clear-view, sliding cockpit canopy and a more powerful Jumo 210Da engine with a modified exhaust system. However, the He 112 was also structurally complicated, being 18% heavier than the Bf 109, and it soon became clear that the thick wing, which spanned 12.6 m (41 ft 4 in) with an area of 23.2 m2 (249.7 ft2) on the first prototype (V1), was a disadvantage for a light fighter, decreasing the aircraft's rate of roll and manoeuvrability. As a result, the He 112 V4 which was used for the trials had new wings, spanning 11.5 m (37 ft 8.75 in) with an area of 21.6 m2 (232.5 ft2). However, the improvements had not been fully tested and the He 112 V4 could not be demonstrated in accordance with the rules laid down by the Acceptance Commission, placing it at a distinct disadvantage. Because of its smaller, lighter <a href="/wiki/Airframe" title="Airframe">airframe</a>, the Bf 109 was 30 km/h (20 mph) faster than the He 112 in level flight, and superior in climbing and diving. The Commission ultimately ruled in favour of the Bf 109 because of the Messerschmitt test pilot's demonstration of the 109's capabilities during a series of spins, dives, flick rolls and tight turns, throughout which the pilot was in complete control of the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198015–17-16">[14]</a> In March, the RLM received news that the British <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a> had been ordered into production. It was felt that a quick decision was needed to get the winning design into production as soon as possible, so on 12 March, the RLM announced the results of the competition in a document entitled Bf 109 Priority Procurement, which ordered the Bf 109 into production. At the same time, Heinkel was instructed to radically redesign the He 112.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199314-17">[15]</a> The Messerschmitt 109 made its public debut during the <a href="/wiki/1936_Berlin_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="1936 Berlin Olympics">1936 Berlin Olympics</a> when the V1 prototype was flown.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993190-18">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_features">Design features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Design features">edit</a>]</div> As with the earlier Bf 108, the new design was based on Messerschmitt's "lightweight construction" principle, which aimed to minimise the number of separate parts in the aircraft. Examples of this could be found in the use of two large, complex brackets which were fitted to the firewall. These brackets incorporated the lower engine mounts and landing gear pivot point into one unit. A large forging attached to the firewall housed the main spar pick-up points and carried most of the wing loads. Contemporary design practice was usually to have these main load-bearing structures mounted on different parts of the airframe, with the loads being distributed through the structure via a series of strong-points. By concentrating the loads in the firewall, the structure of the Bf 109 could be made relatively light and uncomplicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197656–66-19">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messerschmitt_Bf109E-4-B_%E2%80%984101_-_Black_12%E2%80%99_(DG200)_(33115891765).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Messerschmitt_Bf109E-4-B_%E2%80%984101_-_Black_12%E2%80%99_%28DG200%29_%2833115891765%29.jpg/220px-Messerschmitt_Bf109E-4-B_%E2%80%984101_-_Black_12%E2%80%99_%28DG200%29_%2833115891765%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Messerschmitt_Bf109E-4-B_%E2%80%984101_-_Black_12%E2%80%99_%28DG200%29_%2833115891765%29.jpg/330px-Messerschmitt_Bf109E-4-B_%E2%80%984101_-_Black_12%E2%80%99_%28DG200%29_%2833115891765%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Messerschmitt_Bf109E-4-B_%E2%80%984101_-_Black_12%E2%80%99_%28DG200%29_%2833115891765%29.jpg/440px-Messerschmitt_Bf109E-4-B_%E2%80%984101_-_Black_12%E2%80%99_%28DG200%29_%2833115891765%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5316" data-file-height="3544" /></a><figcaption>A Bf 109E at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum_London" title="Royal Air Force Museum London">Royal Air Force Museum London</a> with its wings temporarily removed, 2016</figcaption></figure> An advantage of this design was that the main landing gear, which retracted through an 85-degree angle, was attached to the <a href="/wiki/Fuselage" title="Fuselage">fuselage</a>, making it possible to completely remove the wings for servicing without additional equipment to support the fuselage. It also allowed simplification of the wing structure, since it did not have to bear the loads imposed during takeoff or landing. The one major drawback of this landing gear arrangement was its narrow <a href="/wiki/Track_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Track (automobile)">wheel track</a>, making the aircraft unstable while on the ground. To increase stability, the legs were splayed outward somewhat, creating another problem in that the loads imposed during takeoff and landing were transferred up through the legs at an angle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197660–61-20">[18]</a> The small rudder of the Bf 109 was relatively ineffective at controlling the strong swing created by the powerful slipstream of the propeller during the early portion of the takeoff roll, and this sideways drift created disproportionate loads on the wheel opposite to the swing. If the forces imposed were large enough, the pivot point broke and the landing gear leg would collapse outward into its bay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197660–61-20">[18]</a> Experienced pilots reported that the swing was easy to control, but some of the less-experienced pilots lost fighters on takeoff.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValtonen1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-21">[19]</a> Because of the large ground angle caused by the long legs, forward visibility while on the ground was very poor, a problem exacerbated by the sideways-opening canopy. This meant that pilots had to taxi in a sinuous fashion which also imposed stresses on the splayed undercarriage legs. Ground accidents were a problem with inexperienced pilots, especially during the later stages of the war when pilots received less training before being sent to operational units.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValtonen1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-21">[19]</a> At least 10% of all Bf 109s were lost in takeoff and landing accidents, 1,500 of which occurred between 1939 and 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyne199430-22">[20]</a> The installation of a fixed "tall" tailwheel on some of the late G-10s and −14s and the K-series helped alleviate the problem to a large extent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199936-23">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-005-05,_Fl%C3%BCgel_einer_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-005-05%2C_Fl%C3%BCgel_einer_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-005-05%2C_Fl%C3%BCgel_einer_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-005-05%2C_Fl%C3%BCgel_einer_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-005-05%2C_Fl%C3%BCgel_einer_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-005-05%2C_Fl%C3%BCgel_einer_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1980-005-05%2C_Fl%C3%BCgel_einer_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>Freely moving, automatic <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slats">leading edge slats</a> on a Bf 109E. By using high-lift devices, the handling qualities of the Bf 109 were considerably enhanced.</figcaption></figure> From the inception of the design, priority was given to easy access to the powerplant, fuselage weapons and other systems while the aircraft was operating from <a href="/wiki/Forward_airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward airfield">forward airfields</a>. To this end, the entire engine <a href="/wiki/Cowling" title="Cowling">cowling</a> was made up of large, easily removable panels which were secured by large toggle latches. A large panel under the wing centre section could be removed to gain access to the L-shaped main <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">fuel tank</a>, which was sited partly under the cockpit floor and partly behind the rear cockpit bulkhead. Other, smaller panels gave easy access to the cooling system and electrical equipment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197660–61-20">[18]</a> The engine was held in two large, forged, <a href="/wiki/Elektron_(alloy)" title="Elektron (alloy)">Elektron</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloy</a> Y-shaped legs, one per side straddling the engine block, which were <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilevered</a> from the firewall. Each of the legs was secured by two quick-release screw fittings on the firewall. All of the main pipe connections were colour-coded and grouped in one place, where possible, and electrical equipment plugged into junction boxes mounted on the firewall. The entire powerplant could be removed or replaced as a unit in a matter of minutes,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197660–61-20">[18]</a> a potential step to the eventual adoption of the unitized-powerplant <a href="/wiki/Kraftei" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraftei">Kraftei</a> engine mounting concept used by many German combat aircraft designs, later in the war years. Another example of the Bf 109's advanced design was the use of a single, I-beam main <a href="/wiki/Spar_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (aviation)">spar</a> in the wing, positioned more aft than usual (to give enough room for the retracted wheel), thus forming a stiff D-shaped torsion box. Most aircraft of the era used two spars, near the front and rear edges of the wings, but the D-box was much stiffer <a href="/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)" title="Torsion (mechanics)">torsionally</a>, and eliminated the need for the rear spar. The wing profile was the NACA 2R1 14.2 at the root and NACA 2R1 11.35 at the tip,<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> with a thickness to <a href="/wiki/Chord_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chord (aircraft)">chord</a> ratio of 14.2% at the root and 11.35% at the tip. Another major difference from competing designs was the higher wing-loading. While the R-IV contract called for a wing-loading of less than 100 kg/m2, Messerschmitt felt this was unreasonable. With a low wing-loading and the engines available, a fighter would end up being slower than the bombers it was tasked with catching.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A fighter was designed primarily for high-speed flight. A smaller wing area was optimal for achieving high speed, but low-speed flight would suffer, as the smaller wing would require more airflow to generate enough lift to maintain flight. To compensate for this, the Bf 109 included advanced <a href="/wiki/High-lift_device" title="High-lift device">high-lift devices</a> on the wings, including automatically opening <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slats">leading edge slats</a>, and fairly large camber-changing <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap (aircraft)">flaps</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Trailing_edge" title="Trailing edge">trailing edge</a>. The slats increased the lift of the wing considerably when deployed, greatly improving the horizontal maneuverability of the aircraft, as several Luftwaffe veterans, such as Erwin Leykauf, attest.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> Messerschmitt also included ailerons that "drooped" when the flaps were lowered (F series and later the lower radiator flap operated as part of the flap system), thereby increasing the effective flap area. When deployed, these devices effectively increased the wings' coefficient of lift. Fighters with liquid-cooled engines were vulnerable to hits in the cooling system. For this reason, on later Bf 109 F, G and K models, the two coolant radiators were equipped with a cut-off system. If one radiator leaked, it was possible to fly on the second or to fly for at least five minutes with both closed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMesserschmitt_Bf_109G2006117–118-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995169-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMesserschmitt_Bf_109K2006Rumpfwerk,_Baugruppe_209.728-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrabkin200774-30">[28]</a> In 1943, Oberfeldwebel <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ro%C3%9Fmann" title="Edmund Roßmann">Edmund Roßmann</a> got lost and landed behind Soviet lines. He agreed to show the Soviets how to service the plane. Soviet machine gun technician Viktor M. Sinaisky recalled: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The Messer was a very well designed plane. First, it had an engine of an inverted type, so it could not be knocked out from below. It also had two water radiators with a cut-off system: if one radiator leaked you could fly on the second or close both down and fly at least five minutes more. The pilot was protected by armour-plate from the back, and the fuel tank was also behind armour. Our planes had fuel tanks in the centre of their wings: that's why our pilot got burnt. What else did I like about the Messer? It was highly automatic and thus easy to fly. It also employed an electrical pitch regulator, which our planes didn't have. Our propeller system, with variable pitch was hydraulic, making it impossible to change pitch without engine running. If, God forbid, you turned off the engine at high pitch, it was impossible to turn the propeller and was very hard to start the engine again. Finally, the German ammo counter was also a great thing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrabkin200774-30">[28]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament_and_gondola_cannons">Armament and gondola cannons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Armament and gondola cannons">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messerschmitt_Bf_109E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Messerschmitt_Bf_109E.jpg/220px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Messerschmitt_Bf_109E.jpg/330px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Messerschmitt_Bf_109E.jpg/440px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>A Bf 109E-3 of JG 51 'Mölders' showing the 20 mm <a href="/wiki/MG_FF_cannon" title="MG FF cannon">MG FF</a> installations in the wing.</figcaption></figure> Reflecting Messerschmitt's belief in low-weight, low-drag, simple monoplanes, the armament was placed in the fuselage. This kept the wings very thin and light. Two <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">synchronized</a> machine guns were mounted in the cowling, firing over the top of the engine and through the propeller arc. An alternative arrangement was also designed, consisting of a single <a href="/wiki/Autocannon" title="Autocannon">autocannon</a> firing through a blast tube between the cylinder banks of the engine, known as a Motorkanone mount in German.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobelMathmann19973-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[nb 3]</a> This was also the choice of armament layout on some contemporary monoplane fighters, such as the French <a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.520" title="Dewoitine D.520">Dewoitine D.520</a>, or the American <a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobra</a>, and dated back to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>'s small run of <a href="/wiki/SPAD_S.XII" title="SPAD S.XII">SPAD S.XII</a> moteur-canon, 37 mm cannon-armed fighters in France. When it was discovered in 1937 that the RAF was planning eight-gun batteries for its new <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a> fighters, it was decided that the Bf 109 should be more heavily armed. The problem was that the only place available to mount additional guns was in the wings. Only one spot was available in each wing, between the wheel well and slats, with room for only one gun, either a 7.92 mm <a href="/wiki/MG_17_machine_gun" title="MG 17 machine gun">MG 17 machine gun</a>, a <a href="/wiki/MG_FF_cannon" title="MG FF cannon">20 mm MG FF</a> or a <a href="/wiki/MG_FF_cannon" title="MG FF cannon">20 mm MG FF/M</a> cannon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197615-33">[30]</a> The first version of the Bf 109 to have wing guns was the C-1, which had one MG 17 in each wing. To avoid redesigning the wing to accommodate large ammunition boxes and access hatches, an unusual ammunition feed was devised whereby a continuous belt holding 500 rounds was fed along chutes out to the wing tip, around a roller, and then back along the wing, forward and beneath the gun breech, to the wing root, where it coursed around another roller and back to the weapon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197615-33">[30]</a> The gun barrel was placed in a long, large-diameter tube located between the spar and the leading edge. The tube channeled cooling air around the barrel and breech, exhausting from a slot at the rear of the wing. The installation was so cramped that parts of the MG 17's breech mechanism extended into an opening created in the flap structure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197615-33">[30]</a> The much longer and heavier MG FF had to be mounted farther along the wing in an outer bay. A large hole was cut through the spar allowing the cannon to be fitted with the ammunition feed forward of the spar, while the breech block projected rearward through the spar. A 60-round ammunition drum was placed in a space closer to the wing root causing a bulge in the underside. A small hatch was incorporated in the bulge to allow access for changing the drum. The entire weapon could be removed for servicing by removing a leading edge panel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197615-33">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-487-3066-04,_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-487-3066-04%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-487-3066-04%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-487-3066-04%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-487-3066-04%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-487-3066-04%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-487-3066-04%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Luftwaffe ground-crew positioning a Bf 109G-6 equipped with the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCstsatz" title="Rüstsatz">Rüstsatz</a> VI underwing gondola cannon kit. Note the slat on the leading edge of the port wing. <a href="/wiki/JG_2" class="mw-redirect" title="JG 2">JG 2</a>, France, late 1943.</figcaption></figure> From the 109F-series onwards, guns were no longer carried inside the wings. Instead, the Bf 109F had a 20 mm gun firing through the propeller shaft. The change was disliked by leading fighter pilots such as <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Galland" title="Adolf Galland">Adolf Galland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Oesau" title="Walter Oesau">Walter Oesau</a>, but others such as <a href="/wiki/Werner_M%C3%B6lders" title="Werner Mölders">Werner Mölders</a> considered the single nose-mounted gun to compensate well for the loss of the two wing guns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeighton1977281-34">[31]</a> Galland had his Bf 109F-2 field-modified with a 20 mm MG FF/M autocannon, the "/M" suffix indicating the capability of firing thin-walled 20mm <a href="/wiki/Mine_shell" title="Mine shell">mine shells</a>, installed internally in each wing.<a href="#cite_note-35">[nb 4]</a> In place of internal wing armament, additional firepower was provided through a pair of 20 mm <a href="/wiki/MG_151_cannon" title="MG 151 cannon">MG 151/20 cannons</a> installed in conformal <a href="/wiki/Gun_pod" title="Gun pod">gun pods</a> under the wings. The conformal gun pods, exclusive of ammunition, weighed 135 kg (298 lb);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199921-36">[32]</a> and 135 to 145 rounds were provided per gun. The total weight, including ammunition, was 215 kg.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199921-36">[32]</a> Installation of the under-wing gun pods was a simple task that could be quickly performed by the unit's armourers, and the gun pods imposed a reduction of speed of only 8 km/h (5.0 mph).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199921-36">[32]</a> By comparison, the installed weight of a similar armament of two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon inside the wings of the Fw 190A-4/U8 was 130 kg (287 lb), without ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahn196335-37">[33]</a> Although the additional armament increased the fighter's potency as a bomber destroyer, it had an adverse effect on the handling qualities, reducing its performance in fighter-versus-fighter combat and accentuating the tendency of the fighter to swing pendulum-fashion in flight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeighton1977281-34">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198088-38">[34]</a> Some of the projected 109K-series models, such as the K-6, were designed to carry 30 mm (1.18 in) <a href="/wiki/MK_108_cannon" title="MK 108 cannon">MK 108 cannons</a> in the wings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995177-39">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Designation_and_nicknames">Designation and nicknames</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Designation and nicknames">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/RLM_aircraft_designation_system#Name_changes_and_new_constructors" title="RLM aircraft designation system">RLM aircraft designation system</a></div> Originally the aircraft was designated as Bf 109 by the RLM, since the design was submitted by the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt" title="Messerschmitt">Bayerische Flugzeugwerke</a> (literally "Bavarian Aircraft Works", meaning "Bavarian Aircraft Factory"; sometimes abbreviated B.F.W.,<a href="#cite_note-Flight_Oct_5,_1939-40">[36]</a> akin to <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>) during 1935. The company was renamed <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Messerschmitt AG">Messerschmitt AG</a> after <a href="/wiki/1938_in_aviation#July" title="1938 in aviation">11 July 1938</a> when <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Milch" title="Erhard Milch">Erhard Milch</a> finally allowed Willy Messerschmitt to acquire the company. All Messerschmitt aircraft that originated after that date, such as the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_210" title="Messerschmitt Me 210">Me 210</a>, were to carry the "Me" designation. Despite regulations by the RLM, wartime documents from Messerschmitt AG, RLM and Luftwaffe loss and strength reports continued to use both designations, sometimes even on the same page.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> All extant airframes bear <a href="/wiki/RLM_aircraft_designation_system#Name_changes_and_new_constructors" title="RLM aircraft designation system">the official</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229-5">[5]</a> "Bf 109" designation on their identification plates, including the final K-4 models.