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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identification_and_addressing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification_and_addressing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Identification and addressing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification_and_addressing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_parallel_SCSI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_parallel_SCSI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparison with parallel SCSI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_parallel_SCSI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_SATA" class="vector-toc-list-item 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href="#Technical_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Technical details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Topology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SAS_expanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAS_expanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>SAS expanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAS_expanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Connectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nearline_SAS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nearline_SAS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nearline SAS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nearline_SAS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Serial Attached SCSI</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9" title="واجهة النظام الحاسوبي الصغير الملحقة المتسلسلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واجهة النظام الحاسوبي الصغير الملحقة المتسلسلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%BC_%EB%B6%80%EC%B0%A9_SCSI" title="시리얼 부착 SCSI – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시리얼 부착 SCSI" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAS_(tietotekniikka)" title="SAS (tietotekniikka) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SAS (tietotekniikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Serial Attached SCSI" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%97SCSI" title="串列SCSI – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="串列SCSI" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Point-to-point serial protocol for enterprise storage</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Special:EditPage/Serial Attached SCSI">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Serial+Attached+SCSI%22">"Serial Attached SCSI"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Serial+Attached+SCSI%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Serial+Attached+SCSI%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Serial+Attached+SCSI%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Serial+Attached+SCSI%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Serial+Attached+SCSI%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">SAS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Serial Attached SCSI</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8484-internal-connector-0a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four red cables lead into a wide black electrical connector" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SFF-8484-internal-connector-0a.jpg/220px-SFF-8484-internal-connector-0a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SFF-8484-internal-connector-0a.jpg/330px-SFF-8484-internal-connector-0a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SFF-8484-internal-connector-0a.jpg/440px-SFF-8484-internal-connector-0a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">SAS connector</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width in bits</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of devices</th><td class="infobox-data">65,535</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Speed</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>SAS-1: Full-duplex<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3 Gbit/s (2004)</li><li>SAS-2: Full-duplex 6 Gbit/s (2009)</li><li>SAS-3: Full-duplex 12 Gbit/s (2013)</li><li>SAS-4: Full-duplex 22.5 Gbit/s (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-24G-scsita_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24G-scsita-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serial_communication" title="Serial communication">Serial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hotplugging interface</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, <b>Serial Attached SCSI</b> (<b>SAS</b>) is a point-to-point serial <a href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">protocol</a> that moves data to and from <a href="/wiki/Computer_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer storage">computer-storage</a> devices such as <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tape_drive" title="Tape drive">tape drives</a>. SAS replaces the older <a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a> (Parallel Small Computer System Interface, usually pronounced "scuzzy" <sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonThompson2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonThompson2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCR1990_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCR1990-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) bus technology that first appeared in the mid-1980s. SAS, like its predecessor, uses the standard <a href="/wiki/SCSI_command" title="SCSI command">SCSI command set</a>. SAS offers optional compatibility with <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">Serial ATA</a> (SATA), versions 2 and later. This allows the connection of SATA drives to most SAS <a href="/wiki/Backplane" title="Backplane">backplanes</a> or controllers. The reverse, connecting SAS drives to SATA backplanes, is not possible.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The T10 technical committee of the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards" title="International Committee for Information Technology Standards">International Committee for Information Technology Standards</a> (INCITS) develops and maintains the SAS protocol; the <a href="/wiki/SCSI_Trade_Association" title="SCSI Trade Association">SCSI Trade Association</a> (SCSITA) promotes the technology. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG/370px-HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG" decoding="async" width="370" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG/555px-HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG/740px-HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Storage servers housing 24 SAS hard disk drives per server</figcaption></figure> <p>A typical Serial Attached SCSI system consists of the following basic components: </p> <ol><li>An <i>initiator</i>: a device that originates device-service and <a href="/wiki/Task_Management_Function" class="mw-redirect" title="Task Management Function">task-management</a> requests for processing by a target device and receives responses for the same requests from other target devices. Initiators may be provided as an on-board component on the motherboard (as is the case with many server-oriented motherboards) or as an add-on <a href="/wiki/Host_bus_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Host bus adapter">host bus adapter</a>.</li> <li>A <i>target</i>: a device containing logical units and target ports that receives device service and task management requests for processing and sends responses for the same requests to initiator devices. A target device could be a hard disk drive or a <a href="/wiki/Disk_array" title="Disk array">disk array</a> system.</li> <li>A <i>service delivery subsystem</i>: the part of an <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">I/O</a> system that transmits information between an initiator and a target. Typically cables connecting an initiator and target with or without expanders and backplanes constitute a service delivery subsystem.</li> <li><i>Expanders</i>: devices that form part of a service delivery subsystem and facilitate communication between SAS devices. Expanders facilitate the connection of multiple SAS End devices to a single initiator port.