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Our Team: The Conversation
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href="/us/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/us/corrections">Corrections</a></li> </ul> </nav> </aside> <section class="grid-twelve grid-last"> <h1 class="legacy page-header">Our team and boards</h1> <nav class="pill"> <ul> <li><a href="#leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="#editorial">Editorial</a></li> <li><a href="#university-relations">University Relations</a></li> <li><a href="#media-outreach">Media Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="#development-and-operations">Development and Operations</a></li> <li><a href="#board-of-trustees">Board of Trustees</a></li> <li><a href="#founder-and-former-board-chair">Founder and Former Board Chair</a></li> </ul> </nav> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Leadership <a name="leadership"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Back to Top</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="beth-daley"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Beth Daley" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/699850/width170/image-20241113-15-k4mjvk.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Beth Daley</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:beth.daley@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Executive Editor and General Manager</p> </header> <p>A Pulitzer Prize finalist for climate reporting at the Boston Globe, Beth also worked at the New England Center for Investigative Reporting as a reporter and director of partnerships. As Director of Strategic Development at InsideClimate, she worked to diversify the Pulitzer Prize-winning news outlet's revenue stream. She attended Stanford University as a John S. Knight Journalism Fellow in 2011/2012. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="bruce-g-wilson-jr"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Bruce G. Wilson Jr" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/136107/width170/image-20190611-32317-2pfuy2.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Bruce G. Wilson Jr</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:bruce.wilson@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Chief University and Foundation Relations Officer</p> </header> <p>Bruce helped launch The Conversation US after spending his entire career working at the intersection of academic leadership and media. He previously worked as the Director of Higher Education at NBC Learn, a division of NBC News, and prior to that spent the bulk of his career at The Chronicles of Higher Education and Philanthropy, where he was publisher from 2003 - 2009.</p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Editorial <a name="editorial"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Back to Top</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="bryan-keogh"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Bryan Keogh" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/140315/width170/image-20220419-19989-6mgarp.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Bryan Keogh</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:bryan.keogh@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Managing Editor</p> </header> <p>Before joining The Conversation in 2014, Bryan spent the previous decade writing and editing on business, finance and economics topics, most recently as the editor of a business magazine based in Beirut. Before that, he covered corporate finance for Bloomberg News in London and New York. He earned his master's from New York University's Business and Economic Reporting program in 2007 and studied journalism and philosophy at the University of Minnesota. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="emily-costello"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Emily Costello" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/180511/width170/image-20220618-17-gtmtdk.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Emily Costello</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:emily.costello@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Director of Collaborations + Local News</p> </header> <p>Beginning in the summer of 2023, Emily is working on an initiative to regionalize The Conversation's model and forge additional collaborations to support local news organizations. Part of this work involves building trust between universities and local reporters. Emily is a graduate of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and Barnard College. She is a member of the first journalism cohort for Take the Lead: 50 Women Can Change the World. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="martin-lamonica"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Martin LaMonica" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/149768/width170/image-20241119-15-gb85eb.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Martin LaMonica</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:martin.lamonica@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Director of Editorial Projects and Newsletters</p> </header> <p>Martin has worked as a reporter and editor for more than 30 years at digital and print publications. Before joining The Conversation, he wrote regularly on energy, science and technology, and business for MIT Technology Review, the Boston Globe and the Guardian. He previously worked as a reporter at CNET News/CBS Interactive and was executive editor at a Silicon Valley-based business technology newspaper. He started his journalism career in Paris where he worked for five years.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="jamaal-abdul-alim"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Jamaal Abdul-Alim" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/423951/width170/image-20180123-182938-10605q9.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Jamaal Abdul-Alim</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:jamaal@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Education Editor</p> </header> <p>Jamaal is an award-winning journalist who hails from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He broke into the news business as a crime reporter at the old Milwaukee Sentinel during his undergraduate years at the University of Wisconsin — Milwaukee ('96). He covered higher education for more than a decade, mostly as a freelancer in Washington, D.C., during the Obama and Trump administrations. His articles have appeared in publications that range from The Wall Street Journal to US News & World Report.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="jeff-inglis"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Jeff Inglis" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/219344/width170/image-20160606-13067-uacst9.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Jeff Inglis</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:jeff.inglis@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Politics + Society Editor</p> </header> <p>Jeff has three decades of experience working for news organizations in Antarctica, New Zealand, Vermont, Missouri, Maine and Massachusetts. He has covered many topics in politics, society, science and technology, and beyond. He has a BA in history from Middlebury College and an MA in journalism from the University of Missouri-Columbia.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="molly-jackson"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Molly Jackson" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1260058/width170/image-20210813-22-11wogfk.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Molly Jackson</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:molly.jackson@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Religion and Ethics Editor</p> </header> <p>Molly comes to The Conversation after editing international news at The Christian Science Monitor. Previously, she worked in education, including several years as a literature and writing teacher in Hong Kong. She holds a BA in sociology and English from Williams College and an Ed.M. from Harvard Graduate School of Education. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="kate-kilpatrick"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Kate Kilpatrick" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1162846/width170/image-20201006-22-f5y2dh.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Kate Kilpatrick</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Philadelphia Editor</p> </header> <p>Kate has worked as a reporter, editor and executive producer in a variety of newsrooms, including Philadelphia Weekly, NBC, The Washington Post, Al Jazeera America, AJ+ and TRT World in Istanbul. She received her bachelor's in print journalism from NYU, and master's in multimedia journalism from University of California Berkeley. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="kalpana-jain"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Kalpana Jain" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/153213/width170/image-20150507-1239-186lq3a.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Kalpana Jain</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:kalpana.jain@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Senior Religion + Ethics Editor/ Director of the Global Religion Journalism Initiative</p> </header> <p>Kalpana has worked as an editor, writer and researcher at Harvard University. A 2009 Nieman Fellow at Harvard, she pursued many social justice issues as a journalist at The Times of India. Her case study on modern-day slavery is part of a Harvard course, and her book on the AIDS epidemic in India is taught at many Indian universities. She holds a Master in Theological Studies from Harvard Divinity School.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="vivian-lam"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Vivian Lam" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1227770/width170/image-20210504-22-1bqgbqj.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Vivian Lam</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:Vivian.lam@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Associate Health and Biomedicine Editor</p> </header> <p>Vivian previously worked as a clinical researcher at UCSF and currently serves on the editorial board for narrative medicine journal Intima. They earned their BA in human biology and comparative literature from Stanford, where they wrote and edited for a number of campus and medical publications.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="nick-lehr"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Nick Lehr" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/140721/width170/image-20200731-14-1m6gaks.