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href="#summary">Summary</a></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="sidebar-body"><ol><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started">Getting started modules</a></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup">Environment setup</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software">Installing basic software</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web">Browsing the web</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors">Code editors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files">Dealing with files</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line">Command line crash course</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website">Your first website</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like">What will your website look like?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content">HTML: Creating the content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content">CSS: Styling the content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity">JavaScript: Adding interactivity</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website">Publishing your website</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a 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href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes">Workflows and processes</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Job_interviews">Succeeding in job interviews</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core">Core modules</a></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content">Structuring content with HTML</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax">Basic HTML syntax</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata">What's in the head? Webpage metadata</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs">Headings and paragraphs in HTML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance">Emphasis and importance</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists">Lists</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents">Structuring documents</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features">Advanced text features</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links">Creating links</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter">Challenge: Marking up a letter</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content">Challenge: Structuring a page of content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_images">HTML images</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_video_and_audio">HTML video and audio</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Mozilla_splash_page">Challenge: Mozilla splash page</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_table_basics">HTML table basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Table_accessibility">HTML table accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Planet_data_table">Challenge: Structuring a planet data table</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_forms">Forms and buttons in HTML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Debugging_HTML">Debugging HTML</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics">CSS styling basics</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/What_is_CSS">What is CSS?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Getting_started">Getting started with CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Styling_a_bio_page">Challenge: Styling a biography page</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Basic_selectors">Basic CSS selectors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Attribute_selectors">Attribute selectors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Pseudo_classes_and_elements">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Combinators">Combinators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Box_model">The box model</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Handling_conflicts">Handling conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Values_and_units">CSS values and units</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Sizing">Sizing items in CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Backgrounds_and_borders">Backgrounds and borders</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Overflow">Overflowing content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Images_media_forms">Images, media, and form elements</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Tables">Styling tables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Debugging_CSS">Debugging CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension">Challenge: Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fancy_letterheaded_paper">Challenge: Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Cool-looking_box">Challenge: A cool-looking box</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling">CSS text styling</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Fundamentals">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_lists">Styling lists</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_links">Styling links</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Web_fonts">Web fonts</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Typesetting_a_homepage">Challenge: Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout">CSS layout</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Introduction">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Floats">Floats</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Positioning">Positioning</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox">Flexbox</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids">CSS grid layout</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design">Responsive design</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Media_queries">Media query fundamentals</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension">Challenge: Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting">Dynamic scripting with JavaScript</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_is_JavaScript">What is JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/A_first_splash">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_went_wrong">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Variables">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Math">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Strings">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Useful_string_methods">Useful string methods</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Arrays">Arrays</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Silly_story_generator">Challenge: Silly story generator</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Conditionals">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Loops">Looping code</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Functions">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Build_your_own_function">Build your own function</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Return_values">Function return values</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Events">Introduction to events</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Event_bubbling">Event bubbling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Image_gallery">Challenge: Image gallery</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Object_basics">JavaScript object basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/DOM_scripting">DOM scripting introduction</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Network_requests">Making network requests with JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/JSON">Working with JSON</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Debugging_JavaScript">Debugging JavaScript and handling errors</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries">JavaScript frameworks and libraries</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Introduction">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Main_features">Framework main features</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_getting_started">Getting started with React</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_todo_list_beginning">Beginning our React todo list</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_components">Componentizing our React app</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_events_state">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_accessibility">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_resources">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility">What is accessibility?