CINXE.COM
从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸” - 纽约时报中文网
<!DOCTYPE html><html prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="zh"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><!-- Browser render --><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta name="renderer" content="webkit"><!-- End Browser render --><meta name="keywords" content=""><meta name="description" content="腾讯曾被视为无耻的抄袭者。如今通过向小企业投入资金、收购竞争对手而不是把它们逼上绝路,腾讯改变了自己的形象。但其垄断地位仍然会抑制竞争和创新。"><meta id="uuid" name="uuid" content="3b15e5d6b011553f49902dac856c50e4"><meta id="headline" name="headline" content="从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸” - 纽约时报中文网"><meta id="byline" name="byline" content="袁莉"><meta id="date" name="date" content="2021-06-07T01:55:01.000Z"><link rel="alternate" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" hreflang="zh-Hans"><link rel="alternate" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/zh-hant/" hreflang="zh-Hant"><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/technology/china-tencent-monopoly.html" hreflang="en-us"><link rel="canonical" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/rss/"><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=807498298, app-argument=nytimescn://article:3b15e5d6b011553f49902dac856c50e4"><meta name="lang" property="lang" content="zh-cmn-hans"><!-- Apple IOS safari private meta --><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144×144" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-ipad-144x144.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114×114" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-iphone-114x144.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-default-homescreen-57x57.png"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸” - 纽约时报中文网"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><!-- End Apple IOS safari private meta --><!-- Viewport and mobile --><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=no,maximum-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,minimal-ui"><!-- End viewport and mobile --><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"><meta name="x5-orientation" content="portrait"><meta name="full-screen" content="yes"><meta name="x5-fullscreen" content="true"><meta name="browsermode" content="application"><meta name="x5-page-mode" content="app"><meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no"><meta property="og:title" content="从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸”"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:url" content="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/"><meta property="og:description" content="腾讯曾被视为无耻的抄袭者。如今通过向小企业投入资金、收购竞争对手而不是把它们逼上绝路,腾讯改变了自己的形象。但其垄断地位仍然会抑制竞争和创新。"><meta property="og:site_name" content="纽约时报中文网"><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/nytimeschinese"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-06-07T01:55:01.000Z"><meta property="fb:pages" content="354478527979178"><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1752616314982485"><meta property="og:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/06/02/business/01Newworld-illo/01Newworld-illo-articleLarge.jpg"><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta property="twitter:url" content="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/"><meta property="twitter:title" content="从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸”"><meta property="twitter:description" content="腾讯曾被视为无耻的抄袭者。如今通过向小企业投入资金、收购竞争对手而不是把它们逼上绝路,腾讯改变了自己的形象。但其垄断地位仍然会抑制竞争和创新。"><meta property="twitter:domain" content="cn.nytimes.com"><meta property="twitter:site" content="@nytchinese"><meta property="twitter:creator" content="@nytchinese"><meta property="twitter:image:src" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/06/02/business/01Newworld-illo/01Newworld-illo-articleLarge.jpg"><meta name="PT" content="article"><meta name="PST" content="News"><meta name="CG" content="technology"><meta name="SCG" content=""><meta name="sourceApp" content="nyt-china-web"><meta name="ptime" content="20210602045922"><meta name="utime" content="20210607015501"><meta name="pdate" content="20210607"><meta name="dat" content="Jun. 02, 2021"><meta name="hdl" content="从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸”"><meta name="byl" content="袁莉"><meta name="lp" content="腾讯曾被视为无耻的抄袭者。如今通过向小企业投入资金、收购竞争对手而不是把它们逼上绝路,腾讯改变了自己的形象。但其垄断地位仍然会抑制竞争和创新。"