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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruins_in_Charleston,_South_Carolina_by_George_N._Barnard_-_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ruins_in_Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_by_George_N._Barnard_-_crop.jpg/290px-Ruins_in_Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_by_George_N._Barnard_-_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ruins_in_Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_by_George_N._Barnard_-_crop.jpg/435px-Ruins_in_Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_by_George_N._Barnard_-_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ruins_in_Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_by_George_N._Barnard_-_crop.jpg/580px-Ruins_in_Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_by_George_N._Barnard_-_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2485" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>"Ruins in Charleston, S.C." from <i>Photographic Views of the Sherman Campaign</i> by <a href="/wiki/George_N._Barnard" title="George N. Barnard">George N. Barnard</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, played a pivotal role at the start of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> as a stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> and an important Atlantic port for the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>. The first shots of the conflict were fired there by cadets of <a href="/wiki/The_Citadel,_The_Military_College_of_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina">The Citadel</a>, who aimed to prevent a ship from resupplying the U.S. Army soldiers garrisoned at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumter" title="Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a>. Three months later, a large-scale bombardment of Fort Sumter ignited a nationwide call to quell the rebellion. U.S. Army and Navy troops made repeated, concerted efforts to degrade the city fortifications throughout the war. Still, they would only retake control over and liberate the city in the conflict's final months. The prolonged struggle substantially damaged the city. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_war_years">Early war years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early war years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Charleston in the American Civil War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860 Census</a></i>, Charleston was the 22nd largest city in the United States, with a population of 40,522. As the 1814 <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Burning of Washington</a> had shown, America's coastal cities were vulnerable to a hostile fleet. The United States began building substantial forts along the Atlantic seaboard, including Fort Sumter, on a shoal in <a href="/wiki/Charleston_harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Charleston harbor">Charleston harbor</a>. Smaller and older forts and bastions helped protect the fort from enemy ships. </p><p>Beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> in 1820, <a href="/wiki/Proslavery_thought" title="Proslavery thought">proslavery thought</a> and the defense of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the American South">slavery</a>, more than tariffs or <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>, fomented sectionalism in South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White southerners feared slave revolts; half of the state's population were enslaved Black people. Following the <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 United States presidential election</a> of Abraham Lincoln, South Carolina convoked <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Declaration_of_Secession" title="South Carolina Declaration of Secession">a secession convention</a> to consider withdrawing from the United States in light of restrictions on the expansion of slavery into U.S. territories. On December 20, 1860, the convention voted to <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Declaration_of_Secession" title="South Carolina Declaration of Secession">declare secession</a> from the United States, the first state to do so, citing Lincoln's opposition to expanding slavery to territories outside where it was already present in current U.S. states. The Secession Convention declared: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assume the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the right of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of slavery; they have permitted open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Following its declared secession from the United States in December, South Carolina <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">militia</a> seized <a href="/wiki/Castle_Pinckney" title="Castle Pinckney">Castle Pinckney</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Charleston_Arsenal" title="Charleston Arsenal">Charleston Arsenal</a> and their supplies of arms and ammunition. On January 9, 1861, <a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_(Military_College)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Citadel (Military College)">Citadel</a> cadets fired upon the merchant ship USS<span class="nowrap"> </span><i><a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_West" title="Star of the West">Star of the West</a></i> as it was entering Charleston's harbor to resupply U.S. soldiers garrisoned at Fort Sumter. The Buchanan administration had sent the ship with relief supplies of men and matériel. As the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> organized late that winter, old and abandoned forts were reoccupied around Charleston to target the massive, though incomplete, U.S. Army fort. Just as President Lincoln was inaugurated, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">P. G. T. Beauregard</a> to command the siege of Fort Sumter. Informed by the Lincoln administration that a supply ship, with food but no men or munitions, was to restock the fortress, Davis, after consulting with his cabinet on April 9, ordered Beauregard to capture the fort before it was resupplied. </p><p>On April 12, at 3:20 AM, Robert Chestnut sent a final ultimatum to the commander of the garrison, U.S. Major <a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Civil_War)" title="Robert Anderson (Civil War)">Robert Anderson</a>. Chestnut threatened that in one hour, the batteries commanded by Beauregard would open fire. Anderson had been a professor of artillery at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a>, and had instructed Beauregard. After a 34-hour bombardment, Anderson surrendered the fort. </p><p>Throughout much of the war, Citadel cadets continued to aid the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Army">Confederate Army</a> by drilling recruits, manufacturing ammunition, protecting arms depots, and guarding U.S. prisoners-of-war.