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Tooling">Accessibility tooling and assistive technology</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/HTML">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Multimedia">Accessible multimedia</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Mobile">Mobile accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting">Challenge: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Design_for_developers">Design for developers</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Version_control">Version control</a></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions">Extension modules</a></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects">Advanced JavaScript objects</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_prototypes">Object prototypes</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object-oriented_programming">Object-oriented programming</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Classes_in_JavaScript">Classes in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_building_practice">Object building practice</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features">Challenge: Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs">Client-side web APIs</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Introduction">Introduction to web APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs">Video and Audio APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Drawing_graphics">Drawing graphics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Client-side_storage">Client-side storage</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Third_party_APIs">Third-party APIs</a></li></ol></details></li><li 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form</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form">How to structure a web form</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls">Basic native form controls</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/HTML5_input_types">The HTML5 input types</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Other_form_controls">Other form controls</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Styling_web_forms">Styling web forms</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Advanced_form_styling">Advanced form styling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes">UI pseudo-classes</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Form_validation">Client-side form validation</a></li><li><a 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list and detail views</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Sessions">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Authentication">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Forms">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Testing">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Deployment">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/web_application_security">Django web application security</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs">Express web framework (Node.js)</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction">Express/Node introduction</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a 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href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/CSS">CSS performance optimization</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/business_case_for_performance">The business case for web performance</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing">Testing</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Introduction">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Testing_strategies">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/HTML_and_CSS">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Feature_detection">Implementing feature detection</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Automated_testing">Introduction to automated testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Your_own_automation_environment">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Transform_animate">Transform and animate CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Security_privacy">Security and privacy</a></li><li class="section">Further resources</li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto">How to solve common problems</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_HTML_problems">Solve common HTML problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_CSS_problems">Solve common CSS problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_JavaScript_problems">Solve common JavaScript problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics">Web mechanics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Tools_and_setup">Tools and setup</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility">Design and accessibility</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/About">About</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Educators">Resources for educators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Changelog">Changelog</a></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#box_shadows">Box shadows</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#filters">Filters</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#blend_modes">Blend modes</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#css_shapes">CSS shapes</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#-webkit-background-clip_text">-webkit-background-clip: text</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#summary">Summary</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"><header><h1>Advanced styling effects</h1></header><div class="section-content"><p>This article acts as a box of tricks, providing an introduction to some interesting advanced styling features such as box shadows, blend modes, and filters.</p> <figure class="table-container"><table> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Prerequisites:</th> <td> HTML basics (study <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content">Introduction to HTML</a>) and an idea of how CSS works (study <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics">CSS Styling basics</a>.) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Objective:</th> <td> To get an idea about how to use some of the advanced styling effects available in modern browsers. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></figure></div><section aria-labelledby="box_shadows"><h2 id="box_shadows"><a href="#box_shadows">Box shadows</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow"><code>box-shadow</code></a> allows you to apply one or more drop shadows to an element's box. Like text shadows, box shadows are supported pretty well across browsers, including IE9+ and Edge. Users of older IE versions might just have to cope with no shadows, so just test your designs to make sure your content is legible without them.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="a_simple_box_shadow"><h3 id="a_simple_box_shadow"><a href="#a_simple_box_shadow">A simple box shadow</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Let's look at a simple example to get things started. First, some HTML:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><article class="simple"> <p> <strong>Warning</strong>: The thermostat on the cosmic transcender has reached a critical level. </p> </article> </code></pre></div> <p>Now the CSS:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css notranslate"><code>p { margin: 0; } article { max-width: 500px; padding: 10px; background-color: red; background-image: linear-gradient( to bottom, rgb(0 0 0 / 0%), rgb(0 0 0 / 25%) ); } .simple { box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px rgb(0 0 0 / 70%); } </code></pre></div> <p>This gives us the following result:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="A simple box shadow sample" id="frame_a_simple_box_shadow" height="100px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="a_simple_box_shadow" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>You'll see that we've got four items in the <code>box-shadow</code> property value:</p> <ol> <li>The first length value is the <strong>horizontal offset</strong> — the distance to the right the shadow is offset from the original box (or left, if the value is negative).</li> <li>The second length value is the <strong>vertical offset</strong> — the distance downwards that the shadow is offset from the original box (or upwards, if the value is negative).</li> <li>The third length value is the <strong>blur radius</strong> — the amount of blurring applied to the shadow.</li> <li>The color value is the <strong>base color</strong> of the shadow.</li> </ol> <p>You can use any length and color units that would make sense to do so to define these values.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="multiple_box_shadows"><h3 id="multiple_box_shadows"><a href="#multiple_box_shadows">Multiple box shadows</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>You can also specify multiple box shadows in a single <code>box-shadow</code> declaration, by separating them with commas:</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden notranslate"><code><article class="multiple"> <p> <strong>Warning</strong>: The thermostat on the cosmic transcender has reached a critical level. </p> </article> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css notranslate"><code>p { margin: 0; } article { max-width: 500px; padding: 10px; background-color: red; background-image: linear-gradient( to bottom, rgb(0 0 0 / 0%), rgb(0 0 0 / 25%) ); } .multiple { box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px black, 2px 2px 1px black, 3px 3px 1px red, 4px 4px 1px red, 5px 5px 1px black, 6px 6px 1px black; } </code></pre></div> <p>Now we get this result:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Multiple box shadows sample" id="frame_multiple_box_shadows" height="100px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="multiple_box_shadows" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>We've done something fun here by creating a raised box with multiple colored layers, but you could use it in any way you want, for example to create a more realistic look with shadows based on multiple light sources.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="other_box_shadow_features"><h3 id="other_box_shadow_features"><a href="#other_box_shadow_features">Other box shadow features</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Unlike <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-shadow"><code>text-shadow</code></a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow"><code>box-shadow</code></a> has an <code>inset</code> keyword available — putting this at the start of a shadow declaration causes it to become an inner shadow, rather than an outer shadow. Let's have a look and see what we mean.</p> <p>First, we'll go with some different HTML for this example:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button>Press me!