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995167–176-42">[38]</a> The aircraft was often referred to by the folk-designation, 'Me 109', particularly by the Allies. The aircraft was often nicknamed Messer by its operators and opponents alike; the name was not only an abbreviation of the manufacturer but also the German word for "knife". In Finland, the Bf 109 was known as Mersu, although this was originally (and still is) the Finnish nickname for <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> cars. Soviet aviators nicknamed the Bf 109 "the skinny one" (худо́й, khudoy), for its sleek appearance compared, for example, to the more robust Fw 190. The names "Anton", "Berta", "Caesar", "Dora", "Emil", "Friedrich", "Gustav", and "Kurfürst" were derived from the variant's official letter designation (e.g. Bf 109G – "Gustav"), based on the <a href="/wiki/German_spelling_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="German spelling alphabet">German spelling alphabet</a> of World War II, a practice that was also used for other German aircraft designs.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> The G-6 variant was nicknamed by Luftwaffe personnel as Die Beule ("the bump/bulge") because of the cowling's characteristic, bulging covers for the breeches of the 13 mm (.51 in) <a href="/wiki/MG_131_machine_gun" title="MG 131 machine gun">MG 131 machine guns</a>, with the separate Beule covers eliminated by the time of the G-10 model's introduction of a subtly reshaped upper cowling. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record-setting_flights">Record-setting flights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Record-setting flights">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bf109g10.ogv/220px--Bf109g10.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="165" data-mwtitle="Bf109g10.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bf109g10.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Bf109g10.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Bf109g10.ogv/Bf109g10.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Bf109g10.ogv/Bf109g10.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Bf109g10.ogv/Bf109g10.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>Bf 109G-10 (Messerschmitt foundation) flight demonstration</figcaption></figure> In July 1937, not long after the public debut of the new fighter, three Bf 109Bs took part in the Flugmeeting airshow in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> under the command of Major Seidemann. They won in several categories: First prize in a speed race over a 202 km course, first prize in the class A category in the international Alpenrundflug for military aircraft, and victory in the international Patrouillenflug category.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993190-18">[16]</a> On 11 November 1937, the Bf 109 V13, D-IPKY flown by Messerschmitt's chief pilot Dr. Hermann Wurster, powered by a 1,230 kW (1,672 PS; 1,649 hp) DB 601R racing engine, set a new world air speed record for landplanes with piston engines of 610.95 km/h (379.63 mph), winning the title for Germany for the first time. Converted from a Bf 109D, the V13 had been fitted with a special racing DB 601R engine that could deliver 1,230 kW (1,672 PS; 1,649 hp) for short periods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbertKaiserPeters1992137-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993193-45">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[nb 5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinkel" title="Heinkel">Heinkel</a>, having had the He 112 rejected in the design competition of 1936, designed and built the <a href="/wiki/He_100" class="mw-redirect" title="He 100">He 100</a>. On 6 June 1938, the He 100 V3, flown by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet">Ernst Udet</a>, captured the record with a speed of 634.7 km/h (394.4 mph). On 30 March 1939, test pilot Hans Dieterle surpassed that record, reaching 746.61 km/h (463.92 mph) with the He 100 V8. Messerschmitt, however, soon regained the lead when, on 26 April 1939, Flugkapitän <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Wendel" title="Fritz Wendel">Fritz Wendel</a>, flying the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209" title="Messerschmitt Me 209">Me 209 V1</a>, set a new record of 755.14 km/h (469.22 mph). For propaganda purposes, the Me 209 V1 aircraft (possibly from its post-July 1938 first flight date) was given the designation Me 109R, with <a href="/wiki/RLM_aircraft_designation_system#Name_changes_and_new_constructors" title="RLM aircraft designation system">the later prefix</a>, never used for wartime Bf 109 fighters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229-5">[5]</a> The Me 209 V1 was powered by the DB 601ARJ, producing 1,156 kW (1,550 hp), but capable of reaching 1,715 kW (2,300 hp). This world record for a piston-engined aircraft was to stand until 1969,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199322-47">[42]</a> when <a href="/wiki/Darryl_Greenamyer" title="Darryl Greenamyer">Darryl Greenamyer</a>'s modified <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">Grumman F8F Bearcat</a>, Conquest I, broke it with a 777 km/h (483 mph) record speed.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bf_109E-3_in_flight_(1940).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bf_109E-3_in_flight_%281940%29.jpg/220px-Bf_109E-3_in_flight_%281940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bf_109E-3_in_flight_%281940%29.jpg/330px-Bf_109E-3_in_flight_%281940%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bf_109E-3_in_flight_%281940%29.jpg/440px-Bf_109E-3_in_flight_%281940%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Bf 109E-3 in flight, 1940</figcaption></figure> When the Bf 109 was designed in 1934, by a team led by <a href="/wiki/Willy_Messerschmitt" title="Willy Messerschmitt">Willy Messerschmitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lusser" title="Robert Lusser">Robert Lusser</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen19807-49">[44]</a> its primary role was that of a high-speed, short-range interceptor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough19767–8-50">[45]</a> It used the most advanced aerodynamics of the time and embodied advanced structural design which was ahead of its contemporaries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen19808-51">[46]</a> In the early years of the war, the Bf 109 was the only single-engined fighter operated by the Luftwaffe, until the appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Fw 190</a>. The Bf 109 remained in production from 1937 through 1945 in many different variants and sub-variants. The primary engines used were the Daimler-Benz <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz_DB_601" title="Daimler-Benz DB 601">DB 601</a> and <a href="/wiki/DB_605" class="mw-redirect" title="DB 605">DB 605</a>, though the Junkers <a href="/wiki/Jumo_210" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumo 210">Jumo 210</a> powered most of the pre-war variants. The most-produced Bf 109 model was the Bf 109G series (more than a third of all 109s built were the G-6 series, 12,000 units being manufactured from March 1943 until the end of the war).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike199599–100,_113–114-52">[47]</a> The initial production models of the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Bf_109_A/B/C/D" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">A, B, C and D series</a> were powered by the relatively low-powered, 670–700 PS (493–515 kW; 661–690 hp) Junkers <a href="/wiki/Jumo_210" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumo 210">Jumo 210</a> series engines. A few prototypes of these early aircraft were converted to use the more powerful DB 600.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198029–34,_41-53">[48]</a> The first redesign came with the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Bf_109E" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">E series</a>, including the naval variant, the Bf 109T (T standing for Träger, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">carrier</a>). The Bf 109E (Emil) introduced structural changes to accommodate the heavier and more powerful 1,100 PS (809 kW; 1,085 hp) <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz_DB_601" title="Daimler-Benz DB 601">Daimler-Benz DB 601</a> engine, heavier armament and increased fuel capacity. Partly due to its limited 300 kilometres (190 miles) combat radius on internal fuel alone, resulting from its 660 km (410 mi) range limit, later variants of the E series had a <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_of_the_Battle_of_Britain#German_fighter_fuel_capacity" title="Aircraft of the Battle of Britain">fuselage ordnance rack</a> for fighter-bomber operations or provision for a long-range, standardized 300 litres (79 US gallons) drop-tank and used the DB 601N engine of higher power output.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198041–45,_63–64,_76–81,_82–83-54">[49]</a> The Bf 109E first saw service with the "<a href="/wiki/Condor_Legion" title="Condor Legion">Condor Legion</a>" during the last phase of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and was the main variant from the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> until mid-1941 when the Bf 109F replaced it in the pure fighter role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198038–39,_80-55">[50]</a> (Eight Bf 109Es were assembled in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> in 1946 by the Dornier-Werke, using licence-built airframes; a ninth airframe was assembled using spare parts.)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198078-56">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bf_109_F4_9_JG3_5582.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bf_109_F4_9_JG3_5582.JPG/220px-Bf_109_F4_9_JG3_5582.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bf_109_F4_9_JG3_5582.JPG/330px-Bf_109_F4_9_JG3_5582.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bf_109_F4_9_JG3_5582.JPG/440px-Bf_109_F4_9_JG3_5582.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3044" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>Bf 109F-4 of <a href="/wiki/JG_3" class="mw-redirect" title="JG 3">JG 3</a> near <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>, France</figcaption></figure> The second big redesign during 1939–40 gave birth to the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Bf_109F" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">F series</a>. The Friedrich had new wings, cooling system and fuselage aerodynamics, with the 1,175 PS (864 kW; 1,159 hp) DB 601N (F-1, F-2) or the 1,350 PS (993 kW; 1,332 hp) DB 601E (F-3, F-4). Considered by many as the high-water mark of Bf 109 development, the F series abandoned the wing cannon and concentrated all armament in the forward fuselage with a pair of synchronized machine guns above and a single 15 or 20 mm Motorkanone-mount cannon behind the engine, the latter firing between the cylinder banks and through the propeller hub, itself covered by a more streamlined, half-elliptical shaped spinner that better matched the streamlining of the reshaped cowling, abandoning the smaller, conical spinner of the Emil subtype. The F-type also omitted the earlier stabilizer <a href="/wiki/Lift_strut" class="mw-redirect" title="Lift strut">lift strut</a> on either side of the tail. The improved aerodynamics were used by all later variants. Some Bf 109Fs were used late in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> in 1940 but the variant came into common use only in the first half of 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike19959–25-57">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bf_109G-10_cockpit_070703-F-1234S-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bf_109G-10_cockpit_070703-F-1234S-001.jpg/220px-Bf_109G-10_cockpit_070703-F-1234S-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bf_109G-10_cockpit_070703-F-1234S-001.jpg/330px-Bf_109G-10_cockpit_070703-F-1234S-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bf_109G-10_cockpit_070703-F-1234S-001.jpg/440px-Bf_109G-10_cockpit_070703-F-1234S-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1211" /></a><figcaption>Bf 109 Gustav cockpit</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Bf_109G" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">G series</a>, or Gustav, was introduced in mid-1942. Its initial variants (G-1 through G-4) differed only in minor details from the Bf 109F, most notably in the more powerful 1,475 PS (1,085 kW; 1,455 hp) <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz_DB_605" title="Daimler-Benz DB 605">DB 605</a> engine. Odd-numbered variants were built as high-altitude fighters with a pressurized cockpit and <a href="/wiki/GM-1" title="GM-1">GM-1</a> boost, while even-numbered variants were un-pressurized, air superiority fighters and fighter-bombers. Long-range <a href="/wiki/Photo-reconnaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo-reconnaissance">photo-reconnaissance</a> variants also existed. The later G series (G-5 through G-14) was produced in a multitude of variants, with uprated armament and provision for kits of packaged, generally factory-installed parts known as Umrüst-Bausätze ("conversion kits", usually contracted to Umbau) and adding a "/U" suffix to the aircraft designation when installed. Field kits known as <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCstsatz" title="Rüstsatz">Rüstsätze</a> were also available for the G-series but those did not change the aircraft title. By early 1944, tactical requirements resulted in the addition of <a href="/wiki/MW-50" class="mw-redirect" title="MW-50">MW-50</a> water injection boost and high-performance <a href="/wiki/Superchargers" class="mw-redirect" title="Superchargers">superchargers</a>, boosting engine output to 1,800–2,000 PS (1,324–1,471 kW; 1,775–1,973 hp). From early 1944, some G-2s, G-3s, G-4s and G-6s were converted to two-seat trainers, known as G-12s. An instructor's cockpit was added behind the original cockpit and both were covered by an elongated, glazed canopy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike199556–165-58">[53]</a> The final production version of the Bf 109 was the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Bf_109K" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">K series</a> or Kurfürst, introduced in late 1944, powered by the DB 605D engine with up to 2,000 PS (1,471 kW; 1,973 hp). Though externally akin to the late production Bf 109G series, a large number of internal changes and aerodynamic improvements were incorporated that improved its effectiveness and remedied flaws, keeping it competitive with the latest Allied and Soviet fighters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199935–37-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995166–174-59">[54]</a> The Bf 109's outstanding rate of climb was superior to many Allied adversaries including the P-51D Mustang, Spitfire Mk. XIV and Hawker Tempest Mk. V.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolf2009763-60">[55]</a> After the war, the 109 was built in <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, as the Avia S-99 and <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199</a> (with twenty-five S-199s serving with <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Israeli_Air_Force#Early_years_(1948–1967)" title="History of the Israeli Air Force">Israel</a> in 1948) and in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> as the Hispano Aviación Ha 1109 and <a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviacion_Ha_1112" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano Aviacion Ha 1112">Ha 1112</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen1980131–138-61">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06,_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06%2C_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06%2C_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06%2C_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06%2C_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06%2C_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06%2C_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>Assembly of Bf 109G-6s in a German aircraft factory.</figcaption></figure> Total Bf 109 production was 33,984 units;<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-1">[1]</a> wartime production (September 1939 to May 1945) was 30,573 units. Fighter production totalled 47% of all German aircraft production, and the Bf 109 accounted for 57% of all German fighter types produced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199345-62">[57]</a> A total of 2,193 Bf 109 A–E was built prewar, from 1936 to August 1939.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In January 1943, as part of an effort to increase fighter production, Messerschmitt licensed an SS-owned company, <a href="/wiki/DEST" class="mw-redirect" title="DEST">DEST</a>, to manufacture Bf 109 parts at <a href="/wiki/Flossenb%C3%BCrg_concentration_camp" title="Flossenbürg concentration camp">Flossenbürg concentration camp</a>. Messerschmitt provided skilled technicians, raw materials, and tools and the SS provided prisoners, in a deal that proved highly profitable for both parties. Production at Flossenbürg started in February.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUziel2011180-63">[58]</a> The number of prisoners working for Messerschmitt increased greatly after the <a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt%E2%80%93Regensburg_mission" title="Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission">bombing of Messerschmitt's Regensburg plant</a> on 17 August 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUziel201156,_180-64">[59]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erla_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erla (company) (page does not exist)">Erla</a>, a subcontractor of Messerschmitt, established Flossenbürg <a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Flossenb%C3%BCrg" title="List of subcamps of Flossenbürg">subcamps</a> to support its production: a subcamp at <a href="/wiki/Johanngeorgenstadt" title="Johanngeorgenstadt">Johanngeorgenstadt</a>, established in December 1943, to produce <a href="/wiki/Tailplane" title="Tailplane">tailplanes</a> for the Bf 109, and another subcamp at <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClsen" title="Mülsen">Mülsen-St. Micheln</a> which produced Bf 109 wings, in January 1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUziel2011182-65">[60]</a> The Flossenbürg camp system had become a key supplier of Bf 109 parts by February 1944, when Messerschmitt's Regensburg plant was bombed again during "<a href="/wiki/Big_Week" title="Big Week">Big Week</a>". Increased production at Flossenbürg was essential to restoring production in the aftermath of the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUziel2011182-65">[60]</a> The Austrian resistance group, led by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Maier" title="Heinrich Maier">Heinrich Maier</a>, very successfully passed on plans and production facilities in the Austrian area for Messerschmitt Bf 109 to the Allies from 1943. With the location of the production sites, the Allied bombers were able to attempt "<a href="/wiki/Surgical_strike" title="Surgical strike">precise</a>" air strikes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoeckl-KlamperMangNeugebauer2018299–305-66">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchafranek2017161–248-67">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroucek2008163-68">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStehle1996-69">[64]</a> After the August 1943 Regensburg raid, some Bf 109 production was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Gusen_concentration_camp" title="Gusen concentration camp">Gusen concentration camp</a> in Austria,<a href="#cite_note-gusen-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartropDickerman2017427-71">[66]</a> where the average prisoner's life expectancy was six months.<a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a> In order to make the new production facilities bomb-proof, other prisoners were forced to build tunnels so that production could be relocated underground. Many died while performing this hazardous duty.<a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a> By mid-1944, more than a third of the production at the Regensburg factory originated in Flossenbürg and Gusen alone; only the final assembly was done in Regensburg.<a href="#cite_note-gusen-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUziel2011182-65">[60]</a> Separately, Erla employed thousands of concentration camp prisoners at Buchenwald on 109 production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVajdaDancey1998118-74">[69]</a> Forced labor at <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchenwald">Buchenwald</a> produced approximately 300 Bf 109 fuselages, tail sections, and wings before the end of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVajdaDancey1998118-74">[69]</a> Some 865 Bf 109G derivatives were manufactured postwar under licence as Czechoslovak-built Avia S-99 and S-199s, with the production ending in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189-3">[3]</a> Production of the Spanish-built <a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">Hispano Aviación HA-1109 and HA-1112 Buchons</a> ended in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189-3">[3]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>New-production Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters, 1936–45.<a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Factory, location</th> <th>Up to 1939</th> <th>1939</th> <th>1940</th> <th>1941</th> <th>1942</th> <th>1943</th> <th>1944</th> <th>1945*</th> <th>Totals* </th></tr> <tr> <td>Messerschmitt GmbH, <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>203</td> <td>486</td> <td>2,164</td> <td>6,329</td> <td>1,241</td> <td>10,423 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arado_Flugzeugwerke" title="Arado Flugzeugwerke">Arado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warnem%C3%BCnde" title="Warnemünde">Warnemünde</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>370</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>370 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Erla Maschinenwerk, <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>683</td> <td>875</td> <td>2,015</td> <td>4,472</td> <td>1,018</td> <td>9,063 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fieseler" title="Fieseler">Gerhard-Fieseler-Werke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>155</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>155 </td></tr> <tr> <td>W.N.F., <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt" title="Wiener Neustadt">Wiener Neustadt</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>836</td> <td>1,297</td> <td>2,200</td> <td>3,081</td> <td>541</td> <td>7,955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Győri Vagon- és Gépgyár, <a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>220</td> <td>399<a href="#cite_note-76">[nb 6]</a></td> <td>10</td> <td>633 <a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AGO_Flugzeugwerke" title="AGO Flugzeugwerke">AGO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oschersleben" title="Oschersleben">Oschersleben</a> (switched to <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190#Production" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Fw 190A production</a>)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>381</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>381 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Totals</th> <th>1,860</th> <th>1,540</th> <th>1,868</th> <th>2,628</th> <th>2,662</th> <th>6,609</th> <th>14,281</th> <th>2,800</th> <th>34,248 </th></tr></tbody></table> * Production up to end of March 1945 only. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Variant&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-78">[72]</a></th> <th>Number</th> <th>Years produced </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109A</td> <td>22</td> <td>1937 - 1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109B</td> <td>341</td> <td>1937 - 1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109C</td> <td>58</td> <td>1938 spring - 1938 late </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109D</td> <td>647</td> <td>1938 - 1939 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109E-1</td> <td>1,183</td> <td>1938 late - 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109E-3</td> <td>1,276</td> <td>1939 - 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109E-4</td> <td>561</td> <td>1939 - 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109E-5</td> <td>19</td> <td>1939 - 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109E-7</td> <td>438</td> <td>1940 August - 1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109F-1</td> <td>208</td> <td>1940 July - 1941 January </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109F-2</td> <td>1,384</td> <td>1940 October - 1941 August </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109F-3</td> <td>15</td> <td>1940 October - 1941 January </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109F-4</td> <td>1,841</td> <td>1941 May - 1942 May </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109F-5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1940 October </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-1</td> <td>167</td> <td>1942 February - June </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-2</td> <td>1,587</td> <td>1942 May - 1943 February </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-3</td> <td>50</td> <td>1943 January </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-4</td> <td>1,246</td> <td>1942 September - 1943 May </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-5</td> <td>475</td> <td>1943 February - 1944 June </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-5/AS</td> <td>16 converted</td> <td>1944 April - 1944 June </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-6</td> <td>~5000+</td> <td>1943 February-1943 August - October </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-6 with Erla Hood</td> <td>~2000+</td> <td>1943 August - Sept - 1944 March </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-6 with Erla Hood, larger tail, and MW-50</td> <td>~5,000+</td> <td>1944 January - 1944 Sept <a href="#cite_note-79">[nb 7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-6/AS with MW-50</td> <td>226 produced + 460 converted</td> <td>1944 April - 1944 August <a href="#cite_note-80">[nb 8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-8</td> <td>906</td> <td>1943 August-1945 February </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-10</td> <td>2,600+<a href="#cite_note-83">[nb 9]</a></td> <td>1944 September - 1945 March <a href="#cite_note-84">[nb 10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-10/AS</td> <td>100<a href="#cite_note-86">[nb 11]</a></td> <td>1944 September - 1944 November <a href="#cite_note-87">[nb 12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-12</td> <td>500 planned<a href="#cite_note-88">[nb 13]</a>/converted</td> <td>1943 December - 1944 July </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-14</td> <td>5,500+</td> <td>1944 July - 1945 February </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109G-14/AS</td> <td>~1,373+</td> <td>1944 July<a href="#cite_note-89">[76]</a> - 1945 March </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109K-4</td> <td>1,700+</td> <td>1944 August - 1945 March <a href="#cite_note-90">[nb 14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bf 109K-6</td> <td>1 prototype</td> <td>1944 Autumn </td></tr> <tr> <th>Totals</th> <th>36,901 with conversions</th> <th>- </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_operational_history" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history">Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings.jpg/220px-Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings.jpg/330px-Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings.jpg/440px-Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Bf 109A from the <a href="/wiki/Condor_Legion" title="Condor Legion">Condor Legion</a> during <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936–1939)</figcaption></figure> The first Bf 109As served in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. By September 1939, the Bf 109 had become the main fighter of the Luftwaffe, replacing the biplane fighters, and was instrumental in gaining air superiority for the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> during the early stages of the war. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>, it was pressed into the role of escort fighter, a role for which it was not originally designed, and it was widely employed as a <a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Photo-reconnaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo-reconnaissance">photo-reconnaissance</a> platform. Despite mixed results over Britain, with the introduction of the improved Bf 109F in early 1941, the type again proved to be an effective fighter during the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a> (where it was used by both sides), the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> (the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Siege of Malta</a>. In 1942, it began to be partially replaced in Western Europe by a new German fighter, the <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a>, but it continued to serve in a multitude of roles on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense of the Reich">Defense of the Reich</a>, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Theatre_of_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Theatre of Operations">Mediterranean Theatre of Operations</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Afrikakorps" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikakorps">Afrikakorps</a>. It was also supplied to several of Germany's allies, including Italy, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia and Slovakia. More aerial kills were made with the Bf 109 than any other aircraft of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199350-91">[77]</a> Many of the aerial victories were accomplished against poorly trained and badly organized Soviet forces in 1941 during Barbarossa. The Soviets lost 21,200 aircraft, about half to combat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergström2007117-92">[78]</a> If shot down, the Luftwaffe pilots might land or parachute to friendly territory and return to fight again. Later in the war, when Allied victories began to bring the fight closer, and then in German territory, bombing raids supplied plenty of targets for the Luftwaffe. This unique combination of events — until <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle#Escort_fighter_tactics" title="Jimmy Doolittle">American long-range fighters</a> appeared very early in 1944, that steadily gave the Allies daylight <a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">air supremacy</a> over the Reich — led to the highest-ever individual pilot victory scores.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToliverConstable1965235–236-93">[79]</a> One hundred and five Bf 109 pilots were each credited with the destruction of 100 or more enemy aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-94">[nb 15]</a> Thirteen of these men scored more than 200 kills, while two scored more than 300. Altogether, this group of pilots was credited with a total of nearly 15,000 kills.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199350-91">[77]</a> Though no official <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">"ace"</a> status existed in the Luftwaffe - the term Experte (expert) was used for an experienced pilot irrespective of his number of kills - using the Allied definition of pilots who scored five or more kills, more than 2,500 Luftwaffe fighter pilots were considered aces in World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199351-95">[80]</a> Against the Soviets, Finnish-flown Bf 109Gs claimed a victory ratio of 25:1.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeulen2000217-96">[81]</a> Bf 109s remained in foreign service for many years after the war. The Bf109 was the first aircraft deployed at the beginning of the Israeli Air Force. The Swiss used their Bf 109Gs well into the 1950s. The Finnish Air Force did not retire their Bf 109Gs until March 1954. Romania used its Bf 109s until 1955. The Spanish Hispanos flew even longer, some still in service in the late 1960s. They appeared in films (notably <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_(film)" title="Battle of Britain (film)">Battle of Britain</a>) playing the role of Bf 109Es; some Hispano airframes were sold to museums, which rebuilt them as Bf 109s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</div> Note, this list includes operators who used Bf 109s for active service or combat. It does not include France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, which all operated small numbers of captured aircraft for testing and evaluation (see: <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_operational_history#Allied_Bf_109s" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history">Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history#Allied Bf 109s</a>). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2.jpg/220px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2.jpg/330px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2.jpg/440px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>Finnish Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2s during the <a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messerschmitt_Bf_109E_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Messerschmitt_Bf_109E_Romania.jpg/220px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109E_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Messerschmitt_Bf_109E_Romania.jpg/330px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109E_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Messerschmitt_Bf_109E_Romania.jpg/440px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109E_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Romanian Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4 at Stalingrad</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avia-S199-hatzerim-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Avia-S199-hatzerim-2.jpg/220px-Avia-S199-hatzerim-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Avia-S199-hatzerim-2.jpg/330px-Avia-S199-hatzerim-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Avia-S199-hatzerim-2.jpg/440px-Avia-S199-hatzerim-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>S-199 782358 IAFM</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Ha_1112_Buchon.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Ha_1112_Buchon.jpeg/220px-Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Ha_1112_Buchon.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Ha_1112_Buchon.jpeg/330px-Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Ha_1112_Buchon.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Ha_1112_Buchon.jpeg/440px-Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Ha_1112_Buchon.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">Hispano Aviación HA-1112</a> Buchon, the second and last Spanish version built by <a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Hispano Aviación">Hispano Aviación</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swiss_Messerschmitt_Bf_109-E3_top_left_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Swiss_Messerschmitt_Bf_109-E3_top_left_view.jpg/220px-Swiss_Messerschmitt_Bf_109-E3_top_left_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Swiss_Messerschmitt_Bf_109-E3_top_left_view.jpg/330px-Swiss_Messerschmitt_Bf_109-E3_top_left_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Swiss_Messerschmitt_Bf_109-E3_top_left_view.jpg/440px-Swiss_Messerschmitt_Bf_109-E3_top_left_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3142" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>A Bf 109E-3 of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Air_Force" title="Swiss Air Force">Swiss Air Force</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Flieger-Flab-Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Flieger-Flab-Museum">Flieger-Flab-Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bf109_messerschmitt.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bf109_messerschmitt.JPG/220px-Bf109_messerschmitt.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bf109_messerschmitt.JPG/330px-Bf109_messerschmitt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bf109_messerschmitt.JPG/440px-Bf109_messerschmitt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bf 109G-2 14792 Yugoslavian Aviation Museum</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Force" title="Bulgarian Air Force">Bulgarian Air Force</a> operated 19 E-3s and 145 G-2/-6/-10s.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia">Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske</a> operated over 50 Bf 109s, including E-4, F-2, G-2/-6/-10 and Ks.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> – (captured)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Air_Force" title="Czechoslovak Air Force">Czechoslovak Air Force</a> operated captured aircraft and continued building Messerschmitt Bf 109Gs after the war under the Avia S-99 name, but soon ran out of the 109's Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine after many were destroyed during an explosion at a warehouse in Krásné Březno.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finnish Air Force</a> ordered 162 aircraft (48 G-2s, 111 G-6s and three G-8s) from Germany, but 3 were destroyed during transit, leaving the FAF with 159 Bf 109s. FAF pilots had 663 air victories during 1943–44 with Bf 109 G's and lost 34 in combat (20 shot down by enemy aircraft). 23 were non-combat losses and other write-offs. 102 Bf 109 G survived the war.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> – (captured)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hellenic_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Hellenic Air Force">Royal Hellenic Air Force</a> operated a number of captured G-6 109s which had been left during the German withdrawal in October 1944</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> was the main operator of the Bf 109.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Hungarian Air Force">Royal Hungarian Air Force</a> operated 3 D-1s, 50 E-3/-4s, 66 F-4s and ~490 G-2/-4/-6/-8/-10/-14s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> operated the <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199</a> derivative, bought from Czechoslovakia. Despite the type's shortcomings the Israelis scored 8 victories. Egypt and Syria claimed 4 S-199 kills, and 1 probable.<a href="#cite_note-97">[82]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regia_Aeronautica" title="Regia Aeronautica">Regia Aeronautica</a> operated several tens of Bf 109s in the first half of 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrotzuCasòCaruanaCosolo197259–60-98">[83]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Nazionale_Repubblicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana">Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana</a> operated 300 G-6/-10/-14s and two G-12s; three K-4s were also received.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese Army Air Force">Imperial Japanese Army Air Force</a> purchased 5 E-7s in 1941. The aircraft were used for tests and trials.<a href="#cite_note-99">[84]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Romanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Romanian Air Force">Royal Romanian Air Force</a> operated 50 E-3/4s, 19 E-7s, 2 F-2s, 5 F-4s and at least 200+ G-2/G-4/G-6/-8s plus 124 IAR assembled Ga-2/Ga-4/Ga-6.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Air_Force" title="Romanian Air Force">Romanian Air Force</a> – Postwar.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic (1939 - 1945)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A9_vzdu%C5%A1n%C3%A9_zbrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenské vzdušné zbrane">Slovak Air Force</a> operated 16 E-3s, 14 E-7s and 30 G-6s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Insurgent_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak Insurgent Air Force">Slovak Insurgent Air Force</a> operated 3 G-6s during the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spanish State</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a> operated some D-1s, E-3s and 15 F-4s, and may have received several older B-types. Volunteers of Escuadrilla Azul on the Eastern Front operated E-4, E-7, E-7/B, F-2, F-4 (belonged in JG-27 under the command of <a href="/wiki/Luftflotte_2" title="Luftflotte 2">Luftflotte 2</a>, until April 1943) among G-4 and G-6 (detached in JG-51 under the command <a href="/wiki/Luftflotte_4" title="Luftflotte 4">Luftflotte 4</a>, until June 1944). A variant under license by the name <a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">Hispano Aviación HA-1112</a> was produced until 1958.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Air_Force" title="Swiss Air Force">Swiss Air Force</a> operated 10 D-1s, 89 E-3a variants, 2 F-4s and 14 G-6s.</li></ul> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a> operated 73 E-3a variants.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslav_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslav Air Force">SFR Yugoslav Air Force</a> operated several ex-<a href="/wiki/NDH" class="mw-redirect" title="NDH">NDH</a> and Bulgarian Bf 109Gs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Messerschmitt_Bf_109s" title="List of surviving Messerschmitt Bf 109s">List of surviving Messerschmitt Bf 109s</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Bf_109G-6)">Specifications (Bf 109G-6)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Specifications (Bf 109G-6)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messerschmitt_Bf_109_G-5_3-seiten_neu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_G-5_3-seiten_neu.jpg/220px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109_G-5_3-seiten_neu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_G-5_3-seiten_neu.jpg/330px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109_G-5_3-seiten_neu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_G-5_3-seiten_neu.jpg/440px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109_G-5_3-seiten_neu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6274" data-file-height="4514" /></a><figcaption>3-view drawing of Bf 109G-6.</figcaption></figure> Data from The Great Book of Fighters &#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenSwanborough2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-100">[85]</a> and the Finnish Air Force Bf 109 Manual[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]General characteristics <ul><li>Crew: 1</li> <li>Length: 8.95 m (29 ft 4 in)</li> <li>Wingspan: 9.925 m (32 ft 7 in)</li> <li>Height: 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)</li> <li>Wing area: 16.05 m2 (172.8 sq ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>: <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2R1 14.2</a>; tip: <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2R1 11.35</a><a href="#cite_note-Selig-101">[86]</a></li> <li>Empty weight: 2,247 kg (4,954 lb)</li> <li>Gross weight: 3,148 kg (6,940 lb)</li> <li>Max takeoff weight: 3,400 kg (7,496 lb)</li> <li>Powerplant: 1 × <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz_DB_605A-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler-Benz DB 605A-1">Daimler-Benz DB 605A-1</a> V-12 inverted liquid-cooled piston engine 1,475 PS (1,455 hp; 1,085 kW)</li> <li>Propellers: 3-bladed VDM 9-12087, 3 m (9 ft 10 in) diameter light-alloy constant-speed propeller</li></ul> Performance <ul><li>Maximum speed: 530 km/h (330 mph, 290 kn) at sea level</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>588 km/h (365 mph; 317 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)</dd> <dd>642 km/h (399 mph; 347 kn) at 6,300 m (20,700 ft)<a href="#cite_note-http://kurfurst.org/-102">[87]</a></dd> <dd>622 km/h (386 mph; 336 kn) at 8,000 m (26,000 ft)<a href="#cite_note-wwiiaircraftperformance.org-103">[88]</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Cruise speed: 590 km/h (370 mph, 320 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft)</li> <li>Range: 880–1,144 km (547–711 mi, 475–618 nmi)</li> <li>Combat range: 440–572 km (273–355 mi, 238–309 nmi) 440-572 km to the front and back home</li> <li>Ferry range: 1,144–1,994 km (711–1,239 mi, 618–1,077 nmi) 1144 without and 1994 with droptank</li> <li>Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,000 ft)</li> <li>Rate of climb: 22.7 m/s (4,470 ft/min)</li> <li>Wing loading: 196 kg/m2 (40 lb/sq ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>: 0.344 kW/kg (0.209 hp/lb)</li></ul> Armament <ul><li>Guns: <ul><li>2 × 13 mm (.51 in) synchronized <a href="/wiki/MG_131_machine_gun" title="MG 131 machine gun">MG 131 machine guns</a> with 300 rpg</li> <li>1 × 20 mm (.78 in) <a href="/wiki/MG_151_cannon" title="MG 151 cannon">MG 151/20 cannon</a> as centerline Motorkanone with 200 rpg<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitchcock19767-104">[89]</a> or</li> <li>1 x 30 mm (1.18 in) <a href="/wiki/MK_108_cannon" title="MK 108 cannon">MK 108 cannon</a> as centerline Motorkanone with 65 rpg (G-6/U4 variant)</li> <li>2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 underwing gondolas with 135 rpg (optional kit—Rüstsatz VI)</li></ul></li> <li>Rockets: 2 × 21 cm (8 in) <a href="/wiki/WGr_21_rocket_launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="WGr 21 rocket launcher">Wfr. Gr. 21</a> rockets (G-6 with BR21)</li> <li>Bombs: 1 × 250 kg (551 lb) bomb or 4 × 50 kg (110 lb) bombs or 1 × 300-litre (79 US gal) drop tank</li></ul> Avionics <a href="/wiki/FuG_16" class="mw-redirect" title="FuG 16">FuG 16</a>Z radio <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonderkommando_Elbe" title="Sonderkommando Elbe">Sonderkommando Elbe</a></li></ul> Related development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108" class="mw-redirect" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108">Messerschmitt Bf 108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209-II" class="mw-redirect" title="Messerschmitt Me 209-II">Messerschmitt Me 209-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviacion_HA-1109" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano Aviacion HA-1109">Hispano Aviacion HA-1109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-99/S-199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_309" title="Messerschmitt Me 309">Messerschmitt Me 309</a></li></ul> Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.520" title="Dewoitine D.520">Dewoitine D.520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.55" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat G.55">Fiat G.55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_100" title="Heinkel He 100">Heinkel He 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-61" title="Kawasaki Ki-61">Kawasaki Ki-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_LaGG-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavochkin LaGG-3">Lavochkin LaGG-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchi_C.202" class="mw-redirect" title="Macchi C.202">Macchi C.202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-3" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morane-Saulnier_MS.406" class="mw-redirect" title="Morane-Saulnier MS.406">Morane-Saulnier MS.406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogo%C5%BEarski_IK-3" title="Rogožarski IK-3">Rogožarski IK-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-1" title="Yakovlev Yak-1">Yakovlev Yak-1</a></li></ul> Related lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_Germany" title="List of military aircraft of Germany">List of military aircraft of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_aircraft_of_Germany" title="List of World War II military aircraft of Germany">List of aircraft of Germany in World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> In 1929 Milch, then managing director of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Luft_Hansa" title="Deutsche Luft Hansa">Deutsche Luft Hansa</a> cancelled an order for 10 <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_M20" class="mw-redirect" title="Messerschmitt M20">Messerschmitt M20b</a> light transport aircraft after Hans Hackman, a close friend of Milch, was killed testing the prototype.