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Nick Lehr</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:nick.lehr@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Arts + Culture Editor</p> </header> <p>Nick has been The Conversation's Arts + Culture editor since our launch in 2014. His work has appeared in The Boston Globe, the Cut, the Christian Science Monitor and Salon.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="amy-lieberman"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Amy Lieberman" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1295161/width170/image-20220131-140030-1cpp1a6.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Amy Lieberman</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:amy.lieberman@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Politics + Society Editor</p> </header> <p>Amy previously worked as a U.N. reporter and opinions editor for Devex. She also worked as a freelance reporter covering politics, human rights, and climate change for various news sites, including The Guardian and The Atlantic. Amy earned her master's degree in politics and government from Columbia Journalism School in 2014 and received her bachelor's degree in English literature from Macalester College. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="mary-magnuson"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Mary Magnuson" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1349888/width170/image-20220801-70681-p95iey.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Mary Magnuson</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:mary.magnuson@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Associate Science Editor</p> </header> <p>Mary completed an AAAS Mass Media Fellowship with The Conversation U.S. in 2022 before joining the science team in 2023. Mary holds a master's degree in environment and resources from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she studied community coexistence with urban wildlife, as well as a BS degree in conservation biology and life sciences communication from the same institution. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="amanda-mascarelli"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Amanda Mascarelli" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1238250/width170/image-20210812-18-154yacj.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Amanda Mascarelli</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:amanda.mascarelli@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Senior Health and Medicine Editor</p> </header> <p>Amanda was a 2020-2021 Ted Scripps Fellowship in Environmental Journalism at the University of Colorado, where she spent the academic year studying health disparities. From 2015 to 2020, she was the founding managing editor of Sapiens, an award-winning digital magazine focused on anthropology. Her writing has been published in National Geographic, Nature, Science, Science News for Students, The New York Times, and The Washington Post.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="stacy-morford"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Stacy Morford" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1007137/width170/image-20200327-146666-1e5fkyt.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Stacy Morford</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:stacy.morford@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Environment + Climate Editor</p> </header> <p>Stacy was an Associated Press national editor and state government reporter for over a decade. She also covered science, climate change and sustainable development as an editor at InsideClimate News and as a communications officer at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and at the World Bank. She has a master's degree in education psychology focused on cognition and learning. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="kim-patch"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Kim Patch" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1472815/width170/image-20231205-21-jt2woa.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Kim Patch</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:kim.patch@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Investigations Project Manager</p> </header> <p>Kim is a writer, editor, interface expert, and musician. As lead researcher for Duke University’s Rutherfurd Living History program, Kim architected a system for interactive transcripts. As a consultant, she helped PBS Frontline build a similar system for their Transparency Project. Kim got her start as a metro reporter in Washington D.C. for UPI, and later founded the internet beat as a senior editor at PC Week. She co-founded Technology Research News. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="naomi-schalit"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Naomi Schalit" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/438246/width170/image-20230912-6475-zx6vf0.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Naomi Schalit</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:naomi.schalit@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Senior Editor, Politics + Democracy</p> </header> <p>A graduate of Princeton University with a degree in religion and Near Eastern studies, Naomi began her career at the San Jose Mercury News. She has worked as a reporter and producer at Maine Public Radio, edited the opinion pages for two Maine newspapers and, with her husband, John Christie, founded the Maine Center for Public Interest Reporting, a non-profit news outlet that produces investigative and accountability reporting.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="emily-schwartz-greco"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Emily Schwartz Greco" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/342381/width170/image-20170404-5739-xcxh0o.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Emily Schwartz Greco</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:emily.schwartz.greco@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Philanthropy + Nonprofits Editor</p> </header> <p>Emily helps scholars make articles regarding donors large and small, nonprofit management and organizations of all kinds accessible to the public. Previously, she ran the OtherWords editorial service and reported for Dow Jones and Bloomberg in Washington, D.C., Rio de Janeiro and New York City. She earned an MS from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and a BA from the University of Texas at Austin.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="eric-smalley"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Eric Smalley" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/944964/width170/image-20241108-15-jggq54.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Eric Smalley</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:eric.smalley@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Science + Technology Editor</p> </header> <p>Eric has over 30 years of experience as a science and technology reporter and editor. His work has appeared in The Boston Globe, CNet, Discover, Nature, Science, Scientific American, and Wired. Eric co-founded and edited Technology Research News, a weekly online news publication that covered university research in emerging technology and applied science. He is a graduate of Oberlin College. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="maggie-villiger"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Maggie Villiger" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/137637/width170/image-20241112-15-qxpsxk.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Maggie Villiger</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:maggie.villiger@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Senior Science + Technology Editor</p> </header> <p>Maggie studied neuroscience as an undergraduate because it was the most interdisciplinary science major. Confident she didn't want to be a bench scientist or a physician, she luckily realized that a career in science communication was possible. She earned a master's degree in science journalism and has since worked in public radio, public television, museum exhibit creation, educational video production and more. Maggie strives to translate science concepts so they're accurate and accessible.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="tracy-walsh"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Tracy Walsh" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1461219/width170/image-20230814-20-d47u8e.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Tracy Walsh</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:tracy.walsh@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Economy + Business Editor</p> </header> <p>Tracy joined The Conversation in 2023 after spending more than eight years at Bloomberg. Before that, she edited for a range of businesses and nonprofits, including Euromoney Institutional Investor and Teach For America. She has a master’s degree from Columbia Journalism School and a bachelor’s degree in English from Clark University.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="jennifer-weeks"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Jennifer Weeks" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/210227/width170/image-20231114-25-oo306i.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Jennifer Weeks</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:jennifer.weeks@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Senior Environment + Cities Editor</p> </header> <p>Jennifer covered environment, science and health for a decade as a freelance journalist before joining The Conversation in 2015. Her work has appeared in the Washington Post, Boston Globe Magazine, Popular Mechanics, Audubon, Discover and Slate. Previously she was a Congressional aide, public-interest lobbyist and policy analyst. Weeks holds a BA in history from Williams College, an MA in political science from the University of North Carolina and an MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="matt-williams"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Matt Williams" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/906375/width170/image-20191206-90618-14ii26y.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Matt Williams</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:matt.williams@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Senior International Editor</p> </header> <p>Matt is an editor with more than two decades’ journalistic experience. A former breaking news reporter for the U.K.’s Press Association, he moved to New York in 2009 as the agency’s North America Correspondent. After a stint as weekend editor for The Guardian, Matt joined Al Jazeera America as senior editor, later taking on a similar role at ABC News. He also worked as a reporter for the HBO show "Wyatt Cenac’s Problem Areas." </p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> University Relations <a name="university-relations"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Back to Top</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="eric-d-zack"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Eric D. Zack" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/329532/width170/image-20241030-15-f0dlvu.