</button> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css notranslate"><code>button { width: 150px; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 2; border-radius: 10px; border: none; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #777, #ddd); box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px black, inset 2px 3px 5px rgb(0 0 0 / 30%), inset -2px -3px 5px rgb(255 255 255 / 50%); } button:focus, button:hover { background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #888, #eee); } button:active { box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 1px black, inset 2px 3px 5px rgb(0 0 0 / 30%), inset -2px -3px 5px rgb(255 255 255 / 50%); } </code></pre></div> <p>This gives us the following result:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Other box shadow features sample" id="frame_other_box_shadow_features" width="100%" height="70px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="other_box_shadow_features" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>Here we've set up some button styling along with focus/hover/active states. The button has a simple black box shadow set on it by default, plus a couple of inset shadows, one light and one dark, placed on opposite corners of the button to give it a nice shading effect.</p> <p>When the button is pressed in, the active state causes the first box shadow to be swapped for a very dark inset shadow, giving the appearance of the button being pressed in.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> There is another item that can be set in the <code>box-shadow</code> value — another length value can be optionally set just before the color value, which is a <strong>spread radius</strong>. If set, this causes the shadow to become bigger than the original box. It is not very commonly used, but worth mentioning.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="filters"><h2 id="filters"><a href="#filters">Filters</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>While you can't change the composure of an image using CSS, there are some creative things you can do. One very nice property, which can help you bring interest to your designs, is the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter"><code>filter</code></a> property. This property enables Photoshop-like filters right from CSS.</p> <p>In the example below we have used two different values for filter. The <code>first</code> is <code>blur()</code> — this function can be passed a value to indicate how much the image should be blurred.</p> <p>The second is <code>grayscale()</code>; by using a percentage we are setting how much color we want to be removed.</p> <p>Play with the percentage and pixel parameters in the example below to see how the images change. You could also swap the values for some others. Try <code>contrast(200%)</code>, <code>invert(100%)</code> or <code>hue-rotate(20deg)</code> on the live example above. Take a look at the MDN page for <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter"><code>filter</code></a> for many other options you could try.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html live-sample___filter notranslate"><code><div class="wrapper"> <div class="box"> <img alt="balloons" class="blur" src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/balloons.jpg" /> </div> <div class="box"> <img alt="balloons" class="grayscale" src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/balloons.jpg" /> </div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___filter notranslate"><code>.wrapper { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; } .wrapper > * { margin: 20px; flex: 1; } .box { border: 5px solid darkblue; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___filter notranslate"><code>img { height: 100%; width: 100%; display: block; object-fit: cover; } .blur { filter: blur(10px); } .grayscale { filter: grayscale(60%); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="filter sample" id="frame_filter" height="260px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="filter" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>You can apply filters to any element and not just images. Some of the filter options available do very similar things to other CSS features, for example <code>drop-shadow()</code> works in a very similar way and gives a similar effect to <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow"><code>box-shadow</code></a> or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-shadow"><code>text-shadow</code></a>. The really nice thing about filters however, is that they work on the exact shapes of the content inside the box, not just the box itself as one big chunk, so it is worth knowing the difference.</p> <p>In this next example we are applying our filter to a box, and comparing it to a box shadow. As you can see, the drop-shadow filter follows the exact shape of the text and border dashes. The box shadow just follows the square of the box.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html live-sample___filter-text notranslate"><code><p class="filter">Filter</p> <p class="box-shadow">Box shadow</p> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___filter-text notranslate"><code>body { font-family: sans-serif; } p { margin: 1em 2em; padding: 20px; width: 100px; display: inline-block; border: 5px dashed red; } .filter { filter: drop-shadow(5px 5px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 70%)); } .box-shadow { box-shadow: 5px 5px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 70%); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="filter-text sample" id="frame_filter-text" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="filter-text" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="blend_modes"><h2 id="blend_modes"><a href="#blend_modes">Blend modes</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>CSS blend modes allow us to add blend modes to elements that specify a blending effect when two elements overlap — the final color shown for each pixel will be the result of a combination of the original pixel color, and that of the pixel in the layer underneath it. Blend modes are again very familiar to users of graphics applications like Photoshop.</p> <p>There are two properties that use blend modes in CSS:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-blend-mode"><code>background-blend-mode</code></a>, which blends together multiple background images and colors set on a single element.</li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/mix-blend-mode"><code>mix-blend-mode</code></a>, which blends together the element it is set on with elements it is overlapping — both background and content.</li> </ul> <p>You can find a lot more examples than are available here in our <a href="https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/css/styling-boxes/advanced_box_effects/blend-modes.html" class="external" target="_blank">blend-modes.html</a> example page (see <a href="https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/css/styling-boxes/advanced_box_effects/blend-modes.html" class="external" target="_blank">source code</a>), and on the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/blend-mode"><code><blend-mode></code></a> reference page.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Blend modes are also very new, and slightly less well supported than filters. There is no support as yet in Edge, and Safari only supports some of the blend mode options.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="background-blend-mode"><h3 id="background-blend-mode"><a href="#background-blend-mode">background-blend-mode</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Again, let's look at some examples so we can understand this better. First, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-blend-mode"><code>background-blend-mode</code></a> — here we'll show a couple of simple <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div"><code><div></code></a>s, so you can compare the original with the blended version:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><div></div> <div class="multiply"></div> </code></pre></div> <p>Now some CSS — we are adding to the <code><div></code> one background image and a green background color:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css notranslate"><code>div { width: 250px; height: 130px; padding: 10px; margin: 10px; display: inline-block; background: url(colorful-heart.png) no-repeat center 20px; background-color: green; } .multiply { background-blend-mode: multiply; } </code></pre></div> <p>The result we get is this — you can see the original on the left, and the multiply blend mode on the right:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="background-blend-mode sample" id="frame_background-blend-mode" height="220px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="background-blend-mode" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="mix-blend-mode"><h3 id="mix-blend-mode"><a href="#mix-blend-mode">mix-blend-mode</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Now let's look at <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/mix-blend-mode"><code>mix-blend-mode</code></a>. Here we'll present the same two <code><div></code>s, but each one is now sat on top of a simple <code><div></code> with a purple background, to show how the elements will blend together:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><article> No mix blend mode <div></div> <div></div> </article> <article> Multiply mix <div class="multiply-mix"></div> <div></div> </article> </code></pre></div> <p>Here's the CSS we'll style this with:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css notranslate"><code>article { width: 280px; height: 180px; margin: 10px; position: relative; display: inline-block; } div { width: 250px; height: 130px; padding: 10px; margin: 10px; } article div:first-child { position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 0; background: url(colorful-heart.png) no-repeat center 20px; background-color: green; } article div:last-child { background-color: purple; position: absolute; bottom: -10px; right: 0; z-index: -1; } .multiply-mix { mix-blend-mode: multiply; } </code></pre></div> <p>This gives us the following results:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="mix-blend-mode sample" id="frame_mix-blend-mode" height="220px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="mix-blend-mode" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>You can see here that the multiply mix blend has blended together not only the two background images, but also the color from the <code><div></code> below it too.