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电报 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-電報發明前的通訊方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電報發明前的通訊方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>電報發明前的通訊方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電報發明前的通訊方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-早期实验" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期实验"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>早期实验</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期实验-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-演进" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#演进"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>演进</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-演进-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-今天的电报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#今天的电报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>今天的电报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-今天的电报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地情况" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地情况"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>各地情况</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地情况-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地情况子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地情况-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-北美" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北美"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>北美</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北美-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-东亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>东亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-终端设备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#终端设备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>终端设备</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-终端设备-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关终端设备子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-终端设备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人工电报机" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人工电报机"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>人工电报机</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人工电报机-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自动电报机" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自动电报机"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>自动电报机</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自动电报机-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-电传打字电报机" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电传打字电报机"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>电传打字电报机</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电传打字电报机-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-智能电报终端" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#智能电报终端"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>智能电报终端</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-智能电报终端-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公众电报业务种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公众电报业务种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>公众电报业务种类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-公众电报业务种类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关公众电报业务种类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-公众电报业务种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-普通电报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#普通电报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>普通电报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-普通电报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新闻电报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新闻电报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>新闻电报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新闻电报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汇款电报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汇款电报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>汇款电报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-汇款电报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政务电报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政务电报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>政务电报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政务电报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气象电报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气象电报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>气象电报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气象电报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水情电报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水情电报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>水情电报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水情电报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用户电报业务种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用户电报业务种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>用户电报业务种类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-用户电报业务种类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关用户电报业务种类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-用户电报业务种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-专用用户电报业务" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#专用用户电报业务"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>专用用户电报业务</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-专用用户电报业务-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公众用户电报业务" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公众用户电报业务"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>公众用户电报业务</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公众用户电报业务-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-海事用户电报业务" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#海事用户电报业务"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>海事用户电报业务</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-海事用户电报业务-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">电报</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。76种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="إبراق – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إبراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="التلغراف – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التلغراف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF" title="টেলিগ্রাফি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেলিগ্রাফি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafija" title="Telegrafija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Telegrafija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="تەلەگراف – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەلەگراف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangaram" title="Tangaram – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tangaram" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAlegraf" title="Têlegraf – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Têlegraf" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τηλεγραφία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τηλεγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Telegraphy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafio" title="Telegrafio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Telegrafio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraafside" title="Telegraafside – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Telegraafside" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="تلگراف – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلگراف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9graphie" title="Télégraphie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télégraphie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teileagrafa%C3%ADocht" title="Teileagrafaíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teileagrafaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealan-sp%C3%A8id" title="Dealan-spèid – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dealan-spèid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="טלגרפיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB" title="टेलीग्राफ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेलीग्राफ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafija" title="Telegrafija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Telegrafija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Հեռագրական կապ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեռագրական կապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rits%C3%ADmi" title="Ritsími – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ritsími" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="電報 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電報" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტელეგრაფი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტელეგრაფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%B3%B4" title="전보 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전보" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphia" title="Telegraphia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telegraphia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafas" title="Telegrafas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Telegrafas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegr%C4%81fs" title="Telegrāfs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Telegrāfs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Телеграфија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Телеграфија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD" title="കമ്പിത്തപാൽ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പിത്തപാൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကြေးနန်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြေးနန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="टेलेग्राफी – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टेलेग्राफी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%84%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="ټلګرافي – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټلګرافي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Telegraphy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Телеграфија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Телеграфија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafu" title="Telegrafu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Telegrafu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="தந்தி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="తంతి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తంతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82" title="โทรเลข – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทรเลข" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapiya" title="Telegrapiya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Telegrapiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telgraf" title="Telgraf – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Telgraf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Телеграфний зв&#039;язок – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телеграфний зв&#039;язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="ٹیلی گرافی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹیلی گرافی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafiya" title="Telegrafiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Telegrafiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_b%C3%A1o" title="Điện báo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện báo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapiya" title="Telegrapiya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Telegrapiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="电报 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电报" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტელეგრაფი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტელეგრაფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2" 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class="mobile"></span></span>此條目介紹的是基于电信号的通信技术。关于俗称“电报”的即时通讯软件,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram">Telegram</a></b>」。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J._Beyrle_p_27_telegram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/J._Beyrle_p_27_telegram.jpg/220px-J._Beyrle_p_27_telegram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/J._Beyrle_p_27_telegram.jpg/330px-J._Beyrle_p_27_telegram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/J._Beyrle_p_27_telegram.jpg/440px-J._Beyrle_p_27_telegram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1587" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>一张美国西联公司的电报</figcaption></figure> <p><b>电报</b>是利用电信号传递文字、图片等信息的电信业务<sup id="cite_ref-xddx_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xddx-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:133</sup>,是非话<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="通信">通信</a>业务的一種<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1</sup>,在19世紀初發明,是最早使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="电">电</a>进行通信的方法。電報大力加快了消息的流通,是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業">工業</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="社會">社會</a>的其中一項重要發明。早期的電報只能在<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="陸地">陸地</a>上通訊,後來使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="海底電纜">海底電纜</a>,開展了越洋服務。