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Eric D. Zack</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:eric.zack@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Sr. Director, University Relations</p> </header> <p>Eric began his career as a fundraiser for the University of Michigan (his alma mater.) After similar positions at the University of Massachusetts, Suffolk University and Georgetown University, he transitioned to consulting with universities for The Chronicle of Higher Education and NBC News' educational division.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="hannah-sussman"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Hannah Sussman" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1022550/width170/image-20241029-15-7xnc78.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Hannah Sussman</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:hannah.sussman@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">University Relations Manager</p> </header> <p>Hannah has been with TCUS for over four years, working with university partners to maximize the value of their membership and connect them with the editorial team. Previously, she worked in nonprofit development for organizations including Ceres, Grubstreet, and Harvard University. She holds a BA in creative writing from Brandeis University.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="chris-calimlim"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Chris Calimlim" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1152127/width170/image-20210217-15-14eyyrs.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Chris Calimlim</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:chris.calimlim@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">University Relations and Editorial Associate</p> </header> <p>Chris Calimlim is a graduate of Brandeis University where she holds a BA in English. Prior to earning this position at The Conversation, she was an intern here and earlier worked as a freelance creative writer.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="brittney-price"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Brittney Price" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1425938/width170/image-20230616-15-a357lh.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Brittney Price</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:brittney.price@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Data Specialist</p> </header> <p>Brittney is a graduate of New Jersey Institute of Technology Data Science and Analytics program as well as holds a BA in Sociology and LGBTQIA Studies from Montclair State University. Prior to joining The Conversation, she has worked with multiple companies to help them analyze and understand their data. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="katrina-derderian"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Katrina Derderian" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1525240/width170/image-20240409-20-ql8hvq.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Katrina Derderian</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:katrina.derderian@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">University Relationship Assistant</p> </header> <p>Katrina has worked in Okinawa, Japan, in enrollment operations and CRM strategy for the University of Maryland Global Campus Asia. Before that, she worked as an Executive Assistant to the CEO of a public policy-oriented non-profit in Washington, DC. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Government and Public Policy from Smith College and a master’s in Strategic Communication from the University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC). </p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Media Outreach <a name="media-outreach"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Back to Top</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="joel-abrams"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Joel Abrams" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/211931/width170/image-20241113-17-leew2y.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Joel Abrams</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:joel.abrams@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Director of Digital Strategy and Outreach</p> </header> <p>Joel ran social media strategy and launched vertical sites on Catholicism and technology for The Boston Globe. He has also worked in product management and editorial positions at The Christian Science Monitor, Lycos, and CNN International. He holds a bachelor's degree from Harvard and an MS in library science from Simmons College.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="katrina-aman"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Katrina Aman" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1105860/width170/image-20240215-20-l614tg.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Katrina Aman</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:katrina.aman@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Journalism Evangelist</p> </header> <p>Katrina has worked as a writer and editor for nearly a decade for newspapers, nonprofits, and universities. She also has experience in social media marketing, magazine production and public relations. She earned a master’s in journalism from the University of Oregon. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="howard-manly"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Howard Manly" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1280721/width170/image-20211013-27-1e92z4k.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Howard Manly</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:howard.manly@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Outreach Editor</p> </header> <p>A veteran journalist, Howard has spent most of his print and television career focused on the intersection of race, politics, and society. He has written for numerous publications, including Newsweek, the Boston Globe, and the Philadelphia Inquirer, and was executive editor of the Bay State Banner, one of the leading black newspapers in America. He is a graduate of Bucknell University with a degree in International Relations. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="beatriz-sanchez-pacios"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Beatriz Sanchez Pacios" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1443497/width170/image-20230801-17534-voi48h.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Beatriz Sanchez Pacios</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:bea.sanchez.pacios@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Audience Development Assistant</p> </header> <p>Bea has worked in marketing and communications at MultiMedia Channels, Make-A-Wish Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Carlton PR & Marketing, and Lioness Magazine. She earned her bachelor's degree in journalism at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in Spain. </p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Development and Operations <a name="development-and-operations"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Back to Top</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="ernest-crowder"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Ernest Crowder" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1221165/width170/image-20210326-23-130z7ss.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Ernest Crowder</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:ernest.crowder%2Breader@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Chief Financial Officer</p> </header> <p>Ernest is an experienced financial and operations executive. He came to The Conversation from the Better Government Association (BGA), a nonprofit investigative reporting and policy advocacy organization based in Chicago. While at the BGA, he managed operations and engagement in addition to finance and HR, and streamlined all financial and operational procedures. He also oversaw a significant increase in audience growth through marketing and social media platforms.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="priyanka-sharma-sindhar"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Priyanka Sharma-Sindhar" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1400621/width170/image-20240508-16-gkq54u.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Priyanka Sharma-Sindhar</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:priyanka@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Director of Development and Donor Engagement</p> </header> <p>Priyanka is a fundraiser and an advocate for journalism. Previously, she was at CalMatters, where she worked on developing diverse revenue streams, eventually focusing on major gifts. Early in her career, she co-founded one of the first local news sites in California, garnering the attention of news observers nationally. Her approach to fundraising has been shaped by Jenn McCrea, who ran the Exponential Fundraising program at Harvard University. She serves on the advisory board of the Pivot F...</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="sumalitaa-bhuyyaan"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Sumalitaa Bhuyyaan" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1241279/width170/image-20241121-17-jdknst.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Sumalitaa Bhuyyaan</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:sumalita.bhuyan@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Human Resources Manager</p> </header> <p>Sumalitaa is an experienced people and culture professional. Throughout her career, spanning over a decade, she has helped startups to scale up their teams and designed policies to align organizational culture with business strategy. She has experience in retail, e-commerce and health care industries in India and the U.S. Sumalitaa has a master's in clinical psychology from SNDT University, Mumbai, India.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="alpa-b-pandya"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Alpa B. Pandya" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2220931/width170/image-20241119-17-59fqvc.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Alpa B. Pandya</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:alpa.pandya@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Executive Assistant/Board Liaison</p> </header> <p>Alpa received her MSW from New York University. A former Child & Family Therapist in Baltimore, MD, for the last eight years she has worked in Global Health in Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, & Vietnam. She was the driving force behind all logistical processes aimed at successful completion of trainings, workshops, related to PEPFAR as well as Partners in Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment in Africa. She has lived on four continents and speaks five languages. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="damian-thompson"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Damian Thompson" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/4717/width170/image-20220421-15-teezm7.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Damian Thompson</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:damian.thompson@theconversation.edu.au"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Chief Operating Officer, TC International</p> </header> <p>Damian is Chief Operating Officer of The Conversation International. He's previously worked in government on programs and as a ministerial policy adviser. Damian works with The Conversation teams across our global network to coordinate global strategies and secure funding from philanthropic foundations. </p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Board of Trustees <a name="board-of-trustees"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Back to Top</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="benjamin-b-taylor"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Benjamin B. Taylor" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/426933/width170/image-20171130-30950-1g34z0c.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Benjamin B. Taylor</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Board Chair</p> </header> <p>Ben is a former executive editor and publisher of the Boston Globe where he worked for 28 years, including four years in the Washington Bureau. He is chairman of the Emerald Necklace Conservancy, a non-profit organization that advocates for Boston's park system. He also chairs the board of Living on Earth, an environmental news program on National Public Radio, and serves on the board of Discovering Justice, a non-profit organization that focuses on civic education and its role in democracy.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="tina-cassidy"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Tina Cassidy" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/785214/width170/image-20190722-11364-1rbn4nb.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Tina Cassidy</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Board Clerk</p> </header> <p>Tina is GBH’s Chief Marketing Officer, leading GBH’s marketing, communications and public relations efforts. Before joining GBH in 2019, she was the executive vice president and chief content officer at InkHouse, and earlier, vice president at Solomon McCown for five years. She began her career as a journalist at the Boston Business Journal and then at the Boston Globe. She is the author of several nonfiction books, and holds a BA in journalism from Northeastern University.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="margaret-drain"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Margaret Drain" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/426937/width170/image-20171130-30896-1nivssi.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Margaret Drain</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Margaret is a TV executive, producer and journalist and the former VP of national programs for WGBH/Boston. She served as an executive producer in public broadcasting and a producer at CBS News. Prior to that she worked at Bill Moyers’ Journal and ran the Ford Foundation's News and Law program. Her awards include Peabodys, primetime Emmys, duPont-Columbia awards and the WGA. She is a graduate of Columbia School of Journalism and was the founding Managing Editor of The Conversation U.S.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="thomas-fiedler"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Thomas Fiedler" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/131497/width170/image-20240508-16-5zrrlx.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Thomas Fiedler</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Tom is a professor of the practice of journalism and the former Dean of the Boston University College of Communication, which he joined in 2008 following a distinguished career as an investigative reporter, a political columnist, the editorial page editor, and finally, the executive editor of The Miami Herald. He earned a bachelor’s degree in engineering from U.S. Merchant Marine Academy and a master’s degree in journalism from Boston University.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="e-gordon-gee"> <div class="image"> <img alt="E. Gordon Gee" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2225458/width170/image-20241002-16-vlbwq0.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">E. Gordon Gee</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:joel.abrams%2Bgee@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Currently serving for a second time as president of West Virginia University, Dr. E. Gordon Gee has been a leader in higher education for more than four decades. He holds an honors degree in history from the University of Utah and a J.D. and an Ed.D. from Columbia. He’s co-authored over a dozen books, including “Leading Colleges and Universities,” “Land-Grant Universities for the Future” and “What’s Public about Public Higher Ed?” (forthcoming), as well as papers on law and education.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="alvin-hall"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Alvin Hall" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/532252/width170/image-20240508-20-looagk.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Alvin Hall</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Alvin is president of Cooperhall Press, Inc., a company that designs and conducts training programs and produces videos about investment markets for financial services companies, regulatory organizations, and technology vendors worldwide. He is an award-winning television and radio broadcaster, best-selling author and a respected financial educator. He is Trustee Emeritus of Bowdoin College, his alma mater. He is now completing a memoir and developing television, radio and podcast series.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="nayyera-haq"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Nayyera Haq" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1223564/width170/image-20241004-16-l5dagt.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Nayyera Haq</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Nayyera Haq is a seasoned communications strategist, speaker, former Obama White House Senior Director known for her expertise in helping leaders communicate powerfully and authentically. As a respected political commentator, she regularly appears on CNN, MSNBC, and HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher discussing global affairs, culture, and policy. Nayyera also hosts the TrailBlaze podcast and talk radio on SiriusXM, where she amplifies diverse perspectives and thought leadership. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="alexia-hudson-ward"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Alexia Hudson-Ward" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/552874/width170/image-20200828-15-f7yqsu.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Alexia Hudson-Ward</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Alexia is Associate Director of Research and Learning, MIT Libraries. Her past roles include: the Azariah Smith Root Director of Libraries for Oberlin College, a Penn State tenured librarian, an award-winning entertainment editor, public radio promotions coordinator, and Coca-Cola Company marketing manager. Alexia holds degrees from the University of Pittsburgh & Temple University and is currently a Simmons University doctoral candidate.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="stanley-s-litow"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Stanley S. Litow" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1159270/width170/image-20201021-19-jsp9so.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Stanley S. Litow</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Visting Professor of the Pratice, Public Policy</p> </header> <p>Stanley serves as an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University and as a Visiting Professor of the Practice at Duke University. In addition, he serves as a Trustee of the State University of New York where he chairs the Academic Affairs Committee. He writes a regular column on education and other issues for Barron's and recently wrote the book "The Challenge for Business and Society: From Risk to Reward." He has taught as an Adjunct Professor at the New School University and LIU.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="patrick-louchouarn"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Patrick Louchouarn" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1373833/width170/image-20230613-19-hfnbjn.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Patrick Louchouarn</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Professor of Earth Sciences</p> </header> <p>Patrick joined The Ohio State University in 2022 as the senior vice provost for faculty and is also a professor at the School of Earth Sciences. His multidisciplinary research focuses on understanding the impacts of environmental perturbations on biogeochemical cycling at ecosystem interfaces and addressing capacity building in earth and environmental education in diverse communities. He holds degrees from McGill University and the University of Quebec in Montreal. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="mike-mckenna"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Mike McKenna" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/426938/width170/image-20200828-17-30e2gl.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Mike McKenna</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Mike heads James Farm Creative, a strategic communications firm headquartered in Weybridge, Vermont. Prior to founding James Farm, Mike was Middlebury College's first Vice President for Communications and Marketing. Earlier, McKenna was President, CEO and Chief Creative Officer of Marsteller, in New York City and Creative Director at Young & Rubicam. He holds a MS in Journalism from Boston University where he was an Abbott Scholar, and a BA from Wesleyan University.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="michele-ozumba"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Michele Ozumba" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/434816/width170/image-20180731-136655-1r9xgx2.