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charleston_ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Charleston_ruins.jpg/220px-Charleston_ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Charleston_ruins.jpg/330px-Charleston_ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Charleston_ruins.jpg/440px-Charleston_ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>Ruins from the fire of 1861, seen from the Circular Church in Charleston, 1865</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Finbar_Ruins_Charleston_William_Aiken_Walker_painting_1868.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Finbar_Ruins_Charleston_William_Aiken_Walker_painting_1868.jpeg/220px-St_Finbar_Ruins_Charleston_William_Aiken_Walker_painting_1868.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Finbar_Ruins_Charleston_William_Aiken_Walker_painting_1868.jpeg/330px-St_Finbar_Ruins_Charleston_William_Aiken_Walker_painting_1868.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Finbar_Ruins_Charleston_William_Aiken_Walker_painting_1868.jpeg/440px-St_Finbar_Ruins_Charleston_William_Aiken_Walker_painting_1868.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="897" /></a><figcaption><i>St. John & St. Finbar's Church, Broad Street, Charleston</i>, William Aiken Walker, 1868. The ruins of the church of St. John & St. Finbar following the fire of 1861.</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 11, 1861, a massive fire burned 164 acres of the city, destroying the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_John_and_Saint_Finbar" title="Cathedral of Saint John and Saint Finbar">Cathedral of Saint John and Saint Finbar</a>, the Circular Congregational Church and South Carolina Institute hall, and nearly 600 other buildings. Much of the damage remained unrepaired until the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amos Gadsden, a formerly enslaved person, recounted that a balloon started it while Union and Confederate troops were camped on opposite sides of the river.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many in the North saw this fire as divine retribution for secession.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1862, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Secessionville" title="Battle of Secessionville">Battle of Secessionville</a>, on modern-day <a href="/wiki/James_Island,_South_Carolina" title="James Island, South Carolina">James Island, South Carolina</a>, was the only U.S. Army effort to retake control of Charleston by land during the war. Confederate forces defeated the effort by U.S. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Washington_Benham" title="Henry Washington Benham">Henry Washington Benham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_war_years">Later war years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later war years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Siege_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War#Campaign_against_Charleston_Harbor" title="Siege artillery in the American Civil War">Siege artillery in the American Civil War § Campaign against Charleston Harbor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charleston,_South_Carolina_(1865).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_%281865%29.jpg/220px-Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_%281865%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_%281865%29.jpg/330px-Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_%281865%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_%281865%29.jpg/440px-Charleston%2C_South_Carolina_%281865%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2649" data-file-height="1610" /></a><figcaption>Charleston, 1865</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charleston_sc_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Charleston_sc_1865.jpg/220px-Charleston_sc_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Charleston_sc_1865.jpg/330px-Charleston_sc_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Charleston_sc_1865.jpg/440px-Charleston_sc_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>The ruins of Mills House and nearby buildings. A shell-damaged carriage and the remains of a brick chimney are in the foreground, 1865</figcaption></figure> <p>The U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Blockaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockaded">Union blockade</a> many Confederate-controlled port cities. Charleston became an haven for Confederate <a href="/wiki/Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Blockade runners of the American Civil War">blockade runners</a> despite repeated U.S. efforts to retake Charleston and control those supplying Confederate interests, including a <a href="/wiki/Stone_Fleet" title="Stone Fleet">Stone Fleet</a> of sunken ships. Nevertheless, Confederates resisted U.S. naval forces for most of the war's four years. </p><p>In 1863, U.S. Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Francis_Du_Pont" title="Samuel Francis Du Pont">Samuel Francis Du Pont</a> began an offensive campaign against the defenses of <a href="/wiki/Charleston_Harbor" title="Charleston Harbor">Charleston Harbor</a>, beginning with a combined <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Charleston_Harbor" title="First Battle of Charleston Harbor">First Battle of Charleston Harbor</a>. However, the naval bombardment accomplished little, and the land forces were never put ashore. By the summer of 1863, the Union turned its attention to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wagner" title="Fort Wagner">Battery Wagner</a> on <a href="/wiki/Morris_Island" title="Morris Island">Morris Island</a>, which guarded the harbor entrance from the southwest. In the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fort_Wagner" title="First Battle of Fort Wagner">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fort_Wagner" title="Second Battle of Fort Wagner">Second Battle of Fort Wagner</a>, Confederates repelled and inflicted heavy casualites on U.S. forces attempting to capture the fort. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Charleston_Harbor" title="Second Battle of Charleston Harbor">Second Battle of Charleston Harbor</a>, however, resulted in Confederate abandonment of Fort Wagner by September 1863. An attempt to recapture <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Second Battle of Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">U.S. naval</a> raiding party also failed severely. Still, Fort Sumter was gradually reduced to rubble via bombardment from shore batteries after the capture of Morris Island. </p><p>With the development of newer, longer-range artillery, and as U.S. Army soldiers could place batteries even closer to the city, the city was subjected to increasing bombardment. In November 1863, Jefferson Davis visited the city and opined that it was better for the city to be reduced to "a heap of ruins" than surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bombardment that began in late 1863 continued on and off for 587 days<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and destroyed much of the city that had survived the fire. A coordinated series of U.S. attacks on the city were launched in early July 1864, including an amphibious assault on Fort Johnson and an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Johns_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Johns Island, South Carolina">Johns Island</a>. These attacks failed but continued to wear down Confederate defenders. The Confederates were finally beaten back, and the U.S. Army liberated the city only a month and a half before the war ended. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg/220px-Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg/330px-Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg/440px-Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Joyful Blacks receive colored troops (with white officers) singing "<a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body">John Brown's Body</a>" as they led the U.S. Army into <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, in 1865.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Harbor" title="Charleston Harbor">Charleston Harbor</a> was also the site of the first successful <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> attack in history on February 17, 1864, when the <i><a href="/wiki/H.L._Hunley" class="mw-redirect" title="H.L. Hunley">H.L. Hunley</a></i> made a <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_USS_Housatonic" title="Sinking of USS Housatonic">night attack</a> on the <a href="/wiki/USS_Housatonic_(1861)" title="USS Housatonic (1861)">USS <i>Housatonic</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the <i>Hunley</i> survived the attack, she foundered and sank while returning, ending the threat to the U.S. blockade. </p><p>As U.S. Army General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a> marched through South Carolina, the situation for Confederates in Charleston became ever more precarious. On February 15, 1865, Beauregard ordered the evacuation of remaining Confederate forces. <a href="/wiki/Carolinas_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolinas Campaign">On February 18</a>, the mayor surrendered the city to U.S. Army General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schimmelfennig" title="Alexander Schimmelfennig">Alexander Schimmelfennig</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and U.S. soldiers retook control of key sites. The first soldiers to enter the city were members of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Infantry_Regiment_of_the_US_Colored_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Infantry Regiment of the US Colored Troops">21st Infantry Regiment of the US Colored Troops</a> and the <a href="/wiki/55th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment" title="55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment">55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment</a>, another Black regiment,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> singing "<a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body">John Brown's Body</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._celebrations">U.S. celebrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. celebrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_at_Fort_Sumter" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising the Flag at Fort Sumter">Raising the Flag at Fort Sumter</a></div> <p>The retaking of Charleston was the cause of celebration throughout the United States. The flag lowered at the surrender of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumter" title="Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a> in 1861, at the outset of the war, had been treated as an heirloom, housed in a specially-made case and exhibited at patriotic events to assist in fundraising. The same officer who had lowered it was sent to Charleston to raise it back up. Chartered boats brought hundreds of attendees from as far as New York. (Black people were on a separate boat with a Black captain.) The keynote speaker was America's most famous clergyman, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a> and many reporters also attended. The episode has been largely forgotten because that night, April 14, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">President Lincoln was assassinated</a>. </p><p>U.S. soldiers remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I doubt any city was ever more terribly punished than Charleston, but as her people had for years been agitating for war and discord, and had finally inaugurated the Civil War, the judgment of the world will be that Charleston deserved the fate that befell her.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>General Sherman's Official Account of His Great March Through Georgia and the Carolinas</i>, W. T. Sherman.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Columbia, South Carolina, in the American Civil War">Columbia, South Carolina, in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina in the American Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cauthen (1950) p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp">"Avalon Project - Confederate States of America - Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avalon+Project+-+Confederate+States+of+America+-+Declaration+of+the+Immediate+Causes+Which+Induce+and+Justify+the+Secession+of+South+Carolina+from+the+Federal+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2F19th_century%2Fcsa_scarsec.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808235313/http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20110130/PC1602/301309938">"Charleston at War: Charleston beaten down by Great Fire - Post and Courier"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20110130/PC1602/301309938">the original</a> on 2014-08-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charleston+at+War%3A+Charleston+beaten+down+by+Great+Fire+-+Post+and+Courier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postandcourier.com%2Farticle%2F20110130%2FPC1602%2F301309938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/21508/21508-h/21508-h.htm">"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Slave Narratives, Volume XIV, South Carolina Narratives, Part 2, Prepared by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of South Carolina"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Project+Gutenberg+eBook+of+Slave+Narratives%2C+Volume+XIV%2C+South+Carolina+Narratives%2C+Part+2%2C+Prepared+by+the+Federal+Writers%27+Project+of+the+Works+Progress+Administration+for+the+State+of+South+Carolina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F21508%2F21508-h%2F21508-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinedecker2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_L._Linedecker" title="Clifford L. Linedecker">Linedecker, Clifford L.</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilwartozcompl0000unse/page/86/mode/2up?q=divine"><i>Civil War A to Z: The Complete Handbook of America's Bloodiest Comment</i></a></span>. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0345458087" title="Special:BookSources/0345458087"><bdi>0345458087</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+A+to+Z%3A+The+Complete+Handbook+of+America%27s+Bloodiest+Comment&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0345458087&rft.aulast=Linedecker&rft.aufirst=Clifford+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilwartozcompl0000unse%2Fpage%2F86%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Ddivine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen1982" class="citation book cs1">Rosen, Robert (1982). <i>A Short History of Charleston</i>. University of South Carolina Press. p. 118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Charleston&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarobin2017" class="citation book cs1">Starobin, Paul (1 April 2017). <i>Madness Rules the Hour: Charleston, 1860 and the Mania for War</i>. 3472: <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610396226" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610396226"><bdi>978-1610396226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madness+Rules+the+Hour%3A+Charleston%2C+1860+and+the+Mania+for+War&rft.place=3472&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1610396226&rft.aulast=Starobin&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/org12-3.htm">U.S. Navy history website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarobin2017" class="citation book cs1">Starobin, Paul (1 April 2017). <i>Madness Rules the Hour: Charleston, 1860 and the Mania for War</i>. 3484: Public Affairs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madness+Rules+the+Hour%3A+Charleston%2C+1860+and+the+Mania+for+War&rft.place=3484&rft.pub=Public+Affairs&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.aulast=Starobin&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman1865" class="citation book cs1">Sherman, William T. (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalshermans00shergoog"><i><span></span></i>General Sherman's Official Account of His Great March Through Georgia and the Carolinas<i><span></span></i></a>. Bunce & Huntington. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalshermans00shergoog/page/n132">130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Sherman%27s+Official+Account+of+His+Great+March+Through+Georgia+and+the+Carolinas&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Bunce+%26+Huntington&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=William+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralshermans00shergoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharleston+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cauthen, Charles Edward. <i>South Carolina Goes to War 1860-1865.</i> (1950) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57003-560-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-57003-560-1">1-57003-560-1</a></li> <li>Rosen, Robert 1997. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-dMvCTvIEvwC">A Short History of Charleston</a></i>. University of South Carolina Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57003-197-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57003-197-5">1-57003-197-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="City_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Cogswell Jr.">William S. Cogswell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina#Districts" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ashley" title="West Ashley">West Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Island" title="Daniel Island">Daniel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Johns Island, South Carolina">Johns Island</a> (parts)</li> <li>Cainhoy Peninsula</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina#Sports" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Sports teams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Stingrays" title="South Carolina Stingrays">South Carolina Stingrays</a> (<a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Battery" title="Charleston Battery">Charleston Battery</a> (<a href="/wiki/USL_First_Division" title="USL First Division">USL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_RiverDogs" title="Charleston RiverDogs">Charleston RiverDogs</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_League" title="South Atlantic League">SAL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Outlaws_RFC" title="Charleston Outlaws RFC">Charleston Outlaws RFC</a> (<a href="/wiki/USA_Rugby" title="USA Rugby">USA Rugby</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina#Media" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Newspapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_and_Courier" title="The Post and Courier">The Post and Courier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charleston_City_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Charleston City Paper">Charleston City Paper</a></i></li> <li><i>The Charleston Regional Business Journal</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_Miscellany" title="The Catholic Miscellany">The Catholic Miscellany</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina#Media" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Television<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>2</b> <a href="/wiki/WCBD-TV" title="WCBD-TV">WCBD-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>)</li> <li><b>4</b> <a href="/wiki/WCIV" title="WCIV">WCIV</a>-<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a></li> <li><b>5</b> <a href="/wiki/WCSC-TV" title="WCSC-TV">WCSC-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>)</li> <li><b>7</b> <a href="/wiki/WITV-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WITV-TV">WITV-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>)</li> <li><b>18</b> <a href="/wiki/WLCN-CD" title="WLCN-CD">WLCN-CD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">RTN</a>)</li> <li><b>24</b> <a href="/wiki/WTAT-TV" title="WTAT-TV">WTAT-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>)</li> <li><b>36</b> <a href="/wiki/WMMP-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WMMP-TV">WMMP-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina#Squares_in_downtown_Charleston" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Squares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_House_Square_(Charleston)" title="Court House Square (Charleston)">Court House Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Square" title="Marion Square">Marion Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(Charleston)" title="Washington Square (Charleston)">Washington Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina#Transportation" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_International_Airport" title="Charleston International Airport">Int'l Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Executive_Airport" title="Charleston Executive Airport">Executive Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Area_Regional_Transportation_Authority" title="Charleston Area Regional Transportation Authority">Charleston Area Regional