到了20世紀初,開始使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="無線電報">無線電報</a>,電報業務基本上已能抵達<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>上大部分地區。电报根据通信方式可分为公众电报和用户电报<sup id="cite_ref-sjsc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sjsc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:25</sup>;根据文件传输方式可分为编码电报和传真电报两种,一般所说的电报是指编码电报<sup id="cite_ref-txgy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txgy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:5</sup>。隨著<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="傳真">傳真</a>的廣泛使用,传统编码電報现在已经十分罕见。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電報發明前的通訊方法"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.A0.B1.E7.99.BC.E6.98.8E.E5.89.8D.E7.9A.84.E9.80.9A.E8.A8.8A.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>電報發明前的通訊方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:電報發明前的通訊方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在未發明電報以前,長途通訊的主要方法包括有:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9B%E7%AB%99" title="驛站">驛送</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E9%B8%BD" title="信鸽">信鴿</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E7%8B%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="信狗(页面不存在)">信狗</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%BD%E7%81%AB%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="烽火台">烽煙</a>等。驛送是由專門負責的人員,乘坐馬匹或其他交通工具,接力將書信送到目的地。建立一個可靠及快速的驛送系統需要十分高昂的成本,首先要建立良好的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>網,然後配備合適的驛站設施。在交通不便的地區更是不可行。使用信鴿通訊可靠性甚低,而且受天氣、路徑所限。另一類的通訊方法是使用烽煙或<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%BA%E8%87%82%E5%BC%8F%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="擺臂式信號機">擺臂式信號機</a>、燈號等肉眼可見的訊號,以接力方法來傳訊。這種方法同樣是成本高昂,而且易受天氣、地形影響。在發明電報以前,只有最重要的消息才會被傳送,而且其速度在今日的角度來看,是難以忍受的緩慢、能夠傳送的資料量也非常侷限。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期实验"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.E5.AE.9E.E9.AA.8C"></span>早期实验</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:早期实验"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>的科學家在18世紀逐漸發現<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電">電</a>的各種特質。同時開始有人研究使用電來傳遞訊息的可能。早在1753年,一名<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>人便提出使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="靜電">靜電</a>來拍發電報。他的設想是使用26條電線分別代表26個<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="英文字母">英文字母</a>。發電報的一方按文本順序在電線上加以靜電。接收的一方在各電線接上小紙條。當紙條因靜電而升起時,便能把文本謄錄<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>同期<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>率先使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%88%E8%99%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="燈號(页面不存在)">燈號</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%AA%9E" title="旗語">旗語</a>的方式在一系列高塔上傳播信息,稱為Optical telegraph,也是電報一詞的英文起源,可以在很短時間內把信號傳到很遠,但其限制是需要有較多的人手以在地形內見距離外作中繼傳信,又受到天氣影響<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>首條真正投入使用營運的電報線路於1839年在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>最先出現。它是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="大西方鐵路">大西方鐵路</a>裝設在兩個車站之間作通訊之用。這條線路長13英里,使用指針式电报机<sup id="cite_ref-tltx_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tltx-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1</sup>,由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A" title="查爾斯·惠斯通">查爾斯·惠斯通</a>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·庫克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Fothergill Cooke"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·庫克(页面不存在)">威廉·庫克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fothergill_Cooke" class="extiw" title="en:William Fothergill Cooke"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Fothergill Cooke</span></a></span>)</span></span>發明。兩人並為發明在1837年取得英國的專利<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="塞缪尔·莫尔斯">塞缪尔·莫尔斯</a>在接近同一時間同時發明了電報,並在1837年在美國取得專利。莫尔斯還發展出一套將字母及數字編碼以便拍發的方法,稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%94%B5%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="莫尔斯电码">莫尔斯電碼</a><sup id="cite_ref-bjbwg_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bjbwg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:32</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="演进"><span id=".E6.BC.94.E8.BF.9B"></span>演进</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:演进"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1891_Telegraph_Lines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1891_Telegraph_Lines.jpg/220px-1891_Telegraph_Lines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1891_Telegraph_Lines.jpg/330px-1891_Telegraph_Lines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1891_Telegraph_Lines.jpg/440px-1891_Telegraph_Lines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>1891年時主要的電報線路圖</figcaption></figure> <p>初期的電報只能透過使用架在陸地上的電線(Land Line)通訊。最早期的電線屬於單線式,需要透過地面完成迴路,傳送距離有限,更不能越過海洋。到了1850年,首條<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="海底電纜">海底電纜</a>橫越<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="英吉利海峽">英吉利海峽</a>,把<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="歐洲大陸">歐洲大陸</a>連接起來<sup id="cite_ref-Haigh_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haigh-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:192–193</sup>。首條橫越<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>的電報電纜則在1857年敷設完畢。但由於技術原因,這條越洋電纜只使用了數天便告失靈<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:130</sup>。首條大西洋海底電報電纜要在九年之後,即在1866年方才成功投入使用。至於橫越<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>的海底電纜,更要在1902年方才完工。 </p><p>到了19世紀90年代,各地仍然要經過電線用來傳送電報。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" title="尼古拉·特斯拉">尼古拉·特斯拉</a>等科學家在這個時候開始研究以<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="無線電">無線電</a>發送電報。1895年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="马可尼">馬可尼</a>首次成功收發無線電電報。4年後,即1899年,他成功進行英國至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>之間的傳送<sup id="cite_ref-bjbwg_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bjbwg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:40</sup>。1902年首次以無線電進行橫越大西洋的通訊。無線電報的發明使流動通訊變得可能,配備無線電電報機的遠洋船隻,就算在海洋上仍然與陸地保持通訊,更能在需要時發出求救訊號。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="今天的电报"><span id=".E4.BB.8A.E5.A4.A9.E7.9A.84.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5"></span>今天的电报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:今天的电报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>隨著通訊科技的發展,電報已不再是主要的通訊方法。在经济发达的国家,公众电报已逐渐与数据、用户电报网业务合并,或被其它通信方式取代<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:4</sup>。自從電信網路<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="數位化">數位化</a>以後,電報通訊變成為數位通訊網路內其中一種以文字通訊的應用,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="傳真機">傳真機</a>普及後更被<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="傳真">傳真</a>所取代。當<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%9A%9B%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="網際網路">網際網路</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="行動通訊">行動通訊</a>日漸廣泛使用以後,普通電報更進一步被<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%83%B5%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="電子郵件">電子郵件</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E8%A8%8A" title="簡訊">簡訊</a>所取代<sup id="cite_ref-EB_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。現在一般人已不會使用電報通訊。傳統的電報新聞(即電訊新聞稿)亦已由傳真、互聯網及<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%8F%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="手提電話">手提電話</a>的短訊所取代。只有在一些很特別的舊有應用環境下,才會偶然看見使用電傳打字機的電報業務。但因為以编碼的方式轉送簡單的信號需要的資源較少,而一些保密通信上或專業的航空和航海剿動仍然可用上類似的编碼傳信,但這些不再構成一種特別的職業。 </p><p>現時,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美</a>地區,International Telegram等公司仍然維持電報服務,主要針對一些特別喜慶場合,或用作解決法律爭議之用。美國最大的電報公司<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="西联">西聯</a>宣佈2006年1月27日起終止所有電報服務。而在日本,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="日本電信電話">NTT</a>東日本和NTT西日本仍然為當地民眾提供礼仪電報服務,主要用於慶祝新婚、畢業,或喪禮治哀之用,而所傳的電報,會按場合以特製的紙和信封印出<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在英國,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="英國電訊">英國電訊</a>在2003年將電報業務拆成一間小公司Telegram Online<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在部分發展中國家,電報仍有在法律以及通訊用途。香港的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A%E7%9B%88%E7%A7%91" title="電訊盈科">電訊盈科</a>已於2004年1月1日宣佈終止香港境內外所有電報服務,在同一年,荷蘭的電報服務亦宣告停止,2008年5月1日<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>發行40000封紀念電報,以紀念使用了133年的泰國業務即日起走入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史">歷史</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。印度国有电信有限公司则于2013年7月14日终止电报业务<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地情况"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E6.83.85.E5.86.B5"></span>各地情况</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:各地情况"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北美"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E7.BE.8E"></span>北美</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:北美"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_Hine,_Western_Union_messengers,_Tampa,_Florida,_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lewis_Hine%2C_Western_Union_messengers%2C_Tampa%2C_Florida%2C_1911.jpg/220px-Lewis_Hine%2C_Western_Union_messengers%2C_Tampa%2C_Florida%2C_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lewis_Hine%2C_Western_Union_messengers%2C_Tampa%2C_Florida%2C_1911.jpg/330px-Lewis_Hine%2C_Western_Union_messengers%2C_Tampa%2C_Florida%2C_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lewis_Hine%2C_Western_Union_messengers%2C_Tampa%2C_Florida%2C_1911.jpg/440px-Lewis_Hine%2C_Western_Union_messengers%2C_Tampa%2C_Florida%2C_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3553" /></a><figcaption>西联电报公司的送报员</figcaption></figure> <p>1844年,莫尔斯从华盛顿国会大厦向巴尔的摩发送了世界历史上第一封电报<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,美国第一家电报局也于次年成立,随后,北美的公众电报通信网开始快速扩张,截至1849年,美国成立了20余家电报公司,线路总长超过12000英里。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>1851年,<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="西联">西联</a>电报公司的前身纽约和密西西比河谷印刷电报公司成立,其在1856年与伊利和密西根电报公司合并后改名为西联电报公司并继续并购其它电报公司,成为美国当时的三大电报公司之一。1866年,西联电报公司相继收购了其竞争对手,最终垄断了美国与加拿大的公众电报业<sup id="cite_ref-History_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1885年,加拿大太平洋铁路成立了电报部门并建立了独立的公众电报网络,打破了西联电报公司在加拿大的垄断。1915年,西联电报公司在加拿大的子公司——大西北电报公司被加拿大北方铁路收购,并随后成为了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="加拿大國家鐵路">加拿大国家铁路</a>的子公司<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1931年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国电话电报公司">美国电话电报公司</a>(英語:<span lang="en">AT&amp;T</span>)在其运营的电话交换网上建成了名为TWX的用户电报通信网<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而西联电报公司也于1958年开始利用其卫星通信系统建立自己的用户电报网<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由于通信技术的进步与长途电话资费的降低,美国对于公众电报的需求逐渐下降,西联电报公司于20世纪60年代取消了送报员,公众电报的投递改为邮送<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,同时,西联公司大量关闭电信营业网点,话传成为公众电报的主要受理方式,三个西联公司全国电报交换中心的报务员通过电话接收发报人的电文并直接通过计算机系统发送至收报人所在地的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="郵局">邮局</a>完成邮送<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1969年,西联公司收购了AT&amp;T的用户电报业务,但由于业务转型,西联公司于1990年又将其所有电信基础设施与包括用户电报在内的基础业务售予AT&amp;T,仅保留金融、公众电报等业务作为电信<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="增值业务">增值业务</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>通过租用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="专线">专线</a>开展<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1991年12月,AT&amp;T关停了其下的电报业务<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。而在加拿大,为了降低电报网络的运营成本,两家公司于1967年达成了合作协议并逐渐合并为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CNCP电信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CNCP Telecommunications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CNCP%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CNCP电信(页面不存在)">CNCP电信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNCP_Telecommunications" class="extiw" title="en:CNCP Telecommunications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CNCP Telecommunications</span></a></span>)</span></span>。 </p><p>进入21世纪后,西联公司增加了网络受理方式,用户可通过访问西联公司的网站发送电报。为了进一步加快从通信公司到金融公司的转型并更加专注于金融服务,西联公司于2006年1月27日正式停止了其电报业务<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。目前,美国的公众电报业务由<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="International Telegram" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="iTelegram"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Telegram&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Telegram(页面不存在)">International Telegram</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iTelegram" class="extiw" title="en:iTelegram"><span lang="en" dir="auto">iTelegram</span></a></span>)</span></span>、American Telegram、USCOMM等公司通过网络受理提供,American Telegram于1993年由两名原西联公司的员工成立<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,是当时除西联公司外仅有的电报公司<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;2003年,在加拿大AT&amp;T结束公众电报业务后,电报机收藏者科林·斯通成立了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Telegrams Canada" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="iTelegram"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrams_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegrams Canada(页面不存在)">Telegrams Canada</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iTelegram" class="extiw" title="en:iTelegram"><span lang="en" dir="auto">iTelegram</span></a></span>)</span></span>并接手了加拿大的公众电报业务,在2006年西联公司结束了公众电报业务后,斯通又将其International Telegram公司的业务拓展到美国<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>不同于美国和加拿大,墨西哥在1865年就建立了电报的国家专营制度。