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Don't worry if you don't understand some of the layout properties above, like <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/position"><code>position</code></a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/top"><code>top</code></a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/bottom"><code>bottom</code></a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/z-index"><code>z-index</code></a>, etc. We will cover these in detail in our <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout">CSS Layout</a> module.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="css_shapes"><h2 id="css_shapes"><a href="#css_shapes">CSS shapes</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>While it is true that everything in CSS is a rectangular box, and images are a physical rectangular box, we can make it look as if our content flows around non-rectangular things by using <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_shapes">CSS Shapes</a>.</p> <p>The CSS Shapes specification enables the wrapping of text around a non-rectangular shape. It's especially useful when working with an image which has some white-space you might want to float text around.</p> <p>In the image below we have a pleasingly round balloon. The actual file is rectangular, but by floating the image (shapes only apply to floated elements) and using the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/shape-outside"><code>shape-outside</code></a> property with a value of <code>circle(50%)</code>, we can give the effect of the text following the line of the balloon.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html live-sample___shapes notranslate"><code><div class="wrapper"> <img alt="balloon" src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/round-balloon.png" /> <p> One November night in the year 1782, so the story runs, two brothers sat over their winter fire in the little French town of Annonay, watching the grey smoke-wreaths from the hearth curl up the wide chimney. Their names were Stephen and Joseph Montgolfier, they were papermakers by trade, and were noted as possessing thoughtful minds and a deep interest in all scientific knowledge and new discovery. Before that night—a memorable night, as it was to prove—hundreds of millions of people had watched the rising smoke-wreaths of their fires without drawing any special inspiration from the fact. </p> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___shapes notranslate"><code>body { font-family: sans-serif; } img { float: left; shape-outside: circle(50%); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="shapes sample" id="frame_shapes" height="200px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="shapes" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>The shape in this example is not reacting to the content of the image file. Instead, the circle function is taking its center point from the center of the image file, as if we had put a compass in the middle of the file and drawn a circle that fits inside the file. It is that circle that the text flows around.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> In Firefox you can use the DevTools <a href="https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/devtools-user/page_inspector/how_to/edit_css_shapes/index.html" class="external" target="_blank">Shapes Inspector</a> to inspect Shapes.</p> </div> <p>The <code>circle()</code> function is just one of a few basic shapes that are defined, however there are a number of different ways to create shapes. For more information and example code for CSS Shapes see the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_shapes/Overview_of_shapes">Guides to CSS Shapes</a> on MDN.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="-webkit-background-clip_text"><h2 id="-webkit-background-clip_text"><a href="#-webkit-background-clip_text">-webkit-background-clip: text</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>Another feature we thought we'd mention briefly is the <code>text</code> value for <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-clip"><code>background-clip</code></a>. When used along with the proprietary <code>-webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;</code> feature, this allows you to clip background images to the shape of the element's text, making for some nice effects. This is not an official standard, but has been implemented across multiple browsers, as it is popular, and used fairly widely by developers. When used in this context, both of the properties would require a <code>-webkit-</code> vendor prefix, even for non-WebKit/Chrome-based browsers. You can see this in action in the live sample below:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html live-sample___webkit-background-clip notranslate"><code><h2>WOW</h2> <h2 class="text-clip">WOW</h2> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___webkit-background-clip notranslate"><code>body { font-family: impact, sans-serif; } h2 { width: 250px; height: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 250px; font-size: 50px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___webkit-background-clip notranslate"><code>h2 { color: white; display: inline-block; background: url(colorful-heart.png) no-repeat center; } .text-clip { -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="webkit-background-clip sample" id="frame_webkit-background-clip" height="340px" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/" data-live-id="webkit-background-clip" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>So why have other browsers implemented a <code>-webkit-</code> prefix? Mainly for browser compatibility — so many web developers have started implementing websites with <code>-webkit-</code> prefixes that it started to look like the other browsers were broken, whereas in actual fact they were following the standards. So they were forced to implement a few such features. This highlights the danger of using non-standard and/or prefixed CSS features in your work — not only do they cause browser compatibility issues, but they are also subject to change, so your code could break at any time. It is much better to stick to the standards.</p> <p>If you do want to use such features in your production work, make sure to test across browsers thoroughly and check that, where these features don't work, the site is still usable.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="summary"><h2 id="summary"><a href="#summary">Summary</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>We hope this article was fun — playing with shiny toys generally is, and it is always interesting to see what kinds of advanced styling tools are becoming available in modern browsers.</p></div></section></article><aside class="article-footer"><div class="article-footer-inner"><div class="svg-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="162" height="162" viewBox="0 0 162 162" fill="none" role="none"><mask id="b" fill="#fff"><path d="M97.203 47.04c8.113-7.886 18.004-13.871 28.906-17.492a78 78 0 0 1 33.969-3.39c11.443 1.39 22.401 5.295 32.024 11.411s17.656 14.28 23.476 23.86c5.819 9.579 9.269 20.318 10.083 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contributors. Content available under <a href="/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p></div></div></footer></div><script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects","doc":{"body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<p>This article acts as a box of tricks, providing an introduction to some interesting advanced styling features such as box shadows, blend modes, and filters.</p>\n<figure class=\"table-container\"><table>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Prerequisites:</th>\n <td>\n HTML basics (study\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content\">Introduction to HTML</a>) and an idea of how CSS works (study\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics\">CSS Styling basics</a>.)\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Objective:</th>\n <td>\n To get an idea about how to use some of the advanced styling effects\n available in modern browsers.\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"box_shadows","title":"Box shadows","isH3":false,"content":"<p><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow\"><code>box-shadow</code></a> allows you to apply one or more drop shadows to an element's box. Like text shadows, box shadows are supported pretty well across browsers, including IE9+ and Edge. Users of older IE versions might just have to cope with no shadows, so just test your designs to make sure your content is legible without them.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"a_simple_box_shadow","title":"A simple box shadow","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Let's look at a simple example to get things started. First, some HTML:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><article class=\"simple\">\n <p>\n <strong>Warning</strong>: The thermostat on the cosmic transcender has\n reached a critical level.\n </p>\n</article>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now the CSS:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css notranslate\"><code>p {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\narticle {\n max-width: 500px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: red;\n background-image: linear-gradient(\n to bottom,\n rgb(0 0 0 / 0%),\n rgb(0 0 0 / 25%)\n );\n}\n\n.simple {\n box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px rgb(0 0 0 / 70%);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This gives us the following result:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"A simple box shadow sample\" id=\"frame_a_simple_box_shadow\" height=\"100px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"a_simple_box_shadow\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>You'll see that we've got four items in the <code>box-shadow</code> property value:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>The first length value is the <strong>horizontal offset</strong> — the distance to the right the shadow is offset from the original box (or left, if the value is negative).