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photocatalytic esterification</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: photocatalytic esterification"> <meta name="keywords" content="photocatalytic esterification"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="photocatalytic esterification"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 294</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: photocatalytic esterification</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil Using g-C3N4 Photocatalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elgendi">A. Elgendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Farag"> H. Farag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Ossman"> M. E. Ossman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abd-Elfatah"> M. Abd-Elfatah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the using of waste cooking oil (WCO) as an attractive option to reduce the raw material cost for the biodiesel production. This can be achieved through two steps; esterification using g-C3N4photocatalyst and then alkali transesterification. Several parameters have been studied to determine the yield of the biodiesel produced such as: Reaction time (2-6 hrs), catalyst concentration (0.3-1.5 wt.%), number of UV lamps (1or 3 lamps) and methanol: oil ratio (6:1-12:1). From the obtained results, the highest percentage yield was obtained using methanol: Oil molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst dosage 0.3%, time of 4 hrs and using 1 lamp. From the results it was clear that the produced biodiesel from waste cooking oil can be used as fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalyst" title=" heterogeneous catalyst"> heterogeneous catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20esterification" title=" photocatalytic esterification"> photocatalytic esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20cooking%20oil" title=" waste cooking oil"> waste cooking oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29226/biodiesel-production-from-waste-cooking-oil-using-g-c3n4-photocatalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Ferric Sulphate Catalyzed Esterification of High Free Fatty Acids Content Used Coconut Oil for Biodiesel Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Maheshika">G. N. Maheshika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20R.%20H.%20Wijerathna"> J. A. R. H. Wijerathna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20P.%20Gunawardena"> S. H. P. Gunawardena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feedstock with high free fatty acids (FFAs) content can be successfully employed for biodiesel synthesis once the high FFA content is reduced to the desired levels. In the present study, the applicability of ferric sulphate as the solid acid catalyst for esterification of FFA in used coconut oil was evaluated at varying catalyst concentration and methanol:oil molar ratios. 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0% w/w Fe2(SO4)3 on oil basis was used at methanol:oil ratios of 3:1, 4.5:1, and 6:1 and at the reaction temperature of 60 0C. The FFA reduction increased with the increase in catalyst and methanol:oil molar ratios while the time requirement to reach the esterification equilibrium reduced. Satisfactory results for esterification could be obtained within a small reaction period in the presence of only a small amount of Fe2(SO4)3 catalyst concentration and at low reaction temperature, which then can be subjected for trans-esterification process. At the end of the considering reaction period the solid Fe2(SO4)3 catalyst could be separated from the reaction system. The economics of the Fe2(SO4)3 catalyzed esterification of high FFA content used coconut oil for biodiesel is at favorable conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferric%20sulphate" title=" ferric sulphate"> ferric sulphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Free%20fatty%20acids" title=" Free fatty acids"> Free fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=used%20coconut%20oil" title=" used coconut oil"> used coconut oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17941/ferric-sulphate-catalyzed-esterification-of-high-free-fatty-acids-content-used-coconut-oil-for-biodiesel-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Simulation of Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B in Annular Photocatalytic Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatinder%20Kumar">Jatinder Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Bansal"> Ajay Bansal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simulation of a photocatalytic reactor helps in understanding the complex behavior of the photocatalytic degradation. Simulation also aids the designing and optimization of the photocatalytic reactor. Lack of simulation strategies is a huge hindrance in the commercialization of the photocatalytic technology. With the increased performance of computational resources, and development of simulation software, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is becoming an affordable engineering tool to simulate and optimize reactor designs. In the present paper, a CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) model for simulating the performance of an immobilized-titanium dioxide based annular photocatalytic reactor was developed. The computational model integrates hydrodynamics, species mass transport, and chemical reaction kinetics using a commercial CFD code Fluent 6.3.26. The CFD model was based on the intrinsic kinetic parameters determined experimentally in a perfectly mixed batch reactor. Rhodamine B, a complex organic compound, was selected as a test pollutant for photocatalytic degradation. It was observed that CFD could become a valuable tool to understand and improve the photocatalytic systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title="simulation">simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20%28CFD%29" title=" computational fluid dynamics (CFD)"> computational fluid dynamics (CFD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annular%20photocatalytic%20reactor" title=" annular photocatalytic reactor"> annular photocatalytic reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title=" titanium dioxide"> titanium dioxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27827/simulation-of-photocatalytic-degradation-of-rhodamine-b-in-annular-photocatalytic-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Visible-Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Molecules over ZnWO4-Bi2WO6 Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudarat%20Issarapanacheewin">Sudarat Issarapanacheewin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katcharin%20Wetchakun"> Katcharin Wetchakun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukon%20Phanichphant"> Sukon Phanichphant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiyong%20Kangwansupamonkon"> Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natda%20Wetchakun"> Natda Wetchakun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) in the presence of ZnWO4-Bi2WO6 composite under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm) were studied in this research. The structural and photophysical properties of ZnWO4-Bi2WO6 composite on the photocatalytic degradation process were investigated. The as-prepared ZnWO4-Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst exhibits wide absorption in the visible-light region and display superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities in degradation of MB and RhB. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to electron-hole separation with the appropriate band potential and the physicochemical properties of ZnWO4 and Bi2WO6. The main active species for the degradation of organic dyes were investigated to explain the enhancement of photocatalytic performance of ZnWO4-Bi2WO6 composite. