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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Robben_Island_(prison)&params=33_48_01_S_18_22_16_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°48′01″S</span> <span class="longitude">18°22′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.80028°S 18.37111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.80028; 18.37111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum Security Prison, Robben Island">Maximum Security Prison, Robben Island</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former prison off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Maximum Security Prison</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg/220px-Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg/330px-Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg/440px-Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Prison building</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" 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.id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robben Island (prison) is located in Cape Town"><img alt="Robben Island (prison) is located in Cape Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg/240px-OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg/360px-OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg/480px-OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="399" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.056%;left:16.148%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Robben Island (prison)"><img alt="Robben Island (prison)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Cape Town</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Robben_Island" title="Robben Island">Robben Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Robben_Island_(prison)&params=33_48_01_S_18_22_16_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°48′01″S</span> <span class="longitude">18°22′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.80028°S 18.37111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.80028; 18.37111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Inactive</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Security class</th><td class="infobox-data category">Maximum-minimum</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1961</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closed</th><td class="infobox-data">1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Managed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_African_government" class="mw-redirect" title="South African government">South African government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City</th><td class="infobox-data locality"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data postal-code">7400</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data country-name">South Africa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robben-island.org.za">robben-island<wbr />.org<wbr />.za</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Notable prisoners</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robben Island Prison</b> is an inactive prison on <a href="/wiki/Robben_Island" title="Robben Island">Robben Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Table_Bay" title="Table Bay">Table Bay</a>, 6.9 kilometers (4.3 mi) west of the coast of <a href="/wiki/Bloubergstrand" title="Bloubergstrand">Bloubergstrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel</a> Laureate and former <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a> <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> was imprisoned there for 18 of the 27 years he served behind bars before the fall of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>. Since then, three former inmates of the prison (Mandela, <a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>) have gone on to become President of South Africa. </p><p>It is a <a href="/wiki/National_heritage_sites_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="National heritage sites (South Africa)">South African National Heritage Site</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robben_Island_(prison)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1961, the prison was used by the <a href="/wiki/South_African_government" class="mw-redirect" title="South African government">South African government</a> for political prisoners and convicted criminals. The maximum security prison for political prisoners closed in 1991 and the medium security prison for criminal prisoners was closed five years later in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_former_prisoners">List of former prisoners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robben_Island_(prison)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of former prisoners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Alexander" title="Neville Alexander">Neville Alexander</a>, proponent of a multilingual South Africa and former revolutionary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autshumato" title="Autshumato">Autshumato</a> (probably around 1625 – 1665), one of the first activists against colonialism, and a Robben Island prisoner from 1658 to around 1660.</li> <li>Imam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Qadi_Abdus_Salaam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Qadi Abdus Salaam (page does not exist)">Abdallah ibn Qadi Abdus Salaam</a> (also known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuan_Guru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuan Guru (page does not exist)">Tuan Guru</a>), imprisoned from 1780 until 1793 for his anti-colonial activities against the Dutch.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Brutus" title="Dennis Brutus">Dennis Brutus</a>, former activist and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Chamusso" title="Patrick Chamusso">Patrick Chamusso</a>, former activist of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laloo_Chiba" title="Laloo Chiba">Laloo Chiba</a>, former accused at <a href="/wiki/Little_Rivonia_Trial" title="Little Rivonia Trial">Little Rivonia Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Ismail_Ebrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim">Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim</a>, South African anti-apartheid activist of Indian-origin and member of the ANC's armed wing <a href="/wiki/Umkhonto_We_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Umkhonto We Sizwe">Umkhonto We Sizwe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Daniels_(political_activist)" title="Eddie Daniels (political activist)">Eddie Daniels</a>, anti-apartheid activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Ekandjo" title="Jerry Ekandjo">Jerry Ekandjo</a>, Namibian politician</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nceba_Faku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nceba Faku (page does not exist)">Nceba Faku</a>, former Metro Mayor of Port