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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="hwdsfoq6be5PmdPTM/6IbgUNBepqg+eDwUAmOUkt8hm4ishneKxGUCQ6bsAXbVssmlEPBrASiN8BOJJdtxTVFw==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2011/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="British Journal of Nutrition" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tom Sanders" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/96854135/Maternal_plasma_fatty_acid_composition_and_pregnancy_outcome_in_adolescents" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Adolescents are at a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, including spontaneous preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction, and typically have a poorer-quality diet than adults have. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that low" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/50782491/14625286/80782451/s200_tom.sanders.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/96854135/Maternal_plasma_fatty_acid_composition_and_pregnancy_outcome_in_adolescents" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Adolescents are at a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, including spontaneous preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction, and typically have a poorer-quality diet than adults have. 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In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that low" /> <title>(PDF) Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents | Tom Sanders - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/96854135/Maternal_plasma_fatty_acid_composition_and_pregnancy_outcome_in_adolescents" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733007725000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733007725000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Adolescents are at a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, including spontaneous preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction, and typically have a poorer-quality diet than adults have. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that low maternal dietary intake of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCP) status adversely influences pregnancy outcome. A total of 500 adolescents (14–18 years) were recruited at ≤ 20 weeks\u0026amp;amp;#39; gestation. The frequency of consumption of oily fish was determined by questionnaire (at recruitment and during the third trimester). The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids during the third trimester was determined in 283 subjects. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to derive components, which were divided into tertiles. The pregnancy outcomes were then compared by tertile, adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Of the participants, 69 % reported never eating oily fish during pregnancy, although consumption was not associated with a shorter...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Tom Sanders"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-02-13","dateModified":"2023-02-13","datePublished":"2011-01-01","headline":"Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Nutrition and Dietetics","Obstetrics","British","Diet","Adolescent","Medicine","Animal Production","Birth Weight","Lipids","Pregnancy","Humans","Fatty acids","Female","Body Mass Index","Food Sciences","Gestation","Pregnancy Outcome","Cohort Studies","confounding","Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"British Journal of Nutrition","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/96854135/Maternal_plasma_fatty_acid_composition_and_pregnancy_outcome_in_adolescents","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" 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In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that low maternal dietary intake of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCP) status adversely influences pregnancy outcome. A total of 500 adolescents (14–18 years) were recruited at ≤ 20 weeks\u0026#39; gestation. The frequency of consumption of oily fish was determined by questionnaire (at recruitment and during the third trimester). The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids during the third trimester was determined in 283 subjects. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to derive components, which were divided into tertiles. The pregnancy outcomes were then compared by tertile, adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Of the participants, 69 % reported never eating oily fish during pregnancy, although consumption was not associated with a shorter...","publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","publication_date":"2011,,","publication_name":"British Journal of Nutrition"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [50782491]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":98635901,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/98635901/mini_magick20230213-1-c05wdm.png?1676332517" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50782491" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomSanders13"><img alt="Profile image of Tom Sanders" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/50782491/14625286/80782451/s65_tom.sanders.jpg" />Tom Sanders</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2011, British Journal of Nutrition</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Adolescents are at a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, including spontaneous preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction, and typically have a poorer-quality diet than adults have. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that low maternal dietary intake of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCP) status adversely influences pregnancy outcome. A total of 500 adolescents (14–18 years) were recruited at ≤ 20 weeks&#39; gestation. The frequency of consumption of oily fish was determined by questionnaire (at recruitment and during the third trimester). The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids during the third trimester was determined in 283 subjects. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to derive components, which were divided into tertiles. The pregnancy outcomes were then compared by tertile, adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Of the participants, 69 % reported never eating oily fish during pregnancy, although consumption was not associated with a shorter...