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathway of aqueous MB and RhB dyes and charge transfer of ZnWO4-Bi2WO6 composite was proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyes" title=" dyes"> dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20activity" title=" photocatalytic activity"> photocatalytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnWO4-Bi2WO6" title=" ZnWO4-Bi2WO6"> ZnWO4-Bi2WO6</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58322/visible-light-induced-photocatalytic-degradation-of-dye-molecules-over-znwo4-bi2wo6-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil Using Trans-Esterification Process with Koh as a Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nafis%20Alfarizi">M. Nafis Alfarizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinda%20A.%20Utami"> Dinda A. Utami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20%20Hidayat"> Arif Hidayat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiesel is one solution to overcome the use of petroleum fuels. Many alternative feedstocks that can be used among which canola oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of canola oil and KOH for the trans-esterification reaction in biodiesel production. Canola oil has a very high purity that can be used as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production and expected it will be produced biodiesel with excellent quality. In this case of study, we used trans-esterification process wherein the triglyceride is reacted with an alcohol with KOH as a catalyst, and it will produce biodiesel and glycerol as byproduct and we choose trans-esterification process because canola oil has a 0,445% FFA content. The variables studied in this research include the comparison of canola oil and methanol, temperature, time, and the percent of catalyst used. In this study the method of analysis we use GCMS and FTIR to know what the characteristic in canola oil. Development of canola oil seems to be the perfect solution to produce high-quality biodiesel. The reaction conditions resulted in 97.87% -w methyl ester (biodiesel) product by using a 0.5% wt KOH catalyst with canola and methanol ratio 1:8 at 60°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canola%20oil" title=" canola oil"> canola oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KOH" title=" KOH"> KOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans-esterification" title=" trans-esterification"> trans-esterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66534/biodiesel-production-from-canola-oil-using-trans-esterification-process-with-koh-as-a-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Waste Bone Based Catalyst: Characterization and Esterification Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Keshav">Amit Keshav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste bone, produced in large quantity (8-10 kg./day) from a slaughterhouse, could be a cheap (cost $0.20 per kg) substitute for commercial catalysts. In the present work, catalyst for esterification reaction was prepared from waste bone and characterized by various techniques. Bone was deoiled and then sulfonated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of prepared catalyst predicted –OH vibration at 3416 and 1630 cm⁻¹, S-O stretching at 1124 cm⁻¹ and intense bands of hydroxypatite in a region between 500 and 700 cm⁻¹. X-ray diffraction (XRD) predicts peaks of hydroxyapatite, CaO, and tricalcium phosphate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to reveal the presence of non-uniformity deposited fine particles on the catalyst surface that represents active acidic sites. The prepared catalyst was employed to study its performance on esterification reaction between acrylic acid and ethanol in a molar ratio of 1:1 at a set temperature of 60 °C. Results show an equilibrium conversion of 49% which is matched to the commercial catalysts employed in literature. Thus waste bone could be a good catalyst for acrylic acid removal from waste industrial streams via the process of esterification.Keywords— Heterogeneous catalyst, characterization, esterification, equilibrium conversion <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalyst" title="heterogeneous catalyst">heterogeneous catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20conversion" title=" equilibrium conversion"> equilibrium conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112071/waste-bone-based-catalyst-characterization-and-esterification-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Experimental Assessment of Artificial Flavors Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Unis">M. Unis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Turky"> S. Turky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elalem"> A. Elalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Meshrghi"> A. Meshrghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with isopropnol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a homogenous catalyst was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 60,70 and 80°C and at a different molar ratio of isopropnol to acetic acid. Investigation of kinetics of the reaction indicated that the low of molar ratio is favored for esterification reaction, this is due to the reaction is catalyzed by acid. The maximum conversion, approximately 60.6% was obtained at 80°C for molar ratio of 1:3 acid : alcohol. It was found that increasing temperature of the reaction, increases the rate constant and conversion at a certain mole ratio, that is due to the esterification is exothermic. The homogenous reaction has been described with simple power-law model. The chemical equilibrium combustion calculated from the kinetic model in agreement with the measured chemical equilibrium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20flavors" title="artificial flavors">artificial flavors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20equilibria" title=" chemical equilibria"> chemical equilibria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal" title=" isothermal "> isothermal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18398/experimental-assessment-of-artificial-flavors-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil Using Reactive Distillation for Biodiesel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Dewi%20Kusumaningtyas">Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prima%20Astuti%20Handayani"> Prima Astuti Handayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief%20Budiman"> Arief Budiman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reactive Distillation (RD) is a multifunctional reactor which integrates chemical reaction with in situ separation to shift the equilibrium towards the product formation. Thus, it is suitable for equilibrium limited reaction such as esterification and transesterification to enhance the reaction conversion. In this work, the application of RD for high FFA oil esterification-transterification for biodiesel production using sulphuric acid catalyst has been studied. Crude Jatropha Oil with FFA content of 30.57% was utilized as the feedstock. Effects of the catalyst concentration and molar ratio of the alcohol to oils were also investigated. It was revealed that best result was obtained with sulphuric acid catalyst (reaction conversion of 94.71% and FFA content of 1.62%) at 60C, molar ratio of methanol to FFA of 30:1, and catalyst loading of 3%. After undergoing esterification reaction, jatropha oil was then transesterified to produce biodiesel. Transesterification reaction was performed in the presence of NaOH catalyst in RD column at 60C, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 6:1, and catalyst concentration of 1%. It demonstrated