Elizabeth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gqabi" title="Joe Gqabi">Joe Gqabi</a>, former ANC activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Gwala" title="Harry Gwala">Harry Gwala</a>, former ANC activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkwenkwe_Nkomo" title="Nkwenkwe Nkomo">Nkwenkwe Nkomo</a>, South African politician activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Iilonga" title="Petrus Iilonga">Petrus Iilonga</a>, Namibian trade unionist, activist and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kathrada" title="Ahmed Kathrada">Ahmed Kathrada</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trialist</a> and long-serving prisoner</li> <li>Koesaaij, Malagasy co-leader of the <a href="/wiki/Meermin_slave_mutiny" title="Meermin slave mutiny"><i>Meermin</i> slave mutiny</a> in February, 1766</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langalibalele" title="Langalibalele">Langalibalele</a>, The King of the <a href="/wiki/Hlubi_people" title="Hlubi people">Hlubi people</a>, one of the first activists against colonialism<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kenneth_Malatji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kenneth Malatji (page does not exist)">John Kenneth Malatji</a>, former activist and special forces of ANC – Tladi, Soweto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njongonkulu_Ndungane" title="Njongonkulu Ndungane">Njongonkulu Ndungane</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Magona2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magona2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later to become <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Archbishop_of_Cape_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town">Archbishop of Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosiuoa_Lekota" title="Mosiuoa Lekota">Mosiuoa Lekota</a>, imprisoned in 1974, President and Leader of the Congress of the People</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Maharaj" title="Mac Maharaj">Mac Maharaj</a>, former accused at Little Rivonia Trial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhanda_(prophet)" title="Makhanda (prophet)">Makana</a>, one of the activists against colonialism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vusumzi_Make" title="Vusumzi Make">Vusumzi Make</a>, former PAC activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Makwetu" title="Clarence Makwetu">Clarence Makwetu</a>, former PAC Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, African National Congress leader and former president of South Africa (first black president)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamzo_Mandierd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamzo Mandierd (page does not exist)">Gamzo Mandierd</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafta_Masemola" title="Jafta Masemola">Jeff Masemola</a>, the first prisoner sentenced to life imprisonment in the apartheid era</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Masondo" title="Amos Masondo">Amos Masondo</a>, former mayor of Johannesburg</li> <li>Massavana, Malagasy leader of the <a href="/wiki/Meermin_slave_mutiny" title="Meermin slave mutiny"><i>Meermin</i> slave mutiny</a> in February, 1766</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Matsobane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Matsobane (page does not exist)">Michael Matsobane</a>, leader of Young African Religious Movement. Sentenced at Bethal in 1979; released by PW Botha in 1987.</li> <li>Chief <a href="/wiki/Maqoma" title="Maqoma">Maqoma</a>, former chief who died on the island in 1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govan_Mbeki" title="Govan Mbeki">Govan Mbeki</a>, father of former president of South Africa <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a>. Govan was sentenced to life in 1963 but was released from Robben Island in 1987 by PW Botha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton_Mkwayi" title="Wilton Mkwayi">Wilton Mkwayi</a>, former accused at Little Rivonia Trial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mlangeni" title="Andrew Mlangeni">Andrew Mlangeni</a>, former Rivonia Trialist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Mlambo" title="Johnson Mlambo">Johnson Mlambo</a>, former PAC activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Morobe" title="Murphy Morobe">Murphy Morobe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soweto_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Soweto Uprising">Soweto Uprising</a> student leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikgang_Moseneke" title="Dikgang Moseneke">Dikgang Moseneke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_Justice_of_South_Africa" title="Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa">Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephania_Mothopeng" title="Zephania Mothopeng">Zephania Mothopeng</a>, former PAC activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Motsoaledi" title="Elias Motsoaledi">Elias Motsoaledi</a>, former Rivonia Trialist</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayed_Abdurahman_Moturu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayed Abdurahman Moturu (page does not exist)">Sayed Abdurahman Moturu</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_of_Madura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince of Madura (page does not exist)">Prince of Madura</a>, one of Cape Town's first imams, who was exiled to the island in 1740 and died there in 1754</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffiths_Mxenge" title="Griffiths Mxenge">Griffiths Mxenge</a>, a South African Lawyer and member of the African National Congress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Nair" title="Billy Nair">Billy Nair</a>, former Rivonia Trialist and ANC/SACP leader</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._D._Naidoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. D. Naidoo (page does not exist)">M. D. Naidoo</a>, a South African lawyer and member of the African National Congress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_ya_Otto_Nankudhu" class="mw-redirect" title="John ya Otto Nankudhu">John ya Otto Nankudhu</a>, Namibian liberation fighter<sup id="cite_ref-NE1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nkosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Nkosi (page does not exist)">John Nkosi</a>, Serving life but released by PW Botha in 1987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Shoba" title="Jan Shoba">Jan Shoba</a>, leader in the <a href="/wiki/Azanian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Azanian People's Liberation Army">Azanian People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sisulu" title="Samuel Sisulu">Samuel Sisulu</a> Founder of South African Freedom Organisation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nongqawuse" title="Nongqawuse">Nongqawuse</a>, the Xhosa prophetess responsible for the Cattle