1933年2月14日,墨西哥邮电部成立,2月14日成为墨西哥的报务员节<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1957年,墨西哥开办用户电报。目前,墨西哥的电报业务由政府机构<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TELECOMM" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Telecomm-Telégrafos"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TELECOMM&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="TELECOMM(页面不存在)">TELECOMM</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecomm-Tel%C3%A9grafos" class="extiw" title="es:Telecomm-Telégrafos"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Telecomm-Telégrafos</span></a></span>)</span></span>提供<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="东亚"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E4.BA.9A"></span>东亚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:东亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radiogramme_alessandri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Radiogramme_alessandri.jpg/220px-Radiogramme_alessandri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Radiogramme_alessandri.jpg/330px-Radiogramme_alessandri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Radiogramme_alessandri.jpg/440px-Radiogramme_alessandri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>一封民国时期的电报</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E9%9B%BB%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="中文電碼">中文電碼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E7%9B%AE%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="韻目代日">韻目代日</a></div> <p>電報是中國電信業務之始,中國首條電報線路於1871年由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄國">俄國</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>敷設,從<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>經<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="長崎">長崎</a>的海底電纜。由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="清政府">清政府</a>的反對,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>電纜被禁止在上海登陸。後來丹麥公司不理清政府的禁令,將線路引至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%A7%9F%E7%95%8C" title="上海公共租界">上海公共租界</a>,並在6月3日起開始收發電報。隨後<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E8%91%86%E6%A5%A8" title="沈葆楨">沈葆楨</a>於1874年視師臺灣時提議建水陸報線。至於首條自主敷設的線路,是由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="福建">福建</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A1%E6%92%AB" title="巡撫">巡撫</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C" title="丁日昌">丁日昌</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>所建,1877年10月完工,連接架設<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="台南府城">臺南府城</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%B3%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3_(%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="鳳山縣 (臺灣)">鳳山</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E5%BE%8C" title="旗後">旗後</a>電報線。1876年於臺北成立「電報總局」。1879年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%8B%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="北洋大臣">北洋大臣</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%B4%BB%E7%AB%A0" title="李鴻章">李鴻章</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="天津">天津</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B2%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大沽">大沽</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A1%98" class="mw-disambig" title="北塘">北塘</a>之間架設電報線路,用作軍事通訊。1880年,中俄<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8A%81" class="mw-redirect" title="伊犁">伊犁</a>交涉,兩國關係緊張,李鴻章再以“用兵之道,神速為貴”為由,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>得以准奏開辦電報總局,由<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9B%E5%AE%A3%E6%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="盛宣懷">盛宣懷</a>任總辦。並在1881年12月開通<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="天津">天津</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a>的電報服務。李鴻章説:“五年來,我國創設沿江沿海各省電綫,總計一萬多里,國家所費無多,巨款來自民間。當時正值法人挑釁,將帥報告軍情,朝廷傳達指示,均相機而動,無絲毫阻礙。中國自古用兵,從未如此神速。出使大臣往來問答,朝發夕至,相隔萬里好似同居庭院。舉設電報一舉三得,既防止外敵侵略,又加強國防,亦有利於商務。”天津官電局於庚子年一度遭<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E5%AD%90%E6%8B%B3%E4%B9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="庚子拳乱">亂</a>全毀。<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>1887年,臺灣巡撫劉銘傳敷設了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="福州">福州</a>至臺灣的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="海底電纜">海底電纜</a>,是中國首條海底電纜。 </p><p>在19世紀末期,英國人統治<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>後,即積極發展電報網絡,成立<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80" title="大東電報局">大東電報局</a>,為香港工商界提供對外聯絡服務。1871年開始,大東電報局便於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="香港島">香港島</a>西部的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E7%B6%AB%E7%81%A3" title="鋼綫灣">鋼綫灣</a>鋪設電報電纜連接香港與外地。 1884年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>電報開始建設,採用“安設雙線,由通州展至京城,以一端引入署中,專遞官信,以一端擇地安置用便商民”,同年8月5日,電報線路開始建設,所有電線桿一律漆成紅色。8月22日,位於北京崇文門外大街西的喜鵲胡同的外城商用電報局開業。同年8月30日,位於崇文門內泡子和以西的呂公堂開局,專門收發官方電報。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>而清朝1888年設立電報學堂。<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>為了傳達<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>,電報部門準備由4位<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="數字">數字</a>或3位<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬字">羅馬字</a>構成的代碼,即<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E9%9B%BB%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="中文電碼">中文電碼</a>,採用發送前將漢字改寫成電碼發出,收電報后再將電碼改寫成漢字的方法。之後另外有所謂的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="國音電報">國音電報</a>,為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="臺灣鐵路管理局">臺灣鐵路管理局</a>利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a>編寫的一套專用的電報編碼。此後電信局管理的五條主要電報電路也改用電傳打字機,並且使用國際通用的「五單位碼」。<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>馬關條約後,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="台灣日治時期">日治時期</a>最盛時,臺灣有線音響機電報電路99路,對外無線電報電路16路,海纜6路。後多被美軍飛機轟炸破壞。 光緒三十四年(1908年)9月,江蘇省以官款組織淞崇無線電局,供官商通報。中國第一份商用無線電報由淞崇無線電局發出<sup id="cite_ref-崇明縣志大事記2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-崇明縣志大事記2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-崇明縣志郵電2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-崇明縣志郵電2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。抗戰間電報也成了軍隊中重要通訊管道。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>後,香港經濟高速起飛,電報為香港的工商業發展帶來不少貢獻。在電報最為流行的時期,上至大企業、大銀行,下至一般貿易公司、製衣廠,都擁有最少一台電報發送機。至於臺灣設備與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%88%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="机房">機房</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣戰後時期">民國時期</a>之初由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" title="交通部電信總局">電信局</a>接收。臺灣首次啟用英文<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%82%B3%E6%89%93%E5%AD%97%E6%A9%9F" title="電傳打字機">電傳打字機</a>是1949年8月16日,草山(<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%98%8E%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="陽明山">陽明山</a>)電信局為處理給<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a>之大量電報,裝用美式15型電傳打字機。<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasler_T203_Wuhan_Installation_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hasler_T203_Wuhan_Installation_1.jpg/220px-Hasler_T203_Wuhan_Installation_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hasler_T203_Wuhan_Installation_1.jpg/330px-Hasler_T203_Wuhan_Installation_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hasler_T203_Wuhan_Installation_1.jpg/440px-Hasler_T203_Wuhan_Installation_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>武汉的哈斯拉T203电报交换机</figcaption></figure> <p>早在1933年,中国大陆便有使用电传打字机发电报<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,但直至中华人民共和国成立时大多公众电报终端设备仍为落后的人工电报机和自动电报机。1956年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国普天信息产业">邮电部上海器材厂</a>的BD55型机械电传机研制成功并大量投入使用<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,中国公众电报自1957年逐步实行电传机通报,公众电报网采用四级辐射汇接的结构形式,采用撕断纸条式转接<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:188</sup>。1980年,SHZB64路自动转报系统研制成功并于当年12月11日投入使用,随后被推广到全国多地的电信局使用<sup id="cite_ref-sh138_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sh138-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:53</sup>,而北京电报局则在1986年采用了日本<a href="/wiki/OKI" class="mw-redirect" title="OKI">OKI</a>公司的KD1000B型自动转报系统<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sjsc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sjsc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:113</sup>,全国公众电报网由人工转报逐渐发展为自动转报。1985年12月起,公众电报网实行两级交换制,任意两个终端间通信时报文交换不超过4个交换中心<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:186</sup>。80年代后期,中国研制了汉字智能电报终端,随后翰林智能汉字电报终端替代了电子电传机<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:622</sup>。1988年3月,全国用户电报网由32个省级交换局调整为八大中心交换局,各网点开始采用瑞士哈斯拉(Hasler)公司<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="T203用户电报与数据通信交换机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="T200_telex_and_data_switching_system#T203:_Updated_Technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T203%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="T203用户电报与数据通信交换机(页面不存在)">T203型交换设备</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T200_telex_and_data_switching_system#T203:_Updated_Technology" class="extiw" title="en:T200 telex and data switching system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">T200_telex_and_data_switching_system#T203:_Updated_Technology</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-wht203_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wht203-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。1990年,中国与瑞士<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ascom公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ascom (company)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascom%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascom公司(页面不存在)">Ascom公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascom_(company)" class="extiw" title="en:Ascom (company)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ascom (company)</span></a></span>)</span></span>合作开发了公用电报交换系统M203软件,该系统利用T203交换机多余的处理能力为公众电报提供转报功能,M203与用户电报交换系统T203软件合用一个硬件实体<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由于电话、传真、互联网等业务的发展,电报业务量逐渐减少。1994年12月1日,上海的最后一条国际电报电路——上海至东京的电路关闭,至此中国仅剩北京一个国际公众电报出口局<sup id="cite_ref-sh138_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sh138-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:64</sup>。国内电报此时也面临着利用率低、设备老化等诸多问题,为了降低通信成本并使电报通信继续发挥作用,电信总局从1995年起开始着手对公众电报网和用户电报网进行技术改造<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。2000年5月,全国电报技改工作全部完成,包括转报系统、载报电路等设备的公用电报物理网被取消,新的公用电报业务虚拟网则利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2" title="分组交换">分组交换</a>网与数字数据网(CHINADDN)承载电报业务<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:239</sup>。技改后的中国电报网由北京、上海、广州、南京、武汉、成都、西安、沈阳8个交换中心局组成,每个交换局装有T203电报交换设备,各局均与北京、上海交换中心局相连,形成双星形结构的骨干网,而电报终端设备则通过当地电信公司的银德数据通信设备有限公司TELEMUX数字载报机<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>经CHINADDN专线电路连接至上级TELEMUX或T203,进入骨干网<sup id="cite_ref-xddx_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xddx-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:144</sup>,县局报房、县乡等业务网点全部取消。进入21世纪后,由于需求量的继续减少,加急、礼仪等特别业务种类被相继取消<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,而部分省市则陆续开始完全取消电报业务,报路不通的地区甚至需要通过传真机收发电报<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jxjy_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jxjy-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。电报投递网点的大量减少使得专职的送报员也接近消失,由于投递区域大幅缩小,大部分电报需要邮送。2010年7月8日,八大交换中心局中的武汉电信分公司因无业务量且硬件故障频繁关闭了T203交换设备<sup id="cite_ref-wht203_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wht203-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;2021年6月16日,中国电信上海公司为腾出空间安装5G消息平台关闭了其T203交换设备<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,目前中国大陆只有部分省市能收发电报<sup id="cite_ref-jxjy_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jxjy-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_P%26T_Telegraph_Form.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="中国邮电的去报纸"><img alt="中国邮电的去报纸" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/China_P%26T_Telegraph_Form.jpg/109px-China_P%26T_Telegraph_Form.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/China_P%26T_Telegraph_Form.jpg/164px-China_P%26T_Telegraph_Form.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/China_P%26T_Telegraph_Form.jpg/219px-China_P%26T_Telegraph_Form.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="1602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">中国邮电的去报纸</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:终端设备"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人工电报机"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.B7.A5.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E6.9C.BA"></span>人工电报机</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:人工电报机"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0,_1939_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%2C_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0%2C_1939_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%2C_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0%2C_1939_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3121" data-file-height="2341" /></a><figcaption>一台采用纸条记录的摩斯符号人工电报机</figcaption></figure> <p><b>人工电报机</b>是最早出现的电报机,结构也是最简单的。