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class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Independent agency</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-OfficeOfGovernmentEthics-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="OGE logo"><img alt="OGE logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/US-OfficeOfGovernmentEthics-Logo.svg/150px-US-OfficeOfGovernmentEthics-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/US-OfficeOfGovernmentEthics-Logo.svg/225px-US-OfficeOfGovernmentEthics-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/US-OfficeOfGovernmentEthics-Logo.svg/300px-US-OfficeOfGovernmentEthics-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>OGE logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>United States Office of Government Ethics</b> (<b>OGE</b>) is an independent agency within the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch_of_the_United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch of the United States government">executive branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Federal Government">U.S. Federal Government</a> which is responsible for directing executive branch policies relating to the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Conflicts_of_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflicts of interest">conflicts of interest</a> on the part of Federal executive branch officers and employees. Under the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_Government_Act" title="Ethics in Government Act">Ethics in Government Act</a>, this agency was originally part of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a> from 1978 until it separated in 1989. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_duties">Primary duties</h2></div> <p>The main duties of OGE include the following: </p> <ul><li>Establishing the standards of conduct for the executive branch;</li> <li>Issuing rules and regulations interpreting the criminal conflict of interest restrictions;</li> <li>Establishing the framework for the public and confidential financial disclosure systems for executive branch employees;</li> <li>Developing training and education programs for use by executive branch ethics officials and employees;</li> <li>Ensuring that individual agency ethics programs are functioning properly by setting the requirements for them, supporting them, and reviewing them.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Government ethics concerns in the United States were first addressed by Congress in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27MunicipalLawyer49-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act, entitled "An Act to prevent Frauds upon the Treasury of the United States," made it a misdemeanor for "any officer of the United States" or "any Senator or Representative in Congress" to assist in or prosecute "any claim against the United States." </p><p>Ethics concerns continued to obtain during the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27MunicipalLawyer49-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, prior to becoming <a href="/wiki/Vice-President" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President">Vice-President</a>, served as United States Civil Service Commissioner under President <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a>. He drew on this experience to help create the modern merit system (now exemplified by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merit_Systems_Protection_Board" title="United States Merit Systems Protection Board">United States Merit Systems Protection Board</a>) for federal employees, as President.<sup id="cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27MunicipalLawyer49-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, in turn, led to further developments, including the focus on ethics in Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 1933 inaugural speech. </p><p>Following Watergate, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_Government_Act_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics in Government Act of 1978">Ethics in Government Act of 1978</a> as an attempt to curb the ongoing issues with Ethics in Government.<sup id="cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27MunicipalLawyer49-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Office_of_Director">Office of Director</h2></div> <p>The Director of OGE is appointed by the President after confirmation by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>. The Director of OGE serves a five-year term, thereby overlapping presidential terms, and is subject to no term limit. The rest of the OGE employees are career civil servants. Created by the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_Government_Act_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics in Government Act of 1978">Ethics in Government Act of 1978</a>, OGE separated from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Office_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Personnel Management">U.S. Office of Personnel Management</a> in 1989 pursuant to reform legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2017)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>OGE is currently headed by Acting Director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Finlayson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley Finlayson (page does not exist)">Shelley Finlayson</a>, OGE's Chief of Staff and Program Counsel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finlayson became the Acting Director when the term of <a href="/wiki/Emory_Rounds" title="Emory Rounds">Emory Rounds</a> expired on July 12, 2023. Rounds was sworn into office on August 2, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues_involving_President_Trump">Issues involving President Trump</h2></div> <p>A series of tweets on 30 November 2016 from the office's official <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account praised President-elect <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> for planning to divest his <a href="/wiki/Trump_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Organization">business holdings</a> in order to resolve potential conflicts of interest, following an announcement where Trump reaffirmed his intent to take himself out of business operations, despite him having made no firm commitment to a divestment like selling his businesses or a blind trust. A number of observers speculated that the office's account might have been hacked, a suggestion it later denied.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> suggested that the apparent misunderstanding behind the postings were deliberately intended to reveal the independent agency had advised Trump's legal counsel that a divestment was the only adequate remedy for resolving any conflict, and, by extension, pressure Trump into doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Freedom of Information Act request by news organization <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a> revealed that OGE Director <a href="/wiki/Walter_Shaub" title="Walter Shaub">Walter M. Shaub</a> personally ordered officials within the agency to post the nine tweets.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the Trump Administration, the Office reversed its own internal policy prohibiting anonymous donations from lobbyists to White House staffers who have legal defense funds.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OGE_certification_of_Ethics_Agreement_Compliance_Form">OGE certification of Ethics Agreement Compliance Form</h3></div> <p>On May 11, 2017, the Office of Government Ethics requested the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> and its associates submit a form regarding divestment of assets and possible conflicts of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_directors_of_the_OGE">List of directors of the OGE</h2></div> <ul><li>J. Jackson Walter, 1979–1982<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>David H. Martin, 1983–1987<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Q._Nebeker" title="Frank Q. Nebeker">Frank Q. Nebeker</a>, 1987–1989<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Stephen D. Potts, 1990–2000<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Amy Comstock, 2000–2003<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Robert Cusick, 2006−2011<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Shaub" title="Walter Shaub">Walter Shaub</a>, 2013–2017<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Apol" title="David J. Apol">David J. Apol</a>, 2017–2018 (acting)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Rounds" title="Emory Rounds">Emory A. Rounds III</a>, 2018–2023<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Finlayson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley Finlayson (page does not exist)">Shelley Finlayson</a> (acting), July 13, 2023–<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Commission_on_Ethics" title="Florida Commission on Ethics">Florida Commission on Ethics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27MunicipalLawyer49-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-27MunicipalLawyer49_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDaviesLeventhalMullaney2003" class="citation journal cs1">Davies, Mark; 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Apol as OGE Acting Director"</a>. <i>United States Office of Government Ethics</i>. 21 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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