Killing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqana_Nxele" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqana Nxele">Maqana Nxele</a>, former Xhosa prophet who drowned while trying to escape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nyathi_Pokela" title="John Nyathi Pokela">John Nyathi Pokela</a>, co-founder and former chairman of the PAC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Seremane" title="Joe Seremane">Joe Seremane</a>, former chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Sexwale" title="Tokyo Sexwale">Tokyo Sexwale</a>, businessman and aspirant leader of the African National Congress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaus_Shikomba" title="Gaus Shikomba">Gaus Shikomba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibian</a> politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a>, former ANC Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Mhlaba" title="Raymond Mhlaba">Raymond Mhlaba</a>, former ANC Activist and first former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Eastern_Cape" title="Premier of the Eastern Cape">Premier of the Eastern Cape</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Sizani" title="Stone Sizani">Stone Sizani</a>, ANC Chief Whip</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobukwe" title="Robert Sobukwe">Robert Sobukwe</a>, former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Mazibuko" title="Seth Mazibuko">Seth Mazibuko</a>, youngest member of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Students%27_Organisation" title="South African Students' Organisation">South African Students' Organisation</a> that planned and led the <a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tshwete" title="Steve Tshwete">Steve Tshwete</a>, former ANC Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Twebe" title="Moses Twebe">Moses Twebe</a>, former ANC Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andimba_Toivo_ya_Toivo" title="Andimba Toivo ya Toivo">Andimba Toivo ya Toivo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibian</a> politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakaria_Nashandi" title="Sakaria Nashandi">Sakaria Nashandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibian</a> politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>, former president of South Africa and leader of the African National Congress</li> <li>Achmad Cassiem, former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanist_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Africanist Congress">Pan-Africanist Congress</a> (PAC) and leader of the Qibla movement</li> <li>Setsiba Paul Mohohlo, former APLA unit commander</li> <li>Micheal Ludumo Buka, former ANC Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a>, Former deputy president of the African National Congress and South Africa's third president since the dawn of democracy</li> <li>John Aifheli Thabo, an ANC political activist <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Mvuyisi_Sigwela" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezra Mvuyisi Sigwela">Ezra Mvuyisi Sigwela</a>, an ANC political activist</li> <li>Xolani Casper Jonas, an ANC political activist</li> <li>Kwezi Nontsikelo, ANC political activist, Advisor to the Minister of Defence</li> <li>King Sigcau kaMqikela, <a href="/wiki/Mpondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpondo">Mpondo</a> royal king, grandson of King <a href="/wiki/Faku_kaNgqungqushe" title="Faku kaNgqungqushe">Faku kaNgqungqushe</a> and one of the first activists against colonialism</li> <li>Kisten Moonsamy, former Rivonia Trialist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tsafendas" title="Dimitri Tsafendas">Dimitri Tsafendas</a>, Greek-Mozambican lifelong political militant and the assassin of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">Prime Minister of South Africa</a> <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Verwoerd" title="Hendrik Verwoerd">Hendrik Verwoerd</a></li> <li>Stephen Dlamini, ANC activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mokaba" title="Peter Mokaba">Peter Mokaba</a>, former ANC Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vejaynand_Ramlakan" title="Vejaynand Ramlakan">Vejaynand Ramlakan</a>, former ANC Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Naicker" title="George Naicker">George Naicker</a>, prominent anti-apartheid activist</li> <li>Maholobela Mudobi Zackaria a.k.a. Maholobela Modipi Zacharia, an ANC political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Vearey" title="Jeremy Vearey">Jeremy Vearey</a>, ANC activist</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Mandela%27s_cell-Robben_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nelson Mandela's prison cell"><img alt="Nelson Mandela's prison cell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nelson_Mandela%27s_cell-Robben_Island.jpg/90px-Nelson_Mandela%27s_cell-Robben_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nelson_Mandela%27s_cell-Robben_Island.jpg/135px-Nelson_Mandela%27s_cell-Robben_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nelson_Mandela%27s_cell-Robben_Island.jpg/180px-Nelson_Mandela%27s_cell-Robben_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nelson Mandela's prison cell</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japhta_Masemola_(1963-89)_(5998332162).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japhta Masemola's prison cell"><img alt="Japhta Masemola's prison cell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Japhta_Masemola_%281963-89%29_%285998332162%29.jpg/120px-Japhta_Masemola_%281963-89%29_%285998332162%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Japhta_Masemola_%281963-89%29_%285998332162%29.jpg/180px-Japhta_Masemola_%281963-89%29_%285998332162%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Japhta_Masemola_%281963-89%29_%285998332162%29.jpg/240px-Japhta_Masemola_%281963-89%29_%285998332162%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="762" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japhta Masemola's prison cell</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Langa_(1977_-_91)_(5997933222).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Langa's prison cell"><img alt="Paul Langa's prison cell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paul_Langa_%281977_-_91%29_%285997933222%29.jpg/120px-Paul_Langa_%281977_-_91%29_%285997933222%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paul_Langa_%281977_-_91%29_%285997933222%29.jpg/180px-Paul_Langa_%281977_-_91%29_%285997933222%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paul_Langa_%281977_-_91%29_%285997933222%29.jpg/240px-Paul_Langa_%281977_-_91%29_%285997933222%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="763" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paul Langa's prison cell</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thami_Mkhwanazi_(1980_-_83)_(5998332864).