that biodiesel produced in this work agreed with the Indonesian National and ASTM standard of fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20distillation" title="reactive distillation">reactive distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9418/simultaneous-esterification-and-transesterification-of-high-ffa-jatropha-oil-using-reactive-distillation-for-biodiesel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Toluene: Effects of Operational Variables on Efficiency Rate of TiO2 Coated on Nickel Foam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Akbari">Jafar Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Rismanchian"> Masoud Rismanchian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Ramezani"> Samira Ramezani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is a novel technology with various advantages such as high efficiency and energy saving. In this research, the effects of operational variables on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ coated on nickel foam in the removal of toluene from the simulated indoor air have been investigated. Methods: TiO₂ film were prepared via the sol-gel method and coated on nickel foam. The characteristics and morphology were found using XRD, SEM, and BET technique. Then, the effects of relative humidity, UV-A intensity, the initial toluene concentration, TiO₂ loading, and the air circulation velocity on the photocatalytic degradation rate have been evaluated. Results: The optimal degradation of toluene has been achieved with loading 4.35 g TiO2 on the foam, 30% RH, 5.4 µW.cm−2 UV-A intensity, and 20 ppm initial concentration in the air circulation velocity of 0.15 fpm. Conclusion: The changes of toluene photocatalytic degradation rate have been studied at various times. Also, the kinetic behavior of toluene photocatalytic degradation has been investigated using Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title="photocatalytic degradation">photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20variables" title=" operational variables"> operational variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tio%E2%82%82" title=" tio₂"> tio₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20foam" title=" nickel foam"> nickel foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaseous%20toluene" title=" gaseous toluene"> gaseous toluene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166121/photocatalytic-degradation-of-gaseous-toluene-effects-of-operational-variables-on-efficiency-rate-of-tio2-coated-on-nickel-foam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Synthesis of DHA Rich Glycerides with Immobilized Lipases from Mucor miehei and Rhizopus oryzae </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyendra%20P.%20Chaurasia">Satyendra P. Chaurasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditi%20Sharma"> Aditi Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20K.%20Dalai"> Ajay K. Dalai </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The esterification of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with glycerol using immobilized Mucor mie-hei lipase (MML) and Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) have been studied in the present paper to synthesize triglycerides (TG) rich in DHA. Both immobilized lipases (MML and ROL), and their support materials (immobead-150 and ion-exchange resin) were characterized and compared for surface properties with BET, for chemical functional groups with FT-IR, and for particle size distribution with particle size analyzer. The most suitable reaction conditions for synthesis of DHA rich TG in biphasic solvent system were found as 1:3 (wt/wt) glycerol to DHA ratio, 1:1 (wt/wt) buffer to DHA ratio, 1:1 (wt/wt) solvent to DHA ratio at 50 ºC temperature, and 600 rpm speed of agitation with 100 mg of immobilized lipases. Maximum 95.9 % esterification was obtained with immobilized MML in 14 days reaction with formation of 65.7 wt% DHA rich TG. Whereas, immobilized ROL has shown formation of only 23.8 wt% DHA rich TG with total 78.9 % esterification in 15 days. Additionally, repeated use of both immobilized lipases was con-ducted up to five cycles, indicated 50.4% and 41.2 % activity retention after fifth repeated use of immobilized MML and ROL, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHA" title="DHA">DHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20Mucor%20miehei%20lipase" title=" immobilized Mucor miehei lipase"> immobilized Mucor miehei lipase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhizopus%20oryzae%20lipase" title=" Rhizopus oryzae lipase"> Rhizopus oryzae lipase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30020/synthesis-of-dha-rich-glycerides-with-immobilized-lipases-from-mucor-miehei-and-rhizopus-oryzae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Ta-doped Nb2O5: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendrasingh%20J.%20Pawar">Mahendrasingh J. Pawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20Gaoner"> M. D. Gaoner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ta-doped Nb2O5 (Ta content 0.5-2% mole fraction) nanoparticles in the range of 20-40 nm were synthesized by combustion technique. The crystalline phase, morphology and size of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The specific surface area of the nanoparticles was measured by nitrogen adsorption (BET analysis). The undoped Nb2O5 nanoparticles were found to have the particles size in the range of 50−80 nm. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was characterized by degrading 20 mg/L toluene under UV−Vis irradiation. The results show that the Ta-doped Nb2O5 nanoparticles exhibit a significant increase in photocatalytic performance over the undoped Nb2O5 nanoparticles, and the Nb2O5 nanoparticles doped with 1.5% Ta and calcined at 450°C show the best photocatalytic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nb2O5" title="Nb2O5">Nb2O5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ta-doped%20Nb2O5" title=" Ta-doped Nb2O5"> Ta-doped Nb2O5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation%20of%20Toluene" title=" photodegradation of Toluene"> photodegradation of Toluene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20method" title=" combustion method"> combustion method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35394/ta-doped-nb2o5-synthesis-and-photocatalytic-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Esterification Reaction of Stearic Acid with Methanol Over Surface Functionalised PAN Fibrous Solid Acid Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawaz%20A.%20Ahmed">Rawaz A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katherine%20Huddersman"> Katherine Huddersman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-lipid Fats, Oils and Grease (FOGs) from wastewater are underutilized despite their potential for conversion into valuable fuels; this work describes a surface-functionalized fibrous Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) mesh as a novel heterogeneous acid catalyst for the conversion of free fatty acids (FFAs), via a catalytic esterification process into biodiesel. The esterification of stearic acid (SA) with methanol was studied over an acidified PAN solid acid catalyst. Disappearance of the carboxylic acid (C=O) peak of the stearic acid at 1696 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectrum with the associated appearance of the ester (C=O) peak at 1739 cm-1 confirmed the production of the methyl stearate. This was further supported by 1H NMR spectra with the appearance of the ester (-CH₂OCOR) at 3.60-3.70 ppm. Quantitate analysis by GC-FID showed the catalyst has excellent activity with >95 % yield of methyl stearate (MS) at 90 ◦C after 3 h and a molar ratio of methanol to SA of 35:1. To date, to our best knowledge, there is no