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id="toc-Hebrew_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_disqualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_disqualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Physical disqualifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_disqualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defilement_by_uncleanliness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defilement_by_uncleanliness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Defilement by uncleanliness</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Defilement_by_uncleanliness-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Defilement by uncleanliness subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Defilement_by_uncleanliness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defilement_by_contact_with_the_dead" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defilement_by_contact_with_the_dead"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Defilement by contact with the dead</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defilement_by_contact_with_the_dead-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exceptions_to_Tumah_defilement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exceptions_to_Tumah_defilement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Exceptions to Tumah defilement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exceptions_to_Tumah_defilement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marital_defilement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marital_defilement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Marital defilement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marital_defilement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_defilement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_defilement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other defilement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_defilement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rabbinical_commentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbinical_commentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rabbinical commentary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rabbinical_commentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Priesthood in Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span style="padding-left:15px;"> </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/55px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/83px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/110px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0px 5px 5px 5px;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_priestly_descent" title="Presumption of priestly descent">Presumption of priestly descent</a></li></ul></div><br /><a href="/wiki/Priestly_covenant" title="Priestly covenant">Priestly covenant</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Roles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Redemption of the firstborn son</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tzaraath#Cause_and_treatment" title="Tzaraath"><i>Tzaraath</i> (skin disease and mildew)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Torah_instruction_of_the_Kohanim" title="The Torah instruction of the Kohanim">The Torah instruction of the Kohanim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Sacrifice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Incense_offering" title="Incense offering">Incense offering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_din_shel_Kohanim" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth din shel Kohanim">Beth din shel Kohanim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_divisions" title="Priestly divisions">Priestly divisions</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priests</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimelech" title="Ahimelech">Ahimelech</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li></ul></div><br />(First Temple)<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shallum" title="Shallum">Shallum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hilkiah" title="Hilkiah">Hilkiah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiada" title="Jehoiada">Jehoiada</a></li></ul></div><br />(Second Temple)<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_High_Priest" title="Joshua the High Priest">Joshua the High Priest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_the_Just" title="Simeon the Just">Simeon the Just</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Elisha_HaKohen" title="Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen">Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Gamla" title="Joshua ben Gamla">Joshua ben Gamla</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phannias_ben_Samuel" title="Phannias ben Samuel">Phannias ben Samuel</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-four_priestly_gifts" title="Twenty-four priestly gifts">Twenty-four priestly gifts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>The ten gifts given in the Temple</b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sin_offering" title="Sin offering">Sin offering</a></li><li>Guilt offering</li><li>Communal peace offering</li><li>Fowl sin offering</li><li>Leftovers from the suspensive guilt offering</li><li>Oil from the offering for the leper</li><li>Bread from First Fruits</li><li><a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread</a></li><li>Leftovers of the <a href="/wiki/Meal_offering" class="mw-redirect" title="Meal offering">meal offering</a></li><li>Leftovers of the First Sheaf</li></ul></div>.<br /> <b>Four gifts given in Jerusalem</b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firstborn_(Judaism)" title="Firstborn (Judaism)">Firstborn animal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Fruits#Biblical" title="First Fruits">First fruits</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_offering_(Judaism)" title="Burnt offering (Judaism)">Burnt offering</a></li><li>Parts of the <a href="/wiki/Thank_offering" title="Thank offering">thank offering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazirite" title="Nazirite">Nazirite</a>'s offering</li></ul></div><br /> <b>Ten gifts given (even) outside of Jerusalem</b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terumah_(offering)" title="Terumah (offering)">Heave offering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Terumat_hamaaser" title="Terumat hamaaser">Heave offering of the Levite's tithe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dough_offering" title="Dough offering">Dough offering</a></li><li>First shearing of the sheep</li><li><a href="/wiki/Foreleg,_cheeks_and_maw" title="Foreleg, cheeks and maw">Foreleg, cheeks and maw</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Coins for redemption of the firstborn son</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Petter_Chamor" class="mw-redirect" title="Petter Chamor">Redemption of a donkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Herem_(priestly_gift)" title="Herem (priestly gift)">Dedication of property to a priest</a></li><li>Field not redeemed in a Jubilee year</li><li>The property of the foreigner with no heir</li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Priestly garments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">All Priests</a></b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_undergarments" title="Priestly undergarments">Undergarments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_tunic" title="Priestly