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>SAS-1: 3.0 Gbit/s, introduced in 2004<sup id="cite_ref-roadmap_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roadmap-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SAS-2: 6.0 Gbit/s, available since February 2009</li> <li>SAS-3: 12.0 Gbit/s, available since March 2013</li> <li>SAS-4: 22.5 Gbit/s called "24G",<sup id="cite_ref-SAS4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAS4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standard completed in 2017<sup id="cite_ref-roadmap_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roadmap-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24G-scsita_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24G-scsita-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SAS-5: 45 Gbit/s development started 2018<sup id="cite_ref-sas-5r1a_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sas-5r1a-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identification_and_addressing">Identification and addressing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Identification and addressing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>SAS Domain</i> is the SAS version of a SCSI domain—it consists of a set of SAS devices that communicate with one another by means of a service delivery subsystem. Each SAS port in a SAS domain has a SCSI port identifier that identifies the port uniquely within the SAS domain, the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Name" title="World Wide Name">World Wide Name</a>. It is assigned by the device manufacturer, like an <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> device's <a href="/wiki/MAC_address" title="MAC address">MAC address</a>, and is typically worldwide unique as well. SAS devices use these port identifiers to address communications to each other. </p><p>In addition, every SAS device has a SCSI device name, which identifies the SAS device uniquely in the world. One does not often see these device names because the port identifiers tend to identify the device sufficiently. </p><p>For comparison, in parallel SCSI, the SCSI ID is the port identifier and device name. In <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a>, the port identifier is a WWPN and the device name is a WWNN. </p><p>In SAS, both SCSI port identifiers and SCSI device names take the form of a <i>SAS address</i>, which is a 64 bit value, normally in the NAA IEEE Registered format. People sometimes refer to a SCSI port identifier as <i>the</i> SAS address of a device, out of confusion. People sometimes call a SAS address a World Wide Name or WWN, because it is essentially the same thing as a WWN in Fibre Channel. For a SAS expander device, the SCSI port identifier and SCSI device name are the same SAS address. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_parallel_SCSI"><span class="anchor" id="DUAL-DOMAIN"></span>Comparison with parallel SCSI</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comparison with parallel SCSI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Special:EditPage/Serial Attached SCSI">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The SAS "bus" operates <a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_(network_topology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Point-to-point (network topology)">point-to-point</a> while the SCSI bus is <a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">multidrop</a>. Each SAS device is connected by a dedicated link to the initiator, unless an expander is used. If one initiator is connected to one target, there is no opportunity for <a href="/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">contention</a>; with parallel SCSI, even this situation could cause contention.</li> <li>SAS has no <a href="/wiki/Electrical_termination" title="Electrical termination">termination</a> issues and does not require terminator packs like parallel SCSI.</li> <li>SAS eliminates <a href="/wiki/Clock_skew" title="Clock skew">clock skew</a>.</li> <li>SAS allows up to 65,535 devices through the use of expanders, while Parallel SCSI has a limit of 8 or 16 devices on a single channel.</li> <li>SAS allows a higher transfer speed (SAS-1, SAS-2, SAS-3, and SAS-4 supports data bandwidth of 3, 6, 12, and 24 Gbits/sec, respectively)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> than most parallel SCSI standards. SAS achieves these speeds on each initiator-target connection, hence getting higher throughput, whereas parallel SCSI shares the speed across the entire multidrop bus.</li> <li>SAS devices feature dual ports, allowing for redundant backplanes or <a href="/wiki/Multipath_I/O" title="Multipath I/O">multipath I/O</a>; this feature is usually referred to as the <i>dual-domain SAS</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SAS controllers may connect to SATA devices, either directly connected using native SATA protocol or through SAS expanders using Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol (STP).</li> <li>Both SAS and parallel SCSI use the <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> command set.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_SATA"><span class="anchor" id="VS-SATA"></span>Comparison with SATA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comparison with SATA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is little physical difference between SAS and SATA.<sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>SAS protocol provides for multiple initiators in a SAS domain, while SATA has no analogous provision.<sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Most SAS drives provide <a href="/wiki/Tagged_command_queuing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagged command queuing">tagged command queuing</a>, while most newer SATA drives provide <a href="/wiki/Native_command_queuing" class="mw-redirect" title="Native command queuing">native command queuing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SATA uses a command set that is based on the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">parallel ATA</a> command set and then extended beyond that set to include features like native command queuing, hot-plugging, and TRIM. SAS uses the SCSI command set, which includes a wider range of features like error recovery, reservations and block reclamation. Basic ATA has commands only for direct-access storage. However SCSI commands may be tunneled through <a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA#ATAPI" title="Parallel ATA">ATAPI</a><sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for devices such as <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD</a>/DVD drives.</li> <li>SAS hardware allows <a href="/wiki/Multipath_I/O" title="Multipath I/O">multipath I/O</a> to devices while SATA (prior to <a href="/wiki/SATA_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA 2.0">SATA 2.0</a>) does not.<sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per specification, SATA 2.0 makes use of port multipliers to achieve port expansion, and some port multiplier manufacturers have implemented multipath I/O using port multiplier hardware.</li> <li>SATA is marketed as a general-purpose successor to parallel ATA and has become<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> common in the consumer market, whereas the more-expensive<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="claim requires source (January 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> SAS targets critical server applications.</li> <li>SAS error-recovery and error-reporting uses SCSI commands, which have more functionality than the ATA <a href="/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology" title="Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology">SMART</a> commands used by SATA drives.<sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SAS uses higher signaling voltages (800–1,600 mV for transmit, and 275–1,600 mV for receive<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) than SATA (400–600 mV for transmit, and 325–600 mV for receive<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>). The higher voltage offers (among other features) the ability to use SAS in server backplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Because of its higher signaling voltages, SAS can use cables up to 10 m (33 ft) long, whereas SATA has a cable-length limit of 1 m (3.3 ft) or 2 m (6.6 ft) for <a href="/wiki/ESATA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESATA">eSATA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-steadfast_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadfast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SAS is <a href="/wiki/Full_duplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Full duplex">full duplex</a>, whereas SATA is <a href="/wiki/Half_duplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Half duplex">half duplex</a>. The SAS transport layer can transmit data at the full speed of the link in both directions at once, so a SCSI command executing over the link can transfer data to and from the device simultaneously. However, because SCSI commands that can do that are rare, and a SAS link must be dedicated to an individual command at a time, this is generally not an advantage with a single device.