CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>WebRTC - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"71547cb0-6e20-43c5-a427-b5f1ef873deb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"WebRTC","wgTitle":"WebRTC","wgCurRevisionId":1256949417,"wgRevisionId":1256949417,"wgArticleId":31950946,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022","WebRTC","Peer-to-peer","Software using the BSD license","Web development","Web standards"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"WebRTC","wgRelevantArticleId":31950946,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1089715","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="WebRTC - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-WebRTC rootpage-WebRTC skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=WebRTC" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=WebRTC" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=WebRTC" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=WebRTC" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Support</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Support subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Codec_support_across_browsers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Codec_support_across_browsers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Codec support across browsers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Codec_support_across_browsers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vulnerability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vulnerability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vulnerability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vulnerability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">WebRTC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="وب‌آرتی‌سی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وب‌آرتی‌سی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="WebRTC" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1089715#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:WebRTC" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/WebRTC"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/WebRTC"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/WebRTC" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/WebRTC" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&oldid=1256949417" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=WebRTC&id=1256949417&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWebRTC"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWebRTC"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=WebRTC&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:WebRTC" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1089715" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">API that supports browser-to-browser communication</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">WebRTC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WebRTC_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/WebRTC_Logo.svg/250px-WebRTC_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/WebRTC_Logo.svg/375px-WebRTC_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/WebRTC_Logo.svg/500px-WebRTC_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Justin Uberti<br />Peter Thatcher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">2011<span class="noprint">; 13 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2011</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">1.0<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / May 4, 2018<span class="noprint">; 6 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018-05-04</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webrtc.googlesource.com/">webrtc<wbr />.googlesource<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Standard</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3.org/TR/webrtc/">w3<wbr />.org<wbr />/TR<wbr />/webrtc<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webrtc.org/">webrtc<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>WebRTC</b> (<b>Web Real-Time Communication</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source</a> project providing <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile application">mobile applications</a> with <a href="/wiki/Real-time_communication" title="Real-time communication">real-time communication</a> (RTC) via <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">application programming interfaces</a> (APIs). It allows audio and video communication and streaming to work inside web pages by allowing direct <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> communication, eliminating the need to install <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugins</a> or download native apps.<sup id="cite_ref-revolutionizing_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revolutionizing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Supported by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opera_(company)" title="Opera (company)">Opera</a>, WebRTC specifications have been published by the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) and the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF).<sup id="cite_ref-standardisation_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-standardisation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2010, Google bought <a href="/wiki/Global_IP_Solutions" title="Global IP Solutions">Global IP Solutions</a> or GIPS, a <a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">VoIP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">videoconferencing</a> software company that had developed many components required for RTC, such as codecs and echo cancellation techniques. Google open-sourced the GIPS technology and engaged with relevant standards bodies at the <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a> and <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> to ensure industry consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2011, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> released an <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> project for browser-based real-time communication known as WebRTC.<sup id="cite_ref-code_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-code-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has been followed by ongoing work to standardize the relevant <a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocols</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a><sup id="cite_ref-rtcweb_charter_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtcweb_charter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and browser APIs in the W3C.<sup id="cite_ref-w3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2011, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> Labs built the first implementation of WebRTC using a modified <a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a> library.