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static01.nyt.com/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/css/nytcn_core/style-flex.min.css?v=f1810d8"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/css/web/style.min.css?v=f1810d8"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/css/nytcn_core/article.min.css?v=f1810d8"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/css/slideshow/slideshow.min.css?v=f1810d8"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/css/cookie-banner/style.min.css?v=f1810d8"><title>从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸” - 纽约时报中文网</title></head><script>var js_static_path = "https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/js"; var imgs_static_path = "https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/imgs"; var style_static_path = "https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style"; var site = 1; var sectionName = "technology"; var adTyp = "art"; var cookieString = { "title": "您的跟踪器设置", "headline": "我们使用 cookie 做什么?", "summary": '<p>我们利用cookies和类似的技术识别您的重复访问和偏好。我们还使用它们来衡量广告系列的效果,定位广告并分析和网站流量。更多关于cookies的信息(包括如何停用),<a id="JSCookiePolicyLink" href="https://www.nytimes.com/zh-hans/privacy/cookie-policy" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" data-testid="GDPR-policy">请查看我们的“Cookie政策”</a>。</p><p>自2020年7月20日起,我们将根据您在我们服务中所访问的内容类型向您显示我们认为与您的兴趣相关的广告。您可以<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/zh-hans/privacy/cookie-policy#how-do-i-manage-trackers" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" data-testid="GDPR-objection">提出反对</a>。希望了解更多信息,请参见我们的<a href="https://nytimes.com/zh-hans/privacy/privacy-policy#we-allow-for-personalized-advertising-on-times-services" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" data-testid="GDPR-privacy">隐私政策</a>。</p><p>通过在此处点击“我接受”或者“X”,您将被视为同意使用cookies。您随时可以通过我们的Cookie政策来更改您的跟踪器偏好。</p>', "button": "接受", "trackerButton": "您的跟踪器设置", "rejectButton": "拒绝所有", "lang": 'zh-hans', "trackerLink": "https://www.nytimes.com/zh-hans/privacy/cookie-policy", }; var purrString = { "button": "请勿出售/分享我的信息", "snackbar": "你的设置已经保存在此浏览器和设备上。如果你清除了 cookie,这些设置也会被清除。", "snackbarError": "Something went wrong", "optedOutText": "我们不再出售/分享您的个人信息", "CFALinkText": "California Notices", "purrOptOutTitle": "Your preference has been stored in this browser and device.", "purrOptOutSummary": "We will not sell or share your information, and you will be opted out of targeted advertising. If you clear your cookies, your preference will be forgotten.", "purrSnackbarOptedOut": "Based on your preference, we will not sell or share your information, and you have been opted out of targeted advertising. If you clear your cookies, your preference will be forgotten.", "limitSensitiveLink": "限制使用我的敏感信息", "lang": 'zh-hans' }; cbSectionName = "technology"; cbByline = "袁莉";</script><!-- Google Tag Manager --><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KTDZV8V');</script><!-- End Google Tag Manager --><!-- chartbeat --><script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script><!-- /chartbeat --><body class="news"><!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KTDZV8V" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --><nav class="row nav-bar"><ul class="nav-list"><li><a href="/world/" title="国际"><span>国际 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/china/" title="中国"><span>中国 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/business/" title="商业与经济"><span>商业与经济 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/lens/" title="镜头"><span>镜头 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/technology/" title="科技"><span>科技 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/science/" title="科学"><span>科学 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/health/" title="健康"><span>健康 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/education/" title="教育"><span>教育 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/culture/" title="文化"><span>文化 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/style/" title="风尚"><span>风尚 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/travel/" title="旅游"><span>旅游 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/real-estate/" title="房地产"><span>房地产 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li><li><a href="/opinion/" title="观点与评论"><span>观点与评论 </span><i class="icon icon-chevron-thin-right"></i></a></li></ul></nav><main class="container-fluid main clearfix"><header class="row title-bar"><div class="nav-button default" id="menuBtn"><i class="icon-bars"></i></div><h1 class="logo"><a href="/"><svg role="img" aria-label="" width="90%" height="90%"><image