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Chapter 2. What's new in Debian 12
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Installation System" /><meta xmlns="" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><style xmlns="" type="text/css"> body { background-repeat: no-repeat; background-image: none; } </style></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 2. What's new in Debian 12</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-about.en.html"><img src="images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch-installing.en.html"><img src="images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="ch-whats-new"></a>Chapter 2. What's new in Debian 12</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-whats-new.en.html#idm120">2.1. Supported architectures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-whats-new.en.html#archive-areas">2.2. Archive areas</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-whats-new.en.html#newdistro">2.3. What's new in the distribution?</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-whats-new.en.html#major-packages">2.3.1. Desktops and well known packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-whats-new.en.html#man-xx">2.3.2. More translated man pages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-whats-new.en.html#idm395">2.3.3. News from Debian Med Blend</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-whats-new.en.html#idm408">2.3.4. News from Debian Astro Blend</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> The <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.debian.org/NewInBookworm" target="_top">Wiki</a> has more information about this topic. </p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="idm120"></a>2.1. Supported architectures</h2></div></div></div><p> The following are the officially supported architectures for Debian 12: </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> 32-bit PC (<code class="literal">i386</code>) and 64-bit PC (<code class="literal">amd64</code>) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 64-bit ARM (<code class="literal">arm64</code>) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> ARM EABI (<code class="literal">armel</code>) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, <code class="literal">armhf</code>) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> little-endian MIPS (<code class="literal">mipsel</code>) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 64-bit little-endian MIPS (<code class="literal">mips64el</code>) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 64-bit little-endian PowerPC (<code class="literal">ppc64el</code>) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> IBM System z (<code class="literal">s390x</code>) </p></li></ul></div><p> You can read more about port status, and port-specific information for your architecture at the <a class="ulink" href="https://www.debian.org/ports/" target="_top">Debian port web pages</a>. </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="archive-areas"></a>2.2. Archive areas</h2></div></div></div><p> The following archive areas, mentioned in the Social Contract and in the Debian Policy, have been around for a long time: </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> main: the Debian distribution; </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> contrib: supplemental packages intended to work with the Debian distribution, but which require software outside of the distribution to either build or function; </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> non-free: supplemental packages intended to work with the Debian distribution that do not comply with the DFSG or have other problems that make their distribution problematic. </p></li></ul></div><p> Following the <a class="ulink" href="https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/vote_003" target="_top">2022 General Resolution about non-free firmware</a>, the 5th point of the Social Contract was extended with the following sentence: </p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> The Debian official media may include firmware that is otherwise not part of the Debian system to enable use of Debian with hardware that requires such firmware. </p></blockquote></div><p> While it's not mentioned explicitly in either the Social Contract or Debian Policy yet, a new archive area was introduced, making it possible to separate non-free firmware from the other non-free packages: </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> non-free-firmware </p></li></ul></div><p> Most non-free firmware packages have been moved from <code class="literal">non-free</code> to <code class="literal">non-free-firmware</code> in preparation for the Debian 12 release. This clean separation makes it possible to build official installation images with packages from <code class="literal">main</code> and from <code class="literal">non-free-firmware</code>, without <code class="literal">contrib</code> or <code class="literal">non-free</code>. In turn, these installation images make it possible to install systems with only <code class="literal">main</code> and <code class="literal">non-free-firmware</code>, without <code class="literal">contrib</code> or <code class="literal">non-free</code>. </p><p> See <a class="xref" href="ch-upgrading.en.html#non-free-firmware" title="4.2.8. The non-free and non-free-firmware components">Section 4.2.8, “The non-free and non-free-firmware components”</a> for upgrades from bullseye. </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="newdistro"></a>2.3. What's new in the distribution?