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antenna telecommunication</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: relay antenna telecommunication"> <meta name="keywords" content="relay antenna telecommunication"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="relay antenna telecommunication"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 500</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: relay antenna telecommunication</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> Simulation and Optimization of Hybrid Energy System Autonomous PV-Diesel-Wind Power with Battery Storage for Relay Antenna Telecommunication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahri%20Toufik">Tahri Toufik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchachia%20Mohamed"> Bouchachia Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braikia%20Oussama"> Braikia Oussama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is the design and optimization of a hybrid PV-Diesel-Wind power system with storage in order to power a relay antenna telecommunication isolated in Chlef region. The aim of the simulation of this hybrid system by the HOMER software is to determine the size and the number of each element of the system and to determine the optimal technical and economic configuration using monthly average values per year for a fixed charge antenna relay telecommunication of 22kWh/d. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMER" title="HOMER">HOMER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-diesel-wind%20system" title=" PV-diesel-wind system"> PV-diesel-wind system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication" title=" relay antenna telecommunication"> relay antenna telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856/simulation-and-optimization-of-hybrid-energy-system-autonomous-pv-diesel-wind-power-with-battery-storage-for-relay-antenna-telecommunication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Omni-Relay (OR) Scheme-Aided LTE-A Communication Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Mahasneh">Hassan Mahasneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Sesay"> Abu Sesay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose the use of relay terminals at the cell edge of an LTE-based cellar system. Each relay terminal is equipped with an omni-directional antenna. We refer to this scheme as the Omni-Relay (OR) scheme. The OR scheme coordinates the inter-cell interference (ICI) stemming from adjacent cells and increases the desired signal level at cell-edge regions. To validate the performance of the OR scheme, we derive the average signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and the average capacity and compare it with the conventional universal frequency reuse factor (UFRF). The results show that the proposed OR scheme provides higher average SINR and average capacity compared to the UFRF due to the assistance of the distributed relay nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20UFRF%20scheme" title="the UFRF scheme">the UFRF scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20OR%20scheme" title=" the OR scheme"> the OR scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICI" title=" ICI"> ICI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20terminals" title=" relay terminals"> relay terminals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SINR" title=" SINR"> SINR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42422/omni-relay-or-scheme-aided-lte-a-communication-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> Efficient Relay Selection Scheme Utilizing OVSF Code in Cooperative Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Seop%20Ahn">Yeong-Seop Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung-Jin%20Kim"> Myoung-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Min%20Ko"> Young-Min Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a relay selection scheme utilizing an orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) code in a cooperative communication. The relay selection scheme influences on the communication performance in the cooperative communication. Conventional relay selection schemes such as the best harmonic mean relay selection scheme or the threshold-based relay selection scheme should know information such as channel state information (CSI) in advance. The proposed relay selection scheme does not require information in advance by using a reference signal utilizing the OVSF code. The simulation result shows that bit error rate (BER) performance of proposed relay selection scheme is similar to the best harmonic mean relay selection scheme that is known as one of the optimal relay selection schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title="cooperative communication">cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20selection" title=" relay selection"> relay selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OVSF%20code" title=" OVSF code"> OVSF code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32268/efficient-relay-selection-scheme-utilizing-ovsf-code-in-cooperative-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">637</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Decode and Forward Cooperative Protocol Enhancement Using Interference Cancellation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddeeq%20Y.%20Ameen">Siddeeq Y. Ameen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20K.%20Yousif"> Mohammed K. Yousif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cooperative communication systems are considered to be a promising technology to improve the system capacity, reliability and performances over fading wireless channels. Cooperative relaying system with a single antenna will be able to reach the advantages of multiple antenna communication systems. It is ideally suitable for the distributed communication systems; the relays can cooperate and form virtual MIMO systems. Thus the paper will aim to investigate the possible enhancement of cooperated system using decode and forward protocol. On decode and forward an attempt to cancel or at least reduce the interference instead of increasing the SNR values is achieved. The latter can be achieved via the use group of relays depending on the channel status from source to relay and relay to destination respectively. In the proposed system, the transmission time has been divided into two phases to be used by decode and forward protocol. The first phase has been allocated for the source to transmit its data whereas the relays and destination nodes are in receiving mode. On the other hand, the second phase is allocated for the first and second groups of relay nodes to relay the data to the destination node. Simulations results have shown an improvement in performance is achieved compared to the conventional decode and forward in terms