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Serial Attached SCSI standard defines several <a href="/wiki/OSI_layers" class="mw-redirect" title="OSI layers">layers</a> (in order from highest to lowest): application, transport, port, link, PHY and physical. Serial Attached SCSI comprises three transport protocols: </p> <ul><li>Serial SCSI Protocol (SSP) –  for command-level communication with SCSI devices.</li> <li>Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol (STP) –  for command-level communication with SATA devices.</li> <li>Serial Management Protocol (SMP) –  for managing the SAS fabric.</li></ul> <p>For the Link and <a href="/wiki/PHY" class="mw-redirect" title="PHY">PHY</a> layers, SAS defines its own unique protocol. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layer</a>, the SAS standard defines connectors and voltage levels. The physical characteristics of the SAS wiring and signaling are compatible with and have loosely tracked that of SATA up to the 6 Gbit/s rate, although SAS defines more rigorous physical signaling specifications as well as a wider allowable differential voltage swing intended to allow longer cabling. While SAS-1.0 and SAS-1.1 adopted the physical signaling characteristics of SATA at the 3 Gbit/s rate with <a href="/wiki/8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b encoding</a>, SAS-2.0 development of a 6 Gbit/s physical rate led the development of an equivalent SATA speed. In 2013, 12 Gbit/s followed in the SAS-3 specification.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAS-4 is slated to introduce 22.5 Gbit/s signaling with a more efficient 128b/150b encoding scheme to realize a usable data rate of 2,400 MB/s while retaining compatibility with 6 and 12 Gbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, <a href="/wiki/SCSI_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="SCSI Express">SCSI Express</a> takes advantage of the <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> infrastructure to directly connect SCSI devices over a more universal interface.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_architecture_of_SAS_layers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/The_architecture_of_SAS_layers.svg/420px-The_architecture_of_SAS_layers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/The_architecture_of_SAS_layers.svg/630px-The_architecture_of_SAS_layers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/The_architecture_of_SAS_layers.svg/840px-The_architecture_of_SAS_layers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>The architecture of SAS layers</figcaption></figure> <p>SAS architecture consists of six layers: </p> <ul><li>Physical layer: <ul><li>defines electrical and physical characteristics</li> <li>differential signaling transmission</li> <li>Multiple connector types: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form_Factor_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Form Factor committee">SFF</a>-8482 – <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">SATA</a> compatible</li> <li>Internal four-lane connectors: SFF-8484, SFF-8087, SFF-8643</li> <li>External four-lane connectors: SFF-8470, SFF-8088, SFF-8644</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>PHY Layer: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b data encoding</a> (3, 6, and 12 Gbit/s)</li> <li>128b/150b SPL packet encoding (22.5 Gbit/s)<sup id="cite_ref-SPL4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPL4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2 bit header, 128 bit payload, 20 bit <a href="/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">Reed-Solomon</a> <a href="/wiki/Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">forward error correction</a>)</li> <li>Link initialization, speed negotiation and reset sequences</li> <li>Link capabilities negotiation (SAS-2 onwards)</li></ul></li> <li>Link layer: <ul><li>Insertion and deletion of primitives for clock-speed disparity matching</li> <li>Primitive encoding</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambler" title="Scrambler">Data scrambling</a> for reduced <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference" title="Electromagnetic interference">EMI</a></li> <li>Establish and tear down native connections between SAS targets and initiators</li> <li>Establish and tear down tunneled connections between SAS initiators and SATA targets connected to SAS expanders</li> <li>Power management (proposed for SAS-2.1)</li></ul></li> <li>Port layer: <ul><li>Combining multiple PHYs with the same addresses into wide ports</li></ul></li> <li>Transport layer: <ul><li>Contains three transport protocols: <ul><li>Serial SCSI Protocol (SSP): for command-level communication with SCSI devices</li> <li>Serial ATA Tunneled Protocol (STP): for command-level communication with SATA devices</li> <li>Serial Management Protocol (SMP): for managing the SAS fabric</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Application layer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topology">Topology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Topology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/SCSI_initiator" class="mw-redirect" title="SCSI initiator">initiator</a> may connect directly to a <a href="/wiki/SCSI_target" class="mw-redirect" title="SCSI target">target</a> via one or more <a href="/wiki/PHY" class="mw-redirect" title="PHY">PHYs</a> (such a connection is called a port whether it uses one or more PHYs, although the term <i>wide port</i> is sometimes used for a multi-PHY connection). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SAS_expanders">SAS expanders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: SAS expanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The components known as <i>Serial Attached SCSI Expanders</i> (SAS Expanders) facilitate communication between large numbers of SAS devices. Expanders contain two or more external expander-ports. Each expander device contains at least one SAS Management Protocol target port for management and may contain SAS devices itself. For example, an expander may include a Serial SCSI Protocol target port for access to a peripheral device. An expander is <i>not necessary</i> to interface a SAS initiator and target but allows a single initiator to communicate with more SAS/SATA targets. A useful analogy: one can regard an expander as akin to a <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switch</a> in a network, which connects multiple systems using a single switch port. </p><p>SAS 1 defined two types of expander; however, the SAS-2.0 standard has dropped the distinction between the two, as it created unnecessary topological limitations with no realized benefit: </p> <ul><li>An <i>edge expander</i> allows for communication with up to 255 SAS addresses, allowing the SAS initiator to communicate with these additional devices. Edge expanders can do direct table routing and subtractive routing. (For a brief discussion of these routing mechanisms, see below). Without a fanout expander, you can use at most two edge expanders in a delivery subsystem (because you connect the subtractive routing port of those edge expanders together, and you can not connect any more expanders). Fanout expanders solve this bottleneck.</li> <li>A <i>fanout expander</i> can connect up to 255 sets of edge expanders, known as an <i>edge expander device set</i>, letting even more SAS devices be addressed. The subtractive routing port of each edge expanders connects to the phys of fanout expander. A fanout expander cannot do subtractive routing, it can only forward subtractive routing requests to the connected edge expanders.</li></ul> <p>Direct routing allows a device to identify devices directly connected to it. Table routing identifies devices connected to the expanders connected to a device's own PHY. Subtractive routing is used when you are not able to find the devices in the sub-branch you belong to. This passes the request to a different branch altogether. </p><p>Expanders exist to allow more complex interconnect topologies. Expanders assist in link-switching (as opposed to packet-switching) end-devices (initiators or targets). They may locate an end-device either directly (when the end-device is connected to it), via a routing table (a mapping of end-device IDs and the expander the link should be switched to downstream to route towards that ID), or when those methods fail, via subtractive routing: the link is routed to a single expander connected to a subtractive routing port. If there is no expander connected to a subtractive port, the end-device cannot be reached. </p><p>Expanders with no PHYs configured as subtractive act as fanout expanders and can connect to any number of other expanders. Expanders with subtractive PHYs may only connect to two other expanders at a maximum, and in that case they must connect to one expander via a subtractive port and the other via a non-subtractive port. </p><p>SAS-1.1 topologies built with expanders generally contain one root node in a SAS domain with the one exception case being topologies that contain two expanders connected via a subtractive-to-subtractive port. If it exists, the root node is the expander, which is not connected to another expander via a subtractive port. Therefore, if a fanout expander exists in the configuration, it must be the domain's root node. The root node contains routes for all end devices connected to the domain. Note that with the advent in SAS-2.0 of table-to-table routing and new rules for end-to-end zoning, more complex topologies built upon SAS-2.0 rules do not contain a single root node. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connectors">Connectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Connectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SAS connectors are much smaller than traditional parallel <a href="/wiki/SCSI_connector" title="SCSI connector">SCSI connectors</a>. Commonly, SAS-3 provides for point data transfer speeds up to 12 Gbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, SAS-4 is available with up to 24 Gbps; with SAS-5 under development, according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.t10.org/members/w_sas5.htm">T10</a>. </p><p>The physical SAS connector comes in several different variants:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code-<br />name<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>other names </th> <th>external/<br />internal </th> <th>Pins </th> <th>No of devices<br />/ lanes </th> <th>Comment </th> <th>Image </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8086 </td> <td>Internal mini-SAS,<br />internal mSAS </td> <td>internal </td> <td>26 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span class="anchor" id="SFF-8086"></span>This is a less common implementation of internal mSAS than SFF-8087's 36-circuit version.<br />The fewer positions is enabled by it not supporting sidebands. </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF_8086.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SFF_8086.jpg/200px-SFF_8086.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SFF_8086.jpg/300px-SFF_8086.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SFF_8086.jpg/400px-SFF_8086.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8087<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Internal mini-SAS,<br />internal mSAS,<br />internal iSAS,<br />internal iPass </td> <td>internal </td> <td>36 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span class="anchor" id="SFF-8087"></span>Unshielded 36-circuit implementation of SFF-8086.<br /><a href="/wiki/Molex_connector" title="Molex connector">Molex</a> iPass reduced width internal 4× connector; 12 Gbit/s capability. </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8087_SMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SFF-8087_SMC.jpg/200px-SFF-8087_SMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SFF-8087_SMC.jpg/300px-SFF-8087_SMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SFF-8087_SMC.jpg/400px-SFF-8087_SMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1630" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8088<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>External mini-SAS,<br />external mSAS,<br />external iSAS,<br />external iPass </td> <td>external </td> <td>26 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Shielded 26-circuit implementation of SFF-8086.<br /><a href="/wiki/Molex_connector" title="Molex connector">Molex</a> iPass reduced width external 4× connector; 12 Gbit/s capability. </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF_8088.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SFF_8088.jpg/200px-SFF_8088.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SFF_8088.jpg/300px-SFF_8088.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SFF_8088.jpg/400px-SFF_8088.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SFF-8431<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SFP%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="SFP+">SFP+</a> </td> <td>external </td> <td>20 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8436<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/QSFP%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="QSFP+">QSFP+</a>,<br />Quad SFP+ </td> <td>external </td> <td>38 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Commonly used with many <a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a> storage systems.<br />Often seen with SFF-8088 or SFF-8644 on the other end; 6 Gbit/s capability. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8470<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a> CX4<br />connector,<br />Molex LaneLink </td> <td>external </td> <td>34 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>High-density external connector (also used as an internal connector). </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF_8470.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SFF_8470.jpg/200px-SFF_8470.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SFF_8470.jpg/300px-SFF_8470.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SFF_8470.jpg/400px-SFF_8470.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8482<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>internal </td> <td>29 </td> <td>2 lanes </td> <td><span class="anchor" id="SFF-8482"></span>This form factor is designed for compatibility with SATA but can drive a SAS device.<br />A SAS controller can control SATA drives, but a SATA controller cannot control SAS drives. Lower pins (S1-S7, P1-P11) defined as in SATA. Upper pins S8-S14 provide additional lane of data. <p>The most common connection<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for SAS drives connecting to backplanes in servers, i.e. PowerEdge<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ProLiant<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8482_SAS_Plug_-_Bokeh_at_f22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/SFF-8482_SAS_Plug_-_Bokeh_at_f22.jpg/200px-SFF-8482_SAS_Plug_-_Bokeh_at_f22.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/SFF-8482_SAS_Plug_-_Bokeh_at_f22.jpg/300px-SFF-8482_SAS_Plug_-_Bokeh_at_f22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/SFF-8482_SAS_Plug_-_Bokeh_at_f22.jpg/400px-SFF-8482_SAS_Plug_-_Bokeh_at_f22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5356" data-file-height="3013" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8484<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>internal </td> <td>32 or<br />19 </td> <td>4 or 2 </td> <td>High-density internal connector, 2 and 4 lane versions are defined by the SFF standard. </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8484_straight_connector.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SFF-8484_straight_connector.jpg/200px-SFF-8484_straight_connector.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SFF-8484_straight_connector.jpg/300px-SFF-8484_straight_connector.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SFF-8484_straight_connector.jpg/400px-SFF-8484_straight_connector.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="890" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/SFF-8485" class="mw-redirect" title="SFF-8485">SFF-8485</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Defines <a href="/wiki/SGPIO" title="SGPIO">SGPIO</a> (extension of SFF 8484),<br />a serial link protocol used usually for LED indicators. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8613<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(SFF-8643<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td> <td>Mini-SAS HD,<br />U.2 </td> <td>internal </td> <td>36 </td> <td>4 or 8 with<br />dual connector (single connector pictured) </td> <td>Mini-SAS HD (introduced with SAS 12 Gbit/s) <p>Also known as a U.2 port<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with SFF-8639. </p> </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8643_SMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SFF-8643_SMC.jpg/200px-SFF-8643_SMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SFF-8643_SMC.jpg/300px-SFF-8643_SMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SFF-8643_SMC.jpg/400px-SFF-8643_SMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8614<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(SFF-8644<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td> <td>external Mini-SAS HD </td> <td>external </td> <td> </td> <td>4 or 8 with<br />dual connector (single connector pictured) </td> <td>Mini-SAS HD (introduced with SAS 12 Gbit/s) </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8644_cable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SFF-8644_cable.jpg/200px-SFF-8644_cable.