人工机采用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="电键">电键</a>作为发报器,报务员按照<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%94%B5%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="莫尔斯电码">莫尔斯电码</a>控制电路的接通或断开时间进行发报。其收报器有三种类型,采用纸条记录的电报机可将收到的电码记录在纸条上,再由报务员翻译成字符;采用音响器的电报机可将收到的信号反映为音响器吸动时间的长短,报务员根据音响器产生的声音记录字符;采用音频振荡器的电报机可在相连的耳机或喇叭上产生1000Hz左右的声音,报务员根据振荡器产生的声音记录字符<sup id="cite_ref-txgy_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txgy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:26</sup>。人工电报机工作效率低,不能打印字符,目前已在商务活动中淘汰;但因设备简单、维修方便、工作性能稳定,而在特定的野外勘探或军情通联情境中沿用至今<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自动电报机"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E5.8A.A8.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E6.9C.BA"></span>自动电报机</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:自动电报机"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teletype_Wheatstone_Perforator_keyboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Teletype_Wheatstone_Perforator_keyboard.jpg/220px-Teletype_Wheatstone_Perforator_keyboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Teletype_Wheatstone_Perforator_keyboard.jpg/330px-Teletype_Wheatstone_Perforator_keyboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Teletype_Wheatstone_Perforator_keyboard.jpg/440px-Teletype_Wheatstone_Perforator_keyboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>自动电报机的键盘凿孔机</figcaption></figure> <p><b>莫尔斯符号高速自动电报机</b>,简称<b>自动电报机</b>、<b>快机</b><sup id="cite_ref-txgy_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txgy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1</sup>。自动电报机是一种半机械化的电报终端设备<sup id="cite_ref-sgjd_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgjd-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,使用时由报务员事先凿好具有电报符号孔的纸条并将纸条放到自动发报机上发出;由于快机的发报速度较高,其发送的电报信号靠报务员人工听抄是来不及的<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:102</sup>,收到电报时需使用波纹收报机在纸条上自动记录下相应的电报符号<sup id="cite_ref-txgy_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txgy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2</sup>。自动电报机仍使用莫尔斯电码,纸条上垂直的两个圆孔代表“点”,倾斜的两个圆孔代表“划”,以此组成莫尔斯电码<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。常见的自动电报机有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="韦斯登快机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wheatstone system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB%E5%BF%AB%E6%9C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="韦斯登快机(页面不存在)">韦斯登快机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheatstone_system" class="extiw" title="en:Wheatstone system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wheatstone system</span></a></span>)</span></span>和克利特快机。韦斯登快机使用的是三柱凿孔机,而克利特快机则使用键盘凿孔机直接凿孔<sup id="cite_ref-sh138_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sh138-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:8</sup>。由于快机同样不能直接打印字符,且不便于转报,现已被淘汰<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:103</sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="电传打字电报机"><span id=".E7.94.B5.E4.BC.A0.E6.89.93.E5.AD.97.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E6.9C.BA"></span>电传打字电报机</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:电传打字电报机"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telex_machine_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Telex_machine_1.jpg/220px-Telex_machine_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Telex_machine_1.jpg/330px-Telex_machine_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Telex_machine_1.jpg/440px-Telex_machine_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%86" title="萨基姆">萨基姆</a>公司生产的TX-20型电子电传机</figcaption></figure> <p><b>起止式电传打字电报机</b>,简称<b>电传机</b>,是由键盘发报器和带有打印字符的接收器组成的电报终端设备,除公众电报外亦可用于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="用户电报(页面不存在)">用户电报</a>或用作<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="计算机">计算机</a>的外围设备<sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:363</sup>。电传机有机械式和电子式两种,机械式电传机结构复杂,通报速率约50<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%87" title="波特率">鮑</a>;电子式电传机采用集成电路或微处理器控制,只保留了少量机械动作,通报速率在100或200波特以上<sup id="cite_ref-txgy_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txgy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:41</sup>。电传机使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="博多码">博多码</a>、国际二号码、数字保护电码等五单位电码,程控式电传机只需改变程序即可改变码型。报务员使用电传机可以像使用普通打字机一样拍发电报,收方则可直接在纸上打印出字母或数字符号,电报的效率得到很大提升<sup id="cite_ref-txgy_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txgy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2</sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="智能电报终端"><span id=".E6.99.BA.E8.83.BD.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E7.BB.88.E7.AB.AF"></span>智能电报终端</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:智能电报终端"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TTX11_Teletex-Endger%C3%A4t_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/TTX11_Teletex-Endger%C3%A4t_%283%29.jpg/220px-TTX11_Teletex-Endger%C3%A4t_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/TTX11_Teletex-Endger%C3%A4t_%283%29.jpg/330px-TTX11_Teletex-Endger%C3%A4t_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/TTX11_Teletex-Endger%C3%A4t_%283%29.jpg/440px-TTX11_Teletex-Endger%C3%A4t_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5078" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>一台智能电报终端</figcaption></figure> <p><b>智能电报终端</b>是搭载了为电报通信专用的软件和硬件的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="计算机">计算机</a>,是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="智能用户电报" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Teletex"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="智能用户电报(页面不存在)">智能用户电报</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletex" class="extiw" title="en:Teletex"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Teletex</span></a></span>)</span></span>系统的终端设备。智能电报终端使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际五号码" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="T.50 (standard)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="国际五号码(页面不存在)">国际五号码</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.50_(standard)" class="extiw" title="en:T.50 (standard)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">T.50 (standard)</span></a></span>)</span></span>/<a href="/wiki/ASCII%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCII码">ASCII码</a>,可实现终端存储器之间的高速自动通信。此外,智能电报终端不依赖于专门的网络,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%91" title="公共交换电话网">公共交换电话网</a>、电路交换数据网、分组交换数据网均可使用,通过转换设备还可与用户电报网互通<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="公众电报业务种类"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E4.BC.97.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E4.B8.9A.E5.8A.A1.E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>公众电报业务种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:公众电报业务种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据不同的服务对象和业务性质,公众电报可分为若干种类: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="普通电报"><span id=".E6.99.AE.E9.80.9A.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5"></span>普通电报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:普通电报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC%2C_2020.jpg/220px-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC%2C_2020.jpg/330px-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC%2C_2020.jpg/440px-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5030" data-file-height="3353" /></a><figcaption>北京电报大楼</figcaption></figure> <p>普通电报是人们最常用的电报业务。電報的發明使得長途通訊的價格大為下降,最早期電報的傳送成本,是依靠目測的擺臂式訊號機系統的30分之1。之後更隨著技術的改良和用量擴大而大幅下降。到了20世紀初,就算是一般普通人亦可負擔用電報作長途通訊。當時負責經營電報通訊的公司,在各地大城市設置電報局。一般人只要到電報局付款,便能拍發電報到遠方的另一個城市,收費是按距離及電報字數計算。當另一端的電報局收到電報以後,會有專人把印好的電報製成信件,派送到目的地。由於電報的傳送速率十分有限,因此最初只可能用作傳送文字,而且必須要把文字盡量精簡以減少字數。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="新闻电报"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E9.97.BB.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5"></span>新闻电报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:新闻电报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>新闻电报是指<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E7%A4%BE" title="通讯社">通讯社</a>、报社、广播电台、电视台等新闻机构及其记者为报道新闻稿件所交发的电报<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:626</sup>。隨著電報的普及,各地亦出現了使用專門透過電報傳送各地新聞的機構,使得各大洲之間的國際新聞成為可能,這機構即現時的通訊社。當中<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%8F%E7%A4%BE" title="路透社">路透社</a>於1851年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>成立,是最早的通訊社之一。目前新闻机构已使用互联网代替电报<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="汇款电报"><span id=".E6.B1.87.E6.AC.BE.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5"></span>汇款电报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:汇款电报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dortmund,_Western_Union_Br%C3%BCckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dortmund%2C_Western_Union_Br%C3%BCckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg/220px-Dortmund%2C_Western_Union_Br%C3%BCckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dortmund%2C_Western_Union_Br%C3%BCckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg/330px-Dortmund%2C_Western_Union_Br%C3%BCckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dortmund%2C_Western_Union_Br%C3%BCckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg/440px-Dortmund%2C_Western_Union_Br%C3%BCckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>西联汇款公司的电汇网点</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%87" title="电汇">电汇</a></div> <p>汇款电报是指邮电局与银行系统办理汇兑业务交发的电报<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:626</sup>。公众电报长期以来是银行的电汇方式,但安全性较低。1998年,济南市发生一起假汇款电报案,营业员因业务不熟将诈骗分子个人交发的假电报报类标为汇款电报,导致巨额资金被银行解付,最终济南市电信局被中国人民银行郑州市分行起诉,要求赔偿全部金额及利息共计231万元<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。20世纪末,随着<a href="/wiki/CNAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNAPS">CNAPS</a>、<a href="/wiki/SWIFT" class="mw-redirect" title="SWIFT">SWIFT</a>等基于<a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%99%85%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="网际协议">IP</a>的银行计算机网络的建成,电汇已不再使用公众电报。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政务电报"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.8A.A1.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5"></span>政务电报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:政务电报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_telegraph_room.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/White_House_telegraph_room.jpg/220px-White_House_telegraph_room.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/White_House_telegraph_room.jpg/330px-White_House_telegraph_room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/White_House_telegraph_room.jpg/440px-White_House_telegraph_room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1515" /></a><figcaption>白宫通信局的报务员正在发送政务电报</figcaption></figure> <p>政务电报是指各级党、政、军领导机关因公交发的电报<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:625</sup>。目前政务电报多采用传真电报或电子邮件经<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%A1" title="电子政务">电子政务</a>电子公文传输系统<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>或机要通信渠道传递,不再使用公众电报。 </p><p>政务电报曾多次在历史上发挥重要作用: </p> <ul><li>1861至1865年於美國爆發的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南北戰爭">南北戰爭</a>,為世界上首次使用電報投入軍事用途,交戰雙方除了以<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="摩斯電碼">摩斯電碼</a>進行部隊間的通訊外,也配合報業將戰地消息傳播出去<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1894至1895年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="甲午戰爭">甲午戰爭</a>,日本方面以電報截聽了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%B4%BB%E7%AB%A0" title="李鴻章">李鴻章</a>回傳給北京的電報,得知了清廷賠款求和的情資<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气象电报"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E8.B1.A1.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5"></span>气象电报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:气象电报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>气象电报是各级气象局及各气象部门指定的气象台、气象站交发的天气电报<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:625</sup>,需遵照<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际气象组织">国际气象组织</a>规定的格式编发<sup id="cite_ref-唐兵兵_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-唐兵兵-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。随着气象业务的发展与现代化,使用公众电报传输气象电报的稳定性、时效性等方面等均不能适应业务需求<sup id="cite_ref-丁善文_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-丁善文-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,目前气象电报的编辑与收发已转为使用基于计算机的电报交换系统通过公用交换网络进行<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水情电报"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E6.83.85.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5"></span>水情电报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:水情电报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水情电报是指防汛机构和水情站在汛期报告雨情、水情、水文预报的电报<sup id="cite_ref-syqs_46-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:625</sup>。随着计算机系统的发展,水情电报已被水情信息接受处理软件取代<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用户电报业务种类"><span id=".E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E4.B8.9A.E5.8A.A1.E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>用户电报业务种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:用户电报业务种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>用户电报又称<b>电传</b>,是用户之间使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E6%89%93%E5%AD%97%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="电传打字机">电传打字机</a>直接进行通信的电报业务,既有公众电报的文字性、法律性,又可像<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="电话">电话</a>不受时间、地点的限制随时收发信息<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:129</sup>。