of BER and transmission rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20systems" title="cooperative systems">cooperative systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20cancellation" title=" interference cancellation"> interference cancellation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20MIMO" title=" virtual MIMO"> virtual MIMO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5471/decode-and-forward-cooperative-protocol-enhancement-using-interference-cancellation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> Efficient Single Relay Selection Scheme for Cooperative Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Bok%20Choi">Sung-Bok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Jun%20Shin"> Hyun-Jun Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a single relay selection scheme in cooperative communication. Decode and forward scheme is considered when a source node wants to cooperate with a single relay for data transmission. To use the proposed single relay selection scheme, the source node make a little different pattern signal which is not complex pattern and broadcasts it. The proposed scheme does not require the channel state information between the source node and candidates of the relay during the relay selection. Therefore, it is able to be used in many fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20selection" title="relay selection">relay selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title=" cooperative communication"> cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=df" title=" df"> df</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20codes" title=" channel codes"> channel codes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3523/efficient-single-relay-selection-scheme-for-cooperative-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">670</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> A Cooperative Signaling Scheme for Global Navigation Satellite Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as Galileo and GPS is employing more satellites to provide a higher degree of accuracy for the location service, thus calling for a more efficient signaling scheme among the satellites used in the overall GNSS network. In that the network throughput is improved, the spatial diversity can be one of the efficient signaling schemes; however, it requires multiple antenna that could cause a significant increase in the complexity of the GNSS. Thus, a diversity scheme called the cooperative signaling was proposed, where the virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signaling is realized with using only a single antenna in the transmit satellite of interest and with modeling the neighboring satellites as relay nodes. The main drawback of the cooperative signaling is that the relay nodes receive the transmitted signal at different time instants, i.e., they operate in an asynchronous way, and thus, the overall performance of the GNSS network could degrade severely. To tackle the problem, several modified cooperative signaling schemes were proposed; however, all of them are difficult to implement due to a signal decoding at the relay nodes. Although the implementation at the relay nodes could be simpler to some degree by employing the time-reversal and conjugation operations instead of the signal decoding, it would be more efficient if we could implement the operations of the relay nodes at the source node having more resources than the relay nodes. So, in this paper, we propose a novel cooperative signaling scheme, where the data signals are combined in a unique way at the source node, thus obviating the need of the complex operations such as signal decoding, time-reversal and conjugation at the relay nodes. The numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme provides the same performance in the cooperative diversity and the bit error rate (BER) as the conventional scheme, while reducing the complexity at the relay nodes significantly. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National GNSS Research Center program of Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20navigation%20satellite%20network" title="global navigation satellite network">global navigation satellite network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20signaling" title=" cooperative signaling"> cooperative signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20combining" title=" data combining"> data combining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nodes" title=" nodes"> nodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54855/a-cooperative-signaling-scheme-for-global-navigation-satellite-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Adaptive Transmission Scheme Based on Channel State in Dual-Hop System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Jun%20Yu">Seung-Jun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Jun%20Kim"> Yong-Jun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-In%20Baik"> Jung-In Baik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a dual-hop relay based on channel state is studied. In the conventional relay scheme, a relay uses the same modulation method without reference to channel state. But, a relay uses an adaptive modulation method with reference to channel state. If the channel state is poor, a relay eliminates latter 2 bits and uses Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation. If channel state is good, a relay modulates the received symbols with 16-QAM symbols by using 4 bits. The performance of the proposed scheme for Symbol Error Rate (SER) and throughput is analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20transmission" title="adaptive transmission">adaptive transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20state" title=" channel state"> channel state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-hop" title=" dual-hop"> dual-hop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20modulation" title=" hierarchical modulation"> hierarchical modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay" title=" relay"> relay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52599/adaptive-transmission-scheme-based-on-channel-state-in-dual-hop-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Improving the Gain of a Multiband Antenna by Adding an Artificial Magnetic Conductor Metasurface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Bousselmi">Amira Bousselmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a PIFA antenna designed for geolocation applications (GNSS) operating on 1.278 GHz, 2.8 GHz, 5.7 GHz and 10 GHz. To improve the performance of the antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor structure (AMC) was used. Adding the antenna with AMC resulted in a measured gain of 4.78 dBi. The results of simulations and measurements are presented. CST Microwave Studio