</li>\n<li>The second length value is the <strong>vertical offset</strong> — the distance downwards that the shadow is offset from the original box (or upwards, if the value is negative).</li>\n<li>The third length value is the <strong>blur radius</strong> — the amount of blurring applied to the shadow.</li>\n<li>The color value is the <strong>base color</strong> of the shadow.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>You can use any length and color units that would make sense to do so to define these values.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"multiple_box_shadows","title":"Multiple box shadows","isH3":true,"content":"<p>You can also specify multiple box shadows in a single <code>box-shadow</code> declaration, by separating them with commas:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden notranslate\"><code><article class=\"multiple\">\n <p>\n <strong>Warning</strong>: The thermostat on the cosmic transcender has\n reached a critical level.\n </p>\n</article>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css notranslate\"><code>p {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\narticle {\n max-width: 500px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: red;\n background-image: linear-gradient(\n to bottom,\n rgb(0 0 0 / 0%),\n rgb(0 0 0 / 25%)\n );\n}\n\n.multiple {\n box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px black,\n 2px 2px 1px black,\n 3px 3px 1px red,\n 4px 4px 1px red,\n 5px 5px 1px black,\n 6px 6px 1px black;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now we get this result:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Multiple box shadows sample\" id=\"frame_multiple_box_shadows\" height=\"100px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"multiple_box_shadows\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>We've done something fun here by creating a raised box with multiple colored layers, but you could use it in any way you want, for example to create a more realistic look with shadows based on multiple light sources.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"other_box_shadow_features","title":"Other box shadow features","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Unlike <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-shadow\"><code>text-shadow</code></a>, <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow\"><code>box-shadow</code></a> has an <code>inset</code> keyword available — putting this at the start of a shadow declaration causes it to become an inner shadow, rather than an outer shadow. Let's have a look and see what we mean.</p>\n<p>First, we'll go with some different HTML for this example:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button>Press me!</button>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css notranslate\"><code>button {\n width: 150px;\n font-size: 1.1rem;\n line-height: 2;\n border-radius: 10px;\n border: none;\n background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #777, #ddd);\n box-shadow:\n 1px 1px 1px black,\n inset 2px 3px 5px rgb(0 0 0 / 30%),\n inset -2px -3px 5px rgb(255 255 255 / 50%);\n}\n\nbutton:focus,\nbutton:hover {\n background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #888, #eee);\n}\n\nbutton:active {\n box-shadow:\n inset 2px 2px 1px black,\n inset 2px 3px 5px rgb(0 0 0 / 30%),\n inset -2px -3px 5px rgb(255 255 255 / 50%);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This gives us the following result:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Other box shadow features sample\" id=\"frame_other_box_shadow_features\" width=\"100%\" height=\"70px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"other_box_shadow_features\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>Here we've set up some button styling along with focus/hover/active states. The button has a simple black box shadow set on it by default, plus a couple of inset shadows, one light and one dark, placed on opposite corners of the button to give it a nice shading effect.</p>\n<p>When the button is pressed in, the active state causes the first box shadow to be swapped for a very dark inset shadow, giving the appearance of the button being pressed in.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nThere is another item that can be set in the <code>box-shadow</code> value — another length value can be optionally set just before the color value, which is a <strong>spread radius</strong>. If set, this causes the shadow to become bigger than the original box. It is not very commonly used, but worth mentioning.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"filters","title":"Filters","isH3":false,"content":"<p>While you can't change the composure of an image using CSS, there are some creative things you can do. One very nice property, which can help you bring interest to your designs, is the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter\"><code>filter</code></a> property. This property enables Photoshop-like filters right from CSS.</p>\n<p>In the example below we have used two different values for filter. The <code>first</code> is <code>blur()</code> — this function can be passed a value to indicate how much the image should be blurred.</p>\n<p>The second is <code>grayscale()</code>; by using a percentage we are setting how much color we want to be removed.</p>\n<p>Play with the percentage and pixel parameters in the example below to see how the images change. You could also swap the values for some others. Try <code>contrast(200%)</code>, <code>invert(100%)</code> or <code>hue-rotate(20deg)</code> on the live example above. Take a look at the MDN page for <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter\"><code>filter</code></a> for many other options you could try.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html live-sample___filter notranslate\"><code><div class=\"wrapper\">\n <div class=\"box\">\n <img\n alt=\"balloons\"\n class=\"blur\"\n src=\"https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/balloons.jpg\" />\n </div>\n <div class=\"box\">\n <img\n alt=\"balloons\"\n class=\"grayscale\"\n src=\"https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/balloons.jpg\" />\n </div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___filter notranslate\"><code>.wrapper {\n display: flex;\n align-items: flex-start;\n}\n\n.wrapper > * {\n margin: 20px;\n flex: 1;\n}\n\n.box {\n border: 5px solid darkblue;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___filter notranslate\"><code>img {\n height: 100%;\n width: 100%;\n display: block;\n object-fit: cover;\n}\n\n.blur {\n filter: blur(10px);\n}\n\n.grayscale {\n filter: grayscale(60%);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"filter sample\" id=\"frame_filter\" height=\"260px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"filter\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>You can apply filters to any element and not just images. Some of the filter options available do very similar things to other CSS features, for example <code>drop-shadow()</code> works in a very similar way and gives a similar effect to <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow\"><code>box-shadow</code></a> or <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-shadow\"><code>text-shadow</code></a>. The really nice thing about filters however, is that they work on the exact shapes of the content inside the box, not just the box itself as one big chunk, so it is worth knowing the difference.</p>\n<p>In this next example we are applying our filter to a box, and comparing it to a box shadow. As you can see, the drop-shadow filter follows the exact shape of the text and border dashes. The box shadow just follows the square of the box.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html live-sample___filter-text notranslate\"><code><p class=\"filter\">Filter</p>\n<p class=\"box-shadow\">Box shadow</p>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___filter-text notranslate\"><code>body {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n}\np {\n margin: 1em 2em;\n padding: 20px;\n width: 100px;\n display: inline-block;\n border: 5px dashed red;\n}\n\n.filter {\n filter: drop-shadow(5px 5px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 70%));\n}\n\n.box-shadow {\n box-shadow: 5px 5px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 70%);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"filter-text sample\" id=\"frame_filter-text\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"filter-text\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"blend_modes","title":"Blend modes","isH3":false,"content":"<p>CSS blend modes allow us to add blend modes to elements that specify a blending effect when two elements overlap — the final color shown for each pixel will be the result of a combination of the original pixel color, and that of the pixel in the layer underneath it. Blend modes are again very familiar to users of graphics applications like Photoshop.</p>\n<p>There are two properties that use blend modes in CSS:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-blend-mode\"><code>background-blend-mode</code></a>, which blends together multiple background images and colors set on a single element.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/mix-blend-mode\"><code>mix-blend-mode</code></a>, which blends together the element it is set on with elements it is overlapping — both background and content.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>You can find a lot more examples than are available here in our <a href=\"https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/css/styling-boxes/advanced_box_effects/blend-modes.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">blend-modes.html</a> example page (see <a href=\"https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/css/styling-boxes/advanced_box_effects/blend-modes.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">source code</a>), and on the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/blend-mode\"><code><blend-mode></code></a> reference page.