width="100%" height="100%" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/imgs/mweb/nytimes-zh-hans.svg" src="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/style/imgs/mweb/nytimes-zh-hans@2x.png" alt="" border="0"></image></svg></a></h1><div class="nav-button default" id="gearBtn"><i class="icon-gear"></i></div><div class="popup gear-popup"><div class="tips-container"><div class="tips-border"></div><div class="tips-inner"></div></div><div class="popup-container"><div class="popup-body"><div class="setting-title">简繁中文</div><div class="setting-option"><a href="/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/?changeLang=zh-hans" class="active">简体 </a><a href="/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/?changeLang=zh-hant">繁体</a></div><div class="setting-title">纽约时报 出版语言</div><ul class="menu-list"><li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/">ENGLISH (英语)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/es/">ESPAÑOL (西班牙语)</a></li></ul><div class="setting-title">字体大小</div><div class="setting-option"><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><label class="form-check-label"><input class="form-check-input font-size" type="radio" name="changeFontSizeRadio" value="small"> 小</label></div><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><label class="form-check-label"><input class="form-check-input font-size" type="radio" name="changeFontSizeRadio" value="normal" checked="checked"> 中</label></div><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><label class="form-check-label"><input class="form-check-input font-size" type="radio" name="changeFontSizeRadio" value="large"> 大</label></div><div class="form-check form-check-inline"><label class="form-check-label"><input class="form-check-input font-size" type="radio" name="changeFontSizeRadio" value="xlarge"> 超大</label></div></div></div></div></div></header><div class="top_banner_ad" id="topad" data-target="{"pos":"top","adv":""}"></div><div class="article-area"><div class="setting-bar row"><div class="col-4 section-title"><h3>科技</h3></div><div class="col-8 setting-btns"><div class="row"><div class="col-6"><ul class="dual-btn"><li><a href="javascript:;" class="active"><span class="setting-btn-text">中文</span> <span class="setting-btn-text-mobile">中</span></a></li><li><a href="/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/dual/"><span class="setting-btn-text">中英双语</span> <span class="setting-btn-text-mobile">双语</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/technology/china-tencent-monopoly.html" target="_blank"><span class="setting-btn-text">英文 <i class="icon-share-square"></i> </span><span class="setting-btn-text-mobile">英</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-6 share-tools-top-container"><ul class="share-tools mobile-article"><li><a href="http://v.t.sina.com.cn/share/share.php?&title=%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%8C%E5%88%B0%E2%80%9C%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E7%88%B8%E7%88%B8%E2%80%9D&url=https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" target="_blank"><i class="icon-weibo"></i></a></li><!-- <li> --><!-- <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="JS_shareForQrcode" data-url="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" data-headline="%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%8C%E5%88%B0%E2%80%9C%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E7%88%B8%E7%88%B8%E2%80%9D"> --><!-- <i class="icon-wechat"></i> --><!-- </a> --><!-- </li> --><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" trage="_blank"><i class="icon-facebook"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" target="_blank"><i class="icon-google"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/share?text=%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%8C%E5%88%B0%E2%80%9C%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E7%88%B8%E7%88%B8%E2%80%9D&url=https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" target="_blank"><i class="icon-twitter"></i></a></li><li><div class="line-it-button" data-lang="zh_Hant" data-type="share-g" data-url="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" style="display: none;"></div><script src="https://d.line-scdn.net/r/web/social-plugin/js/thirdparty/loader.min.js" async="async" defer="defer"></script></li><!-- <li> --><!-- <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="JS_shareForQrcode" data-url="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20210602/china-tencent-monopoly/" data-headline="%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%8C%E5%88%B0%E2%80%9C%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E7%88%B8%E7%88%B8%E2%80%9D"> --><!