is used to design and compare antenna performance. An antenna design methodology, design and characterization of the AMC surface are described as well as the simulated and measured performances of the AMC antenna are then discussed. Finally, in Section V, there is a conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20multiband" title="antenna multiband">antenna multiband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20navigation%20system" title=" global navigation system"> global navigation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMC" title=" AMC"> AMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galeleo" title=" Galeleo"> Galeleo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150107/improving-the-gain-of-a-multiband-antenna-by-adding-an-artificial-magnetic-conductor-metasurface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> Miniaturization of I-Slot Antenna with Improved Efficiency and Gain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mondher%20Labidi">Mondher Labidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fethi%20Choubani"> Fethi Choubani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, novel miniaturization technique of antenna is proposed using I-slot. Using this technique, gain of antenna can increased for 4dB (antenna only) to 6.6dB for the proposed I-slot antenna and a frequency shift of about 0.45 GHz to 1 GHz is obtained. Also a reduction of the shape size of the antenna is achieved (about 38 %) to operate in the Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) band.RF Moreover the frequency shift can be controlled by changing the place or the length of the I-slot. Finally the proposed miniature antenna with an improved radiation efficiency and gain was built and tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20antenna" title="slot antenna">slot antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miniaturization" title=" miniaturization"> miniaturization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF" title=" RF"> RF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20equivalent%20circuit%20%28EEC%29" title=" electrical equivalent circuit (EEC)"> electrical equivalent circuit (EEC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38270/miniaturization-of-i-slot-antenna-with-improved-efficiency-and-gain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> An Electrically Small Silver Ink Printed FR4 Antenna for RF Transceiver Chip CC1101</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Majeed">F. Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20V.%20Thiel"> D. V. Thiel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shahpari"> M. Shahpari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An electrically small meander line antenna is designed for impedance matching with RF transceiver chip CC1101. The design provides the flexibility of tuning the reactance of the antenna over a wide range of values: highly capacitive to highly inductive. The antenna was printed with silver ink on FR4 substrate using the screen printing design process. The antenna impedance was perfectly matched to CC1101 at 433 MHz. The measured radiation efficiency of the antenna was 81.3% at resonance. The 3 dB and 10 dB fractional bandwidth of the antenna was 14.5% and 4.78%, respectively. The read range of the antenna was compared with a copper wire monopole antenna over a distance of five meters. The antenna, with a perfect impedance match with RF transceiver chip CC1101, shows improvement in the read range compared to a monopole antenna over the specified distance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meander%20line%20antenna" title="meander line antenna">meander line antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20ink%20printing" title=" silver ink printing"> silver ink printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20matching" title=" impedance matching"> impedance matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56190/an-electrically-small-silver-ink-printed-fr4-antenna-for-rf-transceiver-chip-cc1101" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> Design of Broadband W-Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20G.%20Nahata">Neeraj G. Nahata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Bhagat"> K. S. Bhagat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microstrip patch antenna widely used in communication area because it offers low profile, narrow bandwidth, high gain, and compact in size. It has big disadvantage of narrow bandwidth. To improve the bandwidth a W-slot technique is used, it is efficient to enhance the bandwidth of antenna. The feeding point of antenna is very important for efficient operation, so coaxial feeding technique is applied to microstrip patch antenna for impedance matching. A broadband W-slot microstrip patch antenna is designed successfully which attains a bandwidth of 22.74% at 10dB return loss with centre frequency of 4.5GHz and also it attains maximum directivity 8.78dBi. It is designed by cutting a W-slot into the patch of antenna, because of this resonant slot, the antenna gives broad bandwidth. This antenna is best suitable for C-band frequency spectrum. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using IE3D software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadband" title="broadband">broadband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20antenna" title=" microstrip antenna"> microstrip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VSWR" title=" VSWR"> VSWR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W-slotted%20patch" title=" W-slotted patch"> W-slotted patch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25341/design-of-broadband-w-slotted-microstrip-patch-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> Depiction of a Circulated Double Psi-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Ku-Band Satellite Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Naimur%20Rahman">M. Naimur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tariqul%20Islam"> Mohammad Tariqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandeep%20Singh%20Jit%20Singh"> Mandeep Singh Jit Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norbahiah%20Misran"> Norbahiah Misran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the architecture and exploration of a compact, circulated double Psi-shaped microstrip patch antenna for Ku-band satellite applications. The antenna is composed of the double Psi-shaped patch in opposite focus which is circulated with a ring. The antenna size is 24 mm × 18 mm and the prototype is imprinted on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 materials with the depth of 1.57 mm. The substrate has a relative permittivity of 2.2 and the dielectric constant of 0.0009. The excitation is supplied through a 50Ω microstrip line. The performance of the presented antenna has been simulated and verified with the High-Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS). The results depict that the antenna covers the frequency spectrum 14.6 - 17.4 GHz (Ku-band) with 10 dB return loss. The antenna has a 4.40 dBi maximum gain with stable radiation patterns throughout the operating band which makes the proposed antenna compatible for the satellite application in Ku-band. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ku-band%20antenna" title="Ku-band antenna">Ku-band antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20antenna" title=" microstrip antenna"> microstrip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psi-shaped%20antenna" title=" psi-shaped antenna"> psi-shaped antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20applications" title=" satellite applications"> satellite applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91475/depiction-of-a-circulated-double-psi-shaped-microstrip-antenna-for-ku-band-satellite-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> On the Design of Wearable Fractal Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Partap%20Singh%20Pharwaha">Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Rani"> Shweta Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is aimed at proposing a rhombus shaped wearable fractal antenna for wireless communication systems. The geometrical descriptors of the antenna have been obtained using bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) for wide band operation. The method of moment based IE3D software has been used to simulate the antenna and observed that miniaturization of 13.08% has been achieved without degrading the resonating properties of the proposed antenna. An analysis with different substrates has also been done in order to evaluate the effectiveness of electrical permittivity on the presented structure. The proposed antenna has low profile, light weight and has successfully demonstrated wideband and multiband characteristics for wearable electronic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BFO" title="BFO">BFO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title=" bandwidth"> bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20permittivity" title=" electrical permittivity"> electrical permittivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractals" title=" fractals"> fractals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20antenna" title=" wearable antenna"> wearable antenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31798/on-the-design-of-wearable-fractal-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Dual Reconfigurable Antenna Using Capacitive Coupling Slot and Parasitic Square Ring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abou%20Al-alaa">M. Abou Al-alaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Elsadek"> H. A. Elsadek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Abdallah"> E. A. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Hashish"> E. A. Hashish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A square patch antenna with both frequency and polarization reconfigurability is presented. The antenna consists of a square patch with coplanar feed on the ground plane. On the patch side, there is a parasitic square ring that is responsible for changing the antenna polarization. On the ground plane, there is a rectangular slot. By changing of length of this slot, the antenna resonance frequency can be changed. The antenna operates at 1.57 and 2.45 GHz that used in GPS and Bluetooth applications, respectively. The length of the slot in the proposed antenna is 40 mm, and the antenna operates at the lower frequency (1.57 GHz). By using switches in the ground plane the slot length can be adjust to 24 mm, so the antenna operates at upper frequency (2.45 GHz). Two switches are mounted on the parasitic ring at optimized positions. By switching between the different states of these two switches, the proposed antenna operates with linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) at each operating frequency. The antenna gain at 1.57 and 2.45 GHz are 5.9 and 7.64 dBi, respectively. The antenna is analyzed using the CST Microwave Studio. The proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. Results comparison shows good agreement. The antenna has applications in several wireless communication systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20patch%20antenna" title="microstrip patch antenna">microstrip patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20antenna" title=" reconfigurable antenna"> reconfigurable antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20reconfigurability" title=" frequency reconfigurability"> frequency reconfigurability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20reconfigurability" title=" polarization reconfigurability"> polarization reconfigurability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitic%20square%20ring" title=" parasitic square ring"> parasitic square ring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20polarization" title=" linear polarization"> linear polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarization" title=" circular polarization "> circular polarization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5893/dual-reconfigurable-antenna-using-capacitive-coupling-slot-and-parasitic-square-ring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Directivity and Gain Improvement for Microstrip Array Antenna with Directors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Elkamchouchi">Hassan M. Elkamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samy%20H.%20Darwish"> Samy H. Darwish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20H.%20Elkamchouchi"> Yasser H. Elkamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Morsy"> M. E. Morsy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Methodology is suggested to design a linear rectangular microstrip array antenna based on Yagi antenna theory. The antenna with different directors' lengths as parasitic elements were designed, simulated, and analyzed using HFSS. The calculus and results illustrate the effectiveness of using specific parasitic elements to improve the directivity and gain for microstrip array antenna. The results have shown that the suggested methodology has the potential to be applied for improving the antenna performance. Maximum radiation intensity (Umax) of the order of 0.47w/st was recorded, directivity of 6.58dB, and gain better than 6.07dB are readily achievable for the antenna that working. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directivity" title="directivity">directivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=director" title=" director"> director</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20antenna" title=" microstrip antenna"> microstrip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20improvment" title=" gain improvment"> gain improvment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46501/directivity-and-gain-improvement-for-microstrip-array-antenna-with-directors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> A Discussion on Electrically Small Antenna Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riki%20H.%20Patel">Riki H. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpan%20Desia"> Arpan Desia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trushit%20Upadhayay"> Trushit Upadhayay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand of compact antenna is ever increasing since the inception of wireless communication devices. In the age of wireless communication, requirement of miniaturized antennas is quite high. It is quite often that antenna dimensions are decided based on application based requirement compared to practical antenna constraints. The tradeoff in efficiency and other antenna parameters against to antenna size is always a debatable issue. The article presents detailed review of fundamentals of electrically small antennas and its potential applications. In addition, constraints and challenges of electrically small antennas are also presented in the article. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title="bandwidth">bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrically%20small%20antenna" title=" electrically small antenna"> electrically small antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20engineering" title=" communication engineering"> communication engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25459/a-discussion-on-electrically-small-antenna-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> Node Pair Selection Scheme in Relay-Aided Communication Based on Stable Marriage Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuki%20Taniguchi">Tetsuki Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshio%20Karasawa"> Yoshio Karasawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a node pair selection scheme in relay-aided multiple source multiple destination communication system based on stable marriage problem. A general case is assumed in which all of source, relay and destination nodes are equipped with multiantenna and carry out multistream transmission. Based on several metrics introduced from inter-node channel condition, the preference order is determined about all source-relay and relay-destination relations, and then the node pairs are determined using Gale-Shapley algorithm. The computer simulations show that the effectiveness of node pair selection is larger in multihop communication. Some additional aspects which are different from relay-less case are also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay" title="relay">relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20input%20multiple%20output%20%28MIMO%29" title=" multiple input multiple output (MIMO)"> multiple input multiple output (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiuser" title=" multiuser"> multiuser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplify%20and%20forward" title=" amplify and forward"> amplify and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20marriage%20problem" title=" stable marriage problem"> stable marriage problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gale-Shapley%20algorithm" title=" Gale-Shapley algorithm"> Gale-Shapley algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10192/node-pair-selection-scheme-in-relay-aided-communication-based-on-stable-marriage-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> A Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Krachodnok">P. Krachodnok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the design of a multiple U-slotted microstrip patch antenna with frequency selective surface (FSS) as a superstrate for WLAN and WiMAX applications is presented. The proposed antenna is designed by using substrate FR4 having permittivity of 4.4 and air substrate. The characteristics of the antenna are designed and evaluated the performance of modelled antenna using CST Microwave studio. The proposed antenna dual resonant frequency has been achieved in the band of 2.37-2.55 GHz and 3.4-3.6 GHz. Because of the impact of FSS superstrate, it is found that the bandwidths have been improved from 6.12% to 7.35 % and 3.7% to 5.7% at resonant frequencies 2.45 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively. The maximum gain at the resonant frequency of 2.45 and 3.5 GHz are 9.3 and 11.33 dBi, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-slotted%20antenna" title="multi-slotted antenna">multi-slotted antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20patch%20antenna" title=" microstrip patch antenna"> microstrip patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20selective%20surface" title=" frequency selective surface"> frequency selective surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20magnetic%20conduction" title=" artificial magnetic conduction"> artificial magnetic conduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12024/a-dual-band-microstrip-patch-antenna-for-wlan-and-wimax-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Field-Programmable Gate Array Based Tester for Protective Relay </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bentarzi">H. Bentarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zitouni"> A. Zitouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reliability of the power grid depends on the successful operation of thousands of protective relays. The failure of one relay to operate as intended may lead the entire power grid to blackout. In fact, major power system failures during transient disturbances may be caused by unnecessary protective relay tripping rather than by the failure of a relay to operate. Adequate relay testing provides a first defense against false trips of the relay and hence improves power grid stability and prevents catastrophic bulk power system failures. The goal of this research project is to design and enhance the relay tester using a technology such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) card NI 7851. A PC based tester framework has been developed using Simulink power system model for generating signals under different conditions (faults or transient disturbances) and LabVIEW for developing the graphical user interface and configuring the FPGA. Besides, the interface system has been developed for outputting and amplifying the signals without distortion. These signals should be like the generated ones by the real power system and large enough for testing the relay’s functionality. The signals generated that have been displayed on the scope are satisfactory. Furthermore, the proposed testing system can be used for improving the performance of protective relay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplifier%20class%20D" title="amplifier class D">amplifier class D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field-programmable%20gate%20array%20%28FPGA%29" title=" field-programmable gate array (FPGA)"> field-programmable gate array (FPGA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protective%20relay" title=" protective relay"> protective relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tester" title=" tester"> tester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74115/field-programmable-gate-array-based-tester-for-protective-relay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Multi Antenna Systems for 5G Mobile Phones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20N.