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198011–12-9">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> This aircraft was instrumental in testing the Rolls-Royce PV-12, later to become the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Rolls-Royce Merlin</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> The engine's mass helped buffer the recoil. British reports on captured DB 601 series engines describe "a double-walled cannon tube housing" as part of the <a href="/wiki/Crankcase" title="Crankcase">crankcase</a>. Few if any Bf 109s used weapons firing through the propeller hub before the F-series, which mounted 15 mm (.59 in) and 20 mm weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197674-31">[29]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Galland also flew another F-2/U1 in which the MG 17s above the engine were replaced by 13 mm MG 131s </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> World speed records and other aviation records were and still are set by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). A record attempt must be made over a recognized course at a set altitude to be considered. The Bf 109 and 209s came under the category "CLASS C, GROUP 1d"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fai.org/news_archives/fai/cat_world_records.asp">"FAI record (current)."</a> fai.org. Retrieved: 29 April 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Produced from 1943 sept until 1944 sept </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> First entered service in 1944 Late April–May with MW-50 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> First entered service in 1944 Late April–May </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Many of the G-10s are converted from older G-6/14s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMermet19941-81">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995167-82">[74]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> First entered service in 1944 Mid-October </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> It's not clear, these planes were G-6/AS with DB-605 ASM engine or genuine G-10s with DB-605 DB. Officially there was no G-10/AS produced in the factories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMermet199443–47-85">[75]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> First entered service in 1944 Mid-October </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> The exact number of Bf 109G-12s built is unknown as war-weary G-2, G-4, and G-6 airframes were converted or rebuilt to produce this variant. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> First entered service in 1944 Early-October </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Some sources state one hundred and nine pilots were credited with more than 100 enemy aircraft.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_1-2">c</a> U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, Aircraft Division Industry Report, Exhibit I – German Airplane Programs vs Actual Production. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsgren201741-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsgren201741_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFForsgren2017">Forsgren 2017</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENowarra1993189_3-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFNowarra1993">Nowarra 1993</a>, p. 189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen19807,_13-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen19807,_13_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen19807,_13_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1980">Green 1980</a>, pp. 7, 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagnerNowarra1971229_5-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFWagnerNowarra1971">Wagner & Nowarra 1971</a>, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199935–37-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199935–37_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadingerOtto199935–37_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadingerOtto1999">Radinger & Otto 1999</a>, pp. 35–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobelMathmann19973-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKobelMathmann19973_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKobelMathmann19973_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKobelMathmann19973_7-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKobelMathmann1997">Kobel & Mathmann 1997</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERitger20066-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitger20066_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitger20066_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitger20066_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitger20066_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitger20066_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitger20066_8-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFRitger2006">Ritger 2006</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198011–12-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen198011–12_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1980">Green 1980</a>, pp. 11–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeamanCampbell198013-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeamanCampbell198013_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeamanCampbell1980">Beaman & Campbell 1980</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198018–21-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen198018–21_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1980">Green 1980</a>, pp. 18–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198014-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen198014_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1980">Green 1980</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaidin1968[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaidin1968[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCaidin1968">Caidin 1968</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen198015–17-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen198015–17_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1980">Green 1980</a>, pp. 15–17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199314-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeist199314_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFeist1993">Feist 1993</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENowarra1993190-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENowarra1993190_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENowarra1993190_18-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNowarra1993">Nowarra 1993</a>, p. 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197656–66-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197656–66_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrossScarborough1976">Cross & Scarborough 1976</a>, pp. 56–66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossScarborough197660–61-20">^ <a 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Exhibit I – German Airplane Programs vs Actual Production. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Messerschmitt Bf 109 the complete monography 2016 by Jean-Claude Mermet and Christian-Jacques Ehrengardt page 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPrienRodeike1995">Prien & Rodeike 1995</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMermet19941-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMermet19941_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMermet1994">Mermet 1994</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995167-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrienRodeike1995167_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPrienRodeike1995">Prien & Rodeike 1995</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMermet199443–47-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMermet199443–47_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMermet1994">Mermet 1994</a>, pp. 43–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Die Messerschmitt-Werke im 2.Weltkrieg </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199350-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeist199350_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeist199350_91-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFeist1993">Feist 1993</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergström2007117-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergström2007117_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergström2007">Bergström 2007</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToliverConstable1965235–236-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToliverConstable1965235–236_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFToliverConstable1965">Toliver & Constable 1965</a>, pp. 235–236. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeist199351-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeist199351_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFeist1993">Feist 1993</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeulen2000217-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeulen2000217_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeulen2000">Neulen 2000</a>, p. 217. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_255.shtml">"List of Israeli Air-to-Air Victories 1948–1966."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609181946/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_255.shtml">Archived</a> 9 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> acig.org. Retrieved: 2 January 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrotzuCasòCaruanaCosolo197259–60-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrotzuCasòCaruanaCosolo197259–60_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrotzuCasòCaruanaCosolo1972">Brotzu et al. 1972</a>, pp. 59–60. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLansdale" class="citation web cs1">Lansdale, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-aircraft.com/captured/testedby/me109/me109.htm">"Messerschmitt Me-109"</a>. J-aircraft.com. Retrieved 13 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=J-aircraft.com&rft.atitle=Messerschmitt+Me-109&rft.aulast=Lansdale&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-aircraft.com%2Fcaptured%2Ftestedby%2Fme109%2Fme109.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenSwanborough2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenSwanborough2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenSwanborough2001">Green & Swanborough 2001</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://kurfurst.org/-102"><a href="#cite_ref-http://kurfurst.org/_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kurfurst.org/Performance_tests/109G14_May44trials/109G-6_DB605A.jpg">"Image of aircraft performance data"</a> (JPG). kurfurst.org. Retrieved 15 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kurfurst.org&rft.atitle=Image+of+aircraft+performance+data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkurfurst.org%2FPerformance_tests%2F109G14_May44trials%2F109G-6_DB605A.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwiiaircraftperformance.org-103"><a href="#cite_ref-wwiiaircraftperformance.org_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/me109/me109g6-combat-emergency.jpg">"Image of aircraft performance data"</a> (JPG). Wwiiaircraftperformance.org. 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ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440840845" title="Special:BookSources/9781440840845"><bdi>9781440840845</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust%3A+An+Encyclopedia+and+Document+Collection+%5B4+volumes%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781440840845&rft.aulast=Bartrop&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft.au=Dickerman%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4I2DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeamanCampbell1980" class="citation book cs1">Beaman, John R. Jr.; Campbell, Jerry L. (1980). Messerschmitt Bf 109 in action, Part 1. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89747-106-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89747-106-0"><bdi>978-0-89747-106-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109+in+action%2C+Part+1&rft.place=Carrollton%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Squadron%2FSignal+Publications&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-89747-106-0&rft.aulast=Beaman&rft.aufirst=John+R.+Jr.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Jerry+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergström2007" class="citation book cs1">Bergström, Christer (2007). Barbarossa - The Air Battle: July–December 1941. 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Vienna: Edition Steinbauer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-902494-83-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-902494-83-2"><bdi>978-3-902494-83-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gestapo-Leitstelle+Wien+1938%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=Edition+Steinbauer&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-902494-83-2&rft.aulast=Boeckl-Klamper&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft.au=Mang%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Neugebauer%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyne1994" class="citation book cs1">Boyne, Walter J. (1994). Clash of Wings. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83915-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83915-8"><bdi>978-0-684-83915-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clash+of+Wings&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-684-83915-8&rft.aulast=Boyne&rft.aufirst=Walter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrotzuCasòCaruanaCosolo1972" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brotzu, Emilio; Casò, Michele; Caruana, Richard E; Cosolo, Gherardo (1972). Dimensione Cielo – Aerei italiani nella 2° guerra mondiale: Caccia Assalto 3 (in Italian). Roma, Italy: Edizioni Bizzarri. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/955559938">955559938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dimensione+Cielo+%E2%80%93+Aerei+italiani+nella+2%C2%B0+guerra+mondiale%3A+Caccia+Assalto+3&rft.place=Roma%2C+Italy&rft.pub=Edizioni+Bizzarri&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F955559938&rft.aulast=Brotzu&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rft.au=Cas%C3%B2%2C+Michele&rft.au=Caruana%2C+Richard+E&rft.au=Cosolo%2C+Gherardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroucek2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Broucek, Peter (2008). Die österreichische Identität im Widerstand 1938–1945 (in German). Edition Steinbauer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-902494-74-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-902494-74-0"><bdi>978-3-902494-74-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+%C3%B6sterreichische+Identit%C3%A4t+im+Widerstand+1938%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Edition+Steinbauer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-902494-74-0&rft.aulast=Broucek&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaidin1968" class="citation book cs1">Caidin, Martin (1968). Me 109 – Willy Messerschmitt's Peerless Fighter. Ballantine's illustrated history of World War II. Weapons book no. 4. 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Messerschmitt Bf 109, Versions B-E. London, UK: Patrick Stevens. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85059-106-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85059-106-4"><bdi>978-0-85059-106-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109%2C+Versions+B-E&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Patrick+Stevens&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-85059-106-4&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Scarborough%2C+Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeighton1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Deighton, Len</a> (1977). <a href="/wiki/Fighter:_The_True_Story_of_the_Battle_of_Britain" title="Fighter: The True Story of the Battle of Britain">Fighter: The True Story of the Battle of Britain</a>. London, UK: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7423-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7423-2"><bdi>978-0-7126-7423-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighter%3A+The+True+Story+of+the+Battle+of+Britain&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-7423-2&rft.aulast=Deighton&rft.aufirst=Len&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrabkin2007" class="citation book cs1">Drabkin, Artem (2007). The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa and the Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-563-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-563-7"><bdi>978-1-84415-563-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Red+Air+Force+at+War%3A+Barbarossa+and+the+Retreat+to+Moscow+%E2%80%93+Recollections+of+Fighter+Pilots+on+the+Eastern+Front&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+South+Yorkshire%2C+UK&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Military&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-563-7&rft.aulast=Drabkin&rft.aufirst=Artem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbertB._KaiserPeters2000" class="citation book cs1">Ebert, Hans A.; B. Kaiser, Johann; Peters, Klaus (2000). Willy Messerschmitt: Pioneer of Aviation (The History of German Aviation Design). Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-0727-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7643-0727-4"><bdi>0-7643-0727-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Willy+Messerschmitt%3A+Pioneer+of+Aviation+%28The+History+of+German+Aviation+Design%29&rft.place=Atglen%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Schiffer+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7643-0727-4&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Hans+A.&rft.au=B.+Kaiser%2C+Johann&rft.au=Peters%2C+Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbertKaiserPeters1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ebert, Hans; Kaiser, Johann; Peters, Klaus (1992). Willy Messerschmitt, Pionier der Luftfahrt und des Leichtbaues : eine Biographie (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7637-6103-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7637-6103-6"><bdi>978-3-7637-6103-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Willy+Messerschmitt%2C+Pionier+der+Luftfahrt+und+des+Leichtbaues+%3A+eine+Biographie&rft.place=Bonn&rft.pub=Bernard+%26+Graefe&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-7637-6103-6&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+Johann&rft.au=Peters%2C+Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeist1993" class="citation book cs1">Feist, Uwe (1993). The Fighting Me 109. London, UK: Arms and Armour Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-209-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-209-0"><bdi>978-1-85409-209-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fighting+Me+109&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Arms+and+Armour+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-85409-209-0&rft.aulast=Feist&rft.aufirst=Uwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández-Sommerau2004" class="citation book cs1">Fernández-Sommerau, Marco (2004). Messerschmitt Bf 109 Recognition Manual. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Classic Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903223-27-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-903223-27-X"><bdi>1-903223-27-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109+Recognition+Manual&rft.place=Hersham%2C+Surrey%2C+UK&rft.pub=Classic+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-903223-27-X&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Sommerau&rft.aufirst=Marco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsgren2017" class="citation book cs1">Forsgren, Jan (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KzMqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT41">Messerschmitt Bf 109: The Design and Operational History</a>. Fonthill Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78155-586-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78155-586-6"><bdi>978-1-78155-586-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109%3A+The+Design+and+Operational+History&rft.pub=Fonthill+Media&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78155-586-6&rft.aulast=Forsgren&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKzMqDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlancey2006" class="citation book cs1">Glancey, Jonathan (2006). Spitfire: The Illustrated Biography. London, UK: Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-528-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-528-6"><bdi>978-1-84354-528-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spitfire%3A+The+Illustrated+Biography&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84354-528-6&rft.aulast=Glancey&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1980" class="citation book cs1">Green, William (1980). Messerschmitt Bf 109: The Augsburg Eagle; A Documentary History. London, UK: Macdonald and Jane's Publishing Group Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7106-0005-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7106-0005-9"><bdi>978-0-7106-0005-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109%3A+The+Augsburg+Eagle%3B+A+Documentary+History&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Macdonald+and+Jane%27s+Publishing+Group+Ltd.&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-7106-0005-9&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenSwanborough2001" class="citation book cs1">Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (2001). The Great Book of Fighters. MBI Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1194-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1194-3"><bdi>978-0-7603-1194-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Book+of+Fighters&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-1194-3&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Swanborough%2C+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriehl2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Griehl, Manfred (2004). Das geheime Typenbuch der deutschen Luftwaffe: Geheime Kommandosache 8531/44 gKdos (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0775-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0775-9"><bdi>978-3-7909-0775-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+geheime+Typenbuch+der+deutschen+Luftwaffe%3A+Geheime+Kommandosache+8531%2F44+gKdos&rft.place=Friedberg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Podzun-Pallas+Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-7909-0775-9&rft.aulast=Griehl&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn1963" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hahn, Fritz (1963). Deutsche Geheimwaffen, 1939–1945 [German Secret Weapons, 1939–1945] (in German). Heidenheim, Germany: E. Hoffmann. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2219140">2219140</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Geheimwaffen%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Heidenheim%2C+Germany&rft.pub=E.+Hoffmann&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2219140&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Fritz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchcock1976" class="citation book cs1">Hitchcock, Thomas H. (1976). Gustav: Messerschmitt 109G part 1. Boylston, Massachusetts: Monogram Aviation Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914144-06-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914144-06-9"><bdi>978-0-914144-06-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gustav%3A+Messerschmitt+109G+part+1&rft.place=Boylston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Monogram+Aviation+Publications&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-914144-06-9&rft.aulast=Hitchcock&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobelMathmann1997" class="citation book cs1">Kobel, Franz; Mathmann, Jakob Maria (1997). Bf 109. Atglen, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Schiffer_Publishing" title="Schiffer Publishing">Schiffer Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-919-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-919-6"><bdi>978-0-88740-919-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bf+109&rft.place=Atglen%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-88740-919-6&rft.aulast=Kobel&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft.au=Mathmann%2C+Jakob+Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1945" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Joseph (1945). The Observer's Book Of Airplanes. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Book+Of+Airplanes&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+%26+Co&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMermet1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mermet, Jean-Claude (1994). Les Messerschmitt Bf 109, G-1 à K-4, et leurs moteurs [Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-1 through K-4. Engines and Fittings] (in French). Marnaz, France: Jean Claude Mermet SA. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/463935941">463935941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Messerschmitt+Bf+109%2C+G-1+%C3%A0+K-4%2C+et+leurs+moteurs&rft.place=Marnaz%2C+France&rft.pub=Jean+Claude+Mermet+SA&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F463935941&rft.aulast=Mermet&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMesserschmitt_Bf_109G2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Messerschmitt Bf 109G; technisch Kompendium, Handbücher, Ersatztelliste, Bewaffnung Bedienungsvorschrift/Fl, Bordfunkanlage, Lehrbildreihe; 1942/1944. [Elektronische Resource] (in German) (Reprint ed.). Ludwigsburg, Germany: Luftfahrt-Archiv. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-939847-13-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-939847-13-5"><bdi>3-939847-13-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109G%3B+technisch+Kompendium%2C+Handb%C3%BCcher%2C+Ersatztelliste%2C+Bewaffnung+Bedienungsvorschrift%2FFl%2C+Bordfunkanlage%2C+Lehrbildreihe%3B+1942%2F1944.&rft.place=Ludwigsburg%2C+Germany&rft.series=%5BElektronische+Resource%5D&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Luftfahrt-Archiv&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3-939847-13-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMesserschmitt_Bf_109K2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Messerschmitt Bf 109K; technisch Kompendium, Handbüch, Ersatztelliste, Rep.-Answeisung, Bewaffnung Bedienungsvorschrift; 1943–1944. [Elektronische Resource] (in German) (Reprint ed.). Ludwigsburg, Germany: Luftfahrt-Archiv. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-939847-14-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-939847-14-3"><bdi>3-939847-14-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109K%3B+technisch+Kompendium%2C+Handb%C3%BCch%2C+Ersatztelliste%2C+Rep.-Answeisung%2C+Bewaffnung+Bedienungsvorschrift%3B+1943%E2%80%931944.&rft.place=Ludwigsburg%2C+Germany&rft.series=%5BElektronische+Resource%5D&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Luftfahrt-Archiv&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3-939847-14-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorganShacklady2000" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Eric B.; Shacklady, Edward (2000). Spitfire: The History. Stamford, UK: Key Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946219-48-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-946219-48-6"><bdi>0-946219-48-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spitfire%3A+The+History&rft.place=Stamford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Key+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-946219-48-6&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Eric+B.&rft.au=Shacklady%2C+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeulen2000" class="citation book cs1">Neulen, Hans Werner (2000). In the Skies of Europe. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86126-799-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86126-799-3"><bdi>978-1-86126-799-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Skies+of+Europe&rft.place=Ramsbury%2C+Marlborough%2C+UK&rft.pub=The+Crowood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86126-799-3&rft.aulast=Neulen&rft.aufirst=Hans+Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowarra1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nowarra, Heinz (1993). Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945, Band 3: Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt (in German). Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7637-5467-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7637-5467-0"><bdi>978-3-7637-5467-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Deutsche+Luftr%C3%BCstung+1933%E2%80%931945%2C+Band+3%3A+Flugzeugtypen+Henschel-Messerschmitt&rft.place=Koblenz%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Bernard+%26+Graefe&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-7637-5467-0&rft.aulast=Nowarra&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrienRodeike1995" class="citation book cs1">Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1995). Messerschmitt Bf 109 F, G & K Series: An Illustrated Study. Atglen, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Schiffer_Publishing" title="Schiffer Publishing">Schiffer Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-424-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-424-5"><bdi>978-0-88740-424-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109+F%2C+G+%26+K+Series%3A+An+Illustrated+Study&rft.place=Atglen%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-88740-424-5&rft.aulast=Prien&rft.aufirst=Jochen&rft.au=Rodeike%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadingerOtto1999" class="citation book cs1">Radinger, Willy; Otto, Wolfgang (1999). Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-K – Development, testing, production. Atglen, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Schiffer_Publishing" title="Schiffer Publishing">Schiffer Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-1023-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-1023-2"><bdi>978-0-7643-1023-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109+F-K+%E2%80%93+Development%2C+testing%2C+production&rft.place=Atglen%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7643-1023-2&rft.aulast=Radinger&rft.aufirst=Willy&rft.au=Otto%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitger2006" class="citation book cs1">Ritger, Lynn (2006). Messerschmitt Bf 109 Prototype to 'E' Variants. Bedford, UK: SAM Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9551858-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9551858-0-9"><bdi>978-0-9551858-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109+Prototype+to+%27E%27+Variants&rft.place=Bedford%2C+UK&rft.pub=SAM+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9551858-0-9&rft.aulast=Ritger&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavicCiglic2002" class="citation book cs1">Savic, D.; Ciglic, B. (2002). Croatian Aces of World War II (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 49). Oxford, UK: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-435-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-435-3"><bdi>1-84176-435-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatian+Aces+of+World+War+II+%28Osprey+Aircraft+of+the+Aces+49%29&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-84176-435-3&rft.aulast=Savic&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Ciglic%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafranek2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schafranek, Hans (2017). Widerstand und Verrat: Gestapospitzel im antifaschistischen Untergrund (in German). Vienna, Austria: Czernin Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7076-0622-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7076-0622-5"><bdi>978-3-7076-0622-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Widerstand+und+Verrat%3A+Gestapospitzel+im+antifaschistischen+Untergrund&rft.place=Vienna%2C+Austria&rft.pub=Czernin+Verlag&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-7076-0622-5&rft.aulast=Schafranek&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinnhuber2012" class="citation book cs1">Sinnhuber, Karl (2012). Salzburg To Stalingrad. UK: Milton Keynes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781471702228" title="Special:BookSources/9781471702228"><bdi>9781471702228</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salzburg+To+Stalingrad&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Milton+Keynes&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781471702228&rft.aulast=Sinnhuber&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStehle1996" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stehle, Hansjakob (5 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/1996/02/Die_Spione_aus_dem_Pfarrhaus/seite-2">"Die Spione aus dem Pfarrhaus"</a> [The spy from the rectory]. <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a> (in German). Retrieved 21 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Zeit&rft.atitle=Die+Spione+aus+dem+Pfarrhaus&rft.date=1996-01-05&rft.aulast=Stehle&rft.aufirst=Hansjakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F1996%2F02%2FDie_Spione_aus_dem_Pfarrhaus%2Fseite-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToliverConstable1965" class="citation book cs1">Toliver, Raymond F.; <a href="/wiki/Trevor_James_Constable" title="Trevor James Constable">Constable, Trevor J.</a> (1965). Fighter Aces. New York, US: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500583122">500583122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighter+Aces&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500583122&rft.aulast=Toliver&rft.aufirst=Raymond+F.&rft.au=Constable%2C+Trevor+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUziel2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Uziel" title="Daniel Uziel">Uziel, Daniel</a> (2011). Arming the Luftwaffe: The German Aviation Industry in World War II. Jefferson, US: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786488797" title="Special:BookSources/9780786488797"><bdi>9780786488797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arming+the+Luftwaffe%3A+The+German+Aviation+Industry+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+US&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780786488797&rft.aulast=Uziel&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVajdaDancey1998" class="citation book cs1">Vajda, Ferenc A.; Dancey, Peter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Elfmh6eJFrMC">German Aircraft Industry and Production, 1933–1945</a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781853108648" title="Special:BookSources/9781853108648"><bdi>9781853108648</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Aircraft+Industry+and+Production%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781853108648&rft.aulast=Vajda&rft.aufirst=Ferenc+A.&rft.au=Dancey%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DElfmh6eJFrMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValtonen1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Valtonen, Hannu (1999). Messerschmitt Bf 109 ja saksan sotatalous [Messerschmitt Bf 109 and the German War Economy] (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland: Keski-Suomen Ilmailumuseo (Central Finnish Aviation Museum). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-95688-7-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-95688-7-4"><bdi>978-951-95688-7-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109+ja+saksan+sotatalous&rft.place=Helsinki%2C+Finland&rft.pub=Keski-Suomen+Ilmailumuseo+%28Central+Finnish+Aviation+Museum%29&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-951-95688-7-4&rft.aulast=Valtonen&rft.aufirst=Hannu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagnerNowarra1971" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Ray; Nowarra, Heinz (1971). German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945. New York, US: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/918039674">918039674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Combat+Planes%3A+A+Comprehensive+Survey+and+History+of+the+Development+of+German+Military+Aircraft+from+1914+to+1945&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F918039674&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.au=Nowarra%2C+Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wolf, Manuel (2009). Luftkrieg über Europa 1939–1945, die Angst im Nacken (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-613-03084-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-613-03084-8"><bdi>978-3-613-03084-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luftkrieg+%C3%BCber+Europa+1939%E2%80%931945%2C+die+Angst+im+Nacken&rft.place=Stuttgart%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Motorbuch-Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-613-03084-8&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Andreev, J. & Boshniakov, S. (December 1998). "Les Messerschmitt 109 bulgares (fin)" [Bulgarian Messerschmitt 109s]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (69): 24–30. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650">1243-8650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avions%3A+Toute+l%27a%C3%A9ronautique+et+son+histoire&rft.atitle=Les+Messerschmitt+109+bulgares+%28fin%29&rft.issue=69&rft.pages=24-30&rft.date=1998-12&rft.issn=1243-8650&rft.aulast=Andreev&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Boshniakov%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvila_Cruz2000" class="citation journal cs1">Avila Cruz, Gonzalo (May–June 2000). "Bipalas, Tripalas and Knapsacks: Messerschmitt Bf 109s in Spanish Service". Air Enthusiast. 87: 62–71. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Bipalas%2C+Tripalas+and+Knapsacks%3A+Messerschmitt+Bf+109s+in+Spanish+Service&rft.volume=87&rft.pages=62-71&rft.date=2000-05%2F2000-06&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Avila+Cruz&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBealeD'AmicoValentini1996" class="citation book cs1">Beale, Nick; D'Amico, Ferdinando; Valentini, Gabriele (1996). Air War Italy: Axis Air Forces from Liberation of Rome to the Surrender. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85310-252-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85310-252-0"><bdi>1-85310-252-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+War+Italy%3A+Axis+Air+Forces+from+Liberation+of+Rome+to+the+Surrender&rft.place=Shrewsbury%2C+UK&rft.pub=Airlife&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-85310-252-0&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=D%27Amico%2C+Ferdinando&rft.au=Valentini%2C+Gabriele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergströmPegg2003" class="citation book cs1">Bergström, Christer; Pegg, Martin (2003). Jagdwaffe: The War in Russia, January–October 1942. Luftwaffe Colours. Vol. 3. London, UK: Classic Colours Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903223-23-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-903223-23-7"><bdi>1-903223-23-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jagdwaffe%3A+The+War+in+Russia%2C+January%E2%80%93October+1942&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.series=Luftwaffe+Colours&rft.pub=Classic+Colours+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-903223-23-7&rft.aulast=Bergstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Christer&rft.au=Pegg%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke2007" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Stephen (2007). Without Wings: The Story of Hitler's Aircraft Carrier. Oxford, UK: Trafford Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4251-2216-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4251-2216-4"><bdi>978-1-4251-2216-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Without+Wings%3A+The+Story+of+Hitler%27s+Aircraft+Carrier&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4251-2216-4&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell1991" class="citation book cs1">Caldwell, Donald L. (1991). JG 26: Top Guns of the Luftwaffe. New York, US: Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8041-1050-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8041-1050-6"><bdi>0-8041-1050-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JG+26%3A+Top+Guns+of+the+Luftwaffe&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8041-1050-6&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig1968" class="citation book cs1">Craig, James F. (1968). The Messerschmitt Bf.109. New York, US: Arco Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Messerschmitt+Bf.109&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Arco+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grasset, Philippe (May 1976). "Encore un "Gustave" tout neuf!: Le Messerschmitt Bf 109G du National Air and Space Museum des USA à Washington" [Return of a Brand New "Gustav": The Messerschmitt Bf 109G of the National Air and Space Museum in Washington]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (78): 32–35. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0757-4169">0757-4169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Fana+de+l%27Aviation&rft.atitle=Encore+un+%22Gustave%22+tout+neuf%21%3A+Le+Messerschmitt+Bf+109G+du+National+Air+and+Space+Museum+des+USA+%C3%A0+Washington&rft.issue=78&rft.pages=32-35&rft.date=1976-05&rft.issn=0757-4169&rft.aulast=Grasset&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchcock1973" class="citation book cs1">Hitchcock, Thomas H. (1973). Messerschmitt 'O-Nine' Gallery. Chicago, US: Monogram Aviation Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914144-00-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914144-00-7"><bdi>978-0-914144-00-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+%27O-Nine%27+Gallery&rft.place=Chicago%2C+US&rft.pub=Monogram+Aviation+Publications&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-914144-00-7&rft.aulast=Hitchcock&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2007" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Tony (2007). Spitfire vs Bf 109: Battle of Britain. Oxford, UK/New York: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-190-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-190-8"><bdi>978-1-84603-190-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spitfire+vs+Bf+109%3A+Battle+of+Britain&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-190-8&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooton2007" class="citation book cs1">Hooton, Edward R. (2007). Blitzkrieg in the West, 1939–1940 (Luftwaffe at War: 2). Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-272-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-272-6"><bdi>978-1-85780-272-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blitzkrieg+in+the+West%2C+1939%E2%80%931940+%28Luftwaffe+at+War%3A+2%29&rft.place=Hersham%2C+Surrey%2C+UK&rft.pub=Midland+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85780-272-6&rft.aulast=Hooton&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2003" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Robert (2003). Aircraft of World War II: Development, Weaponry, Specifications. Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-1696-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-1696-8"><bdi>0-7858-1696-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+of+World+War+II%3A+Development%2C+Weaponry%2C+Specifications&rft.place=Edison%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Chartwell+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7858-1696-8&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kulikov, Victor (March 2000). "Des occasions en or pour Staline, ou les avions allemands en URSS" [Golden Opportunities for Stalin, or German Aircraft in the USSR]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (84): 16–23. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650">1243-8650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avions%3A+Toute+l%27A%C3%A9ronautique+et+son+histoire&rft.atitle=Des+occasions+en+or+pour+Staline%2C+ou+les+avions+allemands+en+URSS&rft.issue=84&rft.pages=16-23&rft.date=2000-03&rft.issn=1243-8650&rft.aulast=Kulikov&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kulikov, Victor (April 2000). "Des occasions en or pour Staline, ou les avions allemands en URSS". Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (85): 44–49. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650">1243-8650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avions%3A+Toute+l%27A%C3%A9ronautique+et+son+histoire&rft.atitle=Des+occasions+en+or+pour+Staline%2C+ou+les+avions+allemands+en+URSS&rft.issue=85&rft.pages=44-49&rft.date=2000-04&rft.issn=1243-8650&rft.aulast=Kulikov&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMankauPetrick2001" class="citation book cs1">Mankau, Heinz; Petrick, Peter (2001). Messerschmitt Bf 110, Me 210, Me 410. Raumfahrt, Germany: Aviatic Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-925505-62-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-925505-62-8"><bdi>3-925505-62-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+110%2C+Me+210%2C+Me+410&rft.place=Raumfahrt%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Aviatic+Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-925505-62-8&rft.aulast=Mankau&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rft.au=Petrick%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marshall, Francis L. (2002). Messerschmitt Bf 109T "Die Jäger der Graf Zeppelin" (in German). Gilching, Germany: Marshall-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-00-008220-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-00-008220-4"><bdi>3-00-008220-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109T+%22Die+J%C3%A4ger+der+Graf+Zeppelin%22&rft.place=Gilching%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Marshall-Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-00-008220-4&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Francis+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1994" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Francis L. (1994). Sea Eagles: The Messerschmitt Bf 109T. Walton on Thames, Surrey, UK: Air Research Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-871187-23-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-871187-23-0"><bdi>1-871187-23-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sea+Eagles%3A+The+Messerschmitt+Bf+109T&rft.place=Walton+on+Thames%2C+Surrey%2C+UK&rft.pub=Air+Research+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-871187-23-0&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Francis+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason1973" class="citation book cs1">Mason, Francis K. (1973). Messerschmitt Bf 109B, C, D, E in Luftwaffe & Foreign service. London, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-152-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-152-3"><bdi>0-85045-152-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109B%2C+C%2C+D%2C+E+in+Luftwaffe+%26+Foreign+service&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-85045-152-3&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Francis+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassimelloGiorgio_Apostolo2000" class="citation book cs1">Massimello, Giovanni; Giorgio Apostolo (2000). Italian Aces of World War Two. Oxford/New York: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-078-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-078-0"><bdi>978-1-84176-078-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Aces+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=Oxford%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-078-0&rft.aulast=Massimello&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft.au=Giorgio+Apostolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOschéPatrick_Laureau1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Osché, Philippe; Patrick Laureau (1996). The Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Swiss Service (in French). Boulogne sur Mer, France: Lela Presse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-914017-31-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-914017-31-6"><bdi>2-914017-31-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Messerschmitt+Bf+109+in+Swiss+Service&rft.place=Boulogne+sur+Mer%2C+France&rft.pub=Lela+Presse&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-914017-31-6&rft.aulast=Osch%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.au=Patrick+Laureau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice1996" class="citation book cs1">Price, Alfred (1996). Spitfire Mk. I/II Aces (Osprey's Aircraft of the Aces). London, UK: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-8372-207-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-8372-207-0"><bdi>84-8372-207-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spitfire+Mk.