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":98635901,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/96854135/Maternal_plasma_fatty_acid_composition_and_pregnancy_outcome_in_adolescents"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":98635901,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/96854135/Maternal_plasma_fatty_acid_composition_and_pregnancy_outcome_in_adolescents"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="98635901" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/96854135/Maternal_plasma_fatty_acid_composition_and_pregnancy_outcome_in_adolescents" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="67231316" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67231316/Dietary_Determinants_of_Polyunsaturated_Fatty_Acid_PUFA_Status_in_a_High_Fish_Eating_Cohort_during_Pregnancy">Dietary Determinants of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Status in a High Fish-Eating Cohort during Pregnancy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41176962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GaryMyers5">Gary Myers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nutrients, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for neurodevelopment and the developing foetus depends on an optimal maternal status. Fish is a rich source of PUFA. The current study investigated dietary patterns, and associations with PUFA status in a high-fish consuming cohort of pregnant women in the Seychelles. At 28 weeks&#39; gestation, pregnant women provided a blood sample, from which serum total PUFA concentrations were measured, A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Fish Use Questionnaire (FUQ) were also completed. Principal component analysis (PCA) of dietary information identified four patterns. Regression analyses found dietary pattern 2, containing foods traditionally eaten in the Seychelles e.g., fish, fruit and vegetables was positively associated with serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (β = 0.134; CI = 0.001, 0.022), and serum total -3 PUFA (β = 0.139; CI = 0.001, 0.023) concentrations. Dietary pattern 1, high in processed foods, snacks, white meat and eggs, was n...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dietary Determinants of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Status in a High Fish-Eating Cohort during Pregnancy","attachmentId":78126187,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67231316/Dietary_Determinants_of_Polyunsaturated_Fatty_Acid_PUFA_Status_in_a_High_Fish_Eating_Cohort_during_Pregnancy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67231316/Dietary_Determinants_of_Polyunsaturated_Fatty_Acid_PUFA_Status_in_a_High_Fish_Eating_Cohort_during_Pregnancy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="88190277" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88190277/Maternal_Factors_Associated_with_Levels_of_Fatty_Acids_Specifically_n_3_PUFA_during_Pregnancy_ECLIPSES_Study">Maternal Factors Associated with Levels of Fatty Acids, Specifically n-3 PUFA during Pregnancy: ECLIPSES Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8161497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/estefaniaaparicio">estefania aparicio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nutrients, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An optimal fatty acid (FA) profile during pregnancy, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is essential for the health of the mother and child. Our aim was to identify the socioeconomic and maternal lifestyle factors associated with serum FA concentration in pregnant women. A longitudinal study was conducted on 479 pregnant women, who were assessed during the first (T1) and third (T3) trimesters of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics, food consumption, and lifestyle were collected. Serum FA concentrations were analysed by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combination. The multiple linear regression showed that high educational level and older age were significantly associated with higher EPA and DHA concentrations and lower values of n-6/n-3 and arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA in T1 and/or T3. Regarding diet—fish and seafood consumption increased EPA concentration and reduced n-6/n-3 and AA/EPA values in both trimesters, whereas its consumptio...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maternal Factors Associated with Levels of Fatty Acids, Specifically n-3 PUFA during Pregnancy: ECLIPSES Study","attachmentId":92211157,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88190277/Maternal_Factors_Associated_with_Levels_of_Fatty_Acids_Specifically_n_3_PUFA_during_Pregnancy_ECLIPSES_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88190277/Maternal_Factors_Associated_with_Levels_of_Fatty_Acids_Specifically_n_3_PUFA_during_Pregnancy_ECLIPSES_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="106248433" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106248433/The_influence_of_fish_consumption_on_serum_n_3_polyunsaturated_fatty_acid_PUFA_concentrations_in_women_of_childbearing_age_a_randomised_controlled_trial_the_iFish_Study_">The influence of fish consumption on serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations in women of childbearing age: a randomised controlled trial (the iFish Study)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="118013004" href="https://ulster.academia.edu/MMulhern">Maria Mulhern</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Nutrition, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Purpose Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) can be synthesised endogenously from linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in a pathway involving the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes. Endogenous synthesis is inefficient; therefore, dietary intake of preformed LCPUFA from their richest source of fish is preferred. This study investigated the effect of fish consumption on PUFA concentrations in women of childbearing age while stratifying by FADS genotype. The influence of fish consumption on lipid profile, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress was also examined. Methods Healthy women (n = 49) provided a buccal swab which was analysed for FADS2 genotype (rs3834458; T/deletion). Participants were stratified according to genotype and randomised to an intervention group to receive either no fish (n = 18), 1 portion (n = 14) or 2 portions (n = 17) (140 g per portion) of fish per week for a period of 8 weeks. Serum PUFA was analysed at baseline and post-interven...