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nBlend modes are also very new, and slightly less well supported than filters. There is no support as yet in Edge, and Safari only supports some of the blend mode options.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"background-blend-mode","title":"background-blend-mode","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Again, let's look at some examples so we can understand this better. First, <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-blend-mode\"><code>background-blend-mode</code></a> — here we'll show a couple of simple <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div\"><code><div></code></a>s, so you can compare the original with the blended version:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><div></div>\n<div class=\"multiply\"></div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now some CSS — we are adding to the <code><div></code> one background image and a green background color:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css notranslate\"><code>div {\n width: 250px;\n height: 130px;\n padding: 10px;\n margin: 10px;\n display: inline-block;\n background: url(colorful-heart.png) no-repeat center 20px;\n background-color: green;\n}\n\n.multiply {\n background-blend-mode: multiply;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>The result we get is this — you can see the original on the left, and the multiply blend mode on the right:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"background-blend-mode sample\" id=\"frame_background-blend-mode\" height=\"220px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"background-blend-mode\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"mix-blend-mode","title":"mix-blend-mode","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Now let's look at <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/mix-blend-mode\"><code>mix-blend-mode</code></a>. Here we'll present the same two <code><div></code>s, but each one is now sat on top of a simple <code><div></code> with a purple background, to show how the elements will blend together:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><article>\n No mix blend mode\n <div></div>\n <div></div>\n</article>\n\n<article>\n Multiply mix\n <div class=\"multiply-mix\"></div>\n <div></div>\n</article>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Here's the CSS we'll style this with:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css notranslate\"><code>article {\n width: 280px;\n height: 180px;\n margin: 10px;\n position: relative;\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\ndiv {\n width: 250px;\n height: 130px;\n padding: 10px;\n margin: 10px;\n}\n\narticle div:first-child {\n position: absolute;\n top: 10px;\n left: 0;\n background: url(colorful-heart.png) no-repeat center 20px;\n background-color: green;\n}\n\narticle div:last-child {\n background-color: purple;\n position: absolute;\n bottom: -10px;\n right: 0;\n z-index: -1;\n}\n\n.multiply-mix {\n mix-blend-mode: multiply;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This gives us the following results:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"mix-blend-mode sample\" id=\"frame_mix-blend-mode\" height=\"220px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"mix-blend-mode\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>You can see here that the multiply mix blend has blended together not only the two background images, but also the color from the <code><div></code> below it too.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nDon't worry if you don't understand some of the layout properties above, like <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/position\"><code>position</code></a>, <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/top\"><code>top</code></a>, <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/bottom\"><code>bottom</code></a>, <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/z-index\"><code>z-index</code></a>, etc. We will cover these in detail in our <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout\">CSS Layout</a> module.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"css_shapes","title":"CSS shapes","isH3":false,"content":"<p>While it is true that everything in CSS is a rectangular box, and images are a physical rectangular box, we can make it look as if our content flows around non-rectangular things by using <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_shapes\">CSS Shapes</a>.</p>\n<p>The CSS Shapes specification enables the wrapping of text around a non-rectangular shape. It's especially useful when working with an image which has some white-space you might want to float text around.</p>\n<p>In the image below we have a pleasingly round balloon. The actual file is rectangular, but by floating the image (shapes only apply to floated elements) and using the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/shape-outside\"><code>shape-outside</code></a> property with a value of <code>circle(50%)</code>, we can give the effect of the text following the line of the balloon.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html live-sample___shapes notranslate\"><code><div class=\"wrapper\">\n <img\n alt=\"balloon\"\n src=\"https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/round-balloon.png\" />\n <p>\n One November night in the year 1782, so the story runs, two brothers sat\n over their winter fire in the little French town of Annonay, watching the\n grey smoke-wreaths from the hearth curl up the wide chimney. Their names\n were Stephen and Joseph Montgolfier, they were papermakers by trade, and\n were noted as possessing thoughtful minds and a deep interest in all\n scientific knowledge and new discovery. Before that night—a memorable night,\n as it was to prove—hundreds of millions of people had watched the rising\n smoke-wreaths of their fires without drawing any special inspiration from\n the fact.\n </p>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___shapes notranslate\"><code>body {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n}\nimg {\n float: left;\n shape-outside: circle(50%);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"shapes sample\" id=\"frame_shapes\" height=\"200px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"shapes\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>The shape in this example is not reacting to the content of the image file. Instead, the circle function is taking its center point from the center of the image file, as if we had put a compass in the middle of the file and drawn a circle that fits inside the file. It is that circle that the text flows around.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nIn Firefox you can use the DevTools <a href=\"https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/devtools-user/page_inspector/how_to/edit_css_shapes/index.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Shapes Inspector</a> to inspect Shapes.</p>\n</div>\n<p>The <code>circle()</code> function is just one of a few basic shapes that are defined, however there are a number of different ways to create shapes. For more information and example code for CSS Shapes see the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_shapes/Overview_of_shapes\">Guides to CSS Shapes</a> on MDN.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"-webkit-background-clip_text","title":"-webkit-background-clip: text","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Another feature we thought we'd mention briefly is the <code>text</code> value for <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-clip\"><code>background-clip</code></a>. When used along with the proprietary <code>-webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;</code> feature, this allows you to clip background images to the shape of the element's text, making for some nice effects. This is not an official standard, but has been implemented across multiple browsers, as it is popular, and used fairly widely by developers. When used in this context, both of the properties would require a <code>-webkit-</code> vendor prefix, even for non-WebKit/Chrome-based browsers.\nYou can see this in action in the live sample below:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html live-sample___webkit-background-clip notranslate\"><code><h2>WOW</h2>\n<h2 class=\"text-clip\">WOW</h2>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___webkit-background-clip notranslate\"><code>body {\n font-family: impact, sans-serif;\n}\n\nh2 {\n width: 250px;\n height: 250px;\n text-align: center;\n line-height: 250px;\n font-size: 50px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___webkit-background-clip notranslate\"><code>h2 {\n color: white;\n display: inline-block;\n background: url(colorful-heart.png) no-repeat center;\n}\n\n.text-clip {\n -webkit-background-clip: text;\n -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"webkit-background-clip sample\" id=\"frame_webkit-background-clip\" height=\"340px\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects/\" data-live-id=\"webkit-background-clip\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>So why have other browsers implemented a <code>-webkit-</code> prefix? Mainly for browser compatibility — so many web developers have started implementing websites with <code>-webkit-</code> prefixes that it started to look like the other browsers were broken, whereas in actual fact they were following the standards. So they were forced to implement a few such features. This highlights the danger of using non-standard and/or prefixed CSS features in your work — not only do they cause browser compatibility issues, but they are also subject to change, so your code could break at any time. It is much better to stick to the standards.</p>\n<p>If you do want to use such features in your production work, make sure to test across browsers thoroughly and check that, where these features don't work, the site is still usable.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"summary","title":"Summary","isH3":false,"content":"<p>We hope this article was fun — playing with shiny toys generally is, and it is always interesting to see what kinds of advanced styling tools are becoming available in modern browsers.