%20Khan">Muhammad N. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20O.%20Gillani"> Syed O. Gillani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsin%20Jamil"> Mohsin Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarbia%20Iftikhar"> Tarbia Iftikhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing demand of bandwidth and data rate, there is a dire need to implement antenna systems in mobile phones which are able to fulfill user requirements. A monopole antenna system with multi-antennas configurations is proposed considering the feasibility and user demand. The multi-antenna structure is referred to as multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system. The multi-antenna system comprises of 4 antennas operating below 6 GHz frequency bands for 4G/LTE and 4 antenna for 5G applications at 28 GHz and the dimension of board is 120 × 70 × 0.8mm3. The suggested designs is feasible with a structure of low-profile planar-antenna and is adaptable to smart cell phones and handheld devices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first design compared to the literature by having integrated antenna system for two standards, i.e., 4G and 5G. All MIMO antenna systems are simulated on commercially available software, which is high frequency structures simulator (HFSS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20frequency%20structures%20simulator%20%28HFSS%29" title="high frequency structures simulator (HFSS)">high frequency structures simulator (HFSS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutli-input%20multi-output%20%28MIMO%29" title=" mutli-input multi-output (MIMO)"> mutli-input multi-output (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monopole%20antenna" title=" monopole antenna"> monopole antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20antenna" title=" slot antenna"> slot antenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86862/multi-antenna-systems-for-5g-mobile-phones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Optimization of Dual Band Antenna on Silicon Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syrine%20lahmadi">Syrine lahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamel%20Bel%20Hadj%20Tahar"> Jamel Bel Hadj Tahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a rectangular antenna with slots integrated on silicon substrate operating in 60GHz, is studied and optimized. The effect of different parameter of the antenna (width, length, the position of the microstrip-feed line...) and the parameter of the substrate (the thickness, the dielectric constant) on gain, frequency is presented. Also, the paper presents a solution to ameliorate the bandwidth. The maximum simulated radiation gain of this rectangular dual band antenna is 5, 38 dB around 60GHz. The simulation studied id developed based on advanced design system tools. It is found that the designed antenna is 19 % smaller than a rectangular antenna with the same dimensions. This antenna with dual band can function for many communication systems as automobile or radar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20band" title="dual band">dual band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enlargement%20of%20bandwidth" title=" enlargement of bandwidth"> enlargement of bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miniaturized%20antennas" title=" miniaturized antennas"> miniaturized antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printed%20antenna" title=" printed antenna"> printed antenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30092/optimization-of-dual-band-antenna-on-silicon-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> Novel Microstrip MIMO Antenna for 3G/4G Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20Samir%20Nasief">Sandro Samir Nasief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Hamed%20Ghouz"> Hussein Hamed Ghouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Fathy"> Mohamed Fathy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compact ultra-wide band micro-strip MIMO antenna is introduced. The antenna consists of two elements each of size 24X24 mm2 (square millimetre) while the total MIMO size is 58X24 mm2 after the spacing between MIMO elements and adding a decouple circuit. The first one covers from 3.29 to 6.9 GHZ using digital ground and the second antenna covers from 8.76 to 13.27 GHZ using defective ground. This type of antenna is used for 3G and 4G applications. The introduction for the antenna structure and the parametric study (reflection coefficients, gain, coupling and decoupling) will be introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-strip%20antenna" title="micro-strip antenna">micro-strip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20ground" title=" digital ground"> digital ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defective%20ground" title=" defective ground"> defective ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decouple%20circuit" title=" decouple circuit"> decouple circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title=" bandwidth"> bandwidth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4377/novel-microstrip-mimo-antenna-for-3g4g-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">478</span> Design of H-Shape X-band Application Electrically Small Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riki%20H.%20Patel">Riki H. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpan%20H.