-- <i class="icon-qrcode"></i> --><!-- </a> --><!-- </li> --></ul><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div></div><article class="article-content font-normal"><div class="article-header"><header><small>新新世界</small><h1>从中国互联网业头号公敌到“腾讯爸爸”</h1></header><div class="byline-row"><div class="byline-box"><div class="byline"><address>袁莉</address><time pudate="2021-06-07 01:55:01" datetime="2021-06-07 01:55:01">2021年6月2日</time></div><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div><figure class="article-span-photo small-span-photo"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/06/02/business/01Newworld-illo/01Newworld-illo-master1050.jpg" width="1050" height="1119" alt=""><figcaption><span></span> <cite>Jialun Deng</cite></figcaption></figure><div class="row"><div class="article-left"><section class="article-body"><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">在创办了名为“美团”的Groupon式电商服务几个月后,王兴发现中国最大的互联网公司腾讯也开始做类似的业务。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“有什么业务是腾讯不做的吗?”他问道。</div><div class="article-paragraph">王兴的这句话被放在2010年一篇关于腾讯的杂志文章篇首,文章带脏字的标题也出了名,以至于刊出后不久两名高级编辑被解雇。杂志封面上是腾讯的吉祥物——一只胖乎乎的企鹅,戴着红围巾,身上插着几把刀子,血流如注。</div><div class="article-paragraph">看上去是很夸张,但在当时,腾讯被中国科技产业视为头号公敌。这家公司会毫不犹豫地剽窃他人的创意,让初创公司活不下去。公司的高管在产业大会和媒体采访中屡遭质问。创业者们称它是业内最厚颜无耻的抄袭者。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-0" data-target="{"pos":"mid1","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">十几年过去了,中国政府终于开始收紧该国最强大科技公司的缰绳——但这不包括腾讯,至少现在不包括。这家公司是被罚了一点钱,但政府的注意力主要在腾讯的对手、马云的阿里巴巴帝国。下一个目标?也许是腾讯<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.scmp.com/tech/policy/article/3131121/china-antitrust-fury-drops-upon-meituan-after-record-fine-alibaba">曾经的对手美团</a>。</div><div class="article-paragraph">只有中国反垄断监管机构知道究竟为什么腾讯至今没有成为他们关注的焦点。不过,作为中国最大、最具实力的科技公司,它在胜负上有着过多的决定权,也许最终还是会被盯上——可能也应该被盯上。</div><div class="article-paragraph">(路透社<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/exclusive-china-readies-tencent-penalty-antitrust-crackdown-sources-2021-04-29/">曾报道</a>中国政府在考虑对腾讯处以至少15.4亿美元的罚款,理由是没能就过去的收购和投资做出妥善披露,以供反垄断审查。如果此事为真,则比政府在4月对阿里巴巴做出的那笔<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/technology/china-alibaba-monopoly-fine.html">创纪录的28亿美元罚款</a>要少。)</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/06/02/business/02newworld-4/merlin_187108818_d29a707a-5fe2-43dd-80c3-a2bc23ccc00b-master1050.jpg" alt="4月,北京,一场科技展。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/06/02/business/02newworld-4/merlin_187108818_d29a707a-5fe2-43dd-80c3-a2bc23ccc00b-master1050.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>4月,北京,一场科技展。</span> <cite>Ng Han Guan/Associated Press</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph">但是其中一个原因也许是,如今业界不再大声疾呼打倒腾讯。事实上,腾讯在很多方面已经成为产业最大的、也是最具资金实力的啦啦队员。通过向小企业投入资金,收购竞争对手,而不是把它们逼上绝路,这家公司已经改变了自己的形象。</div><div class="article-paragraph">不再是头号公敌的腾讯,现在是一个不断扩张的科技帝国的开明君主。中国互联网产业有相当一部分属于所谓的腾讯生态系统。这其中包括成百上千家腾讯投资的公司,王兴的企业就是其一——腾讯现在是美团的第一大股东,持有21%的股份。(美团没有回应置评请求。)</div><div class="article-paragraph">“当腾讯抄袭的时候”,中国的科技公司没有倒下来,一篇被热转的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://tech.sina.com.cn/csj/2019-07-10/doc-ihytcitm0943052.shtml">博客</a>写道。“当腾讯把支票递过来后,他们便失去了抵抗的意志,纷纷投诚。”</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-1" data-target="{"pos":"mid2","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">腾讯与许多业界参与者保持的融洽关系,可能给公司带来了不少益处。但它仍然会抑制竞争,最终伤害到中国的10亿互联网用户。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“阿里和腾讯都掌握大量资源,”北京的技术顾问尹生说。“如果他们作恶的话危害都会很大。”</div><div class="article-paragraph">腾讯拒绝对本专栏置评。该公司曾表示会投资高质量和创新性公司,并且拥抱公平竞争。</div><div class="article-paragraph">很少有技术投资者和高管会公开谈论这两家公司。但即使是在私下对话中,当我收起笔和本子时,我听到了很多关于阿里巴巴如何对待它所投资的公司以及来自使用其平台的商家的抱怨——对此阿里巴巴做出了强烈否认。与此形成对比的是,同一拨人经常将腾讯及其创始人描述为正派、谦逊和举止得体。</div><div class="article-paragraph">这些友善的部分是出于业务需要。融洽的关系有助于巩固腾讯在中国的影响力。</div><div class="article-paragraph">腾讯在世界上是独一无二的。在许多层面上,它是真正的垄断者。它在中国发挥的影响力是Facebook、亚马逊(Amazon)、苹果(Apple)和谷歌(Google)梦寐以求的。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-2" data-target="{"pos":"mid3","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">腾讯是一个大型娱乐平台。它是全球最大的网游公司,拥有Riot Games和英佩游戏(Epic Games)的股份。它还拥有中国最大的网络视频、音乐和网络文学业务。</div><div class="article-paragraph">腾讯是风险投资者。根据上海研究公司胡润百富的数据,2020年,就其投资的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.hurun.net/zh-CN/Info/Detail?num=EH5O51YAJB9Khttps://www.hurun.net/zh-CN/Info/Detail?num=EH5O51YAJB9K">独角兽</a>(估值超过10亿美元的初创企业)<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.hurun.net/zh-CN/Info/Detail?num=EH5O51YAJB9K">数量</a>而言,它仅落后于硅谷投资公司红杉资本(Sequoia Capital)。