<sup id="cite_ref-ericsson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericsson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eric_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eric-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2011, the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> published its first draft for the spec.<sup id="cite_ref-first-wd_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-wd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WebRTC milestones include the first cross-browser video call (February 2013), first cross-browser data transfers (February 2014), and as of July 2014 <a href="/wiki/Google_Hangouts" title="Google Hangouts">Google Hangouts</a> was "kind of" using WebRTC.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The W3C draft API was based on preliminary work done in the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whatwg_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whatwg-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was referred to as the ConnectionPeer API, and a pre-standards concept implementation was created at <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> Labs.<sup id="cite_ref-ericsson_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericsson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WebRTC Working Group expects this specification to evolve significantly based on: </p> <ul><li>Outcomes of ongoing exchanges in the companion RTCWEB group at <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a><sup id="cite_ref-rtcweb_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtcweb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to define the set of <a href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">protocols</a> that, together with this document, define <a href="/wiki/Real-time_communication" title="Real-time communication">real-time communications</a> in web browsers. While no one signaling protocol is mandated, <a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a> over <a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7118">7118</a>) is often used partially due to the applicability of SIP<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to most of the envisaged communication scenarios as well as the availability of open-source software such as <a href="/wiki/JsSIP" title="JsSIP">JsSIP</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">Privacy issues</a> that arise when exposing local capabilities and local streams</li> <li>Technical discussions within the group, on implementing data channels in particular<sup id="cite_ref-data-protocol-00_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data-protocol-00-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Experience gained through early experimentation</li> <li>Feedback from other groups and individuals</li></ul> <p>In November 2017, the WebRTC 1.0 specification transitioned from Working Draft to Candidate Recommendation.<sup id="cite_ref-first-cr_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-cr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, the WebRTC 1.0 specification transitioned from Candidate Recommendation to <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Recommendation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-standardisation_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-standardisation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major components of WebRTC include several <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>: </p> <ul><li><code>getUserMedia</code> acquires the audio and video media (e.g., by accessing a device's camera and microphone).<sup id="cite_ref-c_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><code>RTCPeerConnection</code> enables audio and video communication between peers. It performs <a href="/wiki/Signal_processing" title="Signal processing">signal processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">codec</a> handling, peer-to-peer communication, security, and <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> management.<sup id="cite_ref-rtcpeerconnection_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtcpeerconnection-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><code>RTCDataChannel</code> allows bidirectional communication of arbitrary data between peers. The data is transported using <a href="/wiki/SCTP" class="mw-redirect" title="SCTP">SCTP</a> over <a href="/wiki/DTLS" class="mw-redirect" title="DTLS">DTLS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses the same API as <a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a> and has very low <a href="/wiki/Network_latency" class="mw-redirect" title="Network latency">latency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rtcdatachannel_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtcdatachannel-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The WebRTC API also includes a statistics function: </p> <ul><li><code>getStats</code> allows the web application to retrieve a set of statistics about WebRTC sessions. These statistics data are being described in a separate W3C document.<sup id="cite_ref-stats_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The WebRTC API includes <b>no provisions for signaling</b>, that is discovering peers to connect to and determine how to establish connections among them. Applications use <a href="/wiki/Interactive_Connectivity_Establishment" title="Interactive Connectivity Establishment">Interactive Connectivity Establishment</a> for connections and are responsible for managing sessions, possibly relying on any of <a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">Session Initiation Protocol</a>, Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (<a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a>), <a href="/wiki/Message_Queuing_Telemetry_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Message Queuing Telemetry Transport">Message Queuing Telemetry Transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(protocol)" title="Matrix (protocol)">Matrix</a>, or another protocol. Signaling may depend on one or more servers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7478">7478</a> requires implementations to provide <a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">PCMA</a>/<a href="/wiki/PCMU" class="mw-redirect" title="PCMU">PCMU</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3551">3551</a>), Telephone Event as <a href="/wiki/DTMF" title="DTMF">DTMF</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4733">4733</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6716">6716</a>) <a href="/wiki/Audio_codec" title="Audio codec">audio codecs</a> as minimum capabilities. The PeerConnection, data channel and media capture browser APIs are detailed in the W3C specification. </p><p>W3C is developing ORTC (Object Real-Time Communications) for WebRTC.<sup id="cite_ref-ORTC_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORTC-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WebRTC allows browsers to stream files directly to one another, reducing or entirely removing the need for server-side file hosting. <a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a> uses a WebRTC transport to enable peer-to-peer file sharing using the <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a> protocol in the browser.