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thami Mkhwanazi's prison cell"><img alt="Thami Mkhwanazi's prison cell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Thami_Mkhwanazi_%281980_-_83%29_%285998332864%29.jpg/120px-Thami_Mkhwanazi_%281980_-_83%29_%285998332864%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Thami_Mkhwanazi_%281980_-_83%29_%285998332864%29.jpg/180px-Thami_Mkhwanazi_%281980_-_83%29_%285998332864%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Thami_Mkhwanazi_%281980_-_83%29_%285998332864%29.jpg/240px-Thami_Mkhwanazi_%281980_-_83%29_%285998332864%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thami Mkhwanazi's prison cell</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zahkele_Mdlalose_(1964_-_74;_77_-_90)_(5998331940).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zahkele Mdlalose's prison cell"><img alt="Zahkele Mdlalose's prison cell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zahkele_Mdlalose_%281964_-_74%3B_77_-_90%29_%285998331940%29.jpg/120px-Zahkele_Mdlalose_%281964_-_74%3B_77_-_90%29_%285998331940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zahkele_Mdlalose_%281964_-_74%3B_77_-_90%29_%285998331940%29.jpg/180px-Zahkele_Mdlalose_%281964_-_74%3B_77_-_90%29_%285998331940%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zahkele_Mdlalose_%281964_-_74%3B_77_-_90%29_%285998331940%29.jpg/240px-Zahkele_Mdlalose_%281964_-_74%3B_77_-_90%29_%285998331940%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zahkele Mdlalose's prison cell</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robben_Island_(prison)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prison"><img alt="Prison" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/120px-Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/180px-Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/240px-Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prison</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robben_island_(3153393075).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former prison cells and corridor"><img alt="Former prison cells and corridor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Robben_island_%283153393075%29.jpg/120px-Robben_island_%283153393075%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Robben_island_%283153393075%29.jpg/180px-Robben_island_%283153393075%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Robben_island_%283153393075%29.jpg/240px-Robben_island_%283153393075%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="535" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former prison cells and corridor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B-Section,_Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Backyard"><img alt="Backyard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/B-Section%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/120px-B-Section%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/B-Section%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/180px-B-Section%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/B-Section%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/240px-B-Section%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Backyard</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dormitory,_Robben_Island_Maximum_Security_Prison_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dormitory"><img alt="Dormitory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dormitory%2C_Robben_Island_Maximum_Security_Prison_%2801%29.jpg/120px-Dormitory%2C_Robben_Island_Maximum_Security_Prison_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dormitory%2C_Robben_Island_Maximum_Security_Prison_%2801%29.jpg/180px-Dormitory%2C_Robben_Island_Maximum_Security_Prison_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dormitory%2C_Robben_Island_Maximum_Security_Prison_%2801%29.jpg/240px-Dormitory%2C_Robben_Island_Maximum_Security_Prison_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dormitory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wash_basins,_Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wash basins"><img alt="Wash basins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg/120px-Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg/180px-Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg/240px-Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wash basins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wash_basins,_Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wash basins"><img alt="Wash basins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/120px-Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/180px-Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/240px-Wash_basins%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wash basins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Communal_toilets,_Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Communal toilets"><img alt="Communal toilets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Communal_toilets%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/120px-Communal_toilets%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Communal_toilets%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/180px-Communal_toilets%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Communal_toilets%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg/240px-Communal_toilets%2C_Maximum_Security_Prison%2C_Robben_Island_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Communal toilets</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robben_Island_(prison)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makana_F.A." title="Makana F.A.">Makana F.A.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robben_Island_(prison)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7634845.stm">"New S. Africa president sworn in"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 25 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927031608/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7634845.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=New+S.+Africa+president+sworn+in&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F7634845.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobben+Island+%28prison%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130422002004/http://www.sahra.org.za/content/920180004">"9/2/018/0004 – Robben Island, Table Bay"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_African_Heritage_Resources_Agency" title="South African Heritage Resources Agency">South African Heritage Resources Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahra.org.za/content/920180004">the original</a> on 22 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9%2F2%2F018%2F0004+%E2%80%93+Robben+Island%2C+Table+Bay&rft.pub=South+African+Heritage+Resources+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahra.org.za%2Fcontent%2F920180004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobben+Island+%28prison%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/916">"Robben Island"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104160257/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/916">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robben+Island&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobben+Island+%28prison%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museum-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-museum_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robben-island.