</h2></div></div></div><p> This new release of Debian again comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bullseye; the distribution includes over 11089 new packages, for a total of over 64419 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 43254 software packages (this is 67% of all packages in bullseye). Also, a significant number of packages (over 6296, 10% of the packages in bullseye) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as "obsolete" in package management front-ends; see <a class="xref" href="ch-upgrading.en.html#obsolete" title="4.8. Obsolete packages">Section 4.8, “Obsolete packages”</a>. </p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="major-packages"></a>2.3.1. Desktops and well known packages</h3></div></div></div><p> Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME<a id="idm189" class="indexterm"></a> 43, KDE Plasma<a id="idm191" class="indexterm"></a> 5.27, LXDE<a id="idm193" class="indexterm"></a> 11, LXQt<a id="idm195" class="indexterm"></a> 1.2.0, MATE<a id="idm197" class="indexterm"></a> 1.26, and Xfce<a id="idm199" class="indexterm"></a> 4.18. </p><p> Productivity applications have also been upgraded, including the office suites: </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> LibreOffice<a id="idm205" class="indexterm"></a> is upgraded to version 7.4; </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> GNUcash<a id="idm209" class="indexterm"></a> is upgraded to 4.13; </p></li></ul></div><p> Among many others, this release also includes the following software updates: </p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="justify" /><col align="justify" /><col align="justify" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="justify">Package</th><th align="justify">Version in 11 (bullseye)</th><th align="justify">Version in 12 (bookworm)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-apache2"></a>Apache<a id="idm225" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">2.4.54</td><td align="justify">2.4.57</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-bash"></a>Bash<a id="idm231" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">5.1</td><td align="justify">5.2.15</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-bind9"></a>BIND<a id="idm237" class="indexterm"></a> <acronym title="Domain Name System">DNS</acronym> Server</td><td align="justify">9.16</td><td align="justify">9.18</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-cryptsetup"></a>Cryptsetup<a id="idm244" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">2.3</td><td align="justify">2.6</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-emacs"></a>Emacs</td><td align="justify">27.1</td><td align="justify">28.2</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-exim4"></a>Exim<a id="idm254" class="indexterm"></a> default e-mail server</td><td align="justify">4.94</td><td align="justify">4.96</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-gcc"></a><acronym title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</acronym> Compiler Collection as default compiler<a id="idm261" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">10.2</td><td align="justify">12.2</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-gimp"></a><acronym title="GNU Image Manipulation Program">GIMP</acronym><a id="idm268" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">2.10.22</td><td align="justify">2.10.34</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-gnupg"></a>GnuPG<a id="idm274" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">2.2.27</td><td align="justify">2.2.40</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-inkscape"></a>Inkscape<a id="idm280" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">1.0.2</td><td align="justify">1.2.2</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-libc6"></a>the <acronym title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</acronym> C library</td><td align="justify">2.31</td><td align="justify">2.36</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-linux-image"></a>Linux kernel image</td><td align="justify">5.10 series</td><td align="justify">6.1 series</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="llvm-toolchain"></a>LLVM/Clang toolchain</td><td align="justify">9.0.1 and 11.0.1 (default) and 13.0.1</td><td align="justify">13.0.1 and 14.0 (default) and 15.0.6</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-mariadb"></a>MariaDB<a id="idm299" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">10.5</td><td align="justify">10.11</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-nginx"></a>Nginx<a id="idm305" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">1.18</td><td align="justify">1.22</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-openjdk"></a>OpenJDK<a id="idm311" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">11</td><td align="justify">17</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-openldap"></a>OpenLDAP</td><td align="justify">2.4.57</td><td align="justify">2.5.13</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-openssh"></a>OpenSSH<a id="idm321" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">8.4p1</td><td align="justify">9.2p1</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-openssl"></a>OpenSSL<a id="idm327" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">1.1.1n</td><td align="justify">3.0.8</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-perl"></a>Perl<a id="idm333" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">5.32</td><td align="justify">5.36</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-php"></a><acronym title="PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor">PHP</acronym><a