tunic">Tunic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_turban" title="Priestly turban">Turban</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_sash" title="Priestly sash">Sash</a></li></ul></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a></b><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_robe_(Judaism)" title="Priestly robe (Judaism)">Robe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">Ephod</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_golden_head_plate" title="Priestly golden head plate">Frontlet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_breastplate" title="Priestly breastplate">Breastplate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urim_and_Thummim" title="Urim and Thummim">Urim and Thummim</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Miscellaneous topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_mitzvah_of_sanctifying_the_Kohen" title="The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen">The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kohanic_disqualifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohanic disqualifications">Kohanic disqualifications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_anointing_oil" title="Holy anointing oil">Holy anointing oil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kahen" title="Kahen">Kahen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-Kohen" title="Bat-Kohen">Bat-Kohen (daughter of a kohen)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Zadok" title="Sons of Zadok">Sons of Zadok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_Kohen_defilement_by_the_dead" title="Prohibition of Kohen defilement by the dead">Contact by a kohen with a dead body</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/13_Kohanic_cities" title="13 Kohanic cities">13 Kohanic cities</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kehuna_and_Kohanim" title="Template:Kehuna and Kohanim"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kehuna_and_Kohanim" title="Template talk:Kehuna and Kohanim"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kehuna_and_Kohanim" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kehuna and Kohanim"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Moses" title="Law of Moses">Law of Moses</a> in Ancient Israel certain imperfections and other criteria could disqualify the <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Ancient_Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Ancient Israel)">priest</a> from serving in the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">tabernacle</a> or, later, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a>. </p><p>Many of these disqualifications are applied to the continuing role of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">kohen</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinical literature">rabbinical literature</a>, as well as in some schools of <a href="/wiki/Modern_Judaism" title="Modern Judaism">modern Judaism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hebrew_Bible">Hebrew Bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hebrew Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_disqualifications">Physical disqualifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical disqualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These blemishes include: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blindness</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lameness" class="extiw" title="wikt:lameness">lameness</a></li> <li>an excessively low <a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">nasal</a> bridge (such that a straight brush could apply ointment to both eyes simultaneously)</li> <li>disproportionate limbs</li> <li>a crippled foot or hand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cataracts">cataracts</a></li> <li>a white streak that transverses the junction between <a href="/wiki/Sclera" title="Sclera">sclera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris</a></li> <li>certain types of <a href="/wiki/Boil" title="Boil">boils</a></li> <li>crushed <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicles</a><sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>A Kohen who was afflicted with one of these imperfections would be deemed unfit for service. However, should it be a correctable imperfection, he would become re-eligible for service once the defect is corrected. Although unable to serve, he was permitted to eat of the <a href="/wiki/Terumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Terumah">Terumah</a> (holy food).<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kohanim with these blemishes would be allowed to perform work in the Temple outside of sacrificial service itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defilement_by_uncleanliness">Defilement by uncleanliness</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Defilement by uncleanliness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumah">Tumah</a></div> <p>Since the priests served a unique role of service amongst the nation of Israel, e.g. service in the Holy Temple and consumption of the Holy <a href="/wiki/Terumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Terumah">Terumah</a>, so the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> required them to follow unique rules of ritual purity, in order to protect them against ritual defilement (<a href="/wiki/Tumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumah">tumah</a>). Some of these rules are still maintained today in Orthodox Judaism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defilement_by_contact_with_the_dead">Defilement by contact with the dead</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Defilement by contact with the dead"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_Kohen_defilement_to_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of Kohen defilement to the dead">Prohibition of Kohen defilement to the dead</a></div> <ul><li>Kohanim are forbidden to come in contact with <a href="/wiki/Corpse" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpse">dead bodies</a>. They are permitted, however, to become defiled for their closest relatives: father, mother, brother, unmarried sister, and child. Defilement of a Kohen to his wife, although not biblically explicit, is permitted by <a href="/wiki/D%27Oraita_and_D%27Rabbanan" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Oraita and D'Rabbanan">Rabbinical order</a>.</li> <li>A Kohen is forbidden to enter any house or enclosure, in which a dead body (or part therof), may be found (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0310.htm#6">Leviticus 10:6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0321.htm#1">Leviticus 21:1–5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1244.htm#20">Ezekiel 44:20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1244.htm#25">Ezekiel 44:25</a>) Practical examples of these prohibitions include: not entering a <a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">cemetery</a> or attending a <a href="/wiki/Funeral" title="Funeral">funeral</a>; not being under the same roof (i.e. in a home or hospital) as a dismembered organ. The exact rules and regulations of defilement are quite complex, but a cursory rule of thumb is that they may not enter a room with a dead person or come within a few feet of the body. Proximity to the corpse of a non-Jew is less serious and may only be an issue if actual contact is established.