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SFF-8644_cable.jpg/300px-SFF-8644_cable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SFF-8644_cable.jpg/400px-SFF-8644_cable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1735" data-file-height="1137" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>Sideband<br />connector </td> <td> </td> <td>internal </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Often seen with 1× SFF-8643 or 1× SFF-8087 on the other end –<br />internal <a href="/wiki/Fan-out" title="Fan-out">fan-out</a> for 4× SATA drives.<br />Connects the controller to drives without backplane or<br />to the (SATA) backplane and optionally, to the status LEDs. </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sideband.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sideband.jpg/200px-Sideband.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sideband.jpg/300px-Sideband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sideband.jpg/400px-Sideband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8680<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>internal </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1</li><li>(2 ports)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>SAS 12 Gbit/s backplane connector;</li><li>same pinout as SFF-8482, but with electrical requirements for 12 Gbit/s;</li><li>SFF-8678 is analogously defined for 6 Gbit/s.</li></ul></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8639<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>U.2<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>internal </td> <td>68 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1</li><li>(2 ports)</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>SAS 12 Gbit/s backplane connector;</li><li>downward-compatible with SFF-8680.</li></ul></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8639.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SFF-8639.jpg/200px-SFF-8639.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SFF-8639.jpg/300px-SFF-8639.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SFF-8639.jpg/400px-SFF-8639.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="939" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF-8639_connector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/SFF-8639_connector.svg/200px-SFF-8639_connector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/SFF-8639_connector.svg/300px-SFF-8639_connector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/SFF-8639_connector.svg/400px-SFF-8639_connector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="114" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8638<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Four 1x ports at up to 24 Gb/s each;</li><li>two 2x ports at up to 48 Gb/s each;</li><li>one 4x port at up to 96 Gb/s.</li></ul></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8640<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Four 1x ports at up to 24 Gb/s each;</li><li>two 2x ports at up to 48 Gb/s each;</li><li>one 4x port at up to 96 Gb/s.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <td>SFF-8681<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Two 1x ports at up to 24 Gb/s each;</li><li>one 2x ports at up to 48 Gb/s each.</li></ul></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SFF-8654<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>SlimSAS<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>internal </td> <td>4X: 38 <p>8X: 74 </p> </td> <td> </td> <td>4X and 8X SAS-4 plug and receptacle </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slimsas-x8-male-connector.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Slimsas-x8-male-connector.jpg/200px-Slimsas-x8-male-connector.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Slimsas-x8-male-connector.jpg/300px-Slimsas-x8-male-connector.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Slimsas-x8-male-connector.jpg/400px-Slimsas-x8-male-connector.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4506" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nearline_SAS"><span class="anchor" id="NL-SAS"></span>Nearline SAS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nearline SAS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nearline_storage" title="Nearline storage">Nearline</a> SAS</i> (abbreviated to <i>NL-SAS</i>, and sometimes called <i>midline SAS</i>) drives have a SAS interface, but head, media, and rotational speed of traditional enterprise-class SATA drives, so they cost less than other SAS drives. When compared to SATA, NL-SAS drives have the following benefits:<sup id="cite_ref-snia-deltas_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-deltas-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dual ports allowing redundant paths</li> <li>Ability to connect a device to multiple computers</li> <li>Full SCSI command set</li> <li>No need for using <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_Tunneling_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol">Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol</a> (STP), which is necessary for SATA HDDs to be connected to a SAS <a href="/wiki/Host_adapter" title="Host adapter">HBA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-deltas_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-deltas-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup></li> <li>No need for SATA <a href="/wiki/Interposer" title="Interposer">interposer</a> cards, which are needed for pseudo–dual-port high availability of SATA HDDs.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-deltas_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-deltas-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup></li> <li>Larger depth of command queues</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_device_bandwidths" class="mw-redirect" title="List of device bandwidths">List of device bandwidths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI_/_ATA_Translation" title="SCSI / ATA Translation">SCSI / ATA Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">Serial Storage Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_Attached_SCSI" title="USB Attached SCSI">USB Attached SCSI</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kb.sandisk.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/10510/~/differences-between-sas-and-sata">"Differences between SAS and SATA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Differences+between+SAS+and+SATA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkb.sandisk.com%2Fapp%2Fanswers%2Fdetail%2Fa_id%2F10510%2F~%2Fdifferences-between-sas-and-sata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24G-scsita-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-24G-scsita_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-24G-scsita_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scsita.org/content/library/24g-sas-data-storage-specification-development-complete-scsi-trade-association-spotlights-technology-at-2017-flash-memory-summit/">"24G SAS Data Storage Specification Development Complete; SCSI Trade Association Spotlights Technology at 2017 Flash Memory Summit"</a>. SCSI Trade Association. 2017-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=24G+SAS+Data+Storage+Specification+Development+Complete%3B+SCSI+Trade+Association+Spotlights+Technology+at+2017+Flash+Memory+Summit&rft.pub=SCSI+Trade+Association&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scsita.org%2Fcontent%2Flibrary%2F24g-sas-data-storage-specification-development-complete-scsi-trade-association-spotlights-technology-at-2017-flash-memory-summit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThompsonThompson2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonThompson2003_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonThompson2003" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Robert Bruce; Thompson, Barbara Fritchman (24 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kG8LcWfruOAC&pg=PT308"><i>PC Hardware in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference</i></a>. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 422. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-55234-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-55234-3"><bdi>978-0-596-55234-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PC+Hardware+in+a+Nutshell%3A+A+Desktop+Quick+Reference&rft.pages=422&rft.pub=%22O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.