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Michele Ozumba</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Michele leads the Women’s College Coalition, a membership association of women’s colleges and universities in the U.S. and Canada. Previous positions include President and CEO of Women’s Funding Network (WFN), CEO of the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Power and Potential (GCAPP) and Senior Lecturer at the University of Nigeria. One of Fast Company's Extraordinary Women of 2012, she has a BA from Douglass College and an MS from Rutgers University in City and Regional Planning. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="elizabeth-ritvo"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Elizabeth Ritvo" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/786056/width170/image-20240508-16-zbn16w.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Elizabeth Ritvo</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Director</p> </header> <p>Liz has served as counsel for numerous media organizations and is Of Counsel at Brown Rudnick LLP. She served on the boards of the Media Law Resource Center and the New England First Amendment Coalition, and the Advisory Board of the New England Center for Investigative Reporting. She served on the Governing Council of the Boston Bar Association and as president of the Women’s Bar Foundation of Massachusetts. She is a graduate of Yale College and the University of Virginia School of Law.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="gerson-smoger"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Gerson Smoger" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1516833/width170/image-20240508-20-w1j57l.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Gerson Smoger</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Gerson is an attorney who serves on the boards of Physicians for Human Rights, Public Citizen, Public Justice, the Civil Justice Research Initiative and on the advisory board of the Human Rights Center at U.C. Berkeley. He has won many awards for his work, ranging from the Public Justice Foundation’s national Trial Lawyer of the Year Award to the Harry Philo Award from the American Association for Justice. He is a member of the bars of Texas and California. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="sam-thompson"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Sam Thompson" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/426939/width170/image-20171130-30937-170y1zj.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Sam Thompson</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">TCUS Board Treasurer</p> </header> <p>Sam is a Senior Managing Director at investment bank Progress Partners. He is also a Founding Partner at Progress Ventures, a venture fund that invests in media and marketing technology companies. Prior to joining Progress Partners, he held positions at Pod Consulting, Procter & Gamble, the Phoenix Media/Communications Group, IGN Entertainment, Inc., and Snowball.com. Sam earned an MBA from the F.W. Olin Graduate School of Business at Babson College and a BA from Lewis & Clark College.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="ernest-j-wilson-iii"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Ernest J. Wilson III" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/306485/width170/Wilson-Ernest.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Ernest J. Wilson III</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Ernie is the former Dean of the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California. He is also a professor of political science, a faculty fellow at the USC Center on Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg School, a board member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, a member of the National Academies' Computer Science and Telecommunications Board and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. </p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Founder and Former Board Chair <a name="founder-and-former-board-chair"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Back to Top</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="andrew-jaspan"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Andrew Jaspan" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/310130/width170/image-20180615-85854-wnc6d8.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Andrew Jaspan</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Founder</p> </header> <p>Andrew Jaspan is the creator and co-founder of The Conversation. He launched the project in Australia in 2011 and was instrumental in seeing it established in the UK and the US. The project was born out of concerns Andrew had about public access to reliable information amid a dramatic shift in the production and consumption of journalism internationally. Andrew has been Editor of The Observer, The Age (Melbourne), The Scotsman and the Sunday Herald (Glasgow).</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="joseph-rosenbloom"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Joseph Rosenbloom" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/426932/width170/image-20171130-30923-8eur2g.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Joseph Rosenbloom</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Former Chair of TCUS</p> </header> <p>Joe was the Chair of the TCUS Board from its founding in 2014 until 2018 and played a crucial role in its development. He holds a BA from Stanford University and a JD from Columbia Law School. He is an award-winning journalist with 40 years experience. He is a former senior editor at Inc. Magazine; investigative reporter for PBS' Frontline; and a reporter and editorial writer for The Boston Globe. He is author of "Redemption, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Last 31 Hours."</p> </div> </article> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div id="footers"> <section class="footer-primary"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DUkhOcnF1Ef1MpuKtGr7rbBAawO4XV48">Editorial Policies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/us/community-standards">Community standards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/us/republishing-guidelines">Republishing guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/us/friends">Friends of The Conversation</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://analytics.theconversation.com/us">Analytics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/us/feeds">Our feeds</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://donate.theconversation.com/us?utm_source=theconversation.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=footer">Donate</a> </li> <li> <a 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Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let e=[];const s=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,t.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&s&&s[0])for(let t=0;t<s.length;t++)e.push(s[t]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?e=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t.lng||this.language):e.push(t.lng||this.language);const i=(e,s,i)=>{const n=p&&i!==h?i:y;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(e,a,s,n,v,t):this.backendConnector&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(e,a,s,n,v,t),this.emit("missingKey",e,a,s,h)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?e.forEach((e=>{const s=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(e,t);f&&t[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&s.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&s.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),s.forEach((s=>{i([e],o+s,t[`defaultValue${s}`]||m)}))})):i(e,o,m))}h=this.extendTranslation(h,e,t,u,s),r&&h===o&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(h=`${a}:${o}`),(r||i)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(h="v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI?this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${o}`:o,i?h:void 0):this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(h))}return i?(u.res=h,u.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(t),u):h}extendTranslation(e,t,s,i,n){var o=this;if(this.i18nFormat&&this.i18nFormat.parse)e=this.i18nFormat.parse(e,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...s},s.lng||this.language||i.usedLng,i.usedNS,i.usedKey,{resolved:i});else if(!s.skipInterpolation){s.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...s,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...s.interpolation}});const r="string"==typeof e&&(s&&s.interpolation&&void 0!==s.interpolation.skipOnVariables?s.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(r){const t=e.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=t&&t.length}let l=s.replace&&"string"!=typeof s.replace?s.replace:s;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(l={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...l}),e=this.interpolator.interpolate(e,l,s.lng||this.language||i.usedLng,s),r){const t=e.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(t&&t.length)&&(s.nest=!1)}!s.lng&&"v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI&&i&&i.res&&(s.lng=this.language||i.usedLng),!1!==s.nest&&(e=this.interpolator.nest(e,(function(){for(var e=arguments.length,i=new Array(e),r=0;r<e;r++)i[r]=arguments[r];return n&&n[0]===i[0]&&!s.context?(o.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${i[0]} in key: ${t[0]}`),null):o.translate(...i,t)}),s)),s.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const r=s.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a="string"==typeof r?[r]:r;return null!=e&&a&&a.length&&!1!==s.applyPostProcessor&&(e=w.handle(a,e,t,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...i,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(s)},...s}:s,this)),e}resolve(e){let t,s,i,n,o,r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]),e.forEach((e=>{if(this.isValidLookup(t))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(e,r),l=a.key;s=l;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const u=void 0!==r.count&&"string"!=typeof r.count,h=u&&!r.ordinal&&0===r.count&&this.pluralResolver.shouldUseIntlApi(),p=void 0!==r.context&&("string"==typeof r.context||"number"==typeof r.context)&&""!==r.context,g=r.lngs?r.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(r.lng||this.language,r.fallbackLng);c.forEach((e=>{this.isValidLookup(t)||(o=e,!L[`${g[0]}-${e}`]&&this.utils&&this.utils.hasLoadedNamespace&&!this.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(o)&&(L[`${g[0]}-${e}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${s}" for languages "${g.