Transportation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ravenel_Jr._Bridge" title="Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge">Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="List of schools in Charleston, South Carolina">K–12</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_County_School_District" title="Charleston County School District">CCSD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_High_School_(South_Carolina)" title="St. John's High School (South Carolina)">St. John's HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ashley_High_School" title="West Ashley High School">West Ashley HS</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Hall_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" title="Ashley Hall (Charleston, South Carolina)">Ashley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_England_High_School" title="Bishop England High School">Bishop England HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter-Gaud_School" title="Porter-Gaud School">Porter-Gaud School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Collegiate_School" title="Charleston Collegiate School">Charleston Collegiate School</a> (in Johns Island)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Charleston" title="College of Charleston">College of Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel" title="The Citadel">The Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_the_Building_Arts" title="American College of the Building Arts">American College of the Building Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_School_of_Law" title="Charleston School of Law">Charleston School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_South_Carolina" title="Medical University of South Carolina">Medical University of South Carolina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="History of Charleston, South Carolina">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Timeline of Charleston, South Carolina">Timeline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Charleston_earthquake" title="1886 Charleston earthquake">1886 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">2015 church shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Architecture of Charleston, South Carolina">Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Charleston)" title="The Battery (Charleston)">The Battery</a></li> <li>Edmondston–Alston House</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_House_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" title="Pink House (Charleston, South Carolina)">Pink House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="List of public art in Charleston, South Carolina">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Row" title="Rainbow Row">Rainbow Row</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" title="Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist (Charleston, South Carolina)">Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Luke_and_St._Paul_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" title="Cathedral of St. Luke and St. Paul (Charleston, South Carolina)">Cathedral of St. Luke and St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church">Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenot_Church" title="Huguenot Church">Huguenot Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahal_Kadosh_Beth_Elohim" title="Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim">Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="St. John's Reformed Episcopal Church">St. John's Reformed Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Roman_Catholic_Church_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church (Charleston, South Carolina)">St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_German_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church">St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Episcopal Church (Charleston, South Carolina)">St. Michael's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Philip%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Philip's Episcopal Church (Charleston, South Carolina)">St. Philip's Episcopal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Category:Charleston, South Carolina">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._Cities_during_the_American_Civil_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._cities_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template:U.S. cities in the Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._cities_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template talk:U.S. cities in the Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._cities_in_the_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. cities in the Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._Cities_during_the_American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">U.S. Cities during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cincinnati in the American Civil War">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cleveland in the American Civil War">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Harrisburg in the American Civil War">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indianapolis in the American Civil War">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York City in the American Civil War">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Philadelphia in the American Civil War">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pittsburgh in the American Civil War">Pittsburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Lexington in the American Civil War">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisville in the American Civil War">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romney,_West_Virginia,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Romney, West Virginia, in the American Civil War">Romney, West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="St. Louis in the American Civil War">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Atlanta in the American Civil War">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Columbia, South Carolina, in the American Civil War">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama,_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile, Alabama, in the American Civil War">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nashville,_Tennessee" title="History of Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Orleans in the American Civil War">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia#Civil_War" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="St. Augustine in the American Civil War">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma,_Alabama,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Selma, Alabama, in the American Civil War">Selma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Winchester, Virginia, in the American Civil War">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Wilmington, North Carolina, in the American Civil War">Wilmington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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