research in the literature on the esterification reaction for biodiesel production using a modified PAN mesh as a catalyst. It is noteworthy that this acidified PAN mesh catalyst showed comparable activity to conventional Brönsted acids, namely H₂SO₄ and p-TSA, as well as exhibiting higher activity than various other heterogeneous catalysts such as zeolites, ion-exchange resins and acid clay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fats%20oil%20and%20greases%20%28FOGs%29" title="fats oil and greases (FOGs)">fats oil and greases (FOGs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20fatty%20acid" title=" free fatty acid"> free fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification%20reaction" title=" esterification reaction"> esterification reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20ester" title=" methyl ester"> methyl ester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAN" title=" PAN"> PAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148009/esterification-reaction-of-stearic-acid-with-methanol-over-surface-functionalised-pan-fibrous-solid-acid-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Photocatalytic Glucose Electrooxidation Applications of Titanium Dioxide Supported CD and CdTe Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilal%20%20Kivrak">Hilal Kivrak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aykut%20%C3%87a%C4%9FLar"> Aykut ÇağLar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahit%20Akta%C5%9F"> Nahit Aktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Osman%20Solak"> Ali Osman Solak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, Cd/TiO₂ and CdTe/TiO₂ catalysts are prepared via sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction method. These catalysts are characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These Cd/TiO₂ and CdTe/TiO₂ are employed as catalysts for the photocatalytic oxidation of glucose. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are used to investigate their glucose electrooxidation activities of catalysts at long and under UV illumination (ʎ=354 nm). CdTe/TiO₂ catalyst is showed the best photocatalytic glucose electrooxidation activity compared to Cd/TiO₂ catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaBH4%20reduction%20method" title=" NaBH4 reduction method"> NaBH4 reduction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20glucose%20electrooxidation" title=" photocatalytic glucose electrooxidation"> photocatalytic glucose electrooxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tellerium" title=" Tellerium"> Tellerium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2" title=" TiO2"> TiO2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124317/photocatalytic-glucose-electrooxidation-applications-of-titanium-dioxide-supported-cd-and-cdte-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Efficiency of Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene and Benzene by a Photocatalytic Textile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Younsi">Z. Younsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Koufi"> L. Koufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gidik"> H. Gidik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lahem"> D. Lahem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Wim%20Thielemans"> W. Wim Thielemans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the efficiency of photocatalytic textile to remove the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) present in indoor air. Functionalization of the fabric was achieved by adding a photocatalyst material active in the visible spectrum of light. This is a modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst doped with non-metal ions synthesized via sol-gel process, which should allow the degradation of the pollutants – ideally into H₂O and CO₂ – using photocatalysis based on visible light and no additionnal external energy source. The visible light photocatalytic activity of textile sample was evaluated for toluene and benzene gaseous removal, under the visible irradiation, in a test chamber with the total volume of 1m³. The suggested approach involves experimental investigations of the global behavior of the photocatalytic textile. The experimental apparatus permits simultaneous measurements of the degradation of pollutants and presence of eventually formed by-products. It also allows imposing and measuring concentration variations with respect to selected time scales in the test chamber. The observed results showed that the amount of TiO₂ incorporation improved the photocatalytic efficiency of functionalized textile significantly under visible light. The results obtained with such textile are very promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene" title="benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%E2%82%86H%E2%82%86" title=" C₆H₆"> C₆H₆</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20fabrics" title=" textile fabrics"> textile fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title=" titanium dioxide"> titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82" title=" TiO₂"> TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toluene" title=" toluene"> toluene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%E2%82%87H%E2%82%88" title=" C₇H₈"> C₇H₈</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visible%20light" title=" visible light"> visible light</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94917/efficiency-of-visible-light-induced-photocatalytic-oxidation-of-toluene-and-benzene-by-a-photocatalytic-textile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Produced Water Hydrocarbon of an Oil Field by Using Ag-Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Bazrafshan">Hamed Bazrafshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Dabirnia"> Saeideh Dabirnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Alipour%20Tesieh"> Zahra Alipour Tesieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Alavi"> Samaneh Alavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Dabir"> Bahram Dabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the removal of pollutants of a real produced water sample from an oil reservoir (a light oil reservoir), using a photocatalytic degradation process in a cylindrical glass reactor, was investigated. Using TiO₂ and Ag-TiO₂ in slurry form, the photocatalytic degradation was studied by measuring the COD parameter, qualitative analysis, and GC-MS. At first, optimization of the parameters on photocatalytic degradation of hydrocarbon pollutants in real produced water, using TiO₂ nanoparticles as photocatalysts under UV light, was carried out applying response surface methodology. The results of the design of the experiment showed that the optimum conditions were at a catalyst concentration of 1.14 g/lit and pH of 2.67, and the percentage of COD removal was 72.65%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalyst" title="photocatalyst">photocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag-doped" title=" Ag-doped"> Ag-doped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82" title=" TiO₂"> TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=produced%20water" title=" produced water"> produced water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149150/photocatalytic-degradation-of-produced-water-hydrocarbon-of-an-oil-field-by-using-ag-doped-tio2-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol by Fe-Doped Tio2 under Solar Simulated Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Gar%20Alalm">Mohamed Gar Alalm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinichi%20Ookawara"> Shinichi Ookawara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Tawfik"> Ahmed Tawfik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, photocatalytic oxidation of phenol