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${o}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")),g.forEach((s=>{if(this.isValidLookup(t))return;n=s;const o=[l];if(this.i18nFormat&&this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys)this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(o,l,s,e,r);else{let e;u&&(e=this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(s,r.count,r));const t=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`,i=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}ordinal${this.options.pluralSeparator}`;if(u&&(o.push(l+e),r.ordinal&&0===e.indexOf(i)&&o.push(l+e.replace(i,this.options.pluralSeparator)),h&&o.push(l+t)),p){const s=`${l}${this.options.contextSeparator}${r.context}`;o.push(s),u&&(o.push(s+e),r.ordinal&&0===e.indexOf(i)&&o.push(s+e.replace(i,this.options.pluralSeparator)),h&&o.push(s+t))}}let a;for(;a=o.pop();)this.isValidLookup(t)||(i=a,t=this.getResource(s,e,a,r))})))}))})),{res:t,usedKey:s,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:n,usedNS:o}}isValidLookup(e){return!(void 0===e||!this.options.returnNull&&null===e||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===e)}getResource(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat&&this.i18nFormat.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(e,t,s,i):this.resourceStore.getResource(e,t,s,i)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const t=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],s=e.replace&&"string"!=typeof e.replace;let i=s?e.replace:e;if(s&&void 0!==e.count&&(i.count=e.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(i={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...i}),!s){i={...i};for(const e of t)delete i[e]}return i}static hasDefaultValue(e){const t="defaultValue";for(const s in e)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,s)&&t===s.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==e[s])return!0;return!1}}const R=e=>e.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+e.slice(1);class C{constructor(e){this.options=e,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=o.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(e){if(!(e=S(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const t=e.split("-");return 2===t.length?null:(t.pop(),"x"===t[t.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(t.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(e){if(!(e=S(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return e;const t=e.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(t[0])}formatLanguageCode(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.indexOf("-")>-1){if("undefined"!=typeof Intl&&void 0!==Intl.getCanonicalLocales)try{let t=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(e)[0];if(t&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(t=t.toLowerCase()),t)return t}catch(e){}const t=["hans","hant","latn","cyrl","cans","mong","arab"];let s=e.split("-");return this.options.lowerCaseLng?s=s.map((e=>e.toLowerCase())):2===s.length?(s[0]=s[0].toLowerCase(),s[1]=s[1].toUpperCase(),t.indexOf(s[1].toLowerCase())>-1&&(s[1]=R(s[1].toLowerCase()))):3===s.length&&(s[0]=s[0].toLowerCase(),2===s[1].length&&(s[1]=s[1].toUpperCase()),"sgn"!==s[0]&&2===s[2].length&&(s[2]=s[2].toUpperCase()),t.indexOf(s[1].toLowerCase())>-1&&(s[1]=R(s[1].toLowerCase())),t.indexOf(s[2].toLowerCase())>-1&&(s[2]=R(s[2].toLowerCase()))),s.join("-")}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?e.toLowerCase():e}isSupportedCode(e){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(e=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(e)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(e){if(!e)return null;let t;return e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.formatLanguageCode(e);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(s)||(t=s)})),!t&&this.options.supportedLngs&&e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e);if(this.isSupportedCode(s))return t=s;t=this.options.supportedLngs.find((e=>e===s?e:e.indexOf("-")<0&&s.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:e.indexOf("-")>0&&s.indexOf("-")<0&&e.substring(0,e.indexOf("-"))===s||0===e.indexOf(s)&&s.length>1?e:void 0))})),t||(t=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),t}getFallbackCodes(e,t){if(!e)return[];if("function"==typeof e&&(e=e(t)),"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]),Array.isArray(e))return e;if(!t)return e.default||[];let s=e[t];return s||(s=e[this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.formatLanguageCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e.default),s||[]}toResolveHierarchy(e,t){const s=this.getFallbackCodes(t||this.options.fallbackLng||[],e),i=[],n=e=>{e&&(this.isSupportedCode(e)?i.push(e):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${e}`))};return"string"==typeof e&&(e.indexOf("-")>-1||e.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e))):"string"==typeof e&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),s.forEach((e=>{i.indexOf(e)<0&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e))})),i}}let N=[{lngs:["ach","ak","am","arn","br","fil","gun","ln","mfe","mg","mi","oc","pt","pt-BR","tg","tl","ti","tr","uz","wa"],nr:[1,2],fc:1},{lngs:["af","an","ast","az","bg","bn","ca","da","de","dev","el","en","eo","es","et","eu","fi","fo","fur","fy","gl","gu","ha","hi","hu","hy","ia","it","kk","kn","ku","lb","mai","ml","mn","mr","nah","nap","nb","ne","nl","nn","no","nso","pa","pap","pms","ps","pt-PT","rm","sco","se","si","so","son","sq","sv","sw","ta","te","tk","ur","yo"],nr:[1,2],fc:2},{lngs:["ay","bo","cgg","fa","ht","id","ja","jbo","ka","km","ko","ky","lo","ms","sah","su","th","tt","ug","vi","wo","zh"],nr:[1],fc:3},{lngs:["be","bs","cnr","dz","hr","ru","sr","uk"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:4},{lngs:["ar"],nr:[0,1,2,3,11,100],fc:5},{lngs:["cs","sk"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:6},{lngs:["csb","pl"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:7},{lngs:["cy"],nr:[1,2,3,8],fc:8},{lngs:["fr"],nr:[1,2],fc:9},{lngs:["ga"],nr:[1,2,3,7,11],fc:10},{lngs:["gd"],nr:[1,2,3,20],fc:11},{lngs:["is"],nr:[1,2],fc:12},{lngs:["jv"],nr:[0,1],fc:13},{lngs:["kw"],nr:[1,2,3,4],fc:14},{lngs:["lt"],nr:[1,2,10],fc:15},{lngs:["lv"],nr:[1,2,0],fc:16},{lngs:["mk"],nr:[1,2],fc:17},{lngs:["mnk"],nr:[0,1,2],fc:18},{lngs:["mt"],nr:[1,2,11,20],fc:19},{lngs:["or"],nr:[2,1],fc:2},{lngs:["ro"],nr:[1,2,20],fc:20},{lngs:["sl"],nr:[5,1,2,3],fc:21},{lngs:["he","iw"],nr:[1,2,20,21],fc:22}],j={1:e=>Number(e>1),2:e=>Number(1!=e),3:e=>0,4:e=>Number(e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:e%10>=2&&e%10<=4&&(e%100<10||e%100>=20)?1:2),5:e=>Number(0==e?0:1==e?1:2==e?2:e%100>=3&&e%100<=10?3:e%100>=11?4:5),6:e=>Number(1==e?0:e>=2&&e<=4?1:2),7:e=>Number(1==e?0:e%10>=2&&e%10<=4&&(e%100<10||e%100>=20)?1:2),8:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:8!=e&&11!=e?2:3),9:e=>Number(e>=2),10:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:e<7?2:e<11?3:4),11:e=>Number(1==e||11==e?0:2==e||12==e?1:e>2&&e<20?2:3),12:e=>Number(e%10!=1||e%100==11),13:e=>Number(0!==e),14:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:3==e?2:3),15:e=>Number(e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:e%10>=2&&(e%100<10||e%100>=20)?1:2),16:e=>Number(e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:0!==e?1:2),17:e=>Number(1==e||e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:1),18:e=>Number(0==e?0:1==e?1:2),19:e=>Number(1==e?0:0==e||e%100>1&&e%100<11?1:e%100>10&&e%100<20?2:3),20:e=>Number(1==e?0:0==e||e%100>0&&e%100<20?1:2),21:e=>Number(e%100==1?1:e%100==2?2:e%100==3||e%100==4?3:0),22:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:(e<0||e>10)&&e%10==0?2:3)};const $=["v1","v2","v3"],A=["v4"],E={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5};class I{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=e,this.options=t,this.logger=o.create("pluralResolver"),this.options.compatibilityJSON&&!A.includes(this.options.compatibilityJSON)||"undefined"!=typeof Intl&&Intl.PluralRules||(this.options.compatibilityJSON="v3",this.logger.error("Your environment seems not to be Intl API compatible, use an Intl.PluralRules polyfill. Will fallback to the compatibilityJSON v3 format handling.")),this.rules=(()=>{const e={};return N.forEach((t=>{t.lngs.forEach((s=>{e[s]={numbers:t.nr,plurals:j[t.fc]}}))})),e})(),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(e,t){this.rules[e]=t}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(this.shouldUseIntlApi())try{const s=S("dev"===e?"en":e),i=t.ordinal?"ordinal":"cardinal",n=JSON.stringify({cleanedCode:s,type:i});if(n in this.pluralRulesCache)return this.pluralRulesCache[n];const o=new Intl.PluralRules(s,{type:i});return this.pluralRulesCache[n]=o,o}catch(e){return}return this.rules[e]||this.rules[this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]}needsPlural(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const s=this.getRule(e,t);return this.shouldUseIntlApi()?s&&s.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.length>1:s&&s.numbers.length>1}getPluralFormsOfKey(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};return this.getSuffixes(e,s).map((e=>`${t}${e}`))}getSuffixes(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const s=this.getRule(e,t);return s?this.shouldUseIntlApi()?s.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.sort(((e,t)=>E[e]-E[t])).map((e=>`${this.options.prepend}${t.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${e}`)):s.numbers.map((s=>this.getSuffix(e,s,t))):[]}getSuffix(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const i=this.getRule(e,s);return i?this.shouldUseIntlApi()?`${this.options.prepend}${s.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${i.select(t)}`:this.getSuffixRetroCompatible(i,t):(this.logger.warn(`no plural rule found for: ${e}`),"")}getSuffixRetroCompatible(e,t){const s=e.noAbs?e.plurals(t):e.plurals(Math.abs(t));let i=e.numbers[s];this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix&&2===e.numbers.length&&1===e.numbers[0]&&(2===i?i="plural":1===i&&(i=""));const n=()=>this.options.prepend&&i.toString()?this.options.prepend+i.toString():i.toString();return"v1"===this.options.compatibilityJSON?1===i?"":"number"==typeof i?`_plural_${i.toString()}`:n():"v2"===this.options.compatibilityJSON||this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix&&2===e.numbers.length&&1===e.numbers[0]?n():this.options.prepend&&s.toString()?this.options.prepend+s.toString():s.toString()}shouldUseIntlApi(){return!$.includes(this.options.compatibilityJSON)}}const T=function(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:".",n=!(arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4])||arguments[4],o=((e,t,s)=>{const i=d(e,s);return void 0!==i?i:d(t,s)})(e,t,s);return!o&&n&&"string"==typeof s&&(o=k(e,s,i),void 0===o&&(o=k(t,s,i))),o},D=e=>e.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");class F{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=o.create("interpolator"),this.options=e,this.format=e.interpolation&&e.interpolation.format||(e=>e),this.init(e)}init(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};e.interpolation||(e.