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The influence of fish consumption on serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations in women of childbearing age: a randomised controlled trial (the iFish Study)","attachmentId":105495131,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106248433/The_influence_of_fish_consumption_on_serum_n_3_polyunsaturated_fatty_acid_PUFA_concentrations_in_women_of_childbearing_age_a_randomised_controlled_trial_the_iFish_Study_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106248433/The_influence_of_fish_consumption_on_serum_n_3_polyunsaturated_fatty_acid_PUFA_concentrations_in_women_of_childbearing_age_a_randomised_controlled_trial_the_iFish_Study_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="98753127" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98753127/Pregnant_womens_diets_and_fatty_acid_intake_a_study_of_the_frequency_of_intake_of_products_that_are_sources_of_fatty_acids_among_women_in_the_third_trimester_of_pregnancy">Pregnant women's diets and fatty acid intake - a study of the frequency of intake of products that are sources of fatty acids among women in the third trimester of pregnancy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="193404420" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AgnieszkaBia%C5%82ekDratwa">Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Education, Health and Sport</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential for the human body, have several positive functions that affect human health. Pregnancy is a time of particular demand for these acids, especially DHA and EPA, whose sources are mainly oily marine fish. The supply of adequate amounts of these acids conditions the proper development of the fetus, influencing, among other things, the formation of the central nervous system and the development of the child&#39;s retina, as well as protecting against premature birth and increasing the child&#39;s birth weight. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of consumption of fish, vegetable oils, and products rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and evaluate DHA supplementation by pregnant women, as well as to assess knowledge of PFAs, especially DHA and EPA.Material and methods: 210 pregnant women were included in the study. A self-administered and online survey questionnaires were used as the research tool. A database was created usin...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pregnant women's diets and fatty acid intake - a study of the frequency of intake of products that are sources of fatty acids among women in the third trimester of pregnancy","attachmentId":100019194,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98753127/Pregnant_womens_diets_and_fatty_acid_intake_a_study_of_the_frequency_of_intake_of_products_that_are_sources_of_fatty_acids_among_women_in_the_third_trimester_of_pregnancy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98753127/Pregnant_womens_diets_and_fatty_acid_intake_a_study_of_the_frequency_of_intake_of_products_that_are_sources_of_fatty_acids_among_women_in_the_third_trimester_of_pregnancy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="50738644" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50738644/Directly_quantitated_dietary_n_3_fatty_acid_intakes_of_pregnant_Canadian_women_are_lower_than_current_dietary_recommendations">Directly quantitated dietary (n-3) fatty acid intakes of pregnant Canadian women are lower than current dietary recommendations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35315490" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BruceHolub">Bruce Holub</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of nutrition, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">During pregnancy, (n-3) PUFA are incorporated into fetal brain and retinal lipids. Docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)], in particular, is required physiologically for optimal development and function of the central nervous system. Maternal intake of (n-3) PUFA must be sufficient to maintain maternal tissues stores and meet fetal accruement. Recommendations for pregnant women include an Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) of 0.6-1.2% of energy for (n-3) PUFA intake in the current Dietary Reference Intakes, and &gt; or =300 mg/d of DHA suggested by the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids working group. The present study directly quantitated the (n-3) PUFA intake, including DHA, of pregnant, Canadian women (n = 20) in their 2nd and 3rd trimester. Fatty acid intakes were quantitated in triplicate by lipid extraction and GLC of 3-d duplicate food collections calibrated with an internal standard before homogenization. Total fat intakes were also ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Directly quantitated dietary (n-3) fatty acid intakes of pregnant Canadian women are lower than current dietary recommendations","attachmentId":68610280,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50738644/Directly_quantitated_dietary_n_3_fatty_acid_intakes_of_pregnant_Canadian_women_are_lower_than_current_dietary_recommendations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50738644/Directly_quantitated_dietary_n_3_fatty_acid_intakes_of_pregnant_Canadian_women_are_lower_than_current_dietary_recommendations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="87227504" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87227504/Effect_of_long_chain_polyunsaturated_fatty_acid_supplementation_during_pregnancy_or_lactation_on_infant_and_child_body_composition_a_systematic_review">Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy or lactation on infant and child body composition: a systematic review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8787189" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DVirella">Daniel Virella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy or lactation on infant and child body composition: a systematic review","attachmentId":91497250,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87227504/Effect_of_long_chain_polyunsaturated_fatty_acid_supplementation_during_pregnancy_or_lactation_on_infant_and_child_body_composition_a_systematic_review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87227504/Effect_of_long_chain_polyunsaturated_fatty_acid_supplementation_during_pregnancy_or_lactation_on_infant_and_child_body_composition_a_systematic_review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="54347438" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54347438/Habitual_fish_consumption_does_not_prevent_a_decrease_in_LCPUFA_status_in_pregnant_women_the_Seychelles_Child_Development_Nutrition_Study_">Habitual fish consumption does not prevent a decrease in LCPUFA status in pregnant women (the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41176962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GaryMyers5">Gary Myers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Information on the status of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in pregnancy and breast milk in very high fish-eating populations is limited. The aim of this study was to examine dietary intake and changes in fatty acid status in a population of pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles. Serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decreased significantly between 28-week gestation and delivery (n=196). DHA status did not correlate significantly with length of gestation and was not associated with self-reported fish intake, which was high at 527 g/week. In breast