by iron (Fe+2) doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) was studied. The source of irradiation was solar simulated light under measured UV flux. The effect of light intensity, pH, catalyst loading, and initial concentration of phenol were investigated. The maximum removal of phenol at optimum conditions was 78%. The optimum pH was 5.3. The most effective degradation occurred when the catalyst dosage was 600 mg/L. increasing the initial concentration of phenol decreased the degradation efficiency due to the deactivation of active sites by additional intermediates. Phenol photocatalytic degradation moderately fitted to the pseudo-first order kinetic equation approximated from Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol" title="phenol">phenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic" title=" photocatalytic"> photocatalytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title=" titanium dioxide "> titanium dioxide </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21418/photocatalytic-degradation-of-phenol-by-fe-doped-tio2-under-solar-simulated-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Characterization of Iron Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Its Photocatalytic Degradation Ability for Congo Red Dye</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishakha%20Parihar">Vishakha Parihar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reports the preparation of iron metal-doped nanoparticles of Titanium dioxide by the sol-gel process and the photocatalytic degradation of dye. Nano-particles were characterized by SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The detailed study confirmed that nanoparticles have grown in high density and have good optical properties. The photocatalytic batch experiment was performed in an aqueous solution where congo red dye was used as a dye pollutant under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays created by using a mercury lamp source. Total degradation efficiency achieved was approximately 85% to 93% in the duration of 100-120 minutes of irradiation under an ultraviolet light source. The decolorization ability of this process was measured by absorbance at a maximum wavelength of 498nm. The results indicated that the iron-doped Titanium dioxide nanoparticles showed an excellent photocatalytic response to the degradation of dye under the ultraviolet light source within a very short period of time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title="titanium dioxide">titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particles%20iron%20dope" title=" nano-particles iron dope"> nano-particles iron dope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Congo%20red%20dye" title=" Congo red dye"> Congo red dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20process" title=" sol-gel process"> sol-gel process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129520/characterization-of-iron-doped-titanium-dioxide-nanoparticles-and-its-photocatalytic-degradation-ability-for-congo-red-dye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Photocatalytic Activity of Polypyrrole/ZnO Composites for Degradation of Dye Reactive Red 45 in Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ljerka%20Kratofil%20Krehula">Ljerka Kratofil Krehula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanja%20Gilja"> Vanja Gilja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Husak"> Andrea Husak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snije%C5%BEana%20%C5%A0uka"> Sniježana Šuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zlata%20Hrnjak-Murgi%C4%87"> Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc oxide (ZnO) can be used as photocatalysts for water purification. However, one particular interest is given on the integration of inorganic ZnO nanoclusters with conducting polymers because the resulting nanocomposites may possess unique properties and enhanced photocatalytic activity in comparison to pure ZnO, using UV and also visible light. It is needed to explore the appropriate structure of polypyrrole that can induce activation of ZnO photocatalyst since the synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid materials can result in a synergistic and complementary feature, increasing ZnO photocatalytic efficiency. In this paper several different composites of polypyrrole/zinc oxide (ZnO) were studied. Composite samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic efficiency of prepared samples was studied as a decomposition of Reactive Red 45 (RR 45) dye, which was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy as a change in absorbance of characteristic wavelength at 542 nm. Results show good photocatalytic efficiency of all nanocomposite samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title="photocatalysis">photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypyrrole" title=" polypyrrole"> polypyrrole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46730/photocatalytic-activity-of-polypyrrolezno-composites-for-degradation-of-dye-reactive-red-45-in-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Graphitic Carbon Nitride-CeO₂ Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Red</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khansaa%20Al-Essa">Khansaa Al-Essa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanosized ceria (CeO₂) and graphitic carbon nitride-loaded ceria (CeO₂/GCN) nanocomposite have been synthesized by the coprecipitation method and studied its photocatalytic activity for methyl red degradation under Visible type radiation. A phase formation study was carried out by using an x-ray diffraction technique, and it revealed that ceria (CeO₂) is properly supported on the surface of GCN. Ceria nanoparticles and CeO₂/GCN nanocomposite were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy technique. The particle size of the CeO₂, CeO₂/GCN nanocomposite is in the range of 10-15 nm. Photocatalytic activity of the CeO₂/g-C3N4 composite was improved as compared to CeO₂. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the increased visible light absorption and improved adsorption of the dye on the surface of the composite catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title="photodegradation">photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphitic%20carbon%20nitride-CeO%E2%82%82" title=" graphitic carbon nitride-CeO₂"> graphitic carbon nitride-CeO₂</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189432/graphitic-carbon-nitride-ceo2-nanocomposite-for-photocatalytic-degradation-of-methyl-red" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Study of Biofuel Produced by Babassu Oil Fatty Acids Esterification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20F.%20da%20Ponte">F. A. F. da Ponte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Q.%20Malveira"> J. Q. Malveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20A.%20Maciel"> I. A. Maciel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20G.