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service#One-click_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">file-sharing</a> websites use it to allow users to send files directly to one another in their browsers, although this requires the uploader to keep the tab open until the file has been downloaded.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few <a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">CDNs</a>, such as the Microsoft-owned Peer5, use the client's bandwidth to upload media to other connected peers, enabling each peer to act as an edge server.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although initially developed for web browsers, WebRTC has applications for non-browser devices, including mobile platforms and <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">IoT devices</a>. Examples include browser-based <a href="/wiki/VoIP" class="mw-redirect" title="VoIP">VoIP</a> telephony, also called cloud phones or web phones, which allow calls to be made and received from within a web browser, replacing the requirement to download and install a softphone.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support">Support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WebRTC is supported by the following browsers (incomplete list; oldest supported version specified): </p> <ul><li>Desktop PC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a> 12+<sup id="cite_ref-edge_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edge-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> 28+</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a> 22+<sup id="cite_ref-Firefox22_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firefox22-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> 11+<sup id="cite_ref-Safari11_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safari11-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> 18+<sup id="cite_ref-opera-18_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opera-18-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a> 1.9+</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li>Google Chrome 28+ (enabled by default since 29)</li> <li>Mozilla Firefox 24+<sup id="cite_ref-Firefox24_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firefox24-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Opera Mobile 12+</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> <ul><li>MobileSafari/WebKit (<a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">iOS 11</a>+)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a> 3.0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GStreamer" title="GStreamer">GStreamer</a> directly provides a free WebRTC implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OvenMediaEngine" title="OvenMediaEngine">OvenMediaEngine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Codec_support_across_browsers">Codec support across browsers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Codec support across browsers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WebRTC establishes a standard set of codecs which all compliant browsers are required to implement. Some browsers may also support other codecs.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Video codec compatibility </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Codec name </th> <th>Profile </th> <th>Browser compatibility </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC_products_and_implementations" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC products and implementations">H.264</a> </th> <td>Constrained Baseline (CB) </td> <td>Chrome (52+), Firefox<sup>[1]</sup>, Safari </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a> </th> <td>- </td> <td>Chrome, Firefox, Safari (12.1+)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a> </th> <td>- </td> <td>Chrome (48+), Firefox </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Audio codec compatibility </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Codec name </th> <th>Browser compatibility </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a> </th> <td>Chrome, Firefox, Safari </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711 PCM (A-law)</a> </th> <td>Chrome, Firefox, Safari </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711 PCM (μ-law)</a> </th> <td>Chrome, Firefox, Safari </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a> </th> <td>Chrome, Firefox, Safari </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a> </th> <td>Chrome, Safari </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a> </th> <td>Chrome, Safari </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vulnerability">Vulnerability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vulnerability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2015, <a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a> reported a serious security flaw in browsers supporting WebRTC, that compromised the security of <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a> tunnels by exposing a user's true <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IPleak_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPleak-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IP address read requests are not visible in the browser's developer console, and they are not blocked by most <a href="/wiki/Ad_blocking" title="Ad blocking">ad blocking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">privacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_security" title="Internet security">security</a> add-ons, enabling online tracking despite precautions.<sup id="cite_ref-webrtc-ips_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webrtc-ips-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been reported that the cause of the address leak is not a bug that can be patched, but is foundational to the way WebRTC operates; however, there are several solutions to mitigate the problem. WebRTC leakage can be tested for, and solutions are offered for most browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WebRTC can be disabled, if not required, in most browsers. The <a href="/wiki/UBlock_Origin" title="UBlock Origin">uBlock Origin</a> add-on can fix this problem (as some browsers now fix this problem by themselves, from uBlock Origin v1.38 onwards this option has been disabled on these browsers<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CU-RTC-WEB" title="CU-RTC-WEB">CU-RTC-WEB</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/">"WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers"</a>. <i>World Wide Web Consortium</i>. 