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<span>Notable examples in writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_examples_in_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_introductory_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_introductory_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Key introductory books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_introductory_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Homoeroticism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гомаэратызм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гомаэратызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotisismo" title="Homoerotisismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Homoerotisismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Хомоеротизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хомоеротизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotisme" title="Homoerotisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Homoerotisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotismo" title="Homoerotismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Homoerotismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gejerotiko" title="Gejerotiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gejerotiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotismo" title="Homoerotismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Homoerotismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="هم‌جنس‌کامگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هم‌جنس‌کامگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo%C3%A9rotisme" title="Homoérotisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homoérotisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotisisme" title="Homoerotisisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Homoerotisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omoerotismo" title="Omoerotismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Omoerotismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="הומוארוטיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הומוארוטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo-erotiek" title="Homo-erotiek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Homo-erotiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotyzm" title="Homoerotyzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Homoerotyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotismo" title="Homoerotismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homoerotismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мужской гомоэротизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мужской гомоэротизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Хомоеротичност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хомоеротичност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoerotizm" title="Homoerotizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Homoerotizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гомоеротизм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гомоеротизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%BB%A3i_d%E1%BB%A5c_c%C3%B9ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Gợi dục cùng giới – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gợi dục cùng giới" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Homoerotic">Homoerotic</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sexual attraction between members of the same sex</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Homoeroticism" title="Talk:Homoeroticism">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_the_Chariots,_male_lovers_and_a_bearded_man.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tomb_of_the_Chariots%2C_male_lovers_and_a_bearded_man.png/275px-Tomb_of_the_Chariots%2C_male_lovers_and_a_bearded_man.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tomb_of_the_Chariots%2C_male_lovers_and_a_bearded_man.png/413px-Tomb_of_the_Chariots%2C_male_lovers_and_a_bearded_man.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tomb_of_the_Chariots%2C_male_lovers_and_a_bearded_man.png/550px-Tomb_of_the_Chariots%2C_male_lovers_and_a_bearded_man.png 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>A fresco painting depicting two male lovers and a bearded man, 1827</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Homoeroticism</b> is <a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">sexual attraction</a> between members of the same sex, including both male–male and female–female attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept differs from the concept of <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>: it refers specifically to the desire itself, which can be temporary, whereas "homosexuality" implies a more permanent state of identity or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>. It has been depicted or manifested throughout the history of the <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> and can also be found in performative forms; from <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> to the theatricality of uniformed movements (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Wandervogel" title="Wandervogel">Wandervogel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Gemeinschaft der Eigenen</a>). According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, it is "pertaining to or characterized by a tendency for erotic emotions to be centered on a person of the same sex; or pertaining to a homo-erotic person."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This is a relatively recent <a href="/wiki/Dichotomy" title="Dichotomy">dichotomy</a><sup id="cite_ref-FloodI_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FloodI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that has been studied in the earliest times of <a href="/wiki/History_of_poetry" title="History of poetry">ancient poetry</a> to <a href="/wiki/Drama#Modern_and_postmodern" title="Drama">modern drama</a> by modern scholars. Thus, scholars have analyzed the historical context in many homoerotic representations such as <a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology" title="Classical mythology">classical mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_literature" title="Renaissance literature">Renaissance literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Paintings">paintings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">vase-paintings of ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_pottery" title="Ancient Roman pottery">Ancient Roman pottery</a>. </p><p>Though homoeroticism can differ from the interpersonal homoerotic—as a set of artistic and performative traditions, in which such feelings can be embodied in culture and thus expressed into the wider society<sup id="cite_ref-FloodI_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FloodI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—some authors have cited the influence of personal experiences in ancient authors such as <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibullus" title="Tibullus">Tibullus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a> in their homoerotic poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_and_analysis">Overview and analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview and analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SaraceniSebastian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/SaraceniSebastian.jpg/220px-SaraceniSebastian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/SaraceniSebastian.jpg/330px-SaraceniSebastian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/SaraceniSebastian.jpg/440px-SaraceniSebastian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1571" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sebastian" title="Saint Sebastian">Saint Sebastian</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Saraceni" title="Carlo Saraceni">Carlo Saraceni</a> (c1610-15), Castle Museum, Prague. The image of Sebastian pierced by arrows has regularly been described as homoerotic.