+I%2FII+Aces+%28Osprey%27s+Aircraft+of+the+Aces%29&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=84-8372-207-0&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunka1995" class="citation book cs1">Punka, György (1995). "Messer" : the Messerschmitt 109 in the Royal Hungarian "Honvéd" Air Force. Budapest, Hungary: OMIKK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789635932160" title="Special:BookSources/9789635932160"><bdi>9789635932160</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Messer%22+%3A+the+Messerschmitt+109+in+the+Royal+Hungarian+%22Honv%C3%A9d%22+Air+Force&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pub=OMIKK&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9789635932160&rft.aulast=Punka&rft.aufirst=Gy%C3%B6rgy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadingerWalter_Schick1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Radinger, Willy; Walter Schick (1997). Messerschmitt Me 109 (Alle Varianten: vion Bf (Me) 109A bis Me 109E) (in German). Oberhaching, Germany: Aviatic Verlag GmbH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-925505-32-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-925505-32-6"><bdi>3-925505-32-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Me+109+%28Alle+Varianten%3A+vion+Bf+%28Me%29+109A+bis+Me+109E%29&rft.place=Oberhaching%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Aviatic+Verlag+GmbH&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-925505-32-6&rft.aulast=Radinger&rft.aufirst=Willy&rft.au=Walter+Schick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRimmell1986" class="citation book cs1">Rimmell, Ray (1986). ME 109: Messerschmitt Bf 109E. Chipping Ongar, Essex, UK: Linewrights Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946958-18-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-946958-18-1"><bdi>0-946958-18-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ME+109%3A+Messerschmitt+Bf+109E&rft.place=Chipping+Ongar%2C+Essex%2C+UK&rft.pub=Linewrights+Ltd.&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-946958-18-1&rft.aulast=Rimmell&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScutts1994" class="citation book cs1">Scutts, Jerry (1994). Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-448-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-448-0"><bdi>978-1-85532-448-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bf+109+Aces+of+North+Africa+and+the+Mediterranean&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-448-0&rft.aulast=Scutts&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoresB._CullN._Malizia1987" class="citation book cs1">Shores; B. Cull; N. Malizia (1987). Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece & Crete – 1940–41. London, UK: Grub Street. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948817-07-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-948817-07-0"><bdi>0-948817-07-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+War+for+Yugoslavia%2C+Greece+%26+Crete+%E2%80%93+1940%E2%80%9341&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Grub+Street&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-948817-07-0&rft.au=Shores&rft.au=B.+Cull&rft.au=N.+Malizia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Starr, Chris (May 2005). "Developing Power: Daimler-Benz and the Messerschmitt Bf 109". Aeroplane. Vol. 33, no. 5 #385. London, UK: IPC Media Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aeroplane&rft.atitle=Developing+Power%3A+Daimler-Benz+and+the+Messerschmitt+Bf+109&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5+%23385&rft.date=2005-05&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStenmanKalevi_Keskinen1998" class="citation book cs1">Stenman, Kari; Kalevi Keskinen (1998). Finnish Aces of World War 2 (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 23). London, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-783-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-783-X"><bdi>1-85532-783-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finnish+Aces+of+World+War+2+%28Osprey+Aircraft+of+the+Aces+23%29&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85532-783-X&rft.aulast=Stenman&rft.aufirst=Kari&rft.au=Kalevi+Keskinen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1969" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, John W.R. (1969). Messerschmitt Bf 109. New York, US: G.P. Putnam's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-03633-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-425-03633-2"><bdi>0-425-03633-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-425-03633-2&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=John+W.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonPeter_C._Smith2008" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J. Steve; Peter C. Smith (2008). Air Combat Manoeuvres. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903223-98-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903223-98-7"><bdi>978-1-903223-98-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Combat+Manoeuvres&rft.place=Hersham%2C+Surrey%2C+UK&rft.pub=Ian+Allan+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-903223-98-7&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J.+Steve&rft.au=Peter+C.+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Army_Air_Force2000" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Army Air Force (2000). German Aircraft and Armament: Informational Intelligence, Summary No. 44–32, October 1944 (Informational Intelligence Summary). New York, US: Brassey's Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57488-291-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57488-291-0"><bdi>1-57488-291-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Aircraft+and+Armament%3A+Informational+Intelligence%2C+Summary+No.+44%E2%80%9332%2C+October+1944+%28Informational+Intelligence+Summary%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Brassey%27s+Inc.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-57488-291-0&rft.au=U.S.+Army+Air+Force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogt" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vogt, Harald. Messerschmitt Bf 109 G/K Rüstsatze. Flugzeug Profile 21 (in German). Illertissen, Germany: Flugzeug Publikations GmbH.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109+G%2FK+R%C3%BCstsatze.+Flugzeug+Profile+21&rft.place=Illertissen%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Flugzeug+Publikations+GmbH&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeal2001" class="citation book cs1">Weal, John (2001). Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Oxford, UK: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-084-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-084-1"><bdi>978-1-84176-084-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bf+109+Aces+of+the+Russian+Front&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-084-1&rft.aulast=Weal&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeal1996" class="citation book cs1">Weal, John (1996). BF 109D/E Aces 1939–41. Oxford, UK: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-487-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-487-9"><bdi>978-1-85532-487-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BF+109D%2FE+Aces+1939%E2%80%9341&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-487-9&rft.aulast=Weal&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeal2000" class="citation book cs1">Weal, John (2000). Bf 109F/G/K Aces of the Western Front. Oxford, UK: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-905-8"><bdi>978-1-85532-905-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bf+109F%2FG%2FK+Aces+of+the+Western+Front&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-905-8&rft.aulast=Weal&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinchester2004" class="citation book cs1">Winchester, Jim (2004). Messerschmitt Bf 109. Kent, UK: Grange Books plc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-639-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-639-1"><bdi>1-84013-639-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messerschmitt+Bf+109&rft.place=Kent%2C+UK&rft.pub=Grange+Books+plc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84013-639-1&rft.aulast=Winchester&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMesserschmitt+Bf+109" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Bf_109&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bf_109_family" title="Template:Bf 109 family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bf_109_family" title="Template talk:Bf 109 family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bf_109_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bf 109 family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Messerschmitt_Bf_109_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt" title="Messerschmitt">Messerschmitt</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bf 109</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">Bf 108</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bf 109</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209" title="Messerschmitt Me 209">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">ST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">Me 155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">Bf 208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209_(1943)" title="Messerschmitt Me 209 (1943)">Me 209</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_309" title="Messerschmitt Me 309">Me 309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">Me 409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_509" title="Messerschmitt Me 509">Me 509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_609" title="Messerschmitt Me 609">Me 609</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">BV 155</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_151" title="Klemm Kl 151">Kl 151</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">C-44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avia_Motors" title="Avia Motors">Avia</a> (Czechoslovakia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">S-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">S-199</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Hispano Aviación">Hispano Aviación</a> (Spain)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">HA-1109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">HA-1110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">HA-1111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">HA-1112</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SNCAN" title="SNCAN">Nord</a> (France)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Noralpha" title="Nord Noralpha">Noralpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Pingouin" title="Nord Pingouin">Pingouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Noralpha" title="Nord Noralpha">Ramier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Replicas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurca_One-Oh-Nine" title="Jurca One-Oh-Nine">Jurca One-Oh-Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Aerospace_Me_109R" title="Peak Aerospace Me 109R">Peak Aerospace Me 109R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Me_109_Replica" title="Roland Me 109 Replica">Roland Me 109 Replica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.A.R._BF-109" title="W.A.R. BF-109">W.A.R. BF-109</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Aircraft in fiction">In fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_operational_history" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history">Operational history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_in_Yugoslav_service" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Yugoslav service">Yugoslav service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Messerschmitt_Bf_109s" title="List of surviving Messerschmitt Bf 109s">Survivors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">Variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209" title="Messerschmitt Me 209">Me 209 (1938)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bayerische_Flugzeugwerke_(BFW)_and_Messerschmitt_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Messerschmitt_aircraft" title="Template:Messerschmitt aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Messerschmitt_aircraft" title="Template talk:Messerschmitt aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Messerschmitt_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Messerschmitt aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bayerische_Flugzeugwerke_(BFW)_and_Messerschmitt_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt" title="Messerschmitt">Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) and Messerschmitt</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">BFW Idflieg designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFW_CL.I" title="BFW CL.I">CL.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_CL.I" title="BFW CL.I">CL.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_CL.I" title="BFW CL.I">CL.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_CL.I" title="BFW CL.I">CL.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_N.I" title="BFW N.I">N.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">BFW/Messerschmitt company designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_M_17" title="Messerschmitt M 17">M 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_M_18" title="Messerschmitt M 18">M 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.19" title="BFW M.19">M 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.20" title="BFW M.20">M 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.21" title="BFW M.21">M 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.22" title="BFW M.22">M 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.23" title="BFW M.23">M 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_M_24" title="Messerschmitt M 24">M 24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_M_25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt M 25 (page does not exist)">M 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.26" title="BFW M.26">M 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.27" title="BFW M.27">M 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_M_28" title="Messerschmitt M 28">M 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.29" title="BFW M.29">M 29</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_M_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt M 30 (page does not exist)">M 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.31" title="BFW M.31">M 31</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_M_33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt M 33 (page does not exist)">M 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.35" title="BFW M.35">M 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAR_Comercial" title="ICAR Comercial">M 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">M 37</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RLM designations 1933–1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">Bf 108</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bf 109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_110" title="Messerschmitt Bf 110">Bf 110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">Me 155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_161" title="Messerschmitt Bf 161">Bf 161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_162" title="Messerschmitt Bf 162">Bf 162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_163" title="Messerschmitt Bf 163">Bf 163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_163_Komet" title="Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet">Me 163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt-Caudron_MeC_164" title="Messerschmitt-Caudron MeC 164">MeC 164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_165" title="Messerschmitt Bf 165">Bf 165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209" title="Messerschmitt Me 209">Me 209</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_210" title="Messerschmitt Me 210">Me 210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_261" title="Messerschmitt Me 261">Me 261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">Me 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_263" title="Messerschmitt Me 263">Me 263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_264" title="Messerschmitt Me 264">Me 264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_265" title="Messerschmitt Me 265">Me 265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_309" title="Messerschmitt Me 309">Me 309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_310" title="Messerschmitt Me 310">Me 310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">Me 321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">Me 323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_328" title="Messerschmitt Me 328">Me 328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_329" title="Messerschmitt Me 329">Me 329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_334" title="Messerschmitt Me 334">Me 334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">Me 409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_410_Hornisse" title="Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse">Me 410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">ZMe 423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_509" title="Messerschmitt Me 509">Me 509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_609" title="Messerschmitt Me 609">Me 609</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Project numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Me_P_08.01&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt Me P 08.01 (page does not exist)">P 08.01</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P.1034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_264" title="Messerschmitt Me 264">P.1061</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_264" title="Messerschmitt Me 264">P.1062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_261" title="Messerschmitt Me 261">P.1064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">P.1065</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_P.1070&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt P.1070 (page does not exist)">P.1070</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_328" title="Messerschmitt Me 328">P.1073</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_P.1075&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt P.1075 (page does not exist)">P.1075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1079" title="Messerschmitt P.1079">P.1079</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">P.1091</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1092" title="Messerschmitt P.1092">P.1092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1095" title="Messerschmitt P.1095">P.1095</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1099" title="Messerschmitt P.1099">P.1099</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_P.1100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt P.1100 (page does not exist)">P.1100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1101" title="Messerschmitt P.1101">P.1101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1102" class="mw-redirect" title="Messerschmitt P.1102">P.1102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1103" title="Messerschmitt P.1103">P.1103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1103" title="Messerschmitt P.1103">P.1104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1106" title="Messerschmitt P.1106">P.1106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1107" title="Messerschmitt P.1107">P.1107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1108" title="Messerschmitt P.1108">P.1108</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_P.1109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt P.1109 (page does not exist)">P.1109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1110" title="Messerschmitt P.1110">P.1110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1111" title="Messerschmitt P.1111">P.1111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1112" title="Messerschmitt P.1112">P.1112</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">USAAC</a> designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">XC-44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> assigned names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">Aldon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Reich_Air_Ministry_(RLM)_aircraft_designations_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RLM_aircraft_designations" title="Template:RLM aircraft designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RLM_aircraft_designations" title="Template talk:RLM aircraft designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RLM_aircraft_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RLM aircraft designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reich_Air_Ministry_(RLM)_aircraft_designations_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/RLM_aircraft_designation_system" title="RLM aircraft designation system">Reich Air Ministry (RLM) aircraft designations</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_RLM_aircraft_designations" title="List of RLM aircraft designations">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1 to 100</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>8-11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_F2_Tiger" title="Fieseler F2 Tiger">Fi 2</a></li> <li>8-31</li> <li>8-41</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_5" title="Fieseler Fi 5">Fi 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_Model_6" title="DFS Model 6">DFS 