根据它自己的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.tencent.com/en-us/articles/2201007.html">说法</a>,它已投资了800多家公司,其中包括Snap的12%股份和特斯拉(Tesla)的5%。相比之下,美国最活跃的企业风险投资部门、前身为谷歌风投的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.gv.com/">GV</a>投资了500多家公司。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/06/02/business/02SUBJPnewworld-print/merlin_182022450_6fd829d5-3c91-4f2c-bb21-a3df833b68d6-master1050.jpg" alt="腾讯的微信需要其他公司来保持其10亿用户对这款应用的粘性。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/06/02/business/02SUBJPnewworld-print/merlin_182022450_6fd829d5-3c91-4f2c-bb21-a3df833b68d6-master1050.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>腾讯的微信需要其他公司来保持其10亿用户对这款应用的粘性。</span> <cite>Richard A. Brooks/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph">最重要的是,腾讯是一个平台运营商。它运行微信,一款具有社交媒体和金融服务功能的移动消息应用程序。是微信业务让这个公司注重与其他公司交好。</div><div class="article-paragraph">微信需要其他公司来保持其10亿用户对这款应用的粘性。微信本身就像一个操作系统和一个应用商店,它允许用户运行由其他公司创建和运营的小程序。这些用户可以使用微信的支付系统进行购买。特斯拉、爱彼迎(Airbnb)和星巴克(Starbucks)都有自己的微信小程序。大多数中国主要网站也是如此——除了那些被微信禁止的网站。</div><div class="article-paragraph">这就是腾讯在行业内的良好关系变得重要的地方。关系友好的公司为微信开发小程序。腾讯投资中国的网约车和共享单车公司是因为他们的用户支付频繁,腾讯希望他们使用微信支付。</div><div class="article-paragraph">腾讯首席执行官马化腾常说,腾讯一半的生命掌握在其投资的公司和合作伙伴手中。“你成长起来了,我们也成长起来了,你失败了我们这个平台也失败了,”他在2016年的一个电视谈话节目中说道。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-3" data-target="{"pos":"mid4","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">这掩盖了腾讯与许多受它影响的小公司之间巨大的权力不平衡。拼多多的创始人黄峥<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.sohu.com/a/227316173_618578">在2018年的一次采访</a>中暗示了这一点,他在采访中抱怨微信拒绝帮助审查针对其购物平台上有假冒商品的指控。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“因为我死了腾讯不会死,”他说,“腾讯有千千万万个儿子。”</div><div class="article-paragraph">无论腾讯的行为多么得体或谦虚,它都是一个巨大的企业集团,去年的利润为240亿美元,其中大部分用于投资。胜负由它来决定,但胜者并不总是业界最好的,从而损害了创新和效率。</div><div class="article-paragraph">它限制用户访问其他产品和服务。微信不允许用户分享阿里巴巴的网上市场淘宝上的商品链接,或TikTok的中国姊妹公司抖音上的短视频。<b>(</b>其他平台也会屏蔽腾讯的服务。)2019年1月,当三个社交消息应用推出时,它们立即在微信上被屏蔽。</div><div class="article-paragraph">抖音的母公司字节跳动(ByteDance)带来了一家公司自力更生的可能性。在早期,字节跳动的创始人张一鸣为了阻止腾讯的进犯,收了它的一笔小额投资,但拒绝建立更紧密的联系。针对腾讯将在2016年投资字节跳动的传闻,张一鸣写道,他创办字节跳动并不是为了成为腾讯员工。他贴出了歌曲《<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUZoK20_KYQ">要么做大,要么回家</a>》(Go Big or Go Home)的歌词。</div><div class="article-paragraph">字节跳动的自力更生得到了回报。它现在价值近4000亿美元,拥有一些极受欢迎的网络内容应用,包括第一个成为全球现象的中国互联网产品TikTok。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-4" data-target="{"pos":"mid5","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">腾讯讨好的不只是这个行业。长期以来,它也一直试图接近政府。与有时<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20201228/china-jack-ma-alibaba/">桀骜不驯</a>的阿里巴巴相比,腾讯长期以来一直公开强调愿意全面遵守规章制度。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“现在我认为我们应该更多地了解政府关心的是什么,社会关心的是什么,并且更加合规,”腾讯总裁刘炽平在1月的财报电话会议上表示。腾讯高管在电话中六次使用“合规”一词。</div><div class="article-paragraph">今年4月,该公司表示将在绿色能源、教育、乡村振兴等习近平主席最喜欢的主题上投入78亿美元。在网络评论员洪波看来,腾讯是在自保。</div><div class="article-paragraph">他说:“就是从经营安全的角度你必须得看起来承担更多的社会责任。”</div></div><div class="article-body-aside col-lg-3"></div></div></section><footer class="author-info"><p>袁莉为《纽约时报》撰写“<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/topic/20180823/the-new-new-world/">新新世界</a>”专栏,专注中国及亚洲科技、商业和政治交叉议题。欢迎在Twitter上关注她 <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/liyuan6">@liyuan6</a>。</p><p>翻译:纽约时报中文网</p><p><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/technology/china-tencent-monopoly.html">点击查看本文英文版。</a></p></footer></div></div></article><div class="container article-footer"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-12 mobile-refer-cont" id="J_hideRefer"><div class="related-cont"><h4>相关报道</h4><ul class="refer-list"><li class="link-refer"><div class="refer-list-item"><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/topic/20180823/the-new-new-world/" title=""><div><h3 class="refer-list-headline">袁莉专栏:新新世界</h3></div></a></div></li><li class="article-refer"><div class="refer-list-item"><a href="/business/20210429/china-internet-monopoly-online/" title="中国科技巨头的“狗咬狗”式竞争"><div><h3 class="refer-list-headline">中国科技巨头的“狗咬狗”式竞争</h3><p class="refer-pubdate">2021年4月29日</p></div><img alt="中国科技巨头的“狗咬狗”式竞争" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/04/28/business/28NewWorld-illo/28NewWorld-illo-thumbLarge.jpg" width="75" height="75"></a></div></li><li class="article-refer"><div class="refer-list-item"><a href="/technology/20210422/jack-ma-alibaba-tycoons/" title="马云“消失”为中国富豪带来的启示"><div><h3 class="refer-list-headline">马云“消失”为中国富豪带来的启示</h3><p class="refer-pubdate">2021年4月22日</p></div><img alt="马云“消失”为中国富豪带来的启示" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/04/20/business/00china-tycoons-1/00china-tycoons-1-thumbLarge.jpg" width="75" height="75"></a></div></li><li class="article-refer"><div class="refer-list-item"><a href="/technology/20201228/china-jack-ma-alibaba/" title="中国为何向马云“开战”?"