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The term "homoerotic" carries with it the weight of modern classifications of love and desire that may not have existed in previous eras. <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</a> as known today was not fully codified until the mid-20th century, though this process began much earlier: </p> <blockquote> <p>Following in the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a>, scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Eve_Kosofsky_Sedgwick" title="Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick">Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Halperin" class="mw-redirect" title="David Halperin">David Halperin</a> have argued that various Victorian public discourses, notably the psychiatric and the legal, fostered a designation or invention of the "homosexual" as a distinct category of individuals, a category solidified by the publications of sexologists such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing" title="Richard von Krafft-Ebing">Richard von Krafft-Ebing</a> (1840–1902) and <a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Havelock Ellis</a> (1859–1939), sexologists who provided an almost-pathological interpretation of the phenomenon in rather Essentialist terms, an interpretation that led, before 1910, to hundreds of articles on the subject in The Netherlands, Germany, and elsewhere. One result of this burgeoning discourse was that the "homosexual" was often portrayed as a corrupter of the innocent, with a predisposition towards both depravity and paederasty—a necessary portrayal if Late-Victorian and Edwardian sexologists were to account for the continuing existence of the "paederast" in a world that had suddenly become bountiful in "homosexuals."<sup id="cite_ref-KaylorSD_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaylorSD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Reclining_male_nude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lesser_Reclining_male_nude.jpg/220px-Lesser_Reclining_male_nude.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lesser_Reclining_male_nude.jpg/330px-Lesser_Reclining_male_nude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lesser_Reclining_male_nude.jpg/440px-Lesser_Reclining_male_nude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><i>Male Nude Lying</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Lesser" title="Aleksander Lesser">Aleksander Lesser</a> (1837), <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, Warsaw">National Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>. The painting was displayed in the temporary exhibition of homoerotic art <i>Ars Homo Erotica</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite an ever-changing and evolving set of modern classifications, members of the same sex often formed intimate associations (many of which were erotic as well as emotional) on their own terms, most notably in the "<a href="/wiki/Romantic_friendship" title="Romantic friendship">romantic friendships</a>" documented in the letters and papers of 18th- and 19th-century men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-NortonGay_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NortonGay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These romantic friendships, which may or may not have included genital sex, were characterized by passionate emotional attachments and what modern thinkers would consider homoerotic overtones. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">Aesthetic</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a> argued in a 1925 essay that homoeroticism is aesthetic, while <a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">heterosexuality</a> is <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prosaic" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:prosaic">prosaic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Psychoanalysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud%27s_views_on_homosexuality" title="Sigmund Freud's views on homosexuality">Sigmund Freud's views on homosexuality</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>, held viewpoints on sexual orientation embedded in his psychoanalytic studies on <a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a>, where "rather than being a matter only for a minority of men who identify as <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, homoeroticism is a part of the very formation of all men as human subjects and social actors."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freud believed humans to be naturally <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexual</a>, however also expressed interest in "the organic determinants of homoeroticism".<sup id="cite_ref-SigmundFreudOnSexualityP58_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SigmundFreudOnSexualityP58-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_examples_in_the_visual_arts">Notable examples in the visual arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable examples in the visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Male–male"><span id="Male.E2.80.93male"></span>Male–male</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Male–male"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gay_literature" title="Gay literature">Gay literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gay_pornography" title="Gay pornography">Gay pornography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_youth_about_to_penetrate_a_compliant_boy,_on_an_elegant_terrace_by_moonlight_V0047308.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_youth_about_to_penetrate_a_compliant_boy%2C_on_an_elegant_terrace_by_moonlight_V0047308.jpg/220px-A_youth_about_to_penetrate_a_compliant_boy%2C_on_an_elegant_terrace_by_moonlight_V0047308.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_youth_about_to_penetrate_a_compliant_boy%2C_on_an_elegant_terrace_by_moonlight_V0047308.jpg/330px-A_youth_about_to_penetrate_a_compliant_boy%2C_on_an_elegant_terrace_by_moonlight_V0047308.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_youth_about_to_penetrate_a_compliant_boy%2C_on_an_elegant_terrace_by_moonlight_V0047308.jpg/440px-A_youth_about_to_penetrate_a_compliant_boy%2C_on_an_elegant_terrace_by_moonlight_V0047308.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3029" data-file-height="2497" /></a><figcaption>Two young men about to have relations, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Male–male examples, in the visual fine arts, range through history: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> vase art; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Roman">Ancient Roman</a> wine goblets (<i>The <a href="/wiki/Warren_Cup" title="Warren Cup">Warren Cup</a></i>). Several <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a> artists are thought to have been homosexual, and homoerotic appreciation of the male body has been identified by critics in works by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>. More explicit sexual imagery occurring in the <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrist</a> styles of the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in artists such as <a href="/wiki/Agnolo_Bronzino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnolo Bronzino">Agnolo Bronzino</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Sweerts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Sweerts (page does not exist)">Michel Sweerts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Saraceni" title="Carlo Saraceni">Carlo Saraceni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, whose works were sometimes severely criticized by the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many 19th century <a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">history paintings</a> of classical characters such as <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_(mythology)" title="Hyacinth (mythology)">Hyacinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)" title="Ganymede (mythology)">Ganymede</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus</a> can also be interpreted as homoerotic; the work of 19th-century artists (such as <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bazille" title="Frédéric Bazille">Frédéric Bazille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Flandrin" title="Hippolyte Flandrin">Hippolyte Flandrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eakins" title="Thomas Eakins">Thomas Eakins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Jansson" title="Eugène Jansson">Eugène Jansson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Scott_Tuke" title="Henry Scott Tuke">Henry Scott Tuke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Beardsley" title="Aubrey Beardsley">Aubrey Beardsley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Enckell" title="Magnus Enckell">Magnus Enckell</a>); through to the modern work of fine artists such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cadmus" title="Paul Cadmus">Paul Cadmus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_%26_George" title="Gilbert & George">Gilbert & George</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fine_art_photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine art photography">Fine art photographers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hammer" title="Karl Hammer">Karl Hammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Gloeden" title="Wilhelm von Gloeden">Wilhelm von Gloeden</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hockney" title="David Hockney">David Hockney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will_McBride_(photographer)" title="Will McBride (photographer)">Will McBride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mapplethorpe" title="Robert Mapplethorpe">Robert Mapplethorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_et_Gilles" title="Pierre et Gilles">Pierre et Gilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Faucon" title="Bernard Faucon">Bernard Faucon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Goicolea" title="Anthony Goicolea">Anthony Goicolea</a> have also made a strong contribution, Mapplethorpe and McBride being notably in breaking down barriers of gallery censorship and braving legal challenges. <a href="/wiki/James_Bidgood_(filmmaker)" title="James Bidgood (filmmaker)">James Bidgood</a> was also an important pioneer in the 1960s, radically moving homoerotic photography away from simple documentary and into areas that were more akin to fine art surrealism.<sup id="cite_ref-Genzlinger_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genzlinger-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Asia, male eroticism also has its roots in traditional <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Shunga" title="Shunga">shunga</a></i> (erotic art), this tradition influenced contemporary Japanese artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Tamotsu_Yat%C5%8D" title="Tamotsu Yatō">Tamotsu Yatō</a> (photography artist), <a href="/wiki/Sadao_Hasegawa" title="Sadao Hasegawa">Sadao Hasegawa</a> (painter) and <a href="/wiki/Gengoroh_Tagame" title="Gengoroh Tagame">Gengoroh Tagame</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> artist). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Female–female"><span id="Female.E2.80.93female"></span>Female–female</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Female–female"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril_(26).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril_%2826%29.jpg/220px-%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril_%2826%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril_%2826%29.jpg/330px-%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril_%2826%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril_%2826%29.jpg/440px-%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril_%2826%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>An example of lesbian erotica by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard-Henri_Avril" title="Édouard-Henri Avril">Édouard-Henri Avril</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erotica" title="Lesbian erotica">Lesbian erotica</a></div> <p>Female–female examples are most historically noticeable in the narrative arts: the lyrics of <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Songs_of_Bilitis" title="The Songs of Bilitis">The Songs of Bilitis</a></i>; novels such as those of <a href="/wiki/Christa_Winsloe" title="Christa Winsloe">Christa Winsloe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radclyffe_Hall" title="Radclyffe Hall">Radclyffe Hall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Rule" title="Jane Rule">Jane Rule</a>, and films such as <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4dchen_in_Uniform_(1931_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mädchen in Uniform (1931 film)">Mädchen in Uniform</a></i>. More recently, lesbian homoeroticism has flowered in photography and the writing of authors such as <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Califia" title="Patrick Califia">Patrick Califia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Winterson" title="Jeanette Winterson">Jeanette Winterson</a>. </p><p>Female homoerotic art by lesbian artists has often been less culturally prominent than the presentation of lesbian eroticism by non-lesbians and for a primarily non-lesbian audience. In the West, this can be seen as long ago as the 1872 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Carmilla" title="Carmilla">Carmilla</a></i>, and is also seen in cinema in such popular films as <i><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle" title="Emmanuelle">Emmanuelle</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_(1983_film)" title="The Hunger (1983 film)">The Hunger</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Showgirls" title="Showgirls">Showgirls</a></i>, and most of all in <a href="/wiki/Lesbianism_in_erotica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbianism in erotica">pornography</a>. In the East, especially <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, lesbianism is the subject of the <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> subgenre <a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">yuri</a>. </p><p>In many texts in the English-speaking world, lesbians have been presented as intensely sexual but also predatory and dangerous (the characters are often <a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">vampires</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the primacy of heterosexuality is usually re-asserted at the story's end. This shows the difference between homoeroticism as a product of the wider culture and homosexual art produced by gay men and women.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_examples_in_writing">Notable examples in writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable examples in writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Homoerotic_poetry" title="Homoerotic poetry">Homoerotic poetry</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The most prominent example of homoeroticism in the <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a> is that of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Shakespeare's sonnets">the sonnets</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>. Though certain <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">critics</a> have made assertions, some in efforts to preserve Shakespeare's literary credibility, to them being non-erotic in nature, no critic has disputed that the majority of Shakespeare's sonnets concern explicitly male–male love poetry. The only other Renaissance artist writing in English to do this was the poet <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnfield" title="Richard Barnfield">Richard Barnfield</a>, who in <i>The Affectionate Shepherd</i> and <i>Cynthia</i> wrote fairly explicitly homoerotic poetry. Barnfield's poems, furthermore, are now widely accepted as a major influence upon Shakespeare's.