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});const{escape:t,escapeValue:s,useRawValueToEscape:i,prefix:n,prefixEscaped:o,suffix:r,suffixEscaped:a,formatSeparator:l,unescapeSuffix:c,unescapePrefix:u,nestingPrefix:h,nestingPrefixEscaped:p,nestingSuffix:g,nestingSuffixEscaped:d,nestingOptionsSeparator:f,maxReplaces:y,alwaysFormat:b}=e.interpolation;this.escape=void 0!==t?t:v,this.escapeValue=void 0===s||s,this.useRawValueToEscape=void 0!==i&&i,this.prefix=n?m(n):o||"{{",this.suffix=r?m(r):a||"}}",this.formatSeparator=l||",",this.unescapePrefix=c?"":u||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":c||"",this.nestingPrefix=h?m(h):p||m("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=g?m(g):d||m(")"),this.nestingOptionsSeparator=f||",",this.maxReplaces=y||1e3,this.alwaysFormat=void 0!==b&&b,this.resetRegExp()}reset(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)}resetRegExp(){const e=(e,t)=>e&&e.source===t?(e.lastIndex=0,e):new RegExp(t,"g");this.regexp=e(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=e(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=e(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}(.+?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(e,t,s,i){let n,o,r;const a=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},c=e=>{if(e.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const n=T(t,a,e,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(n,void 0,s,{...i,...t,interpolationkey:e}):n}const n=e.split(this.formatSeparator),o=n.shift().trim(),r=n.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(T(t,a,o,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),r,s,{...i,...t,interpolationkey:o})};this.resetRegExp();const u=i&&i.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,h=i&&i.interpolation&&void 0!==i.interpolation.skipOnVariables?i.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:e=>D(e)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:e=>this.escapeValue?D(this.escape(e)):D(e)}].forEach((t=>{for(r=0;n=t.regex.exec(e);){const s=n[1].trim();if(o=c(s),void 0===o)if("function"==typeof u){const t=u(e,n,i);o="string"==typeof t?t:""}else if(i&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,s))o="";else{if(h){o=n[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${s} for interpolating ${e}`),o=""}else"string"==typeof o||this.useRawValueToEscape||(o=l(o));const a=t.safeValue(o);if(e=e.replace(n[0],a),h?(t.regex.lastIndex+=o.length,t.regex.lastIndex-=n[0].length):t.regex.lastIndex=0,r++,r>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),e}nest(e,t){let s,i,n,o=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const r=(e,t)=>{const s=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(e.indexOf(s)<0)return e;const i=e.split(new RegExp(`${s}[ ]*{`));let o=`{${i[1]}`;e=i[0],o=this.interpolate(o,n);const r=o.match(/'/g),a=o.match(/"/g);(r&&r.length%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(o=o.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{n=JSON.parse(o),t&&(n={...t,...n})}catch(t){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${e}`,t),`${e}${s}${o}`}return n.defaultValue&&n.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete n.defaultValue,e};for(;s=this.nestingRegexp.exec(e);){let a=[];n={...o},n=n.replace&&"string"!=typeof n.replace?n.replace:n,n.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete n.defaultValue;let c=!1;if(-1!==s[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(s[1])){const e=s[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((e=>e.trim()));s[1]=e.shift(),a=e,c=!0}if(i=t(r.call(this,s[1].trim(),n),n),i&&s[0]===e&&"string"!=typeof i)return i;"string"!=typeof i&&(i=l(i)),i||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${s[1]} for nesting ${e}`),i=""),c&&(i=a.reduce(((e,t)=>this.format(e,t,o.lng,{...o,interpolationkey:s[1].trim()})),i.trim())),e=e.replace(s[0],i),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return e}}const V=e=>{const t={};return(s,i,n)=>{let o=n;n&&n.interpolationkey&&n.formatParams&&n.formatParams[n.interpolationkey]&&n[n.interpolationkey]&&(o={...o,[n.interpolationkey]:void 0});const r=i+JSON.stringify(o);let a=t[r];return a||(a=e(S(i),n),t[r]=a),a(s)}};class U{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=o.create("formatter"),this.options=e,this.formats={number:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),currency:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t,style:"currency"});return e=>s.format(e)})),datetime:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),relativetime:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e,t.range||"day")})),list:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.ListFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)}))},this.init(e)}init(e){const t=(arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}}).interpolation;this.formatSeparator=t.formatSeparator?t.formatSeparator:t.formatSeparator||","}add(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=t}addCached(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=V(t)}format(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const n=t.split(this.formatSeparator);if(n.length>1&&n[0].indexOf("(")>1&&n[0].indexOf(")")<0&&n.find((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1))){const e=n.findIndex((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1));n[0]=[n[0],...n.splice(1,e)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return n.reduce(((e,t)=>{const{formatName:n,formatOptions:o}=(e=>{let t=e.toLowerCase().trim();const s={};if(e.indexOf("(")>-1){const i=e.split("(");t=i[0].toLowerCase().trim();const n=i[1].substring(0,i[1].length-1);"currency"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.currency||(s.currency=n.trim()):"relativetime"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.range||(s.range=n.trim()):n.split(";").forEach((e=>{if(e){const[t,...i]=e.split(":"),n=i.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),o=t.trim();s[o]||(s[o]=n),"false"===n&&(s[o]=!1),"true"===n&&(s[o]=!0),isNaN(n)||(s[o]=parseInt(n,10))}}))}return{formatName:t,formatOptions:s}})(t);if(this.formats[n]){let t=e;try{const r=i&&i.formatParams&&i.formatParams[i.interpolationkey]||{},a=r.locale||r.lng||i.locale||i.lng||s;t=this.formats[n](e,a,{...o,...i,...r})}catch(e){this.logger.warn(e)}return t}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${n}`),e}),e)}}class M extends r{constructor(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=e,this.store=t,this.services=s,this.languageUtils=s.languageUtils,this.options=i,this.logger=o.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=i.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=i.maxRetries>=0?i.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=i.retryTimeout>=1?i.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend&&this.backend.init&&this.backend.init(s,i.backend,i)}queueLoad(e,t,s,i){const n={},o={},r={},a={};return e.forEach((e=>{let i=!0;t.forEach((t=>{const r=`${e}|${t}`;!s.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(e,t)?this.state[r]=2:this.state[r]<0||(1===this.state[r]?void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0):(this.state[r]=1,i=!1,void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0),void 0===n[r]&&(n[r]=!0),void 0===a[t]&&(a[t]=!0)))})),i||(r[e]=!0)})),(Object.keys(n).length||Object.keys(o).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:o,pendingCount:Object.keys(o).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:i}),{toLoad:Object.keys(n),pending:Object.keys(o),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(r),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(e,t,s){const i=e.split("|"),n=i[0],o=i[1];t&&this.emit("failedLoading",n,o,t),!t&&s&&this.store.addResourceBundle(n,o,s,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[e]=t?-1:2,t&&s&&(this.state[e]=0);const r={};this.queue.forEach((s=>{((e,t,s,i)=>{const{obj:n,k:o}=p(e,t,Object);n[o]=n[o]||[],n[o].push(s)})(s.loaded,[n],o),((e,t)=>{void 0!==e.pending[t]&&(delete e.pending[t],e.pendingCount--)})(s,e),t&&s.errors.push(t),0!==s.pendingCount||s.done||(Object.keys(s.loaded).forEach((e=>{r[e]||(r[e]={});const t=s.loaded[e];t.length&&t.forEach((t=>{void 0===r[e][t]&&(r[e][t]=!0)}))})),s.done=!0,s.errors.length?s.callback(s.errors):s.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",r),this.queue=this.queue.filter((e=>!e.done))}read(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,n=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:this.retryTimeout,o=arguments.length>5?arguments[5]:void 0;if(!e.length)return o(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:e,ns:t,fcName:s,tried:i,wait:n,callback:o});this.readingCalls++;const r=(r,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const e=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(e.lng,e.ns,e.fcName,e.tried,e.wait,e.callback)}r&&a&&i<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,e,t,s,i+1,2*n,o)}),n):o(r,a)},a=this.backend[s].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(e,t,r);try{const s=a(e,t);s&&"function"==typeof s.then?s.then((e=>r(null,e))).catch(r):r(null,s)}catch(e){r(e)}}prepareLoading(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),i&&i();"string"==typeof e&&(e=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e)),"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]);const n=this.queueLoad(e,t,s,i);if(!n.toLoad.length)return n.pending.length||i(),null;n.toLoad.forEach((e=>{this.loadOne(e)}))}load(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{},s)}reload(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{reload:!0},s)}loadOne(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const s=e.split("|"),i=s[0],n=s[1];this.read(i,n,"read",void 0,void 0,((s,o)=>{s&&this.logger.warn(`${t}loading namespace ${n} for language ${i} failed`,s),!s&&o&&this.logger.log(`${t}loaded namespace ${n} for language ${i}`,o),this.loaded(e,s,o)}))}saveMissing(e,t,s,i,n){let o=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},r=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(this.services.utils&&this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace&&!this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(t))this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${s}" as the namespace "${t}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!");else if(null!=s&&""!==s){if(this.backend&&this.backend.create){const a={...o,isUpdate:n},l=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(l.length<6)try{let n;n=5===l.length?l(e,t,s,i,a):l(e,t,s,i),n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((e=>r(null,e))).catch(r):r(null,n)}catch(e){r(e)}else l(e,t,s,i,r,a)}e&&e[0]&&this.store.addResource(e[0],t,s,i)}}}const H=()=>({debug:!1,initImmediate:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:e=>{let t={};if("object"==typeof e[1]&&(t=e[1]),"string"==typeof e[1]&&(t.defaultValue=e[1]),"string"==typeof e[2]&&(t.tDescription=e[2]),"object"==typeof e[2]||"object"==typeof e[3]){const s=e[3]||e[2];Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{t[e]=s[e]}))}return t},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:e=>e,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),K=e=>("string"==typeof e.ns&&(e.ns=[e.ns]),"string"==typeof e.fallbackLng&&(e.fallbackLng=[e.fallbackLng]),"string"==typeof e.fallbackNS&&(e.fallbackNS=[e.fallbackNS]),e.supportedLngs&&e.supportedLngs.indexOf("cimode")<0&&(e.supportedLngs=e.