6</a></li> <li>8-71</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ppingen_G%C3%B6_8" title="Göppingen Gö 8">Gö 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ppingen_G%C3%B6_9" title="Göppingen Gö 9">Gö 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_10" title="Dornier Do 10">Do 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_11" title="Dornier Do 11">Do 11</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hopfner_HA-11/33" title="Hopfner HA-11/33">Wn 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Z-XII" title="Zlín Z-XII">8-12</a>4/<a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_12" title="Dornier Do 12">Do 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_13" title="Dornier Do 13">Do 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_14" title="Dornier Do 14">Do 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_Y" title="Dornier Do Y">Do 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_J_Wal" title="Dornier Do J Wal">Do 16</a>/<a href="/wiki/WNF_Wn_16" title="WNF Wn 16">Wn 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_17" title="Dornier Do 17">Do 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_18" title="Dornier Do 18">Do 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_19" title="Dornier Do 19">Do 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_20" title="Dornier Do 20">Do 20</a></li> <li>8-211</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_22" title="Dornier Do 22">Do 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_23" title="Dornier Do 23">Do 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_24" title="Dornier Do 24">Do 24</a></li> <li>Do 253/<a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_25" title="Klemm Kl 25">Kl 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_26" title="Dornier Do 26">Do 26</a>/<a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_26" title="Klemm Kl 26">Kl 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFW_M.27" title="BFW M.27">8-27</a>/Do 273/<a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_26" title="Klemm Kl 26">Kl 27</a>5</li> <li>8-281</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akaflieg_Darmstadt_D-29" title="Akaflieg Darmstadt D-29">8-29</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_29_(1934)" title="Dornier Do 29 (1934)">Do 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cierva_C.30" title="Cierva C.30">Fw 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_31" title="Klemm Kl 31">Kl 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_32" title="Klemm Kl 32">Kl 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_33" title="Junkers W 33">Ju 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_34" title="Junkers W 34">Ju 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_35" title="Klemm Kl 35">Kl 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_36" title="Klemm Kl 36">Kl 36</a></li> <li>He 373</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_38" title="Heinkel HD 38">He 38</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_G.38" title="Junkers G.38">Ju 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippisch_Delta_IV" title="Lippisch Delta IV">DFS 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_40" title="Blohm & Voss BV 40">BV 40</a>/<a href="/wiki/DFS_40" title="DFS 40">DFS 40</a></li> <li>He 413</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_42" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 42">Fw 42</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_42" title="Heinkel He 42">He 42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_43_Falke" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 43 Falke">Fw 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_44_Stieglitz" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 44 Stieglitz">Fw 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_45" title="Heinkel He 45">He 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_46" title="Heinkel He 46">He 46</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_46" title="Junkers Ju 46">Ju 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_47_H%C3%B6hengeier" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 47 Höhengeier">Fw 47</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinkel_He_47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinkel He 47 (page does not exist)">He 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_K_47" title="Junkers K 47">Ju 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_49" title="Heinkel He 49">He 49</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_49" title="Junkers Ju 49">Ju 49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_50" title="Heinkel He 50">He 50</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_A50" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers A50">Ju 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_51" title="Heinkel He 51">He 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_51" title="Heinkel He 51">He 52</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Ju 52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_53" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers Ju 53">Ju 53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_228" title="DFS 228">DFS 54</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nagler-Rolz_NR_54" title="Nagler-Rolz NR 54">NR 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_L102" title="Albatros L102">Fw 55</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nagler-Rolz_NR_54" title="Nagler-Rolz NR 54">NR 55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_56_St%C3%B6sser" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 56 Stösser">Fw 56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">8-57</a>4/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_57" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 57">Fw 57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_58_Weihe" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 58 Weihe">Fw 58</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HE_12" title="Heinkel HE 12">He 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_59" title="Heinkel He 59">He 59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_60" title="Heinkel He 60">He 60</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_60" title="Junkers Ju 60">Ju 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_61" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 61">Fa 61</a>/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_61" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 61">Fw 61</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_45" title="Heinkel He 45">He 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_62" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 62">Fw 62</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_62" title="Heinkel He 62">He 62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potez_630" title="Potez 630">8-63</a>4/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_63" title="Heinkel He 63">He 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_64" title="Arado Ar 64">Ar 64</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_64" title="Heinkel He 64">He 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_65" title="Arado Ar 65">Ar 65</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinkel_He_65&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinkel He 65 (page does not exist)">He 65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_66" title="Arado Ar 66">Ar 66</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_50" title="Heinkel He 50">He 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_67" title="Arado Ar 67">Ar 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_68" title="Arado Ar 68">Ar 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_69" title="Arado Ar 69">Ar 69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70_Blitz" title="Heinkel He 70 Blitz">He 70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">8-71</a>4/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_71" title="Heinkel He 71">He 71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_72_Kadett" title="Heinkel He 72 Kadett">He 72</a></li> <li>He 733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_74" title="Heinkel He 74">He 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_L_75" title="Albatros L 75">Al 75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_76" title="Arado Ar 76">Ar 76</a>/<a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">FZG 76</a>6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_77" title="Arado Ar 77">Ar 77</a></li> <li>Ar 783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_79" title="Arado Ar 79">Ar 79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_80" title="Arado Ar 80">Ar 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_81" title="Arado Ar 81">Ar 81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.82" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.82">8-82</a>4</li> <li>8-831</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_L_84" title="Albatros L 84">Al 84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Ju 85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">Ju 86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Ju 87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Ju 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_89" title="Junkers Ju 89">Ju 89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_90" title="Junkers Ju 90">Ju 90</a></li> <li>Ju 913</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju_92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junkers Ju 92 (page does not exist)">Ju 92</a></li> <li>Ju 933</li> <li>Ju 943</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_95" title="Arado Ar 95">Ar 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_96" title="Arado Ar 96">Ar 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_97" title="Fieseler Fi 97">Fi 97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_98" title="Fieseler Fi 98">Fi 98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_99" title="Fieseler Fi 99">Fi 99</a></li> <li>Fi 1003/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_100" title="Heinkel He 100">He 100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">101 to 200</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_Al_101" title="Albatros Al 101">Al 101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_L102" title="Albatros L102">Al 102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_L103" title="Albatros L103">Al 103</a>/<a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">Fi 103</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_103R_Reichenberg" title="Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg">R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Fh_104_Hallore" title="Siebel Fh 104 Hallore">Fh 104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_105" title="Klemm Kl 105">Kl 105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_35" title="Klemm Kl 35">Kl 106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_107" title="Klemm Kl 107">Kl 107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">Bf 108</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bf 109</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209" title="Messerschmitt Me 209">Bf 109R</a>6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_110" title="Messerschmitt Bf 110">Bf 110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">He 111</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_119" title="Heinkel He 119">He 111U</a>6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">He 112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_113" title="Heinkel He 113">He 113</a>6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_114" title="Heinkel He 114">He 114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_115" title="Heinkel He 115">He 115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_116" title="Heinkel He 116">He 116</a></li> <li>He 1173/<a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_117" title="Henschel Hs 117">Hs 117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_118" title="Heinkel He 118">He 118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_119" title="Heinkel He 119">He 119</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinkel_He_120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinkel He 120 (page does not exist)">He 120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_121" title="Henschel Hs 121">Hs 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_122" title="Henschel Hs 122">Hs 122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_123" title="Henschel Hs 123">Hs 123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_124" title="Henschel Hs 124">Hs 124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_125" title="Henschel Hs 125">Hs 125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_126" title="Henschel Hs 126">Hs 126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_127" title="Henschel Hs 127">Hs 127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_130" title="Henschel Hs 130">Hs 128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_129" title="Henschel Hs 129">Hs 129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_130" title="Henschel Hs 130">Hs 130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">Bü 131</a></li> <li>Bü 1323/<a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_132" title="Henschel Hs 132">Hs 132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_133_Jungmeister" title="Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister">Bü 133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_134" title="Bücker Bü 134">Bü 134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger_Flugzeugbau_Ha_135" title="Hamburger Flugzeugbau Ha 135">Ha 135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger_Flugzeugbau_Ha_136" title="Hamburger Flugzeugbau Ha 136">Ha 136</a>/<a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCtter_H%C3%BC_136" title="Hütter Hü 136">Hü 136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger_Flugzeugbau_Ha_137" title="Hamburger Flugzeugbau Ha 137">Ha 137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_138" class="mw-redirect" title="Blohm & Voss BV 138">BV 138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_Ha_139" title="Blohm & Voss Ha 139">Ha 139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_Ha_140" title="Blohm & Voss Ha 140">Ha 140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_141" title="Blohm & Voss BV 141">BV 141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_Ha_142" title="Blohm & Voss Ha 142">BV 142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_143" title="Blohm & Voss BV 143">BV 143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_144" title="Blohm & Voss BV 144">BV 144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_145" title="Gotha Go 145">Go 145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_146" title="Gotha Go 146">Go 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_147" title="Gotha Go 147">Go 147</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju_147&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junkers Ju 147 (page does not exist)">Ju 147</a></li> <li>Go 1483</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_149" title="Gotha Go 149">Go 149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_150" title="Gotha Go 150">Go 150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_151" title="Klemm Kl 151">Kl 151</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klemm_Kl_152&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klemm Kl 152 (page does not exist)">Kl 152</a>/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_152" title="Focke-Wulf Ta 152">Ta 152</a></li> <li>Kl 1533/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_153" title="Focke-Wulf Ta 153">Ta 153</a></li> <li>Kl 1543/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_154_Moskito" title="Focke-Wulf Ta 154 Moskito">Ta 154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">BV 155</a>/Kl 1553/<a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">Me 155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_156_Storch" title="Fieseler Fi 156 Storch">Fi 156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_157" title="Fieseler Fi 157">Fi 157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_158" title="Fieseler Fi 158">Fi 158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_159" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 159">Fw 159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_160" title="Junkers Ju 160">Ju 160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_161" title="Messerschmitt Bf 161">Bf 161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_162" title="Messerschmitt Bf 162">Bf 162</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_162_Volksj%C3%A4ger" title="Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger">He 162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_163" title="Messerschmitt Bf 163">Bf 163</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_163_Komet" title="Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet">Li 163</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_163_Komet" title="Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet">Me 163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt-Caudron_MeC_164" title="Messerschmitt-Caudron MeC 164">Me 164/MeC 164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_165" title="Messerschmitt Bf 165">Bf 165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_166" title="Fieseler Fi 166">Fi 166</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kiel_FK_166" title="Kiel FK 166">FK 166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_167" title="Fieseler Fi 167">Fi 167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_168" title="Fieseler Fi 168">Fi 168</a></li> <li>Fi 1693</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70_Blitz" title="Heinkel He 70 Blitz">He 170</a></li> <li>He 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_72_Kadett" title="Heinkel He 72 Kadett">He 172</a></li> <li>He 1733</li> <li>He 1743</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloch_MB.170" title="Bloch MB.170">8-175</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_176" title="Heinkel He 176">He 176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_177_Greif" title="Heinkel He 177 Greif">He 177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_178" title="Heinkel He 178">He 178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_177_Greif" title="Heinkel He 177 Greif">He 179</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_180_Student" title="Bücker Bü 180 Student">Bü 180</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_280" title="Heinkel He 280">He 180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_181_Bestmann" title="Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann">Bü 181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_182_Kornett" title="Bücker Bü 182 Kornett">Bü 182</a></li> <li>Bü 1833/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_183" title="Focke-Wulf Ta 183">Ta 183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flettner_Fl_184" title="Flettner Fl 184">Fl 184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flettner_Fl_185" title="Flettner Fl 185">Fl 185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_186" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 186">Fw 186</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">Ju 186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_187_Falke" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 187 Falke">Fw 187</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_187" title="Junkers Ju 187">Ju 187</a>2</li> <li>Fw 1883/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_188" title="Junkers Ju 188">Ju 188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_189_Uhu" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 189 Uhu">Fw 189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Fw 190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_191" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 191">Fw 191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGO_Ao_192" title="AGO Ao 192">Ao 192</a></li> <li>Ao 1933/<a href="/wiki/DFS_193" title="DFS 193">DFS 193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_194" title="DFS 194">DFS 194</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_163_Komet" title="Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet">Me 194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_195" title="Arado Ar 195">Ar 195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_196" title="Arado Ar 196">Ar 196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_197" title="Arado Ar 197">Ar 197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_198" title="Arado Ar 198">Ar 198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_199" title="Arado Ar 199">Ar 199</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Fieseler_and_Skoda_FiSk_199" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">FiSk 199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Do 200</a>4,6/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_200_Condor" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor">Fw 200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">201 to 300</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Si_201" title="Siebel Si 201">Si 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Si_202_Hummel" title="Siebel Si 202 Hummel">Si 202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_230" title="DFS 230">DFS 203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Si_204" title="Siebel Si 204">Si 204</a></li> <li>8-2051</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_206" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 206">Fw 206</a></li> <li>8-2071</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">Me 208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209" title="Messerschmitt Me 209">Me 209 (I)</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_209_(1943)" title="Messerschmitt Me 209 (1943)">Me 209 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_210" title="Messerschmitt Me 210">Me 210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCtter_H%C3%BC_211" title="Hütter Hü 211">Hü 211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Z-XII" title="Zlín Z-XII">8-212</a>4/<a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_212" title="Dornier Do 212">Do 212</a></li> <li>8-2131</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_214" title="Dornier Do 214">Do 214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_215" title="Dornier Do 215">Do 215</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dornier_Do_216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dornier Do 216 (page does not exist)">Do 216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_217" title="Dornier Do 217">Do 217</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henschel_Hs_217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henschel Hs 217 (page does not exist)">Hs 217</a></li> <li>Do 2183</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_219_Uhu" title="Heinkel He 219 Uhu">He 219</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinkel_He_220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinkel He 220 (page does not exist)">He 220</a></li> <li>Do 2213</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_222_Wiking" title="Blohm & Voss BV 222 Wiking">BV 222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_223_Drache" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 Drache">Fa 223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_61" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 61">Fa 224</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AGO_Ao_225&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AGO Ao 225 (page does not exist)">Ao 225</a>/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_225" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 225">Fa 