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The male–male erotic tradition contains poems by major poets such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas">Abu Nuwas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Federico García Lorca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Fernando Pessoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elisar_von_Kupffer" title="Elisar von Kupffer">Elisar von Kupffer</a>'s <i>Lieblingminne und Freundesliebe in der Weltlitteratur</i> (1900) and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Edward Carpenter</a>'s <i>Ioläus: An Anthology of Friendship</i> (1902) were the first known notable attempts at homoerotic anthologies since <i><a href="/wiki/Straton_of_Sardis" title="Straton of Sardis">The Greek Anthology</a></i>. Since then, many anthologies have been published. </p><p>In the female–female tradition, there are poets such as <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Michael_Field_(pseudonym)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Field (pseudonym)">Michael Field</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Duffy" title="Maureen Duffy">Maureen Duffy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a> addressed a number of poems and letters with homoerotic overtones to her sister-in-law Susan Huntington Gilbert. </p><p>Letters can also be potent conveyors of homoerotic feelings; the letters between <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vita_Sackville-West" title="Vita Sackville-West">Vita Sackville-West</a>, two well-known members of the <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a>, are full of homoerotic overtones characterized by this excerpt from Vita's letter to Virginia: "I am reduced to a thing that wants Virginia [...] It is incredible to me how essential you have become [...] I shan't make you love me any the more by giving myself away like this --But oh my dear, I can't be clever and stand-offish with you: I love you too much for that." (January 21, 1926) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Fringe_theories plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-fringe-theories" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may present <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FRINGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FRINGE">fringe theories</a>, without giving <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UNDUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UNDUE">appropriate weight</a> to the mainstream view</b> and explaining the responses to the fringe theories.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit">help improve it</a> or discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Homoeroticism" title="Talk:Homoeroticism">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexuality_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality of Jesus">Sexuality of Jesus</a></div> <p>Although the idea is spread by some Christian circles that non-<a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormative</a> orientation is a sin, some theologians and historians have concluded that <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus of Nazareth</a> had a non-heteronormative behavioral pattern, in some cases based on <a href="/wiki/Apocryphal" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocryphal">apocryphal</a> texts.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some also include the apostles <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some speculate that <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> had homosocial or homoerotic behavior. In the Gospel of John (3:22–36), John the Baptist speaks of himself as the “friend of the bridegroom,” implying that the bridegroom of Christ (Matthew 9:15) is coming to meet his bride, though nothing specific to identify the bride. Jesus was a rabbi, a teacher, and all the rabbis at that time were married; there is no reference to a possible marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some theologians and scholars claim that other Biblical figures engaged in <a href="/wiki/Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">non-heterosexual</a> behavior such as <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/David_and_Jonathan" title="David and Jonathan">David and Jonathan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the canonized saints <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sebastian" title="Saint Sebastian">Saint Sebastian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_cinema">In cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most notable are positive portrayals of homoerotic feelings in relationships, made at feature length and for theatrical exhibition, and made by those who are same-sex oriented.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Successful examples would be: <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4dchen_in_Uniform_(1931_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mädchen in Uniform (1931 film)">Mädchen in Uniform</a></i>, Germany (1931); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Leather_Boys" title="The Leather Boys">The Leather Boys</a></i>, UK (1964); <i><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_Rising_(film)" title="Scorpio Rising (film)">Scorpio Rising</a></i>, U.S. (1964); <i><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Venice_(film)" title="Death in Venice (film)">Death in Venice</a></i>, Italy (1971); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Civil_Servant_(film)" title="The Naked Civil Servant (film)">The Naked Civil Servant</a></i>, UK (1975); <i><a href="/wiki/Sebastiane" title="Sebastiane">Sebastiane</a></i>, UK (1976); <i><a href="/wiki/Outrageous!" title="Outrageous!">Outrageous!</a></i>, Canada (1977); <i><a href="/wiki/My_Beautiful_Laundrette" title="My Beautiful Laundrette">My Beautiful Laundrette</a></i>, UK (1985); <i><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(1987_film)" title="Maurice (1987 film)">Maurice</a></i>, UK (1987); <a href="/wiki/The_Talented_Mr._Ripley_(film)" title="The Talented Mr. Ripley (film)">the Talented Mr. Ripley</a>, US (1999); <i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Vacation_1999" title="Summer Vacation 1999">Summer Vacation 1999</a></i>, Japan, (1988); <i><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Drive_(film)" title="Mulholland Drive (film)">Mulholland Drive</a></i>, U.S. (2001); <i><a href="/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain" title="Brokeback Mountain">Brokeback Mountain</a></i>, U.S. (2005); <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_(film)" title="Black Swan (film)">Black Swan</a></i>, U.S. (2010); <i><a href="/wiki/Carol_(film)" title="Carol (film)">Carol</a></i>, UK/U.S. (2015) and most recently <i><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(2016_film)" title="Moonlight (2016 film)">Moonlight</a></i> U.S. (2016), and <i><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_by_Your_Name_(film)" title="Call Me by Your Name (film)">Call Me by Your Name</a></i>, U.S./Italy (2017). Also of note is the 1990 feature-length <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Oranges_Are_Not_the_Only_Fruit_(TV_serial)" title="Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (TV serial)">Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit</a></i>. </p><p>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian,_gay,_bisexual_or_transgender-related_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films">List of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_introductory_books">Key introductory books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Key introductory