%20Desai"> Arpan H. Desai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trushit%20Upadhyaya"> Trushit Upadhyaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new small electrically antenna rectangular X- band micro-strip patch antenna loaded with material Rogers RT/duroid 5870 (tm). The present discussion focuses on small Electrically antenna which are electrically small compared to wave length the performance of electrically small antenna are closely related to their electrical size, the gain can be increased to maintain the efficiency of the radiator. Basically micro-strip Patch antennas have been used in satellite communications and for their good characteristics such as lightness, low cost, and so on. Here in the design H- shape folded dipole, which increase the band width of the antenna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrically%20small%20antennas" title="electrically small antennas">electrically small antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-band%20application" title=" X-band application"> X-band application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title=" antenna"> antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-strip%20patch" title=" micro-strip patch"> micro-strip patch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20antenna" title=" frequency antenna"> frequency antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed" title=" feed"> feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain" title=" gain"> gain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32279/design-of-h-shape-x-band-application-electrically-small-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> Design of a Commercial Off-the-Shelf Patch Antenna with Wide Half Power Beam Width for Global Navigation Satellite Systems Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mannahel%20Iftikhar">Mannahel Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Saeed"> Sara Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqra%20Faryad"> Iqra Faryad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Subhan"> Muhammad Subhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the design of a low-cost dual-band stacked rhombus-shaped slot patch antenna. The antenna is designed on L-band with a GPS (L2) bandwidth of 0.08 GHz centered at 1.207 GHz and a GPS (L1) bandwidth of 0.23 GHz centered at 1.575 GHz. The antenna’s dimensions are 8.02×8.02 cm². The antenna has a 3 dB beamwidth of 100° at 1.204 GHz and 117° at 1.575 GHz. The gain of this antenna is 6.5 dBi at 1.575 GHz and 6.43 dBi at 1.207 GHz. The antenna is designed using commercial off-the-shelf components and can be used in any global navigation satellite system receiver covering L1 and L2 communication bands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarization" title="circular polarization">circular polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20beamwidth" title=" enhanced beamwidth"> enhanced beamwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stacked%20patches" title=" stacked patches"> stacked patches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GNSS" title=" GNSS"> GNSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20communication" title=" satellite communication"> satellite communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160831/design-of-a-commercial-off-the-shelf-patch-antenna-with-wide-half-power-beam-width-for-global-navigation-satellite-systems-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> A Low Profile Dual Polarized Slot Coupled Patch Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingde%20Du">Mingde Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Han"> Dong Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A low profile, dual polarized, slot coupled patch antenna is designed and developed in this paper. The antenna has a measured bandwidth of 17.2% for return loss > 15 dB and pair ports isolation >23 dB. The gain of the antenna is over 10 dBi and the half power beam widths (HPBW) of the antenna are 80±3<sup>o</sup> in the horizontal plane and 39±2<sup>o</sup> in the vertical plane. The cross polarization discrimination (XPD) is less than 20 dB in HPBW. Within the operating band, the performances of good impedance match, high ports isolation, low cross polarization, and stable radiation patterns are achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20polarized" title="dual polarized">dual polarized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20antenna" title=" patch antenna"> patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20coupled" title=" slot coupled"> slot coupled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station%20antenna" title=" base station antenna"> base station antenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80571/a-low-profile-dual-polarized-slot-coupled-patch-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> Distance Protection Performance Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsalam%20Omar">Abdelsalam Omar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents simulation-based case study that indicate the need for accurate dynamic modeling of distance protection relay. In many cases, a static analysis based on current and voltage phasors may be sufficient to assess the performance of distance protection. There are several circumstances under which such a simplified study does not provide the depth of analysis necessary to obtain accurate results, however. This letter present study of the influences of magnetizing inrush and power swing on the performance of distance protection relay. One type of numerical distance protection relay has been investigated: 7SA511. The study has been performed in order to demonstrate the relay response when dynamic model of distance relay is utilized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20protection" title="distance protection">distance protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnitizing%20inrush" title=" magnitizing inrush"> magnitizing inrush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20swing" title=" power swing"> power swing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20model%20of%20protection%20relays" title=" dynamic model of protection relays"> dynamic model of protection relays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulatio" title=" simulatio"> simulatio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21116/distance-protection-performance-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">474</span> Cooperative AF Scheme for Multi Source and Terminal in Edge of Cell Coverage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung-Jin%20Kim">Myoung-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Bin%20Ha"> Chang-Bin Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Seop%20Ahn"> Yeong-Seop Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a cooperative communication scheme for improve wireless communication performance. When the receiver is located in the edge of coverage, the signal from the transmitter is distorted for various reasons such as inter-cell interference (ICI), power reduction, incorrect channel estimation. In order to improve communication performance, the proposed scheme adds the relay. By the relay, the receiver has diversity gain. In this paper, two base stations, one relay and one destination are considered. The two base stations transmit same time to relay and destination. The relay forwarding to destination and the destination detects signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title="cooperative