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=62">Chronology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215011620/http://www.robben-island.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=62">Archived</a> 15 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Robben Island Museum website, retrieved 8 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsahoboss2011" class="citation news cs1">sahoboss (2011-03-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211044006/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/hlubi-chief-langalibalele-becomes-one-first-black-activists-be-tried-and-banished-robben">"Hlubi Chief Langalibalele becomes one of the first Black activists to be tried and banished to Robben Island"</a>. <i>South African History Online</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/hlubi-chief-langalibalele-becomes-one-first-black-activists-be-tried-and-banished-robben">the original</a> on 2018-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+History+Online&rft.atitle=Hlubi+Chief+Langalibalele+becomes+one+of+the+first+Black+activists+to+be+tried+and+banished+to+Robben+Island&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.au=sahoboss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fdated-event%2Fhlubi-chief-langalibalele-becomes-one-first-black-activists-be-tried-and-banished-robben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobben+Island+%28prison%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magona2012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Magona2012_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSindiwe_Magona2012" class="citation book cs1">Sindiwe Magona (1 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mXsGywAACAAJ"><i>From Robben Island to Bishop's Court: The Biography of Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane</i></a>. David Philip. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86486-738-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86486-738-4"><bdi>978-0-86486-738-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414203715/https://books.google.com/books?id=mXsGywAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Robben+Island+to+Bishop%27s+Court%3A+The+Biography+of+Archbishop+Njongonkulu+Ndungane&rft.pub=David+Philip&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-86486-738-4&rft.au=Sindiwe+Magona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmXsGywAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobben+Island+%28prison%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NE1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NE1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=39291">"John Ya Otto Nankudhu passes on"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Era_(Namibia)" title="New Era (Namibia)">New Era</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NAMPA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAMPA">NAMPA</a>. 22 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025905/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=39291">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=John+Ya+Otto+Nankudhu+passes+on&rft.date=2011-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2Farticle.php%3Farticleid%3D39291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobben+Island+%28prison%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robben_Island_(prison)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nelson_Mandela" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nelson_Mandela" title="Template:Nelson Mandela"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nelson_Mandela" title="Template talk:Nelson Mandela"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nelson_Mandela" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nelson Mandela"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nelson_Mandela" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013<br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress">President of the African National Congress</a> (1991–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life" title="Nelson Mandela">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo law firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe">UMkhonto we Sizwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">1955 Congress of the People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Treason_Trial" title="1956 Treason Trial">Treason Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robben_Island" title="Robben Island">Robben Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollsmoor_Prison" title="Pollsmoor Prison">Pollsmoor Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakenstein_Correctional_Centre" title="Drakenstein Correctional Centre">Victor Verster Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliesleaf_Farm" title="Liliesleaf Farm">Liliesleaf Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_House" title="Mandela House">Mandela House and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Fund" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Fund">Nelson Mandela Children's Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_70th_Birthday_Tribute" title="Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute">70th Birthday Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_90th_Birthday_Tribute" title="Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute">90th Birthday Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Nelson_Mandela" title="List of awards and honours received by Nelson Mandela">Awards and honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela">Death and state funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_memorial_service_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="List of dignitaries at the memorial service of Nelson Mandela">state memorial service attendees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_state_funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="List of dignitaries at the state funeral of Nelson Mandela">funeral attendees</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Presidency of Nelson Mandela">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994 election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Presidency of Nelson Mandela">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Government of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_and_Development_Programme" title="Reconstruction and Development Programme">Reconstruction and Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_and_apartheid#1995_Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby union and apartheid">1995 