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Saadaval 43 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="جهد غشائي – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهد غشائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potensial_membran" title="Potensial membran – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Potensial membran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keupayaan_membran" title="Keupayaan membran – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keupayaan membran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranski_potencijal" title="Membranski potencijal – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Membranski potencijal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_membrana" title="Potencial de membrana – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potencial de membrana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membr%C3%A1nov%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Membránový potenciál – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Membránový potenciál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranpotential" title="Membranpotential – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Membranpotential" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Μεμβρανικό δυναμικό – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεμβρανικό δυναμικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_potential" title="Membrane potential – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Membrane potential" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_membrana" title="Potencial de membrana – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potencial de membrana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mintz_potentzial" title="Mintz potentzial – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mintz potentzial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="پتانسیل غشا – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتانسیل غشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiel_%C3%A9lectrochimique_de_membrane" title="Potentiel électrochimique de membrane – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potentiel électrochimique de membrane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poit%C3%A9inseal_scann%C3%A1in" title="Poitéinseal scannáin – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poitéinseal scannáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_membrana" title="Potencial de membrana – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Potencial de membrana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89_%EC%A0%84%EC%9C%84" title="막 전위 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="막 전위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5" title="झिल्ली विभव – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="झिल्ली विभव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADldarspenna" title="Hvíldarspenna – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvíldarspenna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenziale_di_membrana" title="Potenziale di membrana – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potenziale di membrana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potensial_membran" title="Potensial membran – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Potensial membran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембраналык потенциал – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мембраналык потенциал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембрански потенцијал – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мембрански потенцијал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембраны потенциал – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мембраны потенциал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membraanpotentiaal" title="Membraanpotentiaal – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Membraanpotentiaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%9C%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D" title="膜電位 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="膜電位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranpotensial" title="Membranpotensial – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Membranpotensial" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencja%C5%82_b%C5%82onowy" title="Potencjał błonowy – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Potencjał błonowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_el%C3%A9trico_de_membrana" title="Potencial elétrico de membrana – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potencial elétrico de membrana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_de_membran%C4%83" title="Potențial de membrană – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Potențial de membrană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембранный потенциал – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мембранный потенциал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membr%C3%A1nov%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Membránový potenciál – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Membránový potenciál" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranski_potencial" title="Membranski potencial – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Membranski potencial" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%B5%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95" title="پۆتەنشڵی پەردە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆتەنشڵی پەردە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембрански потенцијал – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мембрански потенцијал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranski_potencijal" title="Membranski potencijal – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Membranski potencijal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvoj%C3%A4nnite" title="Kalvojännite – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" 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0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/35px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/53px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/70px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>vajab <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Artiklite_toimetamine" title="Vikipeedia:Artiklite toimetamine">toimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small><i>(Detsember 2016)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membraanipotentsiaal&action=edit">artiklit toimetada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Membraanipotentsiaal</b> on <a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">rakumembraani</a> eri külgedel esineva elektriliste potentsiaalide vahe, mis on tingitud laetud osakeste erinevast kontsentratsioonist kummalgi pool membraani. Kõigil elusrakkudel on välis- ja sisekeskkonna vahel potentsiaalide vahe. Raku sees on elektriline laeng (ioonide kogusumma) negatiivsem kui rakust väljaspool. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">Närvirakkude</a> membraanipotentsiaal muutub depolarisatsiooni ja repolarisatsiooni käigus. Kui membraani sees, rakus ületab elektriline potentsiaal teatava läviväärtuse, algatab see kiire ja pidevalt suureneva depolarisatsiooni kuni rakk muutub korraks ‘seestpoolt positiivseks’ ja seejärel repolariseerub. (Repolariseerumine tähendab seda, et raku sisemine elektriline potentsiaal muudetakse samasuguseks nagu enne depolarisatsiooni, kus raku sees on negatiivne ja väljaspool rakku positiivne laeng.) Paljudel juhtudel repolarisatsioon jätkub, kuni rakk muutub ajutiselt hüperpolariseerituks, seejärel muutub membraanipotentsiaal aeglaselt normaalseks. Normaalse, puhkeseisundi hoidmiseks peab rakk aktiivselt energiat kulutama. Rakk kasutab puhkeseisundi membraanipotentsiaali loomiseks <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitokondrid">mitokondrites</a> toodetud <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energiat</a>, täpsemalt <a href="/wiki/Adenosiintrifosfaat" title="Adenosiintrifosfaat">ATP</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekuli</a> keemilist energiat. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membraanipotentsiaal&oldid=6504044">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membraanipotentsiaal&oldid=6504044</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:F%C3%BCsioloogia" title="Kategooria:Füsioloogia">Füsioloogia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Rakubioloogia" title="Kategooria:Rakubioloogia">Rakubioloogia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toimetamist_ootavad_(detsember_2016)" title="Kategooria:Toimetamist ootavad (detsember 2016)">Toimetamist ootavad (detsember 2016)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Toimetamist ootavad">Toimetamist ootavad</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 23:25, 17. oktoober 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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