communication">cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity%20gain" title=" diversity gain"> diversity gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMSE" title=" MMSE"> MMSE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42217/cooperative-af-scheme-for-multi-source-and-terminal-in-edge-of-cell-coverage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">473</span> Software Quality Measurement System for Telecommunication Industry in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Fazlina%20Iryani%20Abdul%20Hamid">Nor Fazlina Iryani Abdul Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Khatim%20Hasan"> Mohamad Khatim Hasan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evolution of software quality measurement has been started since McCall introduced his quality model in year 1977. Starting from there, several software quality models and software quality measurement methods had emerged but none of them focused on telecommunication industry. In this paper, the implementation of software quality measurement system for telecommunication industry was compulsory to accommodate the rapid growth of telecommunication industry. The quality value of the telecommunication related software could be calculated using this system by entering the required parameters. The system would calculate the quality value of the measured system based on predefined quality metrics and aggregated by referring to the quality model. It would classify the quality level of the software based on Net Satisfaction Index (NSI). Thus, software quality measurement system was important to both developers and users in order to produce high quality software product for telecommunication industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title="software quality">software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20measurement" title=" quality measurement"> quality measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20model" title=" quality model"> quality model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20metric" title=" quality metric"> quality metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20satisfaction%20index" title=" net satisfaction index"> net satisfaction index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15875/software-quality-measurement-system-for-telecommunication-industry-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">472</span> Curved Rectangular Patch Array Antenna Using Flexible Copper Sheet for Small Missile Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessada%20Monthasuwan">Jessada Monthasuwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charinsak%20Saetiaw"> Charinsak Saetiaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanchai%20Thongsopa"> Chanchai Thongsopa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development and design of the curved rectangular patch arrays antenna for small missile application. This design uses a 0.1mm flexible copper sheet on the front layer and back layer, and a 1.8mm PVC substrate on a middle layer. The study used a small missile model with 122mm diameter size with speed 1.1 Mach and frequency range on ISM 2.4 GHz. The design of curved antenna can be installation on a cylindrical object like a missile. So, our proposed antenna design will have a small size, lightweight, low cost, and simple structure. The antenna was design and analysis by a simulation result from CST microwave studio and confirmed with a measurement result from a prototype antenna. The proposed antenna has a bandwidth covering the frequency range 2.35-2.48 GHz, the return loss below -10 dB and antenna gain 6.5 dB. The proposed antenna can be applied with a small guided missile effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20patch%20arrays" title="rectangular patch arrays">rectangular patch arrays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20missile%20antenna" title=" small missile antenna"> small missile antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20design%20and%20simulation" title=" antenna design and simulation"> antenna design and simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylinder%20PVC%20tube" title=" cylinder PVC tube"> cylinder PVC tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2276/curved-rectangular-patch-array-antenna-using-flexible-copper-sheet-for-small-missile-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">471</span> Exploratory Research on Outsourcing Practices and Benefits on Telecommunication Industry in Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alyamama%20Alsaidi">Alyamama Alsaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research has been conducted in order to analyse the impact of outsourcing on telecommunication industry in Oman. The research is conducted by collecting qualitative and quantitative data in order to widen the area of comprehension. The data has been collected from genuine sources which showcased that results were reliable and possess validity. The outsourcing is very important because it helps the organisation in saving the cost and efforts of the workers. In Oman, the telecommunication industry largely uses the outsourcing service which is provided by the third party. The third party is responsible for providing outsourcing to the telecommunication companies. This research gives an overall view of the outsourcing in the telecommunication companies of Oman. The IT companies of Oman give their work to the outsourcing services as this will help in reducing the cost the project. Rather employing the experts to do the projects, the organization can easily give their products to the outsourcing services in which they complete the work for a cheaper rate for the telecommunication company of Oman. It will help in reducing the work load on the staffs and management of the telecommunication companies in Oman. The IT outsourcing in Oman is very common because some of the staff are not well experienced to do the IT work. The outsourcing has positive as well as negative impact on the telecommunication industry in Oman. The research has been done while considering ethical aspect in an effective and efficient manner. Furthermore, the literature is adequately reviewed so that views of various specialists can be considered for future guidance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20outsourcing" title="IT outsourcing">IT outsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=client%20company" title=" client company"> client company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=services%20company" title=" services company"> services company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79974/exploratory-research-on-outsourcing-practices-and-benefits-on-telecommunication-industry-in-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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