books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Classical and medieval literature:</b> </p> <ul><li>Murray & Roscoe. <i>Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature</i> (1997)</li> <li>J. W. Wright. <i>Homoeroticism in Classical Arabic Literature</i> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rictor_Norton" title="Rictor Norton">Rictor Norton</a>. <i>The Homosexual Literary Tradition</i> (1974) (Greek, Roman & Elizabethan England)</li></ul> <p><b>Literature after 1850:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Leavitt" title="David Leavitt">David Leavitt</a>. <i>Pages Passed from Hand to Hand : The Hidden Tradition of Homosexual Literature in English from 1748 to 1914</i> (1998)</li> <li>Timothy d'Arch Smith. <i>Love In Earnest; some notes on the lives and writings of English 'Uranian' poets from 1889 to 1930</i> (1970)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmkaylor.com">Michael Matthew Kaylor, <i>Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde</i> (2006)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604143426/http://mmkaylor.com/">Archived</a> 2023-06-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a 500-page scholarly volume that considers the major Victorian writers of Uranian poetry and prose (the author has made this volume available in a free, open-access, PDF version).</li> <li>Mark Lilly. <i>Gay Men's Literature in the Twentieth Century</i> (1993)</li> <li>Patricia Juliana Smith. <i>Lesbian Panic: Homoeroticism in Modern British Women's Fiction</i> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Woods" title="Gregory Woods">Gregory Woods</a>. <i>Articulate Flesh – male homoeroticism and modern poetry</i> (1989) (USA poets)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vita_Sackville-West" title="Vita Sackville-West">Vita Sackville-West</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louise_DeSalvo" title="Louise DeSalvo">Louise DeSalvo</a>, Mitchell A. Leaska, editors. <i>Vita Sackville-West The Letters of Vita Sackville-West to Virginia Woolf</i> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>. <i>Congenial Spirits: The Selected Letters of Virginia Woolf</i> Joanne Trautmann Banks, editor (Harcourt Brace, 1991)</li> <li>Joe Dowson. <i>Past Thoughts and Precognition: Eroticism Through My Eyes</i> (Self Published, co-author by D.Cameron, 2013)</li></ul> <p><b>Visual arts:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Weinberg" title="Jonathan Weinberg">Jonathan Weinberg</a>. <i>Male Desire: The Homoerotic in American Art</i> (2005)</li> <li>James M. Saslow. <i>Pictures and Passions: A History of Homosexuality in the Visual Arts</i> (1999)</li> <li>Allen Ellenzweig. <i>The Homoerotic Photograph: Male Images, Delacroix to Mapplethorpe</i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Waugh" title="Thomas Waugh">Thomas Waugh</a>. <i>Hard to Imagine: Gay Male Eroticism in Photography and Film from Their Beginnings to Stonewall</i> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Cooper" title="Emmanuel Cooper">Emmanuel Cooper</a>. <i>The Sexual Perspective: Homosexuality and Art in the Last 100 Years in the West</i> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_J._Summers" title="Claude J. Summers">Claude J. Summers</a> (editor). <i>The Queer Encyclopedia of the Visual Arts</i> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Hammond" title="Harmony Hammond">Harmony Hammond</a>. <i>Lesbian Art in America: A Contemporary History</i> (2000) (Post-1968 only)</li> <li>Laura Doan. <i>Fashioning Sapphism: The Origins of a Modern English Lesbian Culture</i> (2001) (Post-<a href="/wiki/WW_I" class="mw-redirect" title="WW I">WW I</a> in England)</li></ul> <p><b>Performing arts:</b> </p> <ul><li>Ramsay Burt. <i>The Male Dancer: Bodies, Spectacle, Sexualities</i> (3rd Revised Edition 2022)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bara_(genre)" title="Bara (genre)">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_theory" title="Body theory">Body theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_love" title="Boys' love">Boys' love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BL_dramas" title="List of BL dramas">List of BL dramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Sex in advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen-ai" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōnen-ai">Shōnen-ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_fiction" title="Slash fiction">Slash fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranian_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranian poetry">Uranian poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Younger, 2005, p.80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted by Flood, 2007, p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FloodI-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FloodI_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FloodI_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, 2007, p.307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Younger, 2005, p.38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glbtq.com/arts/subjects_st_sebastian.html">glbtg: an encyclopaedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070901002221/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/subjects_st_sebastian.html">Archived</a> September 1, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KaylorSD-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KaylorSD_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaylor, <i>Secreted Desires</i>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NortonGay-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NortonGay_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rictor Norton, ed., <i>My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries</i>, Gay Sunshine Press, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Über die Ehe (On Marriage)</i>, 1925. Quoted by Kontje, 2002, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Flood, 2007, p.308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SigmundFreudOnSexualityP58-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SigmundFreudOnSexualityP58_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewes1988">Lewes 1988</a>, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Berger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studio-international.co.uk/archive/Caravaggio_1983_196_998.asp">Caravaggio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070519213317/http://www.studio-international.co.uk/archive/Caravaggio_1983_196_998.asp">Archived</a> 2007-05-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Studio International, p. 1983, Volume 196 Number 998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genzlinger-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Genzlinger_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGenzlinger2022" class="citation news cs1">Genzlinger, Neil (February 4, 2022). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/arts/james-bidgood-dead.html">"James Bidgood, Master of Erotic Gay Photography, Dies at 88"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+Bidgood%2C+Master+of+Erotic+Gay+Photography%2C+Dies+at+88&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F04%2Farts%2Fjames-bidgood-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaugherty2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Daugherty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Daugherty (page does not exist)">Daugherty, Leo</a> (2001). "The Question of Topical Allusion in Richard Barnfield's Pastoral Verse". In Boris, Kenneth; Klawitter, George (eds.). <i>The Affectionate Shepherd: Celebrating Richard Barnfield</i>. Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Question+of+Topical+Allusion+in+Richard+Barnfield%27s+Pastoral+Verse&rft.btitle=The+Affectionate+Shepherd%3A+Celebrating+Richard+Barnfield&rft.place=Pennsylvania&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Susquehanna+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Daugherty&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt" class="citation journal cs1">Hunt, Mary E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ebr.mollenkottvirginiaramey">"Mollenkott, Virginia Ramey"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of the Bible Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Febr.mollenkottvirginiaramey">10.1515/ebr.mollenkottvirginiaramey</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245037134">245037134</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Bible+Online&rft.atitle=Mollenkott%2C+Virginia+Ramey&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Febr.mollenkottvirginiaramey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245037134%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Mary+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1515%2Febr.mollenkottvirginiaramey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapoport2004" class="citation book cs1">Rapoport, Chaim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52509644"><i>Judaism and homosexuality : an authentic Orthodox view</i></a>. London: Vallentine Mitchell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85303-452-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85303-452-4"><bdi>0-85303-452-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52509644">52509644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judaism+and+homosexuality+%3A+an+authentic+Orthodox+view&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vallentine+Mitchell&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52509644&rft.isbn=0-85303-452-4&rft.aulast=Rapoport&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F52509644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings2010" class="citation cs2">Jennings, Theodore W. 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San Francisco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-063318-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-063318-2"><bdi>0-06-063318-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27013434">27013434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+acted+up+%3A+a+gay+and+lesbian+manifesto&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27013434&rft.isbn=0-06-063318-2&rft.aulast=Goss&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThatcher2018" class="citation journal cs1">Thatcher, Tom (2018-09-10). 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Cleveland: Pilgrim Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8298-1535-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8298-1535-X"><bdi>0-8298-1535-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51586948">51586948</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+man+Jesus+loved+%3A+homoerotic+narratives+from+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Cleveland&rft.pub=Pilgrim+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51586948&rft.isbn=0-8298-1535-X&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Theodore+W.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F51586948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVery1993" class="citation cs2">Very, Jones (1993), Deese, Helen R (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00241903">"Jacob wrestling with the Angel"</a>, <i>Jones Very: The Complete Poems</i>, University of Georgia Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foseo%2Finstance.00241903">10.1093/oseo/instance.00241903</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820314815" title="Special:BookSources/9780820314815"><bdi>9780820314815</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jones+Very%3A+The+Complete+Poems&rft.atitle=Jacob+wrestling+with+the+Angel&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foseo%2Finstance.00241903&rft.isbn=9780820314815&rft.aulast=Very&rft.aufirst=Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Foseo%2Finstance.00241903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444396386.ch9">"The Bible and Same-Sex Love"</a>, <i>God, Sex, and Gender</i>, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 155–174, 2011-04-20, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444396386.ch9">10.1002/9781444396386.ch9</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9638-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9638-6"><bdi>978-1-4443-9638-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=God%2C+Sex%2C+and+Gender&rft.atitle=The+Bible+and+Same-Sex+Love&rft.pages=155-174&rft.date=2011-04-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444396386.ch9&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9638-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%2F9781444396386.ch9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2005" class="citation book cs1">Ackerman, Susan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/213304831"><i>When heroes love : the ambiguity of eros in the stories of Gilgamesh and David</i></a>. 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(2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230623736_6">"What has Paris to do with Assisi? The Theological Creation of a Saint"</a>, <i>Finding Saint Francis in Literature and Art</i>, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 79–93, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230623736_6">10.1057/9780230623736_6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-37123-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-37123-5"><bdi>978-1-349-37123-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finding+Saint+Francis+in+Literature+and+Art&rft.atitle=What+has+Paris+to+do+with+Assisi%3F+The+Theological+Creation+of+a+Saint&rft.pages=79-93&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230623736_6&rft.isbn=978-1-349-37123-5&rft.aulast=Apczynski&rft.aufirst=John+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1057%2F9780230623736_6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods1999" class="citation cs2">Woods, Gregory (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27121-4_4">"The Art of Friendship in Roderick Hudson"</a>, <i>Henry James and Homo-Erotic Desire</i>, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 69–77, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-27121-4_4">10.1007/978-1-349-27121-4_4</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-27123-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-27123-8"><bdi>978-1-349-27123-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Henry+James+and+Homo-Erotic+Desire&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+Friendship+in+Roderick+Hudson&rft.pages=69-77&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-27121-4_4&rft.isbn=978-1-349-27123-8&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-27121-4_4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>BURGER, Michael. <i>The Shaping of Western Civilization: From Antiquity to the Enlightenment</i> (University of Toronto Press, 2008), 308 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55111-432-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-55111-432-1">1-55111-432-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-432-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-432-3">978-1-55111-432-3</a></li> <li>YOUNGER, John Grimes. <i>Sex in the ancient world from A to Z</i> (Routledge, 2005), 217 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-24252-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-24252-5">0-415-24252-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24252-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24252-3">978-0-415-24252-3</a></li> <li>FLOOD, Michael. <i>International encyclopedia of men and masculinities</i> (Routledge, 2007), 704 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-33343-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-33343-1">0-415-33343-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-33343-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-33343-6">978-0-415-33343-6</a></li> <li>HEILBUT, Anthony. <i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>: Eros and Literature</i> (University of California Press, 1997), 638 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20911-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-20911-7">0-520-20911-7</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20911-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20911-4">978-0-520-20911-4</a></li> <li>KONTJE, Todd Curtis. <i>A companion to German realism, 1848–1900</i> (Camden House, 2002), 412 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57113-322-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57113-322-4">1-57113-322-4</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-322-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-322-9">978-1-57113-322-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewes1988" class="citation cs2">Lewes, Kenneth (1988), <i>The Psychoanalytic Theory of Male Homosexuality</i>, New York: New American Library, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-452-01003-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-452-01003-9"><bdi>0-452-01003-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychoanalytic+Theory+of+Male+Homosexuality&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+American+Library&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-452-01003-9&rft.aulast=Lewes&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomoeroticism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>FALCON, Felix Lance. <i>Gay Art: a Historic Collection [and history]</i>, ed. and with an introd. & captions by Thomas Waugh (Arsenal Pulp Press, 2006), 255 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55152-205-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55152-205-5">1-55152-205-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeroticism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/iolaus.asp"><i>Ioläus: An Anthology of Friendship</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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Bookshop">Naked Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_%26_Sinners_LGBTQ%2B_Literary_Festival" title="Saints & Sinners LGBTQ+ Literary Festival">Saints and Sinners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Metropolis" title="Blue Metropolis">Violet Metropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_literature_in_Argentina" title="LGBT literature in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_literature_in_Colombia" title="LGBT literature in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_literature_in_Ecuador" title="LGBT literature in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_literature_in_El_Salvador" title="LGBT literature in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_literature_in_Iceland" title="LGBT literature in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> 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title="List of BL dramas">BL dramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay_novels_prior_to_the_Stonewall_riots" title="List of gay novels prior to the Stonewall riots">Early gay novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_pulp_fiction" title="Gay pulp fiction">Pulp fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_fiction" title="Slash fiction">Slash fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omegaverse" title="Omegaverse">Omegaverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_teen_fiction" title="Gay teen fiction">Teen fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_love" title="Boys' love">BL/yaoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danmei" title="Danmei">Danmei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_pornography" title="Gay pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Media portrayal of LGBTQ people">Media portrayals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_literature" title="Lesbian literature">Lesbian literature</a> and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_S_(culture)" title="Class S (culture)">Class S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erotica" title="Lesbian erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femslash" title="Femslash">Femslash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian_fiction" title="List of lesbian fiction">List of lesbian fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_pulp_fiction" title="Lesbian pulp fiction">Pulp fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erotica" title="Lesbian erotica">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_lesbians" title="Media portrayal of lesbians">Media portrayals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_literature" title="Transgender literature">Transgender literature</a> and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_publications" title="List of transgender publications">List of transgender publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people" title="Media portrayals of transgender people">Media portrayals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pornography" title="Transgender pornography">Pornography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other literature and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_literature" title="Bisexual literature">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_about_intersex" title="Literature about intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_pornography" title="Bisexual pornography">Bisexual pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_bisexuality" title="Media portrayals of bisexuality">Media portrayals of bisexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBTQ themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homoeroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_comics" title="LGBT themes in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_themes_in_horror_fiction" title="LGBTQ themes in horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_mythology" title="LGBT themes in mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT-themed_speculative_fiction" title="List of LGBT-themed speculative fiction">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_themes_in_video_games" title="LGBTQ themes in video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_themes_in_anime_and_manga" title="LGBTQ themes in anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-gender_world" title="Single-gender world">Single-gender world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBTQ characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By medium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_characters_in_modern_written_fiction" title="List of LGBTQ characters in modern written fiction">Modern written fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_films_with_LGBTQ_characters" title="List of animated films with LGBTQ characters">Animated films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBTQ_characters" title="List of animated series with LGBTQ characters">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBTQ_characters#1960–1980s" title="List of animated series with LGBTQ characters">1960s–1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBTQ_characters:_1990%E2%80%931999" title="List of animated series with LGBTQ characters: 1990–1999">1990s</a></li> <li>2000s <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2000%E2%80%932004" title="List of animated series with LGBT characters: 2000–2004">2000–04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2005%E2%80%932009" title="List of animated series with LGBT characters: 2005–2009">2005–09</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010s <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2010%E2%80%932014" title="List of animated series with LGBT characters: 2010–2014">2010–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2015%E2%80%932019" title="List of animated series with LGBT