用户电报可根据不同使用方式可分为若干种类: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="专用用户电报业务"><span id=".E4.B8.93.E7.94.A8.E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E4.B8.9A.E5.8A.A1"></span>专用用户电报业务</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:专用用户电报业务"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>专用用户电报是指用户利用装设在办公地点的终端设备与其它用户直接通报的电报业务<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:130</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公众用户电报业务"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E4.BC.97.E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E4.B8.9A.E5.8A.A1"></span>公众用户电报业务</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:公众用户电报业务"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>公众用户电报是指用户利用电信企业或其它公共场所装设的公用终端设备与其它用户直接通报的电报业务<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:130</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="海事用户电报业务"><span id=".E6.B5.B7.E4.BA.8B.E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E7.94.B5.E6.8A.A5.E4.B8.9A.E5.8A.A1"></span>海事用户电报业务</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:海事用户电报业务"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>海事用户电报是指用户通过船舶上安装的海事卫星通信终端设备经海洋上空的海事通信卫星与其它船舶或陆地用户之间通报的电报业务<sup id="cite_ref-zzgl_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:130</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E7%9B%AE%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="韵目代日">韵目代日</a>,中国最初的电报纪日方式。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="倒金字塔结构">倒金字塔结构</a>,因电报的使用而形成的新闻报道方式。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC" class="mw-disambig" title="电报大楼">电报大楼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E7%9C%9F" title="无线电传真">无线电传真</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721587" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q721587"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7151#電報" class="extiw" title="s:清史稿/卷151">清史稿·卷151</a>》,出自<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%BD" title="趙爾巽">趙爾巽</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-xddx-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xddx_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xddx_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">胥学跃; 王晓丹 (编). 现代电信业务 2版. 北京: 北京邮电大学出版社. 2008年5月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787563517299" title="Special:网络书源/9787563517299"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787563517299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E6%99%93%E4%B8%B9&amp;rft.au=%E8%83%A5%E5%AD%A6%E8%B7%83&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1&amp;rft.date=2008-05&amp;rft.edition=2%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787563517299&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%82%AE%E7%94%B5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zzgl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-4"><sup><b>2.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-5"><sup><b>2.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-6"><sup><b>2.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zzgl_2-7"><sup><b>2.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">高松林. 电报通信组织管理 第一版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社. 1994年2月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7115050929" title="Special:网络书源/7115050929"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;7115050929</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E6%9D%BE%E6%9E%97&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&amp;rft.date=1994-02&amp;rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=7115050929&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%82%AE%E7%94%B5%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sjsc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sjsc_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sjsc_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">邮电部设计院. 电信工程设计手册 3 电报通信 第一版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社. 1992年6月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7115046123" title="Special:网络书源/7115046123"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;7115046123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=%E9%82%AE%E7%94%B5%E9%83%A8%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C+3+%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&amp;rft.date=1992-06&amp;rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=7115046123&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%82%AE%E7%94%B5%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-txgy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-txgy_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-txgy_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-txgy_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-txgy_4-3"><sup><b>4.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-txgy_4-4"><sup><b>4.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-txgy_4-5"><sup><b>4.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">袁育才. 电报通信概要 第一版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社. 1989年12月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/711504077X" title="Special:网络书源/711504077X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;711504077X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=%E8%A2%81%E8%82%B2%E6%89%8D&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&amp;rft.date=1989-12&amp;rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=711504077X&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%82%AE%E7%94%B5%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marland, A. E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyelectricalc0000marl">Early Electrical Communication</a>. Abelard-Schuman. 1964: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyelectricalc0000marl/page/17">17</a>–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+E.&amp;rft.aulast=Marland&amp;rft.btitle=Early+Electrical+Communication&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=17-19&amp;rft.pub=Abelard-Schuman&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlyelectricalc0000marl&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><div class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国会图书馆控制号">LCCN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/64020875">64-20875</a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dilhac, J-M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethw.org/w/images/1/17/Dilhac.pdf">The Telegraph of Claude Chappe - an Optical Telecommunication Network for the XVIIIth Century</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706195421/https://ethw.org/w/images/1/17/Dilhac.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2022-07-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.aufirst=J-M.&amp;rft.aulast=Dilhac&amp;rft.btitle=The+Telegraph+of+Claude+Chappe+-+an+Optical+Telecommunication+Network+for+the+XVIIIth+Century&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2Fw%2Fimages%2F1%2F17%2FDilhac.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tltx-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tltx_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">中国铁路通信史 第一版. 北京: 中国铁道出版社. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7113034675" title="Special:网络书源/7113034675"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;7113034675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B2&amp;rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=7113034675&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%81%E9%81%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Beauchamp, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ni7lDl3k5LwC&amp;q=cooke+wheatstone&amp;pg=PA30">History of Telegraphy</a>. Institution of Electrical Engineers. 2001: 34–40 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780852967928" title="Special:网络书源/9780852967928"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9780852967928</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307013742/https://books.google.com/books?id=ni7lDl3k5LwC&amp;q=cooke+wheatstone&amp;pg=PA30">存档</a>于2023-03-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=Beauchamp%2C+Ken&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Telegraphy&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780852967928&amp;rft.pages=34-40&amp;rft.pub=Institution+of+Electrical+Engineers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dni7lDl3k5LwC%26q%3Dcooke%2Bwheatstone%26pg%3DPA30&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bjbwg-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bjbwg_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bjbwg_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">刘海波,郭丽. 北京通信电信博物馆 第一版. 北京: 同心出版社. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787547706367" title="Special:网络书源/9787547706367"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787547706367</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=%E5%88%98%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%A2%EF%BC%8C%E9%83%AD%E4%B8%BD&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&amp;rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787547706367&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%83%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haigh-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haigh_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Haigh, Kenneth Richardson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islandsofbluewat0000robi">Cable Ships and Submarine Cables</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adlard_Coles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adlard Coles(页面不存在)">Adlard Coles</a>. 1968. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780229973637" title="Special:网络书源/9780229973637"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9780229973637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Richardson&amp;rft.aulast=Haigh&amp;rft.btitle=Cable+Ships+and+Submarine+Cables&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780229973637&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Adlard+Coles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislandsofbluewat0000robi&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lindley, David. Degrees Kelvin&#160;: a tale of genius, invention, and tragedy. Washington, District of Columbia. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0309167825" title="Special:网络书源/0309167825"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;0309167825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Lindley&amp;rft.btitle=Degrees+Kelvin+%3A+a+tale+of+genius%2C+invention%2C+and+tragedy&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0309167825&amp;rft.place=Washington%2C+District+of+Columbia&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/telegraph/The-end-of-the-telegraph-era">The End Of The Telegraph Era</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213043510/https://www.britannica.com/technology/telegraph/The-end-of-the-telegraph-era">存档</a>于2022-12-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=The+End+Of+The+Telegraph+Era&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Ftelegraph%2FThe-end-of-the-telegraph-era&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntt-east.co.jp/dmail/"><bdi lang="ja">祝電・弔電は電報申込サイトD-MAIL</bdi></a>. NTT東日本. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207054054/https://www.ntt-east.co.jp/dmail/">存档</a>于2022-12-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=%E7%A5%9D%E9%9B%BB%E3%83%BB%E5%BC%94%E9%9B%BB%E3%81%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1%E7%94%B3%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88D-MAIL&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NTT%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntt-east.co.jp%2Fdmail%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190304162409/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/connecting-britain/edward-prince-wales-visits-londons-telegram-boys/">Edward Prince of Wales visits London's telegram boys</a>. The Telegraph. 2017-06-09. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/connecting-britain/edward-prince-wales-visits-londons-telegram-boys/">原始内容</a>存档于2019-03-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Edward+Prince+of+Wales+visits+London%27s+telegram+boys&amp;rft.date=2017-06-09&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2Fconnecting-britain%2Fedward-prince-wales-visits-londons-telegram-boys%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newley.com/2008/05/01/thailand-bids-farewell-to-the-telegraph/">Thailand Bids Farewell to the Telegraph</a>. Newley Purnell. 2008-05-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123090830/https://newley.com/2008/05/01/thailand-bids-farewell-to-the-telegraph/">存档</a>于2021-01-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Thailand+Bids+Farewell+to+the+Telegraph&amp;rft.date=2008-05-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Newley+Purnell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewley.com%2F2008%2F05%2F01%2Fthailand-bids-farewell-to-the-telegraph%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianphilately.net/indiantelegraph.html">Indian Telegraph Service</a>. Indian Philately Digest. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120210839/http://www.indianphilately.net/indiantelegraph.html">存档</a>于2023-01-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Indian+Telegraph+Service&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Indian+Philately+Digest&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianphilately.net%2Findiantelegraph.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://panx.asia/archives/49655">05/24 - 已讀,也有回!摩斯成功發送美國史上第一封電報</a>. PanX 泛科技. 2016-05-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span>&#93;</span>. 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IT之家. 2020-11-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span>&#93;</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122023630/https://eh.net/encyclopedia/history-of-the-u-s-telegraph-industry/">存档</a>于2015-11-22) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+the+U.S.+Telegraph+Industry&amp;rft.aufirst=Tomas&amp;rft.aulast=Nonnenmacher&amp;rft.date=2001-08-14&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=EH.Net+Encyclopedia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feh.net%2Fencyclopedia%2Fhistory-of-the-u-s-telegraph-industry%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/telegraph">Telegraph</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301005612/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/19/archives/western-unions-monopoly-challenged-western-union-cheers.html">存档</a>于2023-03-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Western+Union%27s+Monopoly+Challenged&amp;rft.aufirst=Ernest&amp;rft.aulast=Holsendolph&amp;rft.date=1978-03-19&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F03%2F19%2Farchives%2Fwestern-unions-monopoly-challenged-western-union-cheers.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/12/31/Western-Union-sells-business-services-unit-to-ATT/1667662619600/">Western Union sells business services unit to AT&amp;T - UPI Archives</a>. UPI. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span>&#93;</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Western+Union+sells+business+services+unit+to+AT%26amp%3BT+-+UPI+Archives&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UPI&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1990%2F12%2F31%2FWestern-Union-sells-business-services-unit-to-ATT%2F1667662619600%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/24e7e6df03d0f2c6fb8218b0b879f037">After Long, Sad Decline, Western Union Wants To Change Its Name With BC-Western</a>. AP NEWS. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301005618/https://apnews.com/article/24e7e6df03d0f2c6fb8218b0b879f037">存档</a>于2023-03-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=After+Long%2C+Sad+Decline%2C+Western+Union+Wants+To+Change+Its+Name+With+BC-Western&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F24e7e6df03d0f2c6fb8218b0b879f037&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/1991/12/19/18957753/at-t-decides-to-drop-telegraph-from-its-services-but-not-its-name">AT&amp;T DECIDES TO DROP TELEGRAPH FROM ITS SERVICES, BUT NOT ITS NAME</a>. Deseret News. 1991-12-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228224300/https://www.deseret.com/1991/12/19/18957753/at-t-decides-to-drop-telegraph-from-its-services-but-not-its-name">存档</a>于2023-02-28) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=AT%26T+DECIDES+TO+DROP+TELEGRAPH+FROM+ITS+SERVICES%2C+BUT+NOT+ITS+NAME&amp;rft.date=1991-12-19&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F1991%2F12%2F19%2F18957753%2Fat-t-decides-to-drop-telegraph-from-its-services-but-not-its-name&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fromthegonzo.wordpress.com/2006/02/02/the-death-of-a-telegram/">The death of a telegram</a>. From the Gonzo. 2006-02-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-01</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301005612/https://fromthegonzo.wordpress.com/2006/02/02/the-death-of-a-telegram/">存档</a>于2023-03-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=The+death+of+a+telegram&amp;rft.date=2006-02-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=From+the+Gonzo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffromthegonzo.wordpress.com%2F2006%2F02%2F02%2Fthe-death-of-a-telegram%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americantelegram.com/aboutus.php">About American Telegram</a>. American Telegram. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408183921/https://www.americantelegram.com/aboutus.php">存档</a>于2019-04-08) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=About+American+Telegram&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Telegram&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericantelegram.com%2Faboutus.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2006/02/01/early-telecom-tapped-out-history/">Early telecom tapped out history</a>. The Denver Post. 2006-02-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306150347/https://www.denverpost.com/2006/02/01/early-telecom-tapped-out-history/">存档</a>于2023-03-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Early+telecom+tapped+out+history&amp;rft.date=2006-02-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2006%2F02%2F01%2Fearly-telecom-tapped-out-history%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Campbell, Morgan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/business/2013/06/18/toronto_firm_telegrams_canada_still_wires_20000_messages_a_year.html">Toronto firm Telegrams Canada still wires 20,000 messages a year</a>. The Star. 2013-06-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122084421/https://www.thestar.com/business/2013/06/18/toronto_firm_telegrams_canada_still_wires_20000_messages_a_year.html">存档</a>于2022-01-22) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Toronto+firm+Telegrams+Canada+still+wires+20%2C000+messages+a+year&amp;rft.aufirst=Morgan&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.date=2013-06-18&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Star&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fbusiness%2F2013%2F06%2F18%2Ftoronto_firm_telegrams_canada_still_wires_20000_messages_a_year.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">México, Telecomunicaciones de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.mx/telecomm/en/articulos/telegraph-operator-s-day-2023?idiom=en">Telegraph Operator's Day, 2023 - Press Release 05</a>. gob.mx. 2023-02-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-01</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306150346/https://www.gob.mx/telecomm/en/articulos/telegraph-operator-s-day-2023?idiom=en">存档</a>于2023-03-06) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到西班牙语网页">(西班牙语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=Telegraph+Operator%27s+Day%2C+2023+-+Press+Release+05&amp;rft.aufirst=Telecomunicaciones+de&amp;rft.aulast=M%C3%A9xico&amp;rft.date=2023-02-17&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=gob.mx&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gob.mx%2Ftelecomm%2Fen%2Farticulos%2Ftelegraph-operator-s-day-2023%3Fidiom%3Den&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">México, Telecomunicaciones de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.mx/telecomm/acciones-y-programas/telegrama-nacional">Telegrama Nacional</a>. gob.mx. 2014-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-01</span>&#93;</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801204336/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node4/node2250/node4426/node16063/index.html">存档</a>于2020-08-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%B4%87%E6%98%8E%E7%B8%A3%E5%BF%97%E3%80%8B%3E%3E%E5%8D%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D+%E9%83%B5%E9%9B%BB%3E%3E%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fnewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode4%2Fnode2250%2Fnode4426%2Fnode16063%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">徐耀南,洪兆鉞編。《臺北電信史略》。交通部臺灣北區電信管理局印行。民國84年1月14日[1995年1月14日]。43-51頁。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9570047761" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 957-00-4776-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/t/2004-05-20/1440364686.shtml">通信信息报:1868-2004年中国通信业发展之路</a>. 通信信息报. 2004-05-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span>&#93;</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306152745/http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n4470048/n16518962/n19136906/n19136919/c19159220/content.html">存档</a>于2023-03-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A855%E5%9E%8B%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E6%89%93%E5%AD%97%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E6%9C%BA&amp;rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;rft.date=2021-06-16&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sasac.gov.cn%2Fn4470048%2Fn16518962%2Fn19136906%2Fn19136919%2Fc19159220%2Fcontent.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-syqs-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-0"><sup><b>46.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-1"><sup><b>46.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-2"><sup><b>46.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-3"><sup><b>46.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-4"><sup><b>46.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-5"><sup><b>46.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-6"><sup><b>46.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-syqs_46-7"><sup><b>46.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">张辛平; 杨燕民 (编). 电信业务实用全书 第一版. 北京: 台海出版社. 2000年11月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/780141151X" title="Special:网络书源/780141151X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;780141151X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E8%BE%9B%E5%B9%B3&amp;rft.au=%E6%9D%A8%E7%87%95%E6%B0%91&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&amp;rft.date=2000-11&amp;rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=780141151X&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B5%B7%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sh138-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sh138_47-0"><sup><b>47.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sh138_47-1"><sup><b>47.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sh138_47-2"><sup><b>47.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">中国电信上海公司. 电信的记忆——上海电信138年 第一版. 上海: 文汇出版社. 2009年4月. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787807415558" title="Special:网络书源/9787807415558"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787807415558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%B0%E5%BF%86%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1138%E5%B9%B4&amp;rft.date=2009-04&amp;rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787807415558&amp;rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&amp;rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E6%B1%87%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sohu.com/a/149508980_260616">北京电报大楼今日关门,59年里“母病速归”是发最多的急电(组图)</a>. 