%20Albuquerque"> M. C. G. Albuquerque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work aviation, biofuel production was studied by fatty acids (C6 to C16) esterification. The process variables in heterogeneous catalysis were evaluated using an experimental design. Temperature and reaction time were the studied parameters, and the methyl esters content was the response of the experimental design. An ion exchange resin was used as a heterogeneous catalyst. The process optimization was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) and polynomial model of second order. Results show that the most influential variables on the linear coefficient of each effect studied were temperature and reaction time. The best result of methyl esters conversion in the experimental design was under the conditions: 10% wt of catalyst; 100 °C and 4 hours of reaction. The best-achieved conversion was 96.5% wt of biofuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title="esterification">esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-exchange%20resins" title=" ion-exchange resins"> ion-exchange resins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title=" biofuel"> biofuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34311/study-of-biofuel-produced-by-babassu-oil-fatty-acids-esterification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A Using ZnO Nanoparticles as Catalyst under UV/Solar Light: Effect of Different Parameters and Kinetic Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farida%20Kaouah">Farida Kaouah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chahida%20Oussalah"> Chahida Oussalah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassila%20Hachi"> Wassila Hachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Boumaza"> Salim Boumaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Trari"> Mohamed Trari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A catalyst of ZnO nanoparticles was used in the photocatalytic process of treatment for potential use towards bisphenol A (BPA) degradation in an aqueous solution. To achieve this study, the effect of parameters such as the catalyst dose, initial concentration of BPA and pH on the photocatalytic degradation of BPA was studied. The results reveal that the maximum degradation (more than 93%) of BPA occurred with ZnO catalyst in 120 min of stirring at natural pH (7.1) under solar light irradiation. It was found that chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction takes place at a faster rate under solar light as compared to that of UV light. The kinetic studies were achieved and revealed that the photocatalytic degradation process obeyed a Langmuir–Hinshelwood model and followed a pseudo-first order rate expression. This work envisages the great potential that sunlight mediated photocatalysis has in the removal of bisphenol A from wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bisphenol%20A" title="bisphenol A">bisphenol A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunlight" title=" sunlight"> sunlight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langmuir%E2%80%93Hinshelwood%20model" title=" Langmuir–Hinshelwood model"> Langmuir–Hinshelwood model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20oxygen%20demand" title=" chemical oxygen demand"> chemical oxygen demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108721/photocatalytic-degradation-of-bisphenol-a-using-zno-nanoparticles-as-catalyst-under-uvsolar-light-effect-of-different-parameters-and-kinetic-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat Using Trans-Esterification Process with Zeolite as a Solid Catalyst to Improve the Efficiency of Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinda%20A.%20Utami">Dinda A. Utami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20N.%20Alfarizi"> Muhammad N. Alfarizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of zeolite catalyst for the trans- esterification reaction in biodiesel production from animal fat. The ability of the zeolite as a catalyst is determined by the structure and composition of the zeolite. An important factor that determines the properties of zeolites in catalysis includes adsorption capability to the compound of the reactants. Zeolites with a pore size of specific properties selectively adsorbing molecules. A molecule can be adsorbed by either the zeolite cavities if the size and shape of the molecule in accordance with the size and shape of the cavity in the zeolite. At this time, it is common to use homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel. We know these catalysts have some disadvantages in its use. Such as the difficulty of separation of the product with the catalyst, the generation of waste that is harmful to the environment due to residual catalysts can’t be reused, and the difficulty of handling and storage. But nowadays, solid catalyst developed technically to improve the efficiency of biodiesel production. In this case of study, we used trans-esterification process wherein the triglyceride is reacted with an alcohol with zeolite as a solid catalyst and it will produce biodiesel and glycerol as a byproduct. Development of solid catalyst seems to be the perfect solution to address the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20fat" title=" animal fat"> animal fat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans%20esterification" title=" trans esterification"> trans esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20catalyst" title=" zeolite catalyst"> zeolite catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59341/biodiesel-production-from-animal-fat-using-trans-esterification-process-with-zeolite-as-a-solid-catalyst-to-improve-the-efficiency-of-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> Preparation and Characterization of the TiO₂ Photocatalytic Membrane for the Degradation of Reactive Orange 16 Dye</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Sakarkar">Shruti Sakarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jega%20Jegatheesan"> Jega Jegatheesan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasan%20Madapusi"> Srinivasan Madapusi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photocatalytic membranes have shown great potential for the removal of an organic and inorganic pollutant from wastewater as it combines the degradation and antibacterial properties from photocatalysis and physical separation by the membrane in a single unit. Incorporation of the semiconductor in membrane structure results in enhancing the performance and the properties of the membrane. In this study porous ultrafiltration polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with entrapped TiO₂ nanoparticle were prepared by phase inversion method and further used for the degradation of reactive orange 16 (RO16). Prepared photocatalytic membranes were characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), contact angle, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The addition of TiO₂ nanopartparticles improves the strength and thermal stability of the membrane. In particular hydrophilicity and permeability increases with the increase of TiO₂ nanoparticles into the membrane. The photocatalytic membrane achieves 80-85% degrdation of RO16. The impact of different parameters such as pH, concentration of photocatalyst, dye concentration and effect of H₂O₂ were analysed. The best conditions for dye degradation were an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, with a membrane containing TiO₂ loading of 2wt%. It was observed that in the presence of H₂O₂, degradation increases with increasing H₂O₂ concentration and reached up to 95-98%. The high quality permeates obtained from the photocatalytic membrane can be reused. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20membrane" title="photocatalytic membrane">photocatalytic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82" title=" TiO₂"> TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDF" title=" PVDF"> PVDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103807/preparation-and-characterization-of-the-tio2-photocatalytic-membrane-for-the-degradation-of-reactive-orange-16-dye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using Cuprous Oxide/Graphene Nanocomposite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bekan%20Bogale">Bekan Bogale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegaye%20Girma%20Asere"> Tsegaye Girma Asere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tilahun%20Yai"> Tilahun Yai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fekadu%20Melak"> Fekadu Melak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: To study photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye on cuprous oxide/graphene nanocomposite. Background: Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles are among the metal oxides that demonstrated photocatalytic activity. However, the stability of Cu2O nanoparticles due to the fast recombination rate of electron/hole pairs remains a significant challenge in their photocatalytic applications. This, in turn, leads to mismatching of the effective bandgap separation, tending to reduce the photocatalytic activity of the desired organic waste (MB). To overcome these limitations, graphene has been combined with cuprous oxides, resulting in cuprous oxide/graphene nanocomposite as a promising photocatalyst. Objective: In this study, Cu2O/graphene nanocomposite was synthesized and evaluated for its photocatalytic performance of methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. Method: Cu2O/graphene nanocomposites were synthesized from graphite powder and copper nitrate using the facile sol-gel method. Batch experiments have been conducted to assess the applications of the nanocomposites for MB degradation. Parameters such as contact time, catalyst dosage, and pH of the solution were optimized for maximum MB degradation. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The photocatalytic performance of Cu2O/graphene nanocomposites was compared against Cu2O nanoparticles for cationic MB dye degradation. Results: Cu2O/graphene nanocomposite exhibits higher photocatalytic activity for MB degradation (with a degradation efficiency of 94%) than pure Cu2O nanoparticles (67%). This has been accomplished after 180 min of irradiation under visible light. The kinetics of MB degradation by Cu2O/graphene composites can be demonstrated by the second-order kinetic model. The synthesized nanocomposite can be used for more than three cycles of photocatalytic MB degradation. Conclusion: This work indicated new insights into Cu2O/graphene nanocomposite as high-performance in photocatalysis to degrade MB, playing a great role in environmental protection in relation to MB dye. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylene%20blue" title="methylene blue">methylene blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuprous%20oxide" title=" cuprous oxide"> cuprous oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20nanocomposite" title=" graphene nanocomposite"> graphene nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149875/photocatalytic-degradation-of-methylene-blue-dye-using-cuprous-oxidegraphene-nanocomposite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> Effect of Precursors Aging Time on the Photocatalytic Activity of Zno Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kaneva">N. Kaneva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bojinova"> A. Bojinova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Papazova"> K. Papazova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin ZnO films are deposited on glass substrates via sol–gel method and dip-coating. The films are prepared from zinc acetate dehydrate as a starting reagent. After that the as-prepared ZnO sol is aged for different periods (0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 days). Nanocrystalline thin films are deposited from various sols. The effect ZnO sols aging time on the structural and photocatalytic properties of the films is studied. The films surface is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The effect of the aging time of the starting solution is studied inrespect to photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by UV-vis spectroscopy. The experiments are conducted upon UV-light illumination and in complete darkness. The variation of the absorption spectra shows the degradation of RB5 dissolved in water, as a result of the reaction acurring on the surface of the films, and promoted by UV irradiation. The initial concentrations of dye (5, 10 and 20 ppm) and the effect of the aging time are varied during the experiments. The results show, that the increasing aging time of starting solution with respect to ZnO generally promotes photocatalytic activity. The thin films obtained from ZnO sol, which is aged 30 days have best photocatalytic degradation of the dye (97,22%) in comparison with the freshly prepared ones (65,92%). The samples and photocatalytic experimental results are reproducible. Nevertheless, all films exhibit a substantial activity in both UV light and darkness, which is promising for the development of new ZnO photocatalysts by sol-gel method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%20thin%20films" title="ZnO thin films">ZnO thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20time" title=" aging time"> aging time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20227/effect-of-precursors-aging-time-on-the-photocatalytic-activity-of-zno-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> The Effect of Additives on Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Ag-TiO₂ Nanocomposite Prepared via Sol-Gel Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Raeis%20Farshid">S. Raeis Farshid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Raeis%20Farshid"> B. Raeis Farshid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ag-TiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel method with and without additives such as carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and hydroxyl propyl cellulose (HPC). The characteristics of the prepared Ag-TiO₂ nanocomposites were identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The additives have a significant effect on the particle size distribution and photocatalytic activity of Ag-TiO₂ nanocomposites. SEM images have shown that the particle size distribution of Ag-TiO₂ nanocomposite in the presence of HPC was the best in comparison to the other samples. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was investigated for decolorization of methyl orange (MO) in water under UV-irradiation in a batch reactor, and the results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites had been increased by CMC, PEG, PVP, and HPC, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title="sol-gel method">sol-gel method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag-TiO%E2%82%82" title=" Ag-TiO₂"> Ag-TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decolorization" title=" decolorization"> decolorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalyst" title=" photocatalyst"> photocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147280/the-effect-of-additives-on-characterization-and-photocatalytic-activity-of-ag-tio2-nanocomposite-prepared-via-sol-gel-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Ag Doped La₂Ti₂O₇</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Zhang">Hong Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photocatalytic degradation is an appealing process to remove organic contaminants from industrial wastewater, but usually impeded by less effective photocatalysts. Here, we successfully synthesized Ag doped La₂Ti₂O₇ via a simple sol-gel route for photocatalytic methyl orange (MO) degradation. Their crystal structures, morphology, surface area and optical absorption activity were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, BET N₂ adsorption-desorption study, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by MO photodegradation under a 300 W xenon lamp. The results indicate that the doping of Ag has effectively narrowed the band gap, increased the specific area of La2Ti2O7, and supressed the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Compared with the pristine La₂Ti₂O₇, La₁.₉Ag₀.₁Ti₂O₇-δ revealed a superior performance for MO degradation with a degradation rate of 97% in only 60 min. Also, the pseudo-first order kinetic constant for La₁.₉Ag₀.