milk, the ratio of DHA to arachidonic acid (AA) was consistent with those observed in other high fish-eating populations. Overall the data suggest that high exposure to LCPUFAs from habitual fish consumption does not prevent the documented decrease in LCPUFA status in pregnancy that occurs as a result of foetal accretion in the third trimester of pregnancy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Habitual fish consumption does not prevent a decrease in LCPUFA status in pregnant women (the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study)","attachmentId":70760726,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54347438/Habitual_fish_consumption_does_not_prevent_a_decrease_in_LCPUFA_status_in_pregnant_women_the_Seychelles_Child_Development_Nutrition_Study_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54347438/Habitual_fish_consumption_does_not_prevent_a_decrease_in_LCPUFA_status_in_pregnant_women_the_Seychelles_Child_Development_Nutrition_Study_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="64848531" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64848531/Human_Nutrition_and_Metabolism_Directly_Quantitated_Dietary_n_3_Fatty_Acid_Intakes_of_Pregnant_Canadian_Women_Are_Lower_than_Current_Dietary_Recommendations_1">Human Nutrition and Metabolism Directly Quantitated Dietary ( n-3 ) Fatty Acid Intakes of Pregnant Canadian Women Are Lower than Current Dietary Recommendations 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35315490" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BruceHolub">Bruce Holub</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">During pregnancy, (n-3) PUFA are incorporated into fetal brain and retinal lipids. Docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)], in particular, is required physiologically for optimal development and function of the central nervous system. Maternal intake of (n-3) PUFA must be sufficient to maintain maternal tissues stores and meet fetal accruement. Recommendations for pregnant women include an Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) of 0.6–1.2% of energy for (n-3) PUFA intake in the current Dietary Reference Intakes, and 300 mg/d of DHA suggested by the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids working group. The present study directly quantitated the (n-3) PUFA intake, including DHA, of pregnant, Canadian women (n 20) in their 2nd and 3rd trimester. Fatty acid intakes were quantitated in triplicate by lipid extraction and GLC of 3-d duplicate food collections calibrated with an internal standard before homogenization. Total fat intakes were also estimated u...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism Directly Quantitated Dietary ( n-3 ) Fatty Acid Intakes of Pregnant Canadian Women Are Lower than Current Dietary Recommendations 1","attachmentId":76692179,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64848531/Human_Nutrition_and_Metabolism_Directly_Quantitated_Dietary_n_3_Fatty_Acid_Intakes_of_Pregnant_Canadian_Women_Are_Lower_than_Current_Dietary_Recommendations_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64848531/Human_Nutrition_and_Metabolism_Directly_Quantitated_Dietary_n_3_Fatty_Acid_Intakes_of_Pregnant_Canadian_Women_Are_Lower_than_Current_Dietary_Recommendations_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="50812434" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50812434/Marine_Omega_3_Fatty_Acids_Complications_of_Pregnancy_and_Maternal_Risk_Factors_for_Offspring_Cardio_Metabolic_Disease">Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Complications of Pregnancy and Maternal Risk Factors for Offspring Cardio-Metabolic Disease</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15312534" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MelindaPhang">Melinda Phang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Drugs</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Complications of Pregnancy and Maternal Risk Factors for Offspring Cardio-Metabolic Disease","attachmentId":68678131,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50812434/Marine_Omega_3_Fatty_Acids_Complications_of_Pregnancy_and_Maternal_Risk_Factors_for_Offspring_Cardio_Metabolic_Disease","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50812434/Marine_Omega_3_Fatty_Acids_Complications_of_Pregnancy_and_Maternal_Risk_Factors_for_Offspring_Cardio_Metabolic_Disease"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="28450268" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28450268/The_roles_of_long_chain_polyunsaturated_fatty_acids_in_pregnancy_lactation_and_infancy_review_of_current_knowledge_and_consensus_recommendations">The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53352412" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CuelloConstanza">Constanza Cuello</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper reviews current knowledge on the role of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), doco-sahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), in maternal and term infant nutrition as well as infant development. Consensus recommendations and practice guidelines for health-care providers supported by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Early Nutrition Academy, and the Child Health Foundation are provided. The fetus and neonate should receive LC-PUFA in amounts sufficient to support optimal visual and cognitive development. Moreover, the consumption of oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk for early premature birth. Pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average daily intake of at least 200 mg DHA. For healthy term infants, we recommend and fully endorse breastfeeding, which supplies preformed LC-PUFA, as the preferred method of feeding. When breastfeeding is not possible, we recommend use of an infant formula providing DHA at levels between 0.2 and 0.5 weight percent of total fat, and with the minimum amount of AA equivalent to the contents of DHA. Dietary LC-PUFA supply should continue after the first six months of life, but currently there is not sufficient information for quantitative recommendations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations","attachmentId":48799329,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28450268/The_roles_of_long_chain_polyunsaturated_fatty_acids_in_pregnancy_lactation_and_infancy_review_of_current_knowledge_and_consensus_recommendations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28450268/The_roles_of_long_chain_polyunsaturated_fatty_acids_in_pregnancy_lactation_and_infancy_review_of_current_knowledge_and_consensus_recommendations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":98635901,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":98635901,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_98635901" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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