搜狐网. 2017-06-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-03-06</span>&#93;</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306150421/https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&amp;ID=447832&amp;Type=bkzyb">存档</a>于2023-03-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%B0%B4%E6%83%85%E8%AF%91%E7%94%B5&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%89%88&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zgbk.com%2Fecph%2Fwords%3FSiteID%3D1%26ID%3D447832%26Type%3Dbkzyb&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/电报">电报</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telegraphy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telegraphy"><span style="font-weight:bold;">电报</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813145446/http://www.qd8.com.cn/shkt/shktartshow_6224.html">探访北京仅存的电报柜台</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="电信" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="Template:電信"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="Template talk:電信"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:電信"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="电信" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="电信">电信</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电信发展史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of telecommunication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电信发展史(页面不存在)">电信历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" class="extiw" title="en:History of telecommunication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of telecommunication</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="信标" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beacon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E6%A0%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="信标(页面不存在)">信标</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon" class="extiw" title="en:Beacon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beacon</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="广播发展史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of broadcasting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="广播发展史(页面不存在)">广播</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" class="extiw" title="en:History of broadcasting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of broadcasting</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电缆保护系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cable protection system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电缆保护系统(页面不存在)">电缆保护系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_protection_system" class="extiw" title="en:Cable protection system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cable protection system</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="有线电视">有线电视</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">通信卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">计算机网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9" title="数据压缩">数据压缩</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="音频编码格式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Audio coding format"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="音频编码格式(页面不存在)">音频</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_coding_format" class="extiw" title="en:Audio coding format"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Audio coding format</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E4%BD%99%E5%BC%A6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2" title="离散余弦变换">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9" title="图像压缩">图像</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="视频编码格式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Video coding format"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="视频编码格式(页面不存在)">视频</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_coding_format" class="extiw" title="en:Video coding format"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Video coding format</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" title="数字媒体">数字媒体</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网视频" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internet video"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网视频(页面不存在)">互联网视频</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_video" class="extiw" title="en:Internet video"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internet video</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E7%89%87%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99" title="影片分享網站">在线视频平台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="社群媒體">社交媒体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" title="流媒体">流媒体</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="通讯鼓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drums in communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E9%BC%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="通讯鼓(页面不存在)">鼓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drums_in_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Drums in communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drums in communication</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃德霍姆定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edholm&#39;s law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="埃德霍姆定律(页面不存在)">埃德霍姆定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Edholm&#39;s law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edholm's law</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">电报</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="傳真">传真</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回光信号器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heliograph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E5%85%89%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%99%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="回光信号器(页面不存在)">回光信号器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliograph" class="extiw" title="en:Heliograph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heliograph</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="液压电报机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydraulic telegraph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%B2%E5%8E%8B%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E6%9C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="液压电报机(页面不存在)">液压电报机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph" class="extiw" title="en:Hydraulic telegraph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydraulic telegraph</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="信息时代">信息时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="資訊革命">信息革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="互联网历史">互联网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="大眾媒體">大众传媒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="移动电话历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of mobile phones"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="移动电话历史(页面不存在)">手机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" class="extiw" title="en:History of mobile phones"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of mobile phones</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA" title="智能手机">智能手机</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="光通訊">光通讯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光电报" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Optical telegraph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="光電報">光电报</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_telegraph" class="extiw" title="en:Optical telegraph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Optical telegraph</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%91%BC%E6%A9%9F" title="傳呼機">寻呼机</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光音机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Photophone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="光音机(页面不存在)">光音机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophone" class="extiw" title="en:Photophone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Photophone</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="预付费手机历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of prepaid mobile phones"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E4%BB%98%E8%B4%B9%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="预付费手机历史(页面不存在)">预付费手机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" class="extiw" title="en:History of prepaid mobile phones"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of prepaid mobile phones</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电台历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of radio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电台历史(页面不存在)">电台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" class="extiw" title="en:History of radio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of radio</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无线电话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radiotelephone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="無線電話">无线电话</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelephone" class="extiw" title="en:Radiotelephone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radiotelephone</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">卫星通讯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%AA%9E" title="旗語">旗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93" title="半导体">半导体</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E5%99%A8%E4%BB%B6" title="半导体器件">器件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94%E5%A0%B4%E6%95%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體">MOSEFT</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="晶体管历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the transistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%AE%A1%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="晶体管历史(页面不存在)">晶体管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" class="extiw" title="en:History of the transistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the transistor</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%BD%E7%81%AB" title="烽火">烽火</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电信发展史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of telecommunication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电信发展史(页面不存在)">电信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" class="extiw" title="en:History of telecommunication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of telecommunication</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电报传真机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telautograph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E4%BC%A0%E7%9C%9F%E6%9C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电报传真机(页面不存在)">电报传真机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telautograph" class="extiw" title="en:Telautograph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telautograph</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%82%B3%E6%89%93%E5%AD%97%E6%A9%9F" title="電傳打字機">电传</a> <ul><li>电传打字机</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="电话的历史">电话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E6%A1%88" title="电话案">电话案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B2" title="电视史">电视</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="数字电视">數字電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="网络电视">网络电视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="海底電纜">海底电缆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="视频电话历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of videotelephony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="视频电话历史(页面不存在)">视频电话</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" class="extiw" title="en:History of videotelephony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of videotelephony</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="口哨语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Whistled language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E5%93%A8%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="口哨语(页面不存在)">口哨语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistled_language" class="extiw" title="en:Whistled language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Whistled language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="無線通訊">无线革命</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telecom-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/100px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/150px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/200px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">先驱人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳西尔·艾哈迈德 (工程师)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="纳西尔·艾哈迈德 (工程师)(页面不存在)">纳西尔·艾哈迈德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" class="extiw" title="en:Nasir Ahmed (engineer)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nasir Ahmed (engineer)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" title="埃德温·霍华德·阿姆斯特朗">埃德温·霍华德·阿姆斯特朗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="默罕穆德·阿塔拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohamed M. Atalla"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E7%BD%95%E7%A9%86%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="默罕穆德·阿塔拉(页面不存在)">默罕穆德·阿塔拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" class="extiw" title="en:Mohamed M. Atalla"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohamed M. Atalla</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·罗杰·贝尔德">约翰·罗杰·贝尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%98%AD" title="保羅·巴蘭">保羅·巴蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%81" title="约翰·巴丁">约翰·巴丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%8E%84%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔">亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF-%E6%9D%8E" title="蒂姆·伯纳斯-李">蒂姆·伯纳斯-李</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80%C2%B7%E9%92%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF" title="贾格迪什·钱德拉·博斯">贾格迪什·钱德拉·博斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%A1%BF" title="沃尔特·布拉顿">沃尔特·布拉顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB" title="文頓·瑟夫">文頓·瑟夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE" title="克洛德·沙普">克洛德·沙普</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Yogen Dalal" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yogen K Dalal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogen_Dalal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogen Dalal(页面不存在)">约根·达拉勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogen_K_Dalal" class="extiw" title="en:Yogen K Dalal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yogen K Dalal</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐纳德·戴维斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donald Davies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="唐纳德·戴维斯(页面不存在)">唐纳德·戴维斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davies" class="extiw" title="en:Donald