₁Ti₂O₇-δ is ~ 11 times higher than that of undoped sample. The outstanding performance of Ag modified La₂Ti₂O₇ is probably attributed to the integrated factors. Active species trapping experiments indicated that h+ plays a critical role in MO degradation, while •O₂− has slight effect on the photocatalytic activity and the function of •OH can almost be neglected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag%20doped%20La%E2%82%82Ti%E2%82%82O%E2%82%87" title="Ag doped La₂Ti₂O₇">Ag doped La₂Ti₂O₇</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20orange" title=" methyl orange"> methyl orange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title=" photodegradation"> photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20plasmon%20resonance" title=" surface plasmon resonance"> surface plasmon resonance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153252/photocatalytic-degradation-of-methyl-orange-by-ag-doped-la2ti2o7" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">267</span> Phenol Degradation via Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Fe Doped TiO₂</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Ismail">Sherif Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degradation of phenol-contaminated wastewater using Photocatalytic oxidation process was investigated in batch experiments using Fe doped TiO₂. Moreover, the effect of oxygen aeration on the performance of photocatalytic oxidation process by iron (Fe⁺²) doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was assessed. Photocatalytic oxidation using Fe doped TiO₂ effectively reduce the phenol concentration in wastewater with optimum condition of light intensity, pH, catalyst-dosing and initial concentration of phenol were 50 W/m2, 5.3, 600 mg/l and 10 mg/l respectively. The results obtained that removal efficiency of phenol was 88% after 180 min in case of N₂ addition. However, aeration by oxygen resulted in a 99% removal efficiency in 120 min. The results of photo-catalysis oxidation experiments fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation with high correlation. Costs estimation of 30 m3/d full-scale photo-catalysis oxidation plant was assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol%20degradation" title="phenol degradation">phenol degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-doped%20TiO2" title=" Fe-doped TiO2"> Fe-doped TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AOPs" title=" AOPs"> AOPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20analysis" title=" cost analysis"> cost analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90365/phenol-degradation-via-photocatalytic-oxidation-using-fe-doped-tio2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> Synthesis and Characterization of TiO₂, N Doped TiO₂ and AG Doped TiO₂ for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Adwa Almeda Textile Industry, Tigray, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulugeta%20Gurum%20Gerechal">Mulugeta Gurum Gerechal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the photocatalytic mechanism of water purification using nanoparticles has gained wider acceptance. For this purpose, the crystal form of N- TiO₂ and Ag-TiO₂ was prepared from TiCl₄, urea, NH₄OH, and AgNO₃ by sol-gel method and simple solid phase reaction followed by calcination at a temperature of 400°C for 4h at each. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. In the experiment, it was found that the absorption edge of N-TiO₂ was an efficient shift to visible light as compared to Ag-TiO₂. The XRD diffraction makes the particle size of N-TiO₂ smaller than Ag-TiO₂. The effect of catalyst loading and the effect of temperature on the photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared samples was tested using methylene blue as a target pollutant. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the catalysts for methylene blue was increased from 57.05 to 96.02% under solar radiation as the amount of the catalyst increased from 0.15 to 0.45 gram for N-TiO₂. Similarly, photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was increased from 40.32 to 81.21% as the amount of Ag-TiO₂ increased from 0.05g to 0.1g. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the catalysts for the removal of methylene blue was increased from 58.00 to 98.00 and 47.00 to 81.21% under solar radiation as the calcination temperature of the catalyst increased from 300 to 500 for N-TiO₂ for Ag-TiO₂ 300 to 400⁰C. However, a further increase in catalyst loading and calcination temperature was found to decrease the degradation efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title="photocatalysis">photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20loading" title=" catalyst loading"> catalyst loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination" title=" calcination"> calcination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylene%20blue" title=" methylene blue"> methylene blue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193164/synthesis-and-characterization-of-tio2-n-doped-tio2-and-ag-doped-tio2-for-photocatalytic-degradation-of-methylene-blue-in-adwa-almeda-textile-industry-tigray-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Assessment of Metal and Nano-Metal Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Almeda Textile Industry, Tigray, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulugeta%20Gurum%20Gerechal">Mulugeta Gurum Gerechal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the photocatalytic mechanism of water purification using nanoparticles has gained wider acceptance. For this purpose, the Crystal form of N- TiO₂ and Ag-TiO₂ was prepared from TiCl₄, Urea, NH₄OH and AgNO₃ by sol-gel method and simple solid phase reaction followed by calcination at a temperature of 400 °C for 4h at each. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. In the experiment, it was found that the absorption edge of N-TiO₂ was a well efficient shift to visible light as compared to Ag-TiO₂. The XRD diffraction makes the particle size of N-TiO₂ smaller than Ag-TiO₂. The effect of catalyst loading and the effect of temperature on the photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared samples was tested using methylene blue as a target pollutant. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the catalysts for methylene blue was increased from 57.05 to 96.02% under solar radiation as the amount of the catalyst increased from 0.15 to 0.45 gram for N-TiO₂. Similarly, photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was increased from 40.32 to 81.21% as the amount of Ag-TiO₂ increased from 0.05g to 0.1g. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the catalysts for the removal of methylene blue was increased from 58.00 to 98.00 and 47.00 to 81.21 % under solar radiation as the calcination temperature of the catalyst increased from 300 to 500 for N-TiO₂ for Ag-TiO₂ 300 to 4000C. However, a further increase in catalyst loading and calcination temperature was found to decrease the degradation efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title="photocatalysis">photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20loading" title=" catalyst loading"> catalyst loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination%20and%20methylene%20blue" title=" calcination and methylene blue"> calcination and methylene blue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184194/assessment-of-metal-and-nano-metal-doped-tio2-nanoparticles-for-photocatalytic-degradation-of-methylene-blue-in-almeda-textile-industry-tigray-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20esterification&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20esterification&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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