characters: 2015–2019">2015–19</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020s <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2020%E2%80%93present" title="List of animated series with LGBT characters: 2020–present">2020–present</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_graphic_art_works_with_LGBT_characters" title="List of graphic art works with LGBT characters">Graphic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_characters_in_soap_operas" title="List of LGBT characters in soap operas">Soap operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_webcomics_with_LGBT_characters" title="List of webcomics with LGBT characters">Webcomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_with_LGBTQ_characters" title="List of video games with LGBTQ characters">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_with_LGBT_characters:_2010s" title="List of video games with LGBT characters: 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_with_LGBT_characters:_2020s" title="List of video games with LGBT characters: 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_asexual_characters" title="List of fictional asexual characters">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_aromantic_characters" title="List of fictional aromantic characters">Aromantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_bisexual_characters" title="List of fictional bisexual characters">Bisexual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bisexual_characters_in_animation" title="List of bisexual characters in animation">in animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_gay_characters" title="List of fictional gay characters">Gay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay_characters_in_animation" title="List of gay characters in animation">in animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_intersex_characters" title="List of fictional intersex characters">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_lesbian_characters" title="List of fictional lesbian characters">Lesbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian_characters_in_animation" title="List of lesbian characters in animation">in animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_non-binary_characters" title="List of fictional non-binary characters">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_pansexual_characters" title="List of fictional pansexual characters">Pansexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_trans_characters" title="List of fictional trans characters">Transgender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television<br />and radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_genre" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comedy_television_series_with_LGBT_characters" title="List of comedy television series with LGBT characters">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_made-for-television_films_with_LGBT_characters" title="List of made-for-television films with LGBT characters">TV film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_representation_in_children%27s_television" title="LGBTQ representation in children's television">Children's TV programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_characters_in_radio_and_podcasts" title="List of LGBTQ characters in radio and podcasts">Radio and podcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BL_dramas" title="List of BL dramas">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dramatic_television_series_with_LGBT_characters:_1960s%E2%80%932000s" title="List of dramatic television series with LGBT characters: 1960s–2000s">1960s–2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dramatic_television_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2010%E2%80%932015" title="List of dramatic television series with LGBT characters: 2010–2015">2010–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dramatic_television_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2016%E2%80%932019" title="List of dramatic television series with LGBT characters: 2016–2019">2016–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dramatic_television_series_with_LGBT_characters:_2020s" title="List of dramatic television series with LGBT characters: 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_television_series_with_LGBT_characters" title="List of horror television series with LGBT characters">Horror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_television_programs_with_LGBT_characters" title="Lists of television programs with LGBT characters">Shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_American_television_episodes_with_LGBT_themes" title="Lists of American television episodes with LGBT themes">Episodes</a></li> <li>Characters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lesbian_characters_in_television" title="List of lesbian characters in television">lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gay_characters_in_television" title="List of gay characters in television">gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bisexual_characters_in_television" title="List of bisexual characters in television">bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feature_films_with_transgender_characters" title="List of feature films with transgender characters">transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_works_about_intersex" title="Television works about intersex">intersex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animation on</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_and_LGBT_representation" title="Cartoon Network and LGBT representation">Cartoon Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_and_LGBTQ_representation_in_animation" title="Disney and LGBTQ representation in animation">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix_and_LGBTQ_representation_in_animation" title="Netflix and LGBTQ representation in animation">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_and_LGBT_representation" title="Nickelodeon and LGBT representation">Nickelodeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films_directed_by_women" title="List of LGBTQ-related films directed by women">directed by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_films_by_storyline" title="List of LGBT-related films by storyline">by storyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_films_by_year" title="List of LGBT-related films by year">by year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_feature_films_with_LGBT_characters" title="Lists of feature films with LGBT characters">LGBT characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_representation_in_film" title="Intersex representation in film">Intersex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_themes_in_Western_animation" title="LGBTQ themes in Western animation">Western animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_homosexuality_in_American_film" title="History of homosexuality in American film">History of homosexuality in American film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_asexuality" title="Media portrayal of asexuality">Media portrayal of asexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_pansexuality" title="Media portrayal of pansexuality">Media portrayal of pansexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_characters_in_fiction" title="Non-binary characters in fiction">Non-binary characters in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_characters_in_fiction" title="Intersex characters in fiction">Intersex characters in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_characters_in_fiction" title="Gay characters in fiction">Gay characters in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cross-dressing_characters_in_animated_series" title="List of cross-dressing characters in animated series">cross-dressing characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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