</li></ul> <p>According to Orthodox Jewish practice, modern-day kohanim are obligated to guard against ritual defilement as prescribed by the Talmud. In order to protect them from coming into contact with or proximity to the dead, Orthodox cemeteries traditionally designate a burial ground for kohanim which is at a distance from the general burial ground, so that the sons of deceased kohanim can visit their fathers' graves without entering the cemetery. They are also careful not to be in a hospital, airplane, or any enclosed space where dead bodies are also present. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exceptions_to_Tumah_defilement">Exceptions to Tumah defilement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Exceptions to Tumah defilement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Talmud prescribes that if a kohen, even the Kohen Gadol, chances upon a corpse by the wayside, and there is no one else in the area who can be called upon to bury it, then the Kohen himself must forgo the requirement to abstain from Tumah and perform the burial (<i>Meis Mitzvah</i>). </p><p>The Talmud also permits the Kohen to defile himself in the case of the death of a <i>Nasi</i> (Rabbinic leader of a religious academy). The Talmud relates that when <a href="/wiki/Judah_haNasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah haNasi">Judah haNasi</a> died, the Priestly laws forbidding defilement through contact with the dead were suspended for his burial ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marital_defilement">Marital defilement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marital defilement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A male Kohen may not marry a <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorcee</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Prostitute" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitute">prostitute</a>, or a dishonored woman (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">חללה</span></span>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0321.htm#7">Leviticus 21:7</a>) A Kohen who enters into such a marriage loses the entitlements of his priestly status while in that marriage. The Kohen is not permitted to forgo his status and marry a woman prohibited to him (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0321.htm#6">Leviticus 21:6–7</a>). However, in the event that a Kohen transgresses a marital restriction, upon termination of the marriage the Kohen is allowed to re-assume his function and duties as a full Kohen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>Modern-day <i>kohanim</i> are also prohibited from marrying a divorcee (even their own divorced wife); a woman who has committed <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>, had been involved in <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incest</a>, or had relations with a non-Jew; a convert; or the child of two converts. A born-Jewish woman who has had premarital relations may marry a <i>kohen</i> only if all of her partners were Jewish. </p><p>The daughter of a Jewish mother and non-Jewish father, while halakhically Jewish, is prohibited from marrying a kohen according to the <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a>, reiterated by Rav <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feinstein" title="Moshe Feinstein">Moshe Feinstein</a>. Due to a small doubt about this in the Talmud (Yevamos 45A-B), if such a marriage is performed the couple would not have to get divorced, see Shulchan Aruch 4:19. The sons of such a union do remain Kohanim but there is a doubt as to whether they would be allowed to serve in the 3rd Temple. The London Beth Din will not perform such a marriage but allegedly U.S. and Israeli <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Orthodox">Modern Orthodox</a> synagogues will.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudically</a>, were a kohen to marry in disregard of the above prohibitions, his marriage would be effective. Children born of the union do not have <i><a href="/wiki/Mamzer" title="Mamzer">mamzer</a></i> status. However, these children, are termed <i>Chalal</i> ("disqualified") and do not possess Kohen status. However, the children born of the union of a Kohen married to the daughter of a non Jewish father are not disqualified, as the prohibition is considered a "Safek Pagum", (doubtful blemish).</li> <li>The high priest may marry a virgin only.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_defilement">Other defilement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other defilement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>During the period of the Tabernacle and Temple the priests were required to abstain from wine and all strong drink before and while performing their priestly duties (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0310.htm#9">Leviticus 10:9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1244.htm#21">Ezekiel 44:21</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rabbinical_commentary">Rabbinical commentary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rabbinical commentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Hachinuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Hachinuch">Sefer Hachinuch</a>, since the Temple was a place of beauty and the services that were held in it were designed to inspire visitors to thoughts of repentance and closeness to God, a less than physically perfect priest, and a less than perfect spiritual ambiance, would mar the atmosphere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_status_quo_Kohen" class="mw-redirect" title="The status quo Kohen">The status quo Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mitzvah_of_sanctifying_the_Kohen" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen">The Mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Torah_instruction_of_the_Kohanim" title="The Torah instruction of the Kohanim">The Torah instruction of the Kohanim</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Marshall-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2009" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Taylor (2009). <i>The Crucified Rabbi: Judaism and the Origins of the Catholic Christianity</i>. Saint John Press. pp. 84–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-578-03834-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-578-03834-6"><bdi>978-0-578-03834-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crucified+Rabbi%3A+Judaism+and+the+Origins+of+the+Catholic+Christianity&rft.pages=84-5&rft.pub=Saint+John+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-578-03834-6&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+disqualifications+for+the+Jewish+priesthood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmud Bavli, Kesubos 103b, Tosfos אותו היום, Talmud Yerushalmi, Brachos Perek 3</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishnayoth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mishnayoth (page does not exist)">Mishnayoth</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seder_Nashim" class="mw-redirect" title="Seder Nashim">Seder Nashim</a>.</i> Translated and Annotated by Philip Blackman. Judaica Press Ltd., 2000. pp. 134–135</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&oldid=1150128865">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_disqualifications_for_the_Jewish_priesthood&oldid=1150128865</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Priesthood_(Judaism)" title="Category:Priesthood (Judaism)">Priesthood (Judaism)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 13:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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