><div><h3 class="refer-list-headline">中国为何向马云“开战”?</h3><p class="refer-pubdate">2020年12月28日</p></div><img alt="中国为何向马云“开战”?" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2020/12/23/business/00newworld-illo/00newworld-illo-thumbLarge.jpg" width="75" height="75"></a></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-lg-12"><div class="related hot_article"><h5 class="related-title">最受欢迎</h5><ol class="related-articles"><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20241129/china-military-official-corruption-allegations/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>解放军高层再次震荡:中央军委委员苗华被停职</h4><img alt="解放军高层再次震荡:中央军委委员苗华被停职" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/28/multimedia/28-china-military-pgvc/28-china-military-pgvc-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20241128/china-retaliation-skydio/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>中国对抗特朗普的新招数:发起“供应链战争”</h4><img alt="中国对抗特朗普的新招数:发起“供应链战争”" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/27/multimedia/00China-Retaliation-01-cftb/00China-Retaliation-01-cftb-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20241129/china-journalist-dong-yuyu/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>《光明日报》资深编辑董郁玉因“间谍罪”被判刑七年</h4><img alt="《光明日报》资深编辑董郁玉因“间谍罪”被判刑七年" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/12/24/multimedia/24china-journalist-01-tmzp-lvfg/24china-journalist-01-tmzp-lvfg-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20241129/china-sanitary-pads-women/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>中国女性为何发起抵制“黑心卫生巾”运动</h4><img alt="中国女性为何发起抵制“黑心卫生巾”运动" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/28/multimedia/28china-women-gftb/28china-women-gftb-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20241128/us-china-prisoner-swap/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>中美换囚:三名美国人获释,一人曾为FBI线人</h4><img alt="中美换囚:三名美国人获释,一人曾为FBI线人" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/27/multimedia/27china-swap-zpwl/27china-swap-zpwl-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20241129/baltic-sea-cables-chinese-ship/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>波罗的海电缆断裂,中国商船被欧盟船只包围监视</h4><img alt="波罗的海电缆断裂,中国商船被欧盟船只包围监视" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/28/multimedia/28china-cable-mhwg/28china-cable-mhwg-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/culture/20241122/banana-auction-explainer-cattelan/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>天价香蕉:它为什么值620万美元?买家孙宇晨是谁?</h4><img alt="天价香蕉:它为什么值620万美元?买家孙宇晨是谁?" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/23/multimedia/21auction-banana-explainer-01-bklf/21auction-banana-explainer-01-bklf-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20241128/volkswagen-xinjiang-saic/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>大众汽车宣布退出新疆</h4><img alt="大众汽车宣布退出新疆" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/27/multimedia/27China-VW-tblv/27China-VW-tblv-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20241128/byd-china-electric-vehicles/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>价格战愈演愈烈,中国车企要求供应商降价</h4><img alt="价格战愈演愈烈,中国车企要求供应商降价" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/27/multimedia/27china-byd-tjgk/27china-byd-tjgk-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20180326/shen-zhihua-china-history-north-korea/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>学者沈志华:盼共产党将隐秘历史公诸于世</h4><img alt="学者沈志华:盼共产党将隐秘历史公诸于世" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/03/24/world/asia/24Historian1/24Historian1-thumbLarge.jpg"></article></a></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div><nav class="nav-footer container"><header><h2><a href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 184 25" fill="#000"><path d="M13.8 2.9c0-2-1.9-2.5-3.4-2.5v.3c.9 0 1.6.3 1.6 1 0 .4-.3 1-1.2 1-.7 0-2.2-.4-3.3-.8C6.2 1.4 5 1 4 1 2 1 .6 2.5.6 4.2c0 1.