%22&rft.date=2003-07-24&rft.isbn=978-0-596-55234-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Bruce&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Barbara+Fritchman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkG8LcWfruOAC%26pg%3DPT308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCR1990-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCR1990_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNCR_Corporation1990" class="citation book cs1">NCR Corporation (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scsiunderstandin00ncrc"><i>Scsi: understanding the small computer system interface</i></a></span>. University of Virginia: Prentice Hall. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scsiunderstandin00ncrc/page/5">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780137968558" title="Special:BookSources/9780137968558"><bdi>9780137968558</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scsi%3A+understanding+the+small+computer+system+interface&rft.place=University+of+Virginia&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780137968558&rft.au=NCR+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscsiunderstandin00ncrc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storage.microsemi.com/en-us/_whitepapers/tech/sata/sas_sata_unprlcompat.htm">"SAS and SATA: Unparalleled Compatibility"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+Attached+SCSI+Master+Roadmap&rft.pub=SCSI+Trade+Association&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scsita.org%2Flibrary%2F2015%2F10%2Fserial-attached-scsi-technology-roadmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAS4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAS4_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t10.org/cgi-bin/ac.pl?t=f&f=sas4r06.pdf">"Serial Attached SCSI - 4 (SAS-4) draft"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. T10. 2016-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Water+Panther&rft.atitle=Compatible+HPE+ProLiant+Server+Hard+Drives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaterpanther.com%2Fcollections%2Fcompatible-hpe-proliant-server-hard-drives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25922">"Multilane Unshielded Serial Attachment Connectors, Rev 2.0"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606152920/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25922">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multilane+Unshielded+Serial+Attachment+Connectors%2C+Rev+2.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs-electronics.com/sff-8484/">"SFF-8484"</a>. <i>CS Electronics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CS+Electronics&rft.atitle=SFF-8484&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs-electronics.com%2Fsff-8484%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25923">"SFF-8485 Specification for Serial GPIO (SGPIO) Bus, Rev 0.7"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626094026/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25923">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SFF-8485+Specification+for+Serial+GPIO+%28SGPIO%29+Bus%2C+Rev+0.7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25938">"Mini Multilane 4/8X Unshielded Connector (HDun), Rev 3.5"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606153441/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25938">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mini+Multilane+4%2F8X+Unshielded+Connector+%28HDun%29%2C+Rev+3.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25951">"Mini Multilane 4/8X 12 Gb/s Unshielded Connector (HD12un), Rev 3.5"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606153628/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25951">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mini+Multilane+4%2F8X+12+Gb%2Fs+Unshielded+Connector+%28HD12un%29%2C+Rev+3.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs-electronics.com/sff-8643/">"SFF-8643"</a>. <i>CS Electronics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CS+Electronics&rft.atitle=SFF-8643&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs-electronics.com%2Fsff-8643%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icydock.com/knowledge.php?id=70">"ICY TIPs_ICY DOCK manufacturer Removable enclosure, Screwless hard drive enclosure, SAS SATA Mobile Rack, DVR Surveillance Recording, Video Audio Editing, SATA portable hard drive enclosure"</a>. <i>www.icydock.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icydock.com&rft.atitle=ICY+TIPs_ICY+DOCK+manufacturer+Removable+enclosure%2C+Screwless+hard+drive+enclosure%2C+SAS+SATA+Mobile+Rack%2C+DVR+Surveillance+Recording%2C+Video+Audio+Editing%2C+SATA+portable+hard+drive+enclosure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icydock.com%2Fknowledge.php%3Fid%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25939">"Mini Multilane 4/8X Shielded Cage/Connector (HDsh), Rev 3.4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606153828/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25939">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mini+Multilane+4%2F8X+Shielded+Cage%2FConnector+%28HDsh%29%2C+Rev+3.4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25952">"Mini Multilane 4/8X 12 Gb/s Shielded Cage/Connector (HD12sh), Rev 3.5"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010209/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25952">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mini+Multilane+4%2F8X+12+Gb%2Fs+Shielded+Cage%2FConnector+%28HD12sh%29%2C+Rev+3.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs-electronics.com/sff-8644/">"SFF-8644"</a>. <i>CS Electronics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CS+Electronics&rft.atitle=SFF-8644&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs-electronics.com%2Fsff-8644%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25970">"Serial Attachment 2X 12 Gb/s Unshielded Connector, Rev 2.1"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606154155/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25970">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+Attachment+2X+12+Gb%2Fs+Unshielded+Connector%2C+Rev+2.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs-electronics.com/sff-8680-2/">"SFF-8680"</a>. <i>CS Electronics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CS+Electronics&rft.atitle=SFF-8680&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs-electronics.com%2Fsff-8680-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26489">"Multifunction 6X Unshielded Connector, Rev 2.1"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217083042/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26489">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multifunction+6X+Unshielded+Connector%2C+Rev+2.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F26489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs-electronics.com/sff-8639/">"SFF-8639"</a>. <i>CS Electronics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CS+Electronics&rft.atitle=SFF-8639&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs-electronics.com%2Fsff-8639%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcper.com/news/Storage/Connector-Formerly-Known-SFF-8639-Now-Called-U2">"SFF-8639 Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Perspective" title="PC Perspective">PC Perspective</a></i>. TekPerspective. 8 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Perspective&rft.atitle=SFF-8639+Review&rft.date=2015-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcper.com%2Fnews%2FStorage%2FConnector-Formerly-Known-SFF-8639-Now-Called-U2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25947">"Multifunction 6X 24 Gb/s Unshielded Connector, Rev 1.1"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606154259/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25947">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multifunction+6X+24+Gb%2Fs+Unshielded+Connector%2C+Rev+1.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25949">"Serial Attachment 4X 24 Gb/s Unshielded Connector, Rev 1.0"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606154351/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25949">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+Attachment+4X+24+Gb%2Fs+Unshielded+Connector%2C+Rev+1.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scsita.org/content/library/sas_device_to_mid-plane_interconnects_roadmap/">"SAS Device to Mid-plane Interconnects Roadmap"</a>. <i>SCSITA.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/SCSI_Trade_Association" title="SCSI Trade Association">SCSI Trade Association</a>. 