id="idm340" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">7.4</td><td align="justify">8.2</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-postfix"></a>Postfix<a id="idm346" class="indexterm"></a> <acronym title="Mail Transport Agent">MTA</acronym></td><td align="justify">3.5</td><td align="justify">3.7</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-postgresql"></a>PostgreSQL<a id="idm353" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">13</td><td align="justify">15</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-python3"></a>Python 3</td><td align="justify">3.9.2</td><td align="justify">3.11.2</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-rustc"></a>Rustc</td><td align="justify">1.48</td><td align="justify">1.63</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-samba"></a>Samba</td><td align="justify">4.13</td><td align="justify">4.17</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-systemd"></a>Systemd<a id="idm371" class="indexterm"></a></td><td align="justify">247</td><td align="justify">252</td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><a id="new-vim"></a>Vim</td><td align="justify">8.2</td><td align="justify">9.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="man-xx"></a>2.3.2. More translated man pages</h3></div></div></div><p> Thanks to our translators, more documentation in <span class="command"><strong>man</strong></span>-page format is available in more languages than ever. For example, many man pages are now available in Czech, Danish, Greek, Finnish, Indonesian, Macedonian, Norwegian (Bokmål), Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Ukrainian and Vietnamese, and all <code class="systemitem">systemd</code><a id="idm384" class="indexterm"></a> man pages are now available in German. </p><p> To ensure the <span class="command"><strong>man</strong></span> command shows the documentation in your language (where possible), install the right <code class="systemitem">manpages-<em class="replaceable"><code>lang</code></em></code><a id="idm391" class="indexterm"></a> package and make sure your locale is correctly configured by using </p><pre class="programlisting">dpkg-reconfigure locales</pre><p>. </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm395"></a>2.3.3. News from Debian Med Blend</h3></div></div></div><p> As in every release new packages have been added in the fields of medicine and life sciences. The new package <code class="systemitem">shiny-server</code><a id="idm399" class="indexterm"></a> might be worth a particular mention, since it simplifies scientific web applications using <code class="literal">R</code>. We also kept up the effort to provide Continuous Integration support for the packages maintained by the Debian Med team. </p><p> The Debian Med team is always interested in feedback from users, especially in the form of requests for packaging of not-yet-packaged free software, or for backports from new packages or higher versions in testing. </p><p> To install packages maintained by the Debian Med team, install the metapackages named <code class="literal">med-<em class="replaceable"><code>*</code></em></code>, which are at version 3.8.x for Debian bookworm. Feel free to visit the <a class="ulink" href="https://blends.debian.org/med/tasks" target="_top">Debian Med tasks pages</a> to see the full range of biological and medical software available in Debian. </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm408"></a>2.3.4. News from Debian Astro Blend</h3></div></div></div><p> Debian bookworm comes with version 4.0 of the Debian Astro Pure Blend, which continues to represent a great one-stop solution for professional astronomers, enthusiasts and everyone who is interested in astronomy. Almost all packages in Debian Astro were updated to new versions, but there are also several new software packages. </p><p> For radio astronomers, the open source correlator <code class="systemitem">openvlbi</code><a id="idm413" class="indexterm"></a> is now included. The new packages <code class="systemitem">astap</code><a id="idm417" class="indexterm"></a> and <code class="systemitem">planetary-system-stacker</code><a id="idm421" class="indexterm"></a> are useful for image stacking and astrometry resolution. A large number of new drivers and libraries supporting the INDI protocol were packaged and are now shipped with Debian. </p><p> The new Astropy affiliated packages <code class="systemitem">python3-extinction</code><a id="idm426" class="indexterm"></a>, <code class="systemitem">python3-sncosmo</code><a id="idm430" class="indexterm"></a>, <code class="systemitem">python3-specreduce</code><a id="idm434" class="indexterm"></a>, and <code class="systemitem">python3-synphot</code><a id="idm438" class="indexterm"></a> are included, as well as packages created around <code class="systemitem">python3-yt</code><a id="idm442" class="indexterm"></a> and <code class="systemitem">python3-sunpy</code><a id="idm446" class="indexterm"></a>. Python support for the ASDF file format is much extended, while the Java ecosystem is extended with libraries handling the ECSV and TFCAT file formats, primarily for use with <code class="systemitem">topcat</code><a id="idm450" class="indexterm"></a>. </p><p> Check <a class="ulink" href="https://blends.debian.org/astro" target="_top"> the Astro Blend page</a> for a complete list and further information. </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-about.en.html"><img src="images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch-installing.en.html"><img src="images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 1. 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