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.2l.1-.2c-.2-.2-.5-.4-.5-1 0-.4.4-1.1 1.4-1.1.9 0 2.1.4 3.7.9 1.4.4 2.9.7 3.7.8v3.1L9 10.2v.1l1.5 1.3v4.3c-.8.5-1.7.6-2.5.6-1.5 0-2.8-.4-3.9-1.6l4.1-2V6l-5 2.2C3.6 6.9 4.7 6 5.8 5.4l-.1-.3c-3 .8-5.7 3.6-5.7 7 0 4 3.3 7 7 7 4 0 6.6-3.2 6.6-6.5h-.2c-.6 1.3-1.5 2.5-2.6 3.1v-4.1l1.6-1.3v-.1l-1.6-1.3V5.8c1.5 0 3-1 3-2.9zm-8.7 11l-1.2.6c-.7-.9-1.1-2.1-1.1-3.8 0-.7 0-1.5.2-2.1l2.1-.9v6.2zm10.6 2.3l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.1-.2-.8.5-1-1V9.4l.8-.6 1.7 1.4v6.1c0 3.8-.8 4.4-2.5 5v.3c2.8.1 5.4-.8 5.4-5.7V9.3l.9-.7-.2-.2-.8.6-2.5-2.1L18.5 9V.8h-.2l-3.5 2.4v.2c.4.2 1 .4 1 1.5l-.1 11.3zM34 15.1L31.5 17 29 15v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.6l-1 .8.2.2.9-.7 3.4 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.4zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zM53.1 2c0-.3-.1-.6-.2-.9h-.2c-.3.8-.7 1.2-1.7 1.2-.9 0-1.5-.5-1.9-.9l-2.9 3.3.2.2 1-.9c.6.5 1.1.9 2.5 1v8.3L44 3.2c-.5-.8-1.2-1.9-2.6-1.9-1.6 0-3 1.4-2.8 3.6h.3c.1-.6.4-1.3 1.1-1.3.5 0 1 .5 1.3 1v3.3c-1.8 0-3 .8-3 2.3 0 .8.4 2 1.6 2.3v-.2c-.2-.2-.3-.4-.3-.7 0-.5.4-.9 1.1-.9h.5v4.2c-2.1 0-3.8 1.2-3.8 3.2 0 1.9 1.6 2.8 3.4 2.7v-.2c-1.1-.1-1.6-.6-1.6-1.3 0-.9.6-1.3 1.4-1.3.8 0 1.5.5 2 1.1l2.9-3.2-.2-.2-.7.8c-1.1-1-1.7-1.3-3-1.5V5l8 14h.6V5c1.5-.1 2.9-1.3 2.9-3zm7.3 13.1L57.9 17l-2.5-2v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.6l-1 .8.2.2.9-.7 3.4 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.4zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zM76.7 8l-.7.5-1.9-1.6-2.2 2 .9.9v7.5l-2.4-1.5V9.6l.8-.5-2.3-2.2-2.2 2 .9.9V17l-.3.2-2.1-1.5v-6c0-1.4-.7-1.8-1.5-2.3-.7-.5-1.1-.8-1.1-1.5 0-.6.6-.9.9-1.1v-.2c-.8 0-2.9.8-2.9 2.7 0 1 .5 1.4 1 1.9s1 .9 1 1.8v5.8l-1.1.8.2.2 1-.8 2.3 2 2.5-1.7 2.8 1.7 5.3-3.1V9.2l1.3-1-.2-.2zm18.6-5.5l-1 .9-2.2-2-3.3 2.4V1.6h-.3l.1 16.2c-.3 0-1.2-.2-1.9-.4l-.2-13.5c0-1-.7-2.4-2.5-2.4s-3 1.4-3 2.8h.3c.1-.6.4-1.1 1-1.1s1.1.4 1.1 1.7v3.9c-1.8.1-2.9 1.1-2.9 2.4 0 .8.4 2 1.6 2V13c-.4-.2-.5-.5-.5-.7 0-.6.5-.8 1.3-.8h.4v6.2c-1.5.5-2.1 1.6-2.1 2.8 0 1.7 1.3 2.9 3.3 2.9 1.4 0 2.6-.2 3.8-.5 1-.2 2.3-.5 2.9-.5.8 0 1.1.4 1.1.9 0 .7-.3 1-.7 1.1v.2c1.6-.3 2.6-1.3 2.6-2.8s-1.5-2.4-3.1-2.4c-.8 0-2.5.3-3.7.5-1.4.3-2.8.5-3.2.5-.7 0-1.5-.3-1.5-1.3 0-.8.7-1.5 2.4-1.5.9 0 2 .1 3.1.4 1.2.3 2.3.6 3.3.6 1.5 0 2.8-.5 2.8-2.6V3.7l1.2-1-.2-.2zm-4.1 6.1c-.3.3-.7.6-1.2.6s-1-.3-1.2-.6V4.2l1-.7 1.4 1.3v3.8zm0 3c-.2-.2-.7-.5-1.2-.5s-1 .3-1.2.5V9c.2.2.7.5 1.2.5s1-.3 1.2-.5v2.6zm0 4.7c0 .8-.5 1.6-1.6 1.6h-.8V12c.2-.2.7-.5 1.2-.5s.9.3 1.2.5v4.3zm13.7-7.1l-3.2-2.3-4.9 2.8v6.5l-1 .8.1.2.8-.6 3.2 2.4 5-3V9.2zm-5.4 6.3V8.3l2.5 1.8v7.1l-2.5-1.7zm14.9-8.4h-.2c-.3.2-.6.4-.9.4-.4 0-.9-.2-1.1-.5h-.2l-1.7 1.9-1.7-1.9-3 2 .1.2.8-.5 1 1.1v6.3l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.4 2 3.1-2.1-.1-.2-.9.5-1.2-1V9c.5.5 1.1 1 1.8 1 1.4.1 2.2-1.3 2.3-2.9zm12 9.6L123 19l-4.6-7 3.3-5.1h.2c.4.4 1 .8 1.7.8s1.2-.4 1.5-.8h.2c-.1 2-1.5 3.2-2.5 3.2s-1.5-.5-2.1-.8l-.3.5 5 7.4 1-.6v.1zm-11-.5l-1.3 1 .2.2.6-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.2-.2-.8.5-1-1V.8h-.1l-3.6 2.4v.2c.4.2 1 .3 1 1.5v11.3zM143 2.9c0-2-1.9-2.5-3.4-2.5v.3c.9 0 1.6.3 1.6 1 0 .4-.3 1-1.2 1-.7 0-2.2-.4-3.3-.8-1.3-.4-2.5-.8-3.5-.8-2 0-3.4 1.5-3.4 3.2 0 1.5 1.1 2 1.5 2.2l.1-.2c-.3-.2-.6-.4-.6-1 0-.4.4-1.1 1.4-1.1.9 0 2.1.4 3.7.9 1.4.4 2.9.7 3.7.8V9l-1.5 1.3v.1l1.5 1.3V16c-.8.5-1.7.6-2.5.6-1.5 0-2.8-.4-3.9-1.6l4.1-2V6l-5 2.2c.5-1.3 1.6-2.2 2.6-2.9l-.1-.2c-3 .8-5.7 3.5-5.7 6.9 0 4 3.3 7 7 7 4 0 6.6-3.2 6.6-6.5h-.2c-.6 1.3-1.5 2.5-2.6 3.1v-4.1l1.6-1.3v-.1L140 8.8v-3c1.5 0 3-1 3-2.9zm-8.7 11l-1.2.6c-.7-.9-1.1-2.1-1.1-3.8 0-.7.1-1.5.3-2.1l2.1-.9-.1 6.2zm12.2-12h-.1l-2 1.7v.1l1.7 1.9h.2l2-1.7v-.1l-1.8-1.9zm3 14.8l-.8.5-1-1V9.3l1-.7-.2-.2-.7.6-1.8-2.1-2.9 2 .2.3.7-.5.9 1.1v6.5l-1.3 1 .1.2.7-.5 2.2 2 3-2-.1-.3zm16.7-.1l-.7.5-1.1-1V9.3l1-.8-.2-.2-.8.7-2.3-2.1-3 2.1-2.3-2.1L154 9l-1.8-2.1-2.9 2 .1.3.7-.5 1 1.1v6.5l-.8.8 2.3 1.9 2.2-2-.9-.9V9.3l.9-.6 1.5 1.4v6l-.8.8 2.3 1.9 2.2-2-.9-.9V9.3l.8-.5 1.6 1.4v6l-.7.7 2.3 2.1 3.1-2.1v-.3zm8.7-1.5l-2.5 1.9-2.5-2v-1.2l4.7-3.2v-.1l-2.4-3.6-5.2 2.8v6.8l3.5 2.5 4.5-3.6-.1-.3zm-5-1.7V8.5l.2-.1 2.2 3.5-2.4 1.5zm14.1-.9l-1.9-1.5c1.3-1.1 1.8-2.6 1.8-3.6v-.6h-.2c-.2.5-.6 1-1.4 1-.8 0-1.3-.4-1.8-1L176 9.3v3.6l1.7 1.3c-1.7 1.5-2 2.5-2 3.3 0 1 .5 1.7 1.3 2l.1-.2c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.4-.8 0-.3.4-.8 1.2-.8 1 0 1.6.7 1.9 1l4.3-2.6v-3.6h-.1zm-1.1-3c-.7 1.2-2.2 2.4-3.1 3l-1.1-.9V8.1c.4 1 1.5 1.8 2.6 1.8.7 0 1.1-.1 1.6-.4zm-1.7 8c-.5-1.1-1.7-1.9-2.9-1.9-.3 0-1.1 0-1.9.5.5-.8 1.8-2.2 3.5-3.2l1.2 1 .1 3.6z"></path></svg></a></h2></header><div class="mobile-nav-list"><ul><li><a href="/world/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">国际</a></li><li><a href="/china/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">中国</a></li><li><a