2015-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SCSITA.org&rft.atitle=SAS+Device+to+Mid-plane+Interconnects+Roadmap&rft.date=2015-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scsita.org%2Fcontent%2Flibrary%2Fsas_device_to_mid-plane_interconnects_roadmap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25971">"Serial Attachment 2X 24 Gb/s Unshielded Connector, Rev 1.0"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606154739/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25971">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+Attachment+2X+24+Gb%2Fs+Unshielded+Connector%2C+Rev+1.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F25971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26744">"0.6mm 4/8X Unshielded I/O Connector, Rev 1.2"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710095246/https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26744">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=0.6mm+4%2F8X+Unshielded+I%2FO+Connector%2C+Rev+1.2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.snia.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F26744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forums.servethehome.com/index.php?threads/sas-4-0-pci-e-4-0-upcoming-24gbps-new-hba%E2%80%99s-and-raid-cards-slimsas-my-new-%E2%80%9Ccables%E2%80%9D-and-the-new-sff-connector-the-future-is-here-bois.32425/">"SAS 4.0, PCI-E 4.0, Upcoming 24Gbps, New HBA's and RAID cards, SlimSAS, My New "Cables" and the new SFF Connector: The Future Is Here, Bois"</a>. <i>ServeTheHome Forums</i>. 30 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527161518/https://forums.servethehome.com/index.php?threads/sas-4-0-pci-e-4-0-upcoming-24gbps-new-hba%E2%80%99s-and-raid-cards-slimsas-my-new-%E2%80%9Ccables%E2%80%9D-and-the-new-sff-connector-the-future-is-here-bois.32425/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ServeTheHome+Forums&rft.atitle=SAS+4.0%2C+PCI-E+4.0%2C+Upcoming+24Gbps%2C+New+HBA%27s+and+RAID+cards%2C+SlimSAS%2C+My+New+%22Cables%22+and+the+new+SFF+Connector%3A+The+Future+Is+Here%2C+Bois.&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforums.servethehome.com%2Findex.php%3Fthreads%2Fsas-4-0-pci-e-4-0-upcoming-24gbps-new-hba%25E2%2580%2599s-and-raid-cards-slimsas-my-new-%25E2%2580%259Ccables%25E2%2580%259D-and-the-new-sff-connector-the-future-is-here-bois.32425%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snia-deltas-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snia-deltas_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snia-deltas_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snia-deltas_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis_Whittington2007" class="citation web cs1">Willis Whittington (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snia.org/sites/default/education/tutorials/2007/fall/storage/WillisWhittington_Deltas_by_Design.pdf">"Desktop, Nearline & Enterprise Disk Drives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association" title="Storage Networking Industry Association">Storage Networking Industry Association</a> (SNIA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desktop%2C+Nearline+%26+Enterprise+Disk+Drives&rft.pub=Storage+Networking+Industry+Association+%28SNIA%29&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Willis+Whittington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snia.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Feducation%2Ftutorials%2F2007%2Ffall%2Fstorage%2FWillisWhittington_Deltas_by_Design.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+Attached+SCSI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links"><span class="anchor" id="MULTILINK"></span>External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_Attached_SCSI&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Serial_Attached_SCSI" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Serial Attached SCSI">Serial Attached SCSI</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t10.org">T10 committee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scsita.org/">SCSI Trade Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t10.org/cgi-bin/ac.pl?t=f&f=sas2r15.pdf">Current draft revision of SAS-2 from T10</a> (6.83 MiB PDF after registration)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t10.org/cgi-bin/ac.pl?t=f&f=sas3r02a.pdf">Current draft revision of SAS-3 from T10</a> (2.8  MB PDF after registration)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/products/pvaul/en/nearline-sas.pdf">Seagate whitepaper on Nearline SAS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501080307/http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files2/SDC2011/presentations/monday/HarryMason_SAS%20_Standards_Technology_Updater1.pdf">SAS Standards and Technology Update</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association" title="Storage Networking Industry Association">SNIA</a>, 2011, by Harry Mason and Marty Czekalski (<i>MultiLink SAS</i> is described on pp. 17–19)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scsita.org/library/multilink-sas/">MultiLink SAS presentations, press releases and roadmaps</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190101025346/http://www.scsita.org/library/multilink-sas/">Archived</a> 2019-01-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/SCSI_Trade_Association" title="SCSI Trade Association">SCSI Trade Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanzabike.net/images/SAS_Docs/SAS_IG.pdf">SAS Integrators Guide</a>, SCSI Trade Association, April 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinoutguide.com/HD/SAS_connector_pinout.shtml">Pinouts of SAS SFF-8482 and other connectors</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_bus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer bus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>de facto</i> standards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wired_communication" title="Wired communication">wired</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">Back-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">Bus mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_play" title="Plug and play">Plug and play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of interface bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-50_bus" title="SS-50 bus">SS-50 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXBI_bus" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBus_(SPARC)" title="MBus (SPARC)">MBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STD_Bus" title="STD Bus">STD Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Card_Bus" title="Europe Card Bus">Europe Card Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEbus" title="STEbus">STEbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Pin_Count" title="Low Pin Count">LPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VME_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="VME eXtensions for Instrumentation">VXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXS" title="VXS">VXS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPX" title="VPX">VPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Channel_architecture" title="Micro Channel architecture">MCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBus" title="SBus">SBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">HP GSC bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Port_Architecture" title="Ultra Port Architecture">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI Extended (PCI-X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation">PXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express (PCIe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compute_Express_Link" title="Compute Express Link">Compute Express Link (CXL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface" title="Direct Media Interface">Direct Media Interface (DMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidIO" title="RapidIO">RapidIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVLink" title="NVLink">NVLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect" title="Intel Ultra Path Interconnect">Intel Ultra Path Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface" title="Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface">Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceWire" title="SpaceWire">SpaceWire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ST-506/ST-412" title="ST-506/ST-412">ST-506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Peripheral_Interface" title="Intelligent Peripheral Interface">IPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_and_Tag" title="Bus and Tag">Bus and Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">DSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">SSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATAe</a></li> <li>PCI Express (via <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> or <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical device interface)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripheral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_SIO" title="Atari SIO">Atari SIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Control_Bus" title="Digital Control Bus">DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_bus" title="Commodore bus">Commodore bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-IL" title="HP-IL">HP-IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMX512#DMX512-A" title="DMX512">DMX512-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE-488" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-488">IEEE-488 (GPIB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE-1394 (FireWire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI/O" title="UNI/O">UNI/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Wire" title="1-Wire">1-Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a> (<a href="/wiki/ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Management_Bus" title="Power Management Bus">PMBus</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3C_(bus)" title="I3C (bus)">I3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface" title="Serial Peripheral Interface">SPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">D²B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_High_Definition_Audio" title="Intel High Definition Audio">Intel HD Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2S" title="I²S">I²S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McASP" title="McASP">McASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embedded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Microcontroller_Bus_Architecture" title="Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture">AMBA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_eXtensible_Interface" title="Advanced eXtensible Interface">AXI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIMbus" title="SLIMbus">SLIMbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.</small><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solid-state_drives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solid-state_drive" title="Template:Solid-state drive"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solid-state_drive" title="Template talk:Solid-state drive"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solid-state_drive" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solid-state drive"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solid-state_drives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drives</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">ECC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_file_system" title="Flash file system">Flash file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-level_cell" title="Multi-level cell">SLC/MLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory_controller" title="Flash memory controller">Flash memory controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(SSD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garbage collection (SSD)">Garbage collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOPS" title="IOPS">IOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">MB/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory#Memory_wear" title="Flash memory">Memory wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-channel_SSD" title="Open-channel SSD">Open-channel SSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification#Over-provisioning" title="Write amplification">Over-provisioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory#Read_disturb" title="Flash memory">Read disturb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification#Secure_erase" title="Write amplification">Secure erase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">Solid-state storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_(computing)" title="Trim (computing)">Trim command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_leveling" title="Wear leveling">Wear leveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification" title="Write amplification">Write amplification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flash manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a> <ul><li>Bought <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm</li></ul></li> <li>Flash Forward (joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Memory_Technologies" title="Yangtze Memory Technologies">YMTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_flash_memory_controller_manufacturers" title="List of flash memory controller manufacturers">Controllers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion-io" title="Fusion-io">Fusion-io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STec" title="STec">sTec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OCZ" title="OCZ">OCZ</a> (bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indilinx" title="Indilinx">Indilinx</a> (bought by OCZ)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SandForce" title="SandForce">SandForce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a> <ul><li>Bought <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FADU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FADU (page does not exist)">FADU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenliant_Systems" title="Greenliant Systems">Greenliant Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goke_Microelectronics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goke Microelectronics (page does not exist)">Goke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMicron" title="JMicron">Maxiotek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phison" title="Phison">Phison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PMC-Sierra" title="PMC-Sierra">PMC-Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Motion" title="Silicon Motion">SMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SSD manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solid-state_drive_manufacturers" title="List of solid-state drive manufacturers">List of solid-state drive manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">Advanced Host Controller Interface</a> (AHCI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> (FC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVM Express</a> (NVMe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> (PCIe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">Serial ATA</a> (SATA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_attached_SCSI" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial attached SCSI">Serial attached SCSI</a> (SAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">Universal Serial Bus</a> (USB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Configurations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive#Form_factors" title="Hard disk drive">HDD form factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSATA" class="mw-redirect" title="MSATA">mSATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.2" title="M.2">M.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> <a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">expansion card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USB-C" title="USB-C">USB Type-C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.2" title="U.2">U.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.3" class="mw-redirect" title="U.3">U.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSFF" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSFF">EDSFF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards" title="International Committee for Information Technology Standards">INCITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_NAND_Flash_Interface_Working_Group" title="Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group">ONFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express#History" title="NVM Express">NVMHCI Work Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_Implementers_Forum" title="USB Implementers Forum">USB-IF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">SATA-IO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form_Factor_Committee" title="Small Form Factor Committee">SFF Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association" title="Storage Networking Industry Association">SNIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_state_storage_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid state storage initiative">SSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">T10/SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">T11/FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">T13/ATA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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