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),e),J=()=>{};class z extends r{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},t=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var s;if(super(),this.options=K(e),this.services={},this.logger=o,this.modules={external:[]},s=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(s)).forEach((e=>{"function"==typeof s[e]&&(s[e]=s[e].bind(s))})),t&&!this.isInitialized&&!e.isClone){if(!this.options.initImmediate)return this.init(e,t),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(e,t)}),0)}}init(){var e=this;let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},s=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof t&&(s=t,t={}),!t.defaultNS&&!1!==t.defaultNS&&t.ns&&("string"==typeof t.ns?t.defaultNS=t.ns:t.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(t.defaultNS=t.ns[0]));const i=H();this.options={...i,...this.options,...K(t)},"v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI&&(this.options.interpolation={...i.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation}),void 0!==t.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=t.keySeparator),void 0!==t.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=t.nsSeparator);const n=e=>e?"function"==typeof e?new e:e:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let t;this.modules.logger?o.init(n(this.modules.logger),this.options):o.init(null,this.options),this.modules.formatter?t=this.modules.formatter:"undefined"!=typeof Intl&&(t=U);const s=new C(this.options);this.store=new O(this.options.resources,this.options);const r=this.services;r.logger=o,r.resourceStore=this.store,r.languageUtils=s,r.pluralResolver=new I(s,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,compatibilityJSON:this.options.compatibilityJSON,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!t||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==i.interpolation.format||(r.formatter=n(t),r.formatter.init(r,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=r.formatter.format.bind(r.formatter)),r.interpolator=new F(this.options),r.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},r.backendConnector=new M(n(this.modules.backend),r.resourceStore,r,this.options),r.backendConnector.on("*",(function(t){for(var s=arguments.length,i=new Array(s>1?s-1:0),n=1;n<s;n++)i[n-1]=arguments[n];e.emit(t,...i)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(r.languageDetector=n(this.modules.languageDetector),r.languageDetector.init&&r.languageDetector.init(r,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(r.i18nFormat=n(this.modules.i18nFormat),r.i18nFormat.init&&r.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new P(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(t){for(var s=arguments.length,i=new Array(s>1?s-1:0),n=1;n<s;n++)i[n-1]=arguments[n];e.emit(t,...i)})),this.modules.external.forEach((e=>{e.init&&e.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,s||(s=J),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const e=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);e.length>0&&"dev"!==e[0]&&(this.options.lng=e[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((t=>{this[t]=function(){return e.store[t](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((t=>{this[t]=function(){return e.store[t](...arguments),e}}));const r=a(),l=()=>{const e=(e,t)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),r.resolve(t),s(e,t)};if(this.languages&&"v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI&&!this.isInitialized)return e(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,e)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initImmediate?l():setTimeout(l,0),r}loadResources(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:J;const s="string"==typeof e?e:this.language;if("function"==typeof e&&(t=e),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if(s&&"cimode"===s.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return t();const e=[],i=t=>{if(!t)return;if("cimode"===t)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t).forEach((t=>{"cimode"!==t&&e.indexOf(t)<0&&e.push(t)}))};if(s)i(s);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((e=>i(e)))}this.options.preload&&this.options.preload.forEach((e=>i(e))),this.services.backendConnector.load(e,this.options.ns,(e=>{e||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),t(e)}))}else t(null)}reloadResources(e,t,s){const i=a();return"function"==typeof e&&(s=e,e=void 0),"function"==typeof t&&(s=t,t=void 0),e||(e=this.languages),t||(t=this.options.ns),s||(s=J),this.services.backendConnector.reload(e,t,(e=>{i.resolve(),s(e)})),i}use(e){if(!e)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!e.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===e.type&&(this.modules.backend=e),("logger"===e.type||e.log&&e.warn&&e.error)&&(this.modules.logger=e),"languageDetector"===e.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=e),"i18nFormat"===e.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=e),"postProcessor"===e.type&&w.addPostProcessor(e),"formatter"===e.type&&(this.modules.formatter=e),"3rdParty"===e.type&&this.modules.external.push(e),this}setResolvedLanguage(e){if(e&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1))for(let e=0;e<this.languages.length;e++){const t=this.languages[e];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t)){this.resolvedLanguage=t;break}}}changeLanguage(e,t){var s=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=e;const i=a();this.emit("languageChanging",e);const n=e=>{this.language=e,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(e)},o=(e,o)=>{o?(n(o),this.translator.changeLanguage(o),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",o),this.logger.log("languageChanged",o)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,i.resolve((function(){return s.t(...arguments)})),t&&t(e,(function(){return s.t(...arguments)}))},r=t=>{e||t||!this.services.languageDetector||(t=[]);const s="string"==typeof t?t:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(t);s&&(this.language||n(s),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(s),this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage&&this.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage(s)),this.loadResources(s,(e=>{o(e,s)}))};return e||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!e&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(r):this.services.languageDetector.detect(r):r(e):r(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),i}getFixedT(e,t,s){var i=this;const n=function(e,t){let o;if("object"!=typeof t){for(var r=arguments.length,a=new Array(r>2?r-2:0),l=2;l<r;l++)a[l-2]=arguments[l];o=i.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([e,t].concat(a))}else o={...t};o.lng=o.lng||n.lng,o.lngs=o.lngs||n.lngs,o.ns=o.ns||n.ns,""!==o.keyPrefix&&(o.keyPrefix=o.keyPrefix||s||n.keyPrefix);const c=i.options.keySeparator||".";let u;return u=o.keyPrefix&&Array.isArray(e)?e.map((e=>`${o.keyPrefix}${c}${e}`)):o.keyPrefix?`${o.keyPrefix}${c}${e}`:e,i.t(u,o)};return"string"==typeof e?n.lng=e:n.lngs=e,n.ns=t,n.keyPrefix=s,n}t(){return this.translator&&this.translator.translate(...arguments)}exists(){return this.translator&&this.translator.exists(...arguments)}setDefaultNamespace(e){this.options.defaultNS=e}hasLoadedNamespace(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!this.isInitialized)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized",this.languages),!1;if(!this.languages||!this.languages.length)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty",this.languages),!1;const s=t.lng||this.resolvedLanguage||this.languages[0],i=!!this.options&&this.options.fallbackLng,n=this.languages[this.languages.length-1];if("cimode"===s.toLowerCase())return!0;const o=(e,t)=>{const s=this.services.backendConnector.state[`${e}|${t}`];return-1===s||0===s||2===s};if(t.precheck){const e=t.precheck(this,o);if(void 0!==e)return e}return!!this.hasResourceBundle(s,e)||(!(this.services.backendConnector.backend&&(!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages))||!(!o(s,e)||i&&!o(n,e)))}loadNamespaces(e,t){const s=a();return this.options.ns?("string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]),e.forEach((e=>{this.options.ns.indexOf(e)<0&&this.options.ns.push(e)})),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}loadLanguages(e,t){const s=a();"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]);const i=this.options.preload||[],n=e.filter((e=>i.indexOf(e)<0&&this.services.languageUtils.isSupportedCode(e)));return n.length?(this.options.preload=i.concat(n),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}dir(e){if(e||(e=this.resolvedLanguage||(this.languages&&this.languages.length>0?this.languages[0]:this.language)),!e)return"rtl";const t=this.services&&this.services.languageUtils||new C(H());return["ar","shu","sqr","ssh","xaa","yhd","yud","aao","abh","abv","acm","acq","acw","acx","acy","adf","ads","aeb","aec","afb","ajp","apc","apd","arb","arq","ars","ary","arz","auz","avl","ayh","ayl","ayn","ayp","bbz","pga","he","iw","ps","pbt","pbu","pst","prp","prd","ug","ur","ydd","yds","yih","ji","yi","hbo","men","xmn","fa","jpr","peo","pes","prs","dv","sam","ckb"].indexOf(t.getLanguagePartFromCode(e))>-1||e.toLowerCase().indexOf("-arab")>1?"rtl":"ltr"}static createInstance(){return new z(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0)}cloneInstance(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:J;const s=e.forkResourceStore;s&&delete e.forkResourceStore;const i={...this.options,...e,isClone:!0},n=new z(i);void 0===e.debug&&void 0===e.prefix||(n.logger=n.logger.clone(e));return["store","services","language"].forEach((e=>{n[e]=this[e]})),n.services={...this.services},n.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:n.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(n)},s&&(n.store=new O(this.store.data,i),n.services.resourceStore=n.store),n.translator=new P(n.services,i),n.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var t=arguments.length,s=new Array(t>1?t-1:0),i=1;i<t;i++)s[i-1]=arguments[i];n.emit(e,...s)})),n.init(i,t),n.translator.options=i,n.translator.backendConnector.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:n.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(n)},n}toJSON(){return{options:this.options,store:this.store,language:this.language,languages:this.languages,resolvedLanguage:this.resolvedLanguage}}}const q=z.createInstance();q.createInstance=z.createInstance;q.createInstance,q.dir,q.init,q.loadResources,q.reloadResources,q.use,q.changeLanguage,q.getFixedT,q.t,q.exists,q.setDefaultNamespace,q.hasLoadedNamespace,q.loadNamespaces,q.loadLanguages}},function(e){var 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