Davies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donald Davies</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%AF%8C%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="李·德富雷斯特">李·德富雷斯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF" title="費羅·法恩斯沃斯">費羅·法恩斯沃斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%94" title="范信達">范信達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%99%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="以利沙·格雷">以利沙·格雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E7%B6%AD%E5%A1%9E" title="奧利弗·黑維塞">奧利弗·黑維塞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃尔纳·施奈德·胡佛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Erna Schneider Hoover"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E5%A5%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="埃尔纳·施奈德·胡佛(页面不存在)">埃尔纳·施奈德·胡佛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" class="extiw" title="en:Erna Schneider Hoover"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Erna Schneider Hoover</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈罗德·霍普金斯 (物理学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈罗德·霍普金斯 (物理学家)(页面不存在)">哈罗德·霍普金斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" class="extiw" title="en:Harold Hopkins (physicist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Harold Hopkins (physicist)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网先驱列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Internet pioneers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网先驱列表(页面不存在)">互联网先驱列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Internet pioneers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Internet pioneers</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%81%A9" title="罗伯特·卡恩">罗伯特·卡恩</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="姜大元" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dawon Kahng"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="姜大元(页面不存在)">姜大元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" class="extiw" title="en:Dawon Kahng"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dawon Kahng</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%8C%95" title="高錕">高錕</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳林德·辛格·卡帕尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Narinder Singh Kapany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="纳林德·辛格·卡帕尼(页面不存在)">纳林德·辛格·卡帕尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" class="extiw" title="en:Narinder Singh Kapany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Narinder Singh Kapany</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%9B" title="海蒂·拉玛">海蒂·拉玛</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因诺琴佐·曼泽蒂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Innocenzo Manzetti"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E8%AF%BA%E7%90%B4%E4%BD%90%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%B3%BD%E8%92%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="因诺琴佐·曼泽蒂(页面不存在)">因诺琴佐·曼泽蒂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" class="extiw" title="en:Innocenzo Manzetti"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Innocenzo Manzetti</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%88%97%E5%B0%94%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B0%BC" title="古列尔莫·马可尼">古列尔莫·马可尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%AB" title="罗伯特·梅特卡夫">罗伯特·梅特卡夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E9%BD%8A" title="安東尼奧·穆齊">安東尼奧·穆齊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BE%A4%E6%BD%A4%E4%B8%80" title="西澤潤一">西澤潤一</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉迪亚·佩尔曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radia Perlman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="拉迪亚·佩尔曼(页面不存在)">拉迪亚·佩尔曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_Perlman" class="extiw" title="en:Radia Perlman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radia Perlman</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8D%B7%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB" title="亚历山大·斯捷潘诺维奇·波波夫">亚历山大·波波夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·菲利普·赖斯">约翰·菲利普·赖斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C" title="克劳德·香农">克劳德·香农</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利·萨顿 (发明家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henry Sutton (inventor)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E9%A1%BF_(%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%B6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·萨顿 (发明家)(页面不存在)">亨利·萨顿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" class="extiw" title="en:Henry Sutton (inventor)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henry Sutton (inventor)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" title="尼古拉·特斯拉">尼古拉·特斯拉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡米耶·蒂索" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Camille Tissot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E7%B4%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡米耶·蒂索(页面不存在)">卡米耶·蒂索</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Tissot" class="extiw" title="en:Camille Tissot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Camille Tissot</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔弗雷德·韦尔">阿尔弗雷德·韦尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A" title="查爾斯·惠斯通">查爾斯·惠斯通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BD%90%E5%88%A9%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="弗拉基米尔·佐利金">弗拉基米尔·佐利金</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="传输介质">传输介质</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%BD%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86" title="同轴电缆">同轴电缆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%96%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="光纖通訊">光纤通信</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B0%8E%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" title="光導纖維">光纤</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%85%89%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="自由空間光通信">自由空間光通信</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分子通信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Molecular communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="分子通信(页面不存在)">分子通信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Molecular communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Molecular communication</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">无线电波</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="無線通訊">无线通信</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E7%BA%BF" title="传输线">传输线</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="数据传输线路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Data transmission circuit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="数据传输线路(页面不存在)">数据线路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmission_circuit" class="extiw" title="en:Data transmission circuit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Data transmission circuit</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电信线路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telecommunication circuit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电信线路(页面不存在)">电信线路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" class="extiw" title="en:Telecommunication circuit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telecommunication circuit</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="网络拓扑">网络拓扑</a><br />与交换</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA)" title="带宽 (计算机)">带宽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF" title="通信链路">通信鏈路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9_(%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C)" title="节点 (电信网络)">节点</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="终端 (电信网络)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terminal (telecommunication)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF_(%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="终端 (电信网络)(页面不存在)">终端</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" class="extiw" title="en:Terminal (telecommunication)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terminal (telecommunication)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E5%99%A8" title="網路交換器">交换器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2" title="电路交换">电路交换</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2" title="分组交换">分组交换</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2" title="电信交换">电信交换</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="多路复用">多路复用</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E5%9D%80" title="空分多址">空分多址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="频分多路复用">频分多路复用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="时分多路复用">时分多路复用</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="偏振分多路复用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polarization-division multiplexing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="偏振分多路复用(页面不存在)">偏振分多路复用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" class="extiw" title="en:Polarization-division multiplexing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polarization-division multiplexing</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轨道角动量多路复用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="轨道角动量多路复用(页面不存在)">轨道角动量多路复用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital angular momentum multiplexing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orbital angular momentum multiplexing</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%80%B2%E6%8E%A5" title="分碼多重進接">码分多址</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="电信网络">电信网络</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E7%AA%9D%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="蜂窝网络">蜂窝网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">计算机网络</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CYCLADES" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CYCLADES"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYCLADES&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CYCLADES(页面不存在)">CYCLADES</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYCLADES" class="extiw" title="en:CYCLADES"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CYCLADES</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="以太网">以太网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二代互联网" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internet2"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="二代互联网(页面不存在)">二代互联网</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet2" class="extiw" title="en:Internet2"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internet2</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91" title="综合业务数字网">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91" title="局域网">局域网</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="移动通讯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mobile telephony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="移动通讯(页面不存在)">移动通讯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" class="extiw" title="en:Mobile telephony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mobile telephony</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="下一代网络">下一代网络</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="NPL网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NPL network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPL%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="NPL网络(页面不存在)">NPL网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPL_network" class="extiw" title="en:NPL network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NPL network</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%91" title="公共交换电话网">公共交换电话网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0%E7%B6%B2" title="電台網">电台网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE" title="通訊裝置">通信设备</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E8%81%AF%E6%92%AD%E7%B6%B2" title="電視聯播網">电视网</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电传机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telex"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E6%9C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电传机(页面不存在)">电传机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telex" class="extiw" title="en:Telex"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telex</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91" title="广域网">广域网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="无线网络">无线网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="万维网">万维网</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="Category:电信">分类</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电信概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of telecommunication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电信概述(页面不存在)">概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of telecommunication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of telecommunication</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="Portal:电信">主题</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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