</p>"}}],"isActive":true,"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":false,"locale":"en-US","mdn_url":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects","modified":"2024-12-19T15:37:45.000Z","native":"English (US)","noIndexing":false,"other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"Erweitere Stileffekte","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"fr","title":"Effets de boîte avancés","native":"Français"},{"locale":"ja","title":"高度なスタイル設定の効果","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"ru","title":"Узконаправленные функции CSS","native":"Русский"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"高级区块效果","native":"中文 (简体)"}],"pageTitle":"Advanced styling effects - Learn web development | MDN","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development","title":"Learn"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core","title":"Core learning modules"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics","title":"CSS styling basics"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Advanced_styling_effects","title":"Advanced styling effects"}],"popularity":null,"short_title":"Advanced styling effects","sidebarHTML":"<ol><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started\">Getting started modules</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup\">Environment setup</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software\">Installing basic software</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web\">Browsing the web</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors\">Code editors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files\">Dealing with files</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line\">Command line crash course</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website\">Your first website</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like\">What will your website look like?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content\">HTML: Creating the content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content\">CSS: Styling the content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity\">JavaScript: Adding interactivity</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website\">Publishing your website</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards\">Web standards</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works\">How the web works</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model\">The web standards model</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites\">How browsers load websites</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills\">Soft skills</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning\">Research and learning</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork\">Collaboration and teamwork</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes\">Workflows and processes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Job_interviews\">Succeeding in job interviews</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core\">Core modules</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content\">Structuring content with HTML</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax\">Basic HTML syntax</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata\">What's in the head? Webpage metadata</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs\">Headings and paragraphs in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance\">Emphasis and importance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists\">Lists</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents\">Structuring documents</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features\">Advanced text features</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links\">Creating links</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter\">Challenge: Marking up a letter</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content\">Challenge: Structuring a page of content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_images\">HTML images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_video_and_audio\">HTML video and audio</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Mozilla_splash_page\">Challenge: Mozilla splash page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_table_basics\">HTML table basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Table_accessibility\">HTML table accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Planet_data_table\">Challenge: Structuring a planet data table</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_forms\">Forms and buttons in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Debugging_HTML\">Debugging HTML</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics\">CSS styling basics</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/What_is_CSS\">What is CSS?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Getting_started\">Getting started with CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Styling_a_bio_page\">Challenge: Styling a biography page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Basic_selectors\">Basic CSS selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Attribute_selectors\">Attribute selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Pseudo_classes_and_elements\">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Combinators\">Combinators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Box_model\">The box model</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Handling_conflicts\">Handling conflicts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Values_and_units\">CSS values and units</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Sizing\">Sizing items in CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Backgrounds_and_borders\">Backgrounds and borders</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Overflow\">Overflowing content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Images_media_forms\">Images, media, and form elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Tables\">Styling tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Debugging_CSS\">Debugging CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension\">Challenge: Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fancy_letterheaded_paper\">Challenge: Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Cool-looking_box\">Challenge: A cool-looking box</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling\">CSS text styling</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Fundamentals\">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_lists\">Styling lists</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_links\">Styling links</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Web_fonts\">Web fonts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Typesetting_a_homepage\">Challenge: Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout\">CSS layout</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Introduction\">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Floats\">Floats</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Positioning\">Positioning</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox\">Flexbox</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids\">CSS grid layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\">Responsive design</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Media_queries\">Media query fundamentals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension\">Challenge: Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting\">Dynamic scripting with JavaScript</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_is_JavaScript\">What is JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/A_first_splash\">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_went_wrong\">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Variables\">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Math\">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Strings\">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Useful_string_methods\">Useful string methods</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Arrays\">Arrays</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Silly_story_generator\">Challenge: Silly story generator</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Conditionals\">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Loops\">Looping code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Functions\">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Build_your_own_function\">Build your own function</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Return_values\">Function return values</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Events\">Introduction to events</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Event_bubbling\">Event bubbling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Image_gallery\">Challenge: Image gallery</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Object_basics\">JavaScript object basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/DOM_scripting\">DOM scripting introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Network_requests\">Making network requests with JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/JSON\">Working with JSON</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Debugging_JavaScript\">Debugging JavaScript and handling errors</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries\">JavaScript frameworks and libraries</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Introduction\">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Main_features\">Framework main features</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_getting_started\">Getting started with React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our React todo list</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_components\">Componentizing our React app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_events_state\">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering\">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_accessibility\">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_resources\">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility\">Accessibility</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility\">What is accessibility?