Rugby World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">Intervention in Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlamba_Ndlopfu" title="Mahlamba Ndlopfu">Mahlamba Ndlopfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and<br />speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Prepared_to_Die" title="I Am Prepared to Die">"I Am Prepared to Die" (1964 speech)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Long Walk to Freedom"><i>Long Walk to Freedom</i> (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela:_The_Authorised_Biography" title="Mandela: The Authorised Biography"><i>Mandela: The Authorised Biography</i> (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_With_Myself_(book)" title="Conversations With Myself (book)"><i>Conversations With Myself</i> (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dare_Not_Linger" title="Dare Not Linger"><i>Dare Not Linger: The Presidential Years</i> (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br />namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Day" title="Mandela Day">Mandela Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Forum" title="Nelson Mandela Forum">Nelson Mandela Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Mandela Institution">Nelson Mandela Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46664_(concerts)" class="mw-redirect" title="46664 (concerts)">46664 concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Mandela Rhodes Scholarship">Mandela Rhodes Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Challenge" title="Nelson Mandela Challenge">Nelson Mandela Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Challenge_Plate" title="Mandela Challenge Plate">Nelson Mandela Challenge Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Invitational" title="Nelson Mandela Invitational">Nelson Mandela Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_International_Airport" title="Nelson Mandela International Airport">Nelson Mandela International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Square" title="Nelson Mandela Square">Nelson Mandela Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bay_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality">Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_National_Stadium" title="Mandela National Stadium">Mandela National Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bridge" title="Nelson Mandela Bridge">Nelson Mandela Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital">Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bridges" title="Nelson Mandela Bridges">Ponts Nelson-Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_University" title="Nelson Mandela University">Nelson Mandela University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_(1987_film)" title="Mandela (1987 film)"><i>Mandela</i> (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Apartheid" title="Death of Apartheid"><i>Death of Apartheid</i> (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_(1996_film)" title="Mandela (1996 film)"><i>Mandela</i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_World_Voices:_Mandela" title="Palm World Voices: Mandela"><i>Mandela: Son of Africa, Father of a Nation</i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_de_Klerk" title="Mandela and de Klerk"><i>Mandela and de Klerk</i> (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodbye_Bafana" title="Goodbye Bafana"><i>Goodbye Bafana</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_(2009_film)" title="Endgame (2009 film)"><i>Endgame</i> (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invictus_(film)" title="Invictus (film)"><i>Invictus</i> (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Mandela_(film)" title="Winnie Mandela (film)"><i>Winnie Mandela</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela:_Long_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom"><i>Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom</i> (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela%27s_Gun" title="Mandela's Gun"><i>Mandela's Gun</i> (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngubengcuka" title="Ngubengcuka">Ngubengcuka</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life" title="Nelson Mandela">Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life" title="Nelson Mandela">Nosekeni Fanny</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Mase" title="Evelyn Mase">Evelyn Mase</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgatho_Mandela" title="Makgatho Mandela">Makgatho Mandela</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaziwe_Mandela" title="Makaziwe Mandela">Makaziwe Mandela</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenani_Mandela-Dlamini" title="Zenani Mandela-Dlamini">Zenani Mandela-Dlamini</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zindzi_Mandela" title="Zindzi Mandela">Zindzi Mandela</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndileka_Mandela" title="Ndileka Mandela">Ndileka Mandela</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandla_Mandela" title="Mandla Mandela">Mandla Mandela</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoleka_Mandela" title="Zoleka Mandela">Zoleka Mandela</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndaba_Mandela" title="Ndaba Mandela">Ndaba Mandela</a> (grandson)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela:_An_International_Tribute_for_a_Free_South_Africa" title="Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa">International Tribute Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiba_shirt" title="Madiba shirt">Madiba shirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nelson_Mandela" title="Free Nelson Mandela">"Free Nelson Mandela" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Day_(song)" title="Mandela Day (song)">"Mandela Day" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Citizen_%E2%80%93_EP_1" title="Global Citizen – EP 1">"Rise Up" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bring_Him_Back_Home_(Nelson_Mandela)" title="Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)">"Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_(EP)" title="Nelson Mandela (EP)"><i>Nelson Mandela</i> (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nelson_Mandela_(sculpture)" title="Free Nelson Mandela (sculpture)">Atlanta sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Cape_Town_City_Hall" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Cape Town City Hall">Cape Town City Hall statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Johannesburg">Johannesburg statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Parliament Square">London statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Union_Buildings" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Union Buildings">Pretoria statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Ayob" title="Ismail Ayob">Ismail Ayob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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