225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_246" title="Blohm & Voss BV 246">BV 226</a>/<a href="/wiki/Horten_H.VII" title="Horten H.VII">Ho 226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGP_227" title="FGP 227">FGP 227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_228" title="DFS 228">DFS 228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horten_Ho_229" title="Horten Ho 229">Go 229</a>/<a href="/wiki/Horten_Ho_229" title="Horten Ho 229">Ho 229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morane-Saulnier_MS.230" title="Morane-Saulnier MS.230">8-230</a>/<a href="/wiki/DFS_230" title="DFS 230">DFS 230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_231" title="Arado Ar 231">Ar 231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_232" class="mw-redirect" title="Arado Ar 232">Ar 232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_233" title="Arado Ar 233">Ar 233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_234_Blitz" title="Arado Ar 234 Blitz">Ar 234</a></li> <li>Do 2355</li> <li>Fa 2363</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_237" title="Blohm & Voss BV 237">BV 237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_238" title="Blohm & Voss BV 238">BV 238</a></li> <li>8-2391</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_240" title="Arado Ar 240">Ar 240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_241" title="Gotha Go 241">Go 241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_242" title="Gotha Go 242">Go 242</a></li> <li>Me 2433</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_244" title="Gotha Go 244">Go 244</a></li> <li>Go 2453</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_246" title="Blohm & Voss BV 246">BV 246</a></li> <li>8-2471</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_263" title="Messerschmitt Me 263">Ju 248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_238#BV_250" title="Blohm & Voss BV 238">BV 250</a>/<a href="/wiki/Horten_H.III" title="Horten H.III">Ho 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horten_H.IV" title="Horten H.IV">Ho 251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horten_H.V" title="Horten H.V">Ho 252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_252" title="Junkers Ju 252">Ju 252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_253" title="Fieseler Fi 253">Fi 253</a>/<a href="/wiki/Horten_H.VI" title="Horten H.VI">Ho 253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horten_H.VII" title="Horten H.VII">Ho 254</a>/<a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_254" title="Focke-Wulf Ta 254">Ta 254</a></li> <li>8-2551</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_156_Storch" title="Fieseler Fi 156 Storch">Fi 256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda-Kauba_SK_257" title="Škoda-Kauba SK 257">SK 257</a></li> <li>8-2581</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Focke-Wulf_Fw_259&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 259 (page does not exist)">Fw 259</a></li> <li>8-2601</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_261" title="Messerschmitt Me 261">Me 261</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">Me 261w</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">Me 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_321_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 321 Gigant">Me 263 (1941)</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">Me 263 (1942)</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_263" title="Messerschmitt Me 263">Me 263 (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_264" title="Messerschmitt Me 264">Me 264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flettner_Fl_265" title="Flettner Fl 265">Fl 265</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_265" title="Messerschmitt Me 265">Me 265</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Focke-Achgelis_Fa_266&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 266 (page does not exist)">Fa 266</a>/Go 2663</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horten_Ho_267&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horten Ho 267 (page does not exist)">Ho 267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_268" title="Junkers Ju 268">Ju 268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_269" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 269">Fa 269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70_Blitz" title="Heinkel He 70 Blitz">He 270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weserflug_We_271" title="Weserflug We 271">We 271</a></li> <li>He 2723</li> <li>He 2733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_274" title="Heinkel He 274">He 274</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinkel_He_275&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinkel He 275 (page does not exist)">He 275</a>5</li> <li>He 2763</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_277" title="Heinkel He 277">He 277</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinkel_He_278&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinkel He 278 (page does not exist)">He 278</a></li> <li>He 2793</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_280" title="Heinkel He 280">He 280</a></li> <li>He 2813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flettner_Fl_282" title="Flettner Fl 282">Fl 282</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Focke-Achgelis_Fa_283&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 283 (page does not exist)">Fa 283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_284" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 284">Fa 284</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flettner_Fl_285&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flettner Fl 285 (page does not exist)">Fl 285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">Ju 286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_287" title="Junkers Ju 287">Ju 287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Do 288</a>4,6/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_288" title="Junkers Ju 288">Ju 288</a></li> <li>Ju 2893</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_290" title="Junkers Ju 290">Ju 290</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henschel_Hs_291&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henschel Hs 291 (page does not exist)">Hs 291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argus_As_292" title="Argus As 292">As 292</a>/Hs 2923</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_293" title="Henschel Hs 293">Hs 293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_294" title="Henschel Hs 294">Hs 294</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henschel_Hs_295&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henschel Hs 295 (page does not exist)">Hs 295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_96" title="Arado Ar 96">Ar 296</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_293" title="Henschel Hs 293">Hs 296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_297" title="Henschel Hs 297">Hs 297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_298" title="Henschel Hs 298">Hs 298</a></li> <li>Ju 2993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_300" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 300">Fw 300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">301 to 349</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DFS_301&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DFS 301 (page does not exist)">DFS 301</a></li> <li>8-3021</li> <li>8-3031</li> <li>8-3041</li> <li>8-3051</li> <li>8-3061</li> <li>8-3071</li> <li>8-3081</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_309" title="Messerschmitt Me 309">Me 309</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_609" title="Messerschmitt Me 609">Zwilling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_310" title="Messerschmitt Me 310">Me 310</a></li> <li>8-3111</li> <li>8-3121</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.313" title="Caproni Ca.313">8-313</a>4</li> <li>8-3141</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henschel_Hs_315&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henschel Hs 315 (page does not exist)">Hs 315</a></li> <li>8-3161</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_317" title="Dornier Do 317">Do 317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_24" title="Dornier Do 24">Do 318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_219_Uhu" title="Heinkel He 219 Uhu">He 319</a></li> <li>Me 3203</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_321_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 321 Gigant">Me 321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_322" title="Junkers Ju 322">Ju 322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">Me 323</a>/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">ZMe 323</a></li> <li>8-3241</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_325" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 325">Fa 325</a>/Fw 3253</li> <li>8-3261</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_163_Komet" title="Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet">Me 327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_328" title="Messerschmitt Me 328">Me 328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_329" title="Messerschmitt Me 329">Me 329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_330" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 330">Fa 330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_331" title="DFS 331">DFS 331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_332" title="DFS 332">DFS 332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_333" title="Fieseler Fi 333">Fi 333</a></li> <li>Ar 3343/<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_334" title="Messerschmitt Me 334">Me 334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_335" title="Dornier Do 335">Do 335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Achgelis_Fa_330" title="Focke-Achgelis Fa 330">Fa 336</a></li> <li>Ju 3373</li> <li>8-3381</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flettner_Fl_339&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flettner Fl 339 (page does not exist)">Fl 339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_E.340" title="Arado E.340">Ar 340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T.H._Berlin-Charlottenburg_Model_B_9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T.H. Berlin-Charlottenburg Model B 9 (page does not exist)">8-341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doblhoff_WNF_342" title="Doblhoff WNF 342">WNF 342</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_343" title="Heinkel He 343">He 343</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhrstahl_X-4" title="Ruhrstahl X-4">Rk 344</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sombold_So_344" title="Sombold So 344">So 344</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_345" title="Gotha Go 345">Go 345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_346" title="DFS 346">DFS 346</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kramer_Rk_347&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kramer Rk 347 (page does not exist)">Rk 347</a></li> <li>8-3481</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachem_Ba_349_Natter" title="Bachem Ba 349 Natter">Ba 349</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-349 (non-sequential)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_352" title="Junkers Ju 352">Ju 352</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_156_Storch" title="Fieseler Fi 156 Storch">Fi 356</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju_356&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junkers Ju 356 (page does not exist)">Ju 356</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Me_362&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt Me 362 (page does not exist)">Me 362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_264" title="Messerschmitt Me 264">Me 364</a>2</li> <li>Me 3683</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_388" title="Junkers Ju 388">Ju 388</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_390" title="Junkers Ju 390">Ju 390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_191" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 191">Fw 391</a></li> <li>Ar 3933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_96" title="Arado Ar 96">Ar 396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_400" title="Focke-Wulf Ta 400">Ta 400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss_BV_155" title="Blohm & Voss BV 155">Me 409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_410_Hornisse" title="Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse">Me 410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_417" title="Dornier Do 417">Do 417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_219_Uhu" title="Heinkel He 219 Uhu">He 419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_323_Gigant" title="Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant">ZMe 423</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arado_Ar_430&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arado Ar 430 (page does not exist)">Ar 430</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gotha_Ka_430" title="Gotha Ka 430">Ka 430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_232" class="mw-redirect" title="Arado Ar 232">Ar 432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_335" title="Dornier Do 335">Do 435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_240" title="Arado Ar 240">Ar 440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudron_C.440_Go%C3%A9land" title="Caudron C.440 Goéland">8-445</a>4</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DFS_446&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DFS 446 (page does not exist)">DFS 446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_252" title="Junkers Ju 252">Ju 452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_P.1107" title="Messerschmitt P.1107">Me 462</a>2</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DFS_468&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DFS 468 (page does not exist)">DFS 468</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_488" title="Junkers Ju 488">Ju 488</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_191" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 191">Fw 491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_162_Volksj%C3%A4ger" title="Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger">He 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_509" title="Messerschmitt Me 509">Me 509</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_Me_510&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messerschmitt Me 510 (page does not exist)">Me 510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_119" title="Heinkel He 119">He 519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.520" title="Dewoitine D.520">8-520</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-SNCASO_ZSO_523" title="Zeppelin-SNCASO ZSO 523">ZSO 523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_232" class="mw-redirect" title="Arado Ar 232">Ar 532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_B-534" title="Avia B-534">8-534</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_335" title="Dornier Do 335">Do 535</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_335" title="Dornier Do 335">He 535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_AS-6" title="Sack AS-6">Me 600</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_609" title="Messerschmitt Me 609">Me 609</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_232" class="mw-redirect" title="Arado Ar 232">Ar 632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_335" title="Dornier Do 335">Do 635</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_335" title="Dornier Do 335">He 635</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_335" title="Dornier Do 335">Ju 635</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Not assigned</li> <li>2 Unofficial/proposed</li> <li>3 Assigned, but not used before RLM was dissolved</li> <li>4 Assigned to captured aircraft</li> <li>5 Unconfirmed</li> <li>6 Propaganda/cover designation</li></ul> Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix. </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Czechoslovak_Air_Force_trainer_aircraft_designations,_1945–1958" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Czech_trainer_aircraft" title="Template:Czech trainer aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Czech_trainer_aircraft" title="Template talk:Czech trainer aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Czech_trainer_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Czech trainer aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Czechoslovak_Air_Force_trainer_aircraft_designations,_1945–1958" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Air_Force" title="Czechoslovak Air Force">Czechoslovak Air Force</a> trainer aircraft designations, 1945–1958</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainer (Cvičný)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_35" title="Klemm Kl 35">C-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_96" title="Arado Ar 96">C-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Si_204" title="Siebel Si 204">C-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">C-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Z-26" title="Zlín Z-26">C-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_181_Bestmann" title="Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann">C-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_22" title="Zlín 22">C-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_J-3_Cub" title="Piper J-3 Cub">C-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_44_Stieglitz" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 44 Stieglitz">C-9</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-11" title="Yakovlev Yak-11">C-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_72_Kadett" title="Heinkel He 72 Kadett">C-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIA_FL.3" title="AVIA FL.3">C-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_44_Stieglitz" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 44 Stieglitz">C-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_Go_145" title="Gotha Go 145">C-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_66" title="Arado Ar 66">C-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praga_E-39" title="Praga E-39">C-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morane-Saulnier_MS.230" title="Morane-Saulnier MS.230">C-23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bene%C5%A1-Mr%C3%A1z_Be-250_Beta-Major&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beneš-Mráz Be-250 Beta-Major (page does not exist)">C-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_96" title="Arado Ar 96">C-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Fh_104_Hallore" title="Siebel Fh 104 Hallore">C-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Si_204" title="Siebel Si 204">C-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">C-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Z-26" title="Zlín Z-26">C-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_181_Bestmann" title="Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann">C-106</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_72_Kadett" title="Heinkel He 72 Kadett">C-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Z-26" title="Zlín Z-26">C-205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_181_Bestmann" title="Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann">C-206</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C-210</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bomber Trainer (Cvičný Bombardovací)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-2" title="Ilyushin Il-2">CB-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-2" title="Petlyakov Pe-2">CB-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-10" title="Ilyushin Il-10">CB-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">CB-36</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liaison Trainer (Cvičný Kurýři)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">CK-62</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter Trainer (Cvičný Stíhací)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">CS-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-5" title="Lavochkin La-5">CS-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">CS-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">CS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">CS-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">CS-199</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Armed_Forces_fighter_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_fighters" title="Template:Spanish fighters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_fighters" title="Template talk:Spanish fighters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_fighters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish fighters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Armed_Forces_fighter_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a> fighter designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caza (C) Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–53</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.32" title="Fiat CR.32">C.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Fury" title="Hawker Fury">C.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">C.3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C.4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.50_Freccia" title="Fiat G.50 Freccia">C.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMAM_Ro.41" title="IMAM Ro.41">C.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">C.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15">C.9</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_68" title="Arado Ar 68">C.11</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">C.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">C.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_HA-300" title="Helwan HA-300">C.15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1953–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.32" title="Fiat CR.32">C.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.50_Freccia" title="Fiat G.50 Freccia">C.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">C.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">C.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">C.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_HA-300" title="Helwan HA-300">C.6 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">C.6 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CASA/Heinkel_CH-101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CASA/Heinkel CH-101 (page does not exist)">C.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">C.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">C.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_HA-200" title="Hispano HA-200">C.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">C.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">C.12</a></li> <li>C.131</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_F1" title="Dassault Mirage F1">C.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">C.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">C.16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155639#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4139345-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85083981">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph117843&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012431032005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10666410">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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