href="/business/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">商业与经济</a></li><li><a href="/lens/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">镜头</a></li><li><a href="/technology/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">科技</a></li><li><a href="/science/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">科学</a></li><li><a href="/health/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">健康</a></li><li><a href="/education/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">教育</a></li><li><a href="/culture/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">文化</a></li><li><a href="/style/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">风尚</a></li><li><a href="/travel/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">旅游</a></li><li><a href="/real-estate/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">房地产</a></li><li><a href="/opinion/?utm_source=nav-footer-mobile">观点与评论</a></li></ul></div><div class="nav-list-cont"><ul class="nav-list"><li><a href="/world/?utm_source=nav-footer">国际</a><ul class="sub-nav-list"><li><a href="/asia-pacific/?utm_source=nav-footer">亚太</a></li><li><a href="/south-asia/?utm_source=nav-footer">南亚</a></li><li><a href="/usa/?utm_source=nav-footer">美国</a></li><li><a href="/americas/?utm_source=nav-footer">美洲</a></li><li><a href="/europe/?utm_source=nav-footer">欧洲</a></li><li><a href="/mideast/?utm_source=nav-footer">中东</a></li><li><a href="/africa/?utm_source=nav-footer">非洲</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/china/?utm_source=nav-footer">中国</a><ul class="sub-nav-list"><li><a href="/policy/?utm_source=nav-footer">时政</a></li><li><a href="/china-ec/?utm_source=nav-footer">经济</a></li><li><a href="/society/?utm_source=nav-footer">社会</a></li><li><a href="/foreign-relations/?utm_source=nav-footer">中外关系</a></li><li><a href="/hk-taiwan/?utm_source=nav-footer">港澳台</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/business/?utm_source=nav-footer">商业与经济</a><ul class="sub-nav-list"><li><a href="/global-ec/?utm_source=nav-footer">全球经济</a></li><li><a href="/china-ec/?utm_source=nav-footer">中国经济</a></li><li><a href="/dealbook/?utm_source=nav-footer">交易录</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/culture/?utm_source=nav-footer">文化</a><ul class="sub-nav-list"><li><a href="/books/?utm_source=nav-footer">阅读</a></li><li><a href="/art/?utm_source=nav-footer">艺术</a></li><li><a href="/film-tv/?utm_source=nav-footer">电影与电视</a></li><li><a href="/sports/?utm_source=nav-footer">体育</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/style/?utm_source=nav-footer">风尚</a><ul class="sub-nav-list"><li><a href="/fashion/?utm_source=nav-footer">时尚</a></li><li><a href="/food-wine/?utm_source=nav-footer">美食与美酒</a></li><li><a href="/lifestyle/?utm_source=nav-footer">生活方式</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/opinion/?utm_source=nav-footer">观点与评论</a><ul class="sub-nav-list"><li><a href="/op-column/?utm_source=nav-footer">专栏作者</a></li><li><a href="/op-ed/?utm_source=nav-footer">观点</a></li><li><a href="/cartoon/?utm_source=nav-footer">漫画</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="//?utm_source=nav-footer">更多</a><ul class="sub-nav-list"><li><a href="/lens/?utm_source=nav-footer">镜头</a></li><li><a href="/technology/?utm_source=nav-footer">科技</a></li><li><a href="/bits/?utm_source=nav-footer">科技公司</a></li><li><a href="/personal-tech/?utm_source=nav-footer">科技与你</a></li><li><a href="/science/?utm_source=nav-footer">科学</a></li><li><a href="/health/?utm_source=nav-footer">健康</a></li><li><a href="/education/?utm_source=nav-footer">教育</a></li><li><a href="/travel/?utm_source=nav-footer">旅游</a></li><li><a href="/real-estate/?utm_source=nav-footer">房地产</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></nav><div class="download"><p>免费下载 纽约时报中文网<br><span>iOS 和 Android App</span></p><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/app/apple-store/id807498298?pt=13036&ct=mnews-article&mt=8" target="_blank" class="apple-store-icon" title="点击下载iOS App"><span class="visually-hidden">点击下载iOS App</span> </a><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nytimes.cn" class="google-play-icon" target="_blank" title="点击下载Android App"><span class="visually-hidden">点击下载Android App</span></a></div><footer class="row copy-footer">© 2024 The New York Times Company.</footer><script src="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/js/libs/require.js?v=f1810d8"></script><script src="https://d1f1eryiqyjs0r.cloudfront.net/js/web/article.min.js?v=f1810d8"></script></main></body></html>