CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9179435cbd87fe87',cH: 'B7SkAjHApiuL0ZiMbivLmFnS9jba2s94sTtbf8CGZa0-1740502947-1.2.1.1-q6f31hMZx_kxRCBKT3G5mk1HARPNV.8Hs627_V5_CcDkwwBitvcBjf_0UfAXskAE',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/5759\/9253?__cf_chl_tk=8QpyU6ggcfnItMjRCiC41bZlLM4geBANeuEgxBkVaOE-1740502947-1.0.1.1-MRrOVphgvVQufvnxwHVCk8W.5T59k5AuSqsWYGlvkzk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740502947',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/5759\/9253?__cf_chl_f_tk=8QpyU6ggcfnItMjRCiC41bZlLM4geBANeuEgxBkVaOE-1740502947-1.0.1.1-MRrOVphgvVQufvnxwHVCk8W.5T59k5AuSqsWYGlvkzk",md: "0TH4TnetV5qWknaqLPJ2nqJR.sVUTCzdnEk8r.Ya5zc-1740502947-1.2.1.1-l5NeKCqPsLe4_bgO6mUBpY_gRS_Rqj0mzow_h1EAL0azLAu.7TbelKfM.qZQM4pWcx5VGHK3OavJLnmRTUcudWUB1DLYfKrw5XhNyu55QytmCOq6dtz4ZPg9lXcULdRG3nEgArO.8Sx.jlw6Zans3BONJk2NsjP8nUIiim44WOy7bmjvM6YDhnaU7ownPTpGA9_pSbtyg8NYycZjYwW1eEq_DJUXJlzg7Akrs.zL0MTVaDVIJ_IylP_xu8E0By8g.S944QKtlR_dbn81O6U8aMPRMgI1.XRLr8W5maJE.biQjWSxgUyiW8Q3reHO6GKB.aSdwJrfvvoQ6CczT6yd1d.dD_08jbKAHyoVaMNIKKIrVoa8QW9QxBFasMRLUpaLFHQ1ZEFPR8MrXoT3gAIGqsZ3qpFz7i1VBkCPrsr9j2mLwDSrZldjggKOIvMYhmh5Xhez7jXHT4OqKxVe6F2LXChJEVbQCGd7CGv7b6Pa3OQvOj1n8M.cagTd5eM1zQp4qgPQU9G4FIxGWZu2xMf.zMX5I3I2QPJ2cYPDmEzyY4KM9MeUMcxmcAiY081KUEyujOhTuu5Gkfn65KGQ5feUdhfYwZx.Ht4NB3e75DZS11jXtAkCCldcHBjljifWs6uYXpzrzAePCzsbuv6w8rJLI9eKa9x4xoH87P9hLr8VBha3frd74aamAuAi89MPe56WJG7nZbhFpqxYqhuLgAnnUkSsSPLX7lupc2tclEzkRVKQJQ4hDncnktgeR_EwOplmcIUHMkhR7QYkvLnP64PBpSk06yDauR8CMYMX2to2pvOWAJxZy3kQdG1iZPiYAs7_fHi4GKWK_vNjqvng5GzmIAXzXJVRC7Aw8NwCsFs2TO43PVLs6kCq7XuaHhvFKdaH1Noh0CNSHuEWt_2Tjjk.GQmoob8YU1vwmNSunGoqLQJrF.sa7FS1rJKOrtxKHOu9htj9jQAu06VFm6XOA9h5hda860Nbq6JFOja.BJz2vCXymJr88vny1FEQiBxy7egt2.VQA57bcgLwXF5c3IdnO0uXPVxWpIjnJGtH_oaYuxu92tOal42pDFdzgE.q0jY5WXHVvS3Z6cdqW9FWRGD3RmzNkNA73rYxN1vfxyWragrcH5HqAdKL_jGuh8AwSfCyJLHR0paOI5x.VKuwD.syqIvRakvwDWuLNc0JzHgrSi.JM5Ur4ClGZzr6yG3J2lNujtEld32DkwhWMQ6TuAM94lyI9TdiuVZ1aBhMaaIeZa.HsKJYcjMHXf1HX.oRYLBMX2YeugM7O4z.Sn7IPzsOA8MjhCB_X.D2b2HF5hHyDdSmx3R3bI5m.TvF.PBskW5PP.AwoxNEsfxtt1S0cncNtFW3l34HRFyExbubiwYyqjHE75EVx8QAaKGGb.PcyFCmnbrN5CybE1STbYEqWkmiypJHZjNRWO.YMjOl5_JKrqySPgYQVif1YDYvL4SaJ8cD1GB1cQiCAq5lNONcj5fVaOgRSolhOpu7DJdE25sJX6HLuitSBZkA1MKzpBYWa_bk7G.QUpMejqiYTJ96YTpm4kCRG7MI3hVYg11e3cu8cs7lkmEoN8U4T29sFuXZJ1vy8BmAnzwjNh1xQ2cZgj6e4aq7e.byXh9AtdrODxnyT2.82cEc31bjA9pGSiUdFGBkLhOWGGteJYLs8tX7b8Nwbsq1qvFZEKxT2PBZnHBQxkgzXtbbULGltByr9k.OcfjTnNHtwJxjegN3e9yoKWR7AreIRR_C2JQLSm7nx5ywhA.pYidHDPPbV9jJYYSwl20v_T5AOv5jq8IR44aSCSNbv4mNFWWkbByUDQcpFZvdZwzozKXlrtZZbduwQHTGQnpNcEj2sIKQ1HkFkHNboj4sXb9Dvmf1.ly7e_1VJlf89vBp.8R5b9qw7x5TMGkwHL.zY8QlBErQfuq9LcbvH8JP5RtrUHSPmzewZmJS9uHLos4",mdrd: "30MR7AprU.5KbsuZMuXa3fe5Nu4vKKG6017Kd3EipmM-1740502947-1.2.1.1-ALA02auq.Y7XpuDzJVWShnFCbH8CeIUpLvUVX1uUR1GZrUGr.tX5DP2ovRermRpSvCbBugJQKID3Mhg1A3SMgtyWArDVB3RkOkjVc5vC3l9oxbWh4TXH3zkPMngoaSHyiFaiHJLmQcka8wCAZ15UXLbAmXA7MrPTsjcDOGLHex67SuwrawG5sHT3QQu_YhPXB79CD17P8Rj6dW77C5leY7bP89NBKW4sP57MV.bu8WbRDhMqJnqcJQahLz.K94XXgSH3mh3HwsZw.KaMz.2Rt43gHgzdVr46.GZdXhD2396q5QERLunXfFC0AYVCkMlUH6VBFmKL602ONqwWE.tMyrkPnbHzrx3Rslqc3dF3rrzB2pJt8QKjFgaS5q1JBfbqiVlVaxKCdjAHYGOkDw2bmR53o8LuTksbvDiLDdM7McJpiYZQmwthkQMPZ_Ww40Q9YVf0AmDr09JxxxyKct_mZzNne9jrsOoZFjL4OKK6WJ1zoZD9xA_Guwspp4VTsaFQoRXY2hfawEnHQBFb6XihLt9BJUX8Cvt0CGolEezWJ.XycZhLS2AgEcQVRmd3n7y6ZJsl__R40TPJySBiMxiYu3aDWYAceWk_NNxiRrfyzcJbAxia5ujP_.pFVtgF_VFsIrXXYDTMQ2NpUE8Kbo.WVu_96it3S84qd3Xz_gFTCn6mG9Cj0oJ6nploWzXgzwznv2BUOU1F5ua.Y0TjmbXFj1H98bCp8bsexzAO1Wy8CNwHkmDOXRCYDKfxmzUpCzyFPVnQmoaFRRIeNDjoe5KBs5tMt4xUM7PvXJeGQvHm.Bq60FBb3nH2WiAC8V4OtxYZ2o_uXM1XK0AQpkVx_44rqSGT9aweHXTlNRGOIyE7MobX_BFP5C97gIss_5QcDJnJmb5j9kpaKJa0RiIJmtU8HDFGxpGyAAHbBEXcjUiX5Z8sr74PDW8.BzPColwsQhh37oSXkM2U0912yFlat3xp_IbEwZX7nyooRGwuti5lMkKs__fNilA.s7WRFovlpDWFUf6JxWWeEGVTpJ.0QS5FqWolZ2vDzZJiRzwBvNgbp_KVk_XndkzCfyKlZE4NppjtIO1bUoMycbez2dmdqK1jH3dJf.3DmUe1yccr1edd..xbs_6mJTgB4n9aH3iNXuGZPpBvVyR59WrZLsRLsBwlDEMa97A2fWZJUQKprY601ynbWEjZjvmOxpbUdwSqC0oPoXAeLLMNap4xF.EgrETDIQxCr28fKHC.K.8LvZLtvjqVx6KNFN.kKW0Uz7e0_uXQneicKrLbMz5OdcFZrMKMZMjIFezKORxc7x3P3MdpttH.2gGPi9SDxheAT8Z2XeofCLF1RdzgL8vPUV_ZEdYOcf9DA26qaXEmO2jSIWchu5hK8y3.wRalYxWl5hMCYsxeDCHq4Vpm.ZopD99mVJkh_9a54xflYOTwc6GPOJJlkuivkKsk3jFiTR3UKKldv2kR1OfwkAPPkjnMk235OU2mLWmQtgAhVnXNwm6DnWliTgv3CLlhy.fV3sM6Xpf6CEPX8UBCH42O2yfapNxBZYFBA.gOApi6ZX5KgRX5kjIbIBu8KDsgMzam6lnKw_aIgcU87seH.mcxmoO9gqQIfu3JYmVbeGtrl_nPD8XhQxtv_cst.6juS6frovYzbpRCfP3kT3zMsBLCeAEIEXp3ESMYPwcpCwd7lP3B7CbAFVhcGIN0KZu2Jfi3ouwSmlRv7gvE0XKfiK1OoPoaIiY36r6V2AmvCZuPvE_Ba7pm0WwuPTBnvAuyxps33k08Ihi1ALdjnw5gLFmRDgQIsE3zgsgjDScoUmtff3LzoK00.TG2DZ.MLSouVk7AjxiZ3I39ZT1nR3LxkmlTTFQVAZKTh_yqo5rguDp3R8Z0kgelDeyR_NQvr460N9YX4fjWWBiex58ysJFDGhsZVMFa2HaS8W..lXif0azFixNV2r0DbgEiiKE"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9179435cbd87fe87';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/5759\/9253?__cf_chl_rt_tk=8QpyU6ggcfnItMjRCiC41bZlLM4geBANeuEgxBkVaOE-1740502947-1.0.1.1-MRrOVphgvVQufvnxwHVCk8W.5T59k5AuSqsWYGlvkzk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>