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Tooling\">Accessibility tooling and assistive technology</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/HTML\">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript\">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics\">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Multimedia\">Accessible multimedia</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Mobile\">Mobile accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting\">Challenge: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Design_for_developers\">Design for developers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Version_control\">Version control</a></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions\">Extension modules</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects\">Advanced JavaScript objects</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_prototypes\">Object prototypes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object-oriented_programming\">Object-oriented programming</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Classes_in_JavaScript\">Classes in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_building_practice\">Object building practice</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features\">Challenge: Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs\">Client-side web APIs</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Introduction\">Introduction to web APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs\">Video and Audio APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Drawing_graphics\">Drawing graphics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Client-side_storage\">Client-side storage</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Third_party_APIs\">Third-party APIs</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS\">Asynchronous JavaScript</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Introducing\">Introducing asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Promises\">How to use promises</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Implementing_a_promise-based_API\">How to implement a promise-based API</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Introducing_workers\">Introducing workers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Sequencing_animations\">Challenge: Sequencing animations</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms\">Web forms</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Your_first_form\">Your first form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form\">How to structure a web form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls\">Basic native form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/HTML5_input_types\">The HTML5 input types</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Other_form_controls\">Other form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Styling_web_forms\">Styling web forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Advanced_form_styling\">Advanced form styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes\">UI pseudo-classes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Form_validation\">Client-side form validation</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data\">Sending form data</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools\">Understanding client-side tools</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Overview\">Client-side tooling overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Package_management\">Package management basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain\">Introducing a complete toolchain</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Deployment\">Deploying our app</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side\">Server-side websites</a></summary><ol><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps\">Server-side first steps</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction\">Introduction to the server side</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview\">Client-Server Overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks\">Server-side web frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security\">Website security</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django\">Django web framework (Python)</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Introduction\">Django introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/development_environment\">Setting up a Django development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website\">Django Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Models\">Django Tutorial Part 3: Using models</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Admin_site\">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django admin site</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Home_page\">Django Tutorial Part 5: Creating our home page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Generic_views\">Django Tutorial Part 6: Generic list and detail views</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Sessions\">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Authentication\">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Forms\">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Testing\">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Deployment\">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/web_application_security\">Django web application security</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog\">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs\">Express web framework (Node.js)</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction\">Express/Node introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment\">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website\">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose\">Express Tutorial Part 3: Using a Database (with Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes\">Express Tutorial Part 4: Routes and controllers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data\">Express Tutorial Part 5: Displaying library data</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms\">Express Tutorial Part 6: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment\">Express Tutorial Part 7: Deploying to production</a></li></ol></details></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance\">Web performance</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/why_web_performance\">The \"why\" of web performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/What_is_web_performance\">What is web performance?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/Perceived_performance\">Perceived performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/Measuring_performance\">Measuring performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/Multimedia\">Multimedia: Images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/video\">Multimedia: video</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/JavaScript\">JavaScript performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/HTML\">HTML performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/CSS\">CSS performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/business_case_for_performance\">The business case for web performance</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing\">Testing</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Introduction\">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Testing_strategies\">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/HTML_and_CSS\">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Feature_detection\">Implementing feature detection</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Automated_testing\">Introduction to automated testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Your_own_automation_environment\">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Transform_animate\">Transform and animate CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Security_privacy\">Security and privacy</a></li><li class=\"section\">Further resources</li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto\">How to solve common problems</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_HTML_problems\">Solve common HTML problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_CSS_problems\">Solve common CSS problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_JavaScript_problems\">Solve common JavaScript problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics\">Web mechanics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Tools_and_setup\">Tools and setup</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility\">Design and accessibility</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/About\">About</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Educators\">Resources for educators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Changelog\">Changelog</a></li></ol>","source":{"folder":"en-us/learn_web_development/core/styling_basics/advanced_styling_effects","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/core/styling_basics/advanced_styling_effects/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/5b20f5f4265f988f80f513db0e4b35c7e0cd70dc","filename":"index.md"},"summary":"This article acts as a box of tricks, providing an introduction to some interesting advanced styling features such as box shadows, blend modes, and filters.","title":"Advanced styling effects","toc":[{"text":"Box shadows","id":"box_shadows"},{"text":"Filters","id":"filters"},{"text":"Blend modes","id":"blend_modes"},{"text":"CSS shapes","id":"css_shapes"},{"text":"-webkit-background-clip: text","id":"-webkit-background-clip_text"},{"text":"Summary","id":"summary"}],"pageType":"guide"}}</script></body></html>