27 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407011412/http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.atitle=WebRTC+1.0%3A+Real-time+Communication+Between+Browsers&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fwebrtc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webrtc.googlesource.com/src/webrtc/">"Src/webrtc - Git at Google"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423034244/https://webrtc.googlesource.com/src/webrtc/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Src%2Fwebrtc+-+Git+at+Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebrtc.googlesource.com%2Fsrc%2Fwebrtc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revolutionizing-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revolutionizing_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.trilogy-lte.com/post/77427158750/how-webrtc-is-revolutionizing-telephony">How WebRTC Is Revolutionizing Telephony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071345/http://blogs.trilogy-lte.com/post/77427158750/how-webrtc-is-revolutionizing-telephony">Archived</a> 2014-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Blogs.trilogy-lte.com (2014-02-21). Retrieved on 2014-04-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-standardisation-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-standardisation_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-standardisation_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2021/01/pressrelease-webrtc-rec.html.en">"Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) transforms the communications landscape as it becomes a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards"</a>. <i>World Wide Web Consortium</i>. 26 Jan 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727142803/https://www.w3.org/2021/01/pressrelease-webrtc-rec.html.en">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 Jan</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.atitle=Web+Real-Time+Communications+%28WebRTC%29+transforms+the+communications+landscape+as+it+becomes+a+World+Wide+Web+Consortium+%28W3C%29+Recommendation+and+Internet+Engineering+Task+Force+%28IETF%29+standards&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2021%2F01%2Fpressrelease-webrtc-rec.html.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/">"Rtcweb Status Pages"</a>. <i>tools.ietf.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420003228/https://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tools.ietf.org&rft.atitle=Rtcweb+Status+Pages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fwg%2Frtcweb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607005550/https://webrtc.org/faq/#are-the-webrtc-components-from-googles-acquisition-of-global-ip-solutions">"Are the WebRTC components from Google's acquisition of Global IP Solutions?"</a>. <i>WebRTC</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webrtc.org/faq/#are-the-webrtc-components-from-googles-acquisition-of-global-ip-solutions">the original</a> on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WebRTC&rft.atitle=Are+the+WebRTC+components+from+Google%27s+acquisition+of+Global+IP+Solutions%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebrtc.org%2Ffaq%2F%23are-the-webrtc-components-from-googles-acquisition-of-global-ip-solutions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWauters2010" class="citation news cs1">Wauters, Robin (18 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2010/05/18/google-makes-68-2-million-cash-offer-for-global-ip-solutions">"Google makes $68.2 million cash offer for Global IP Solutions"</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207062936/https://techcrunch.com/2010/05/18/google-makes-68-2-million-cash-offer-for-global-ip-solutions/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Google+makes+%2468.2+million+cash+offer+for+Global+IP+Solutions&rft.date=2010-05-18&rft.aulast=Wauters&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2010%2F05%2F18%2Fgoogle-makes-68-2-million-cash-offer-for-global-ip-solutions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-code-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-code_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarald_Alvestrand2011" class="citation web cs1">Harald Alvestrand (2011-05-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webrtc/2011May/0022.html">"Google release of WebRTC source code"</a>. public-webrtc@w3.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130227012310/http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webrtc/2011May/0022.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+release+of+WebRTC+source+code&rft.pub=public-webrtc%40w3.org&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft.au=Harald+Alvestrand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flists.w3.org%2FArchives%2FPublic%2Fpublic-webrtc%2F2011May%2F0022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rtcweb_charter-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rtcweb_charter_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/charter/">"Charter of the Real-Time Communication in WEB-browsers (rtcweb) working group"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111040415/http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/charter/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charter+of+the+Real-Time+Communication+in+WEB-browsers+%28rtcweb%29+working+group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fwg%2Frtcweb%2Fcharter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-w3_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/">"WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers"</a>. W3.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905093824/http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WebRTC+1.0%3A+Real-time+Communication+Between+Browsers&rft.pub=W3.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fwebrtc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ericsson-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ericsson_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ericsson_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225045214/http://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/context-aware-communication/beyond-html5-peer-peer-conversational-video/">"Beyond HTML5: Peer-to-Peer Conversational Video"</a>. <i>Ericsson Research blog</i>. Labs.ericsson.com. 25 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/context-aware-communication/beyond-html5-peer-peer-conversational-video/">the original</a> on 25 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ericsson+Research+blog&rft.atitle=Beyond+HTML5%3A+Peer-to-Peer+Conversational+Video&rft.date=2011-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericsson.com%2Fresearch-blog%2Fcontext-aware-communication%2Fbeyond-html5-peer-peer-conversational-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eric-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eric_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefan_HåkanssonStefan_Ålund2011" class="citation news cs1">Stefan Håkansson; Stefan Ålund (26 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/beyond-html5-experiment-real-time-communication-browser">"Beyond HTML5: Experiment with Real-Time Communication in a Browser"</a>. <i>Ericsson Research blog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207012115/https://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/beyond-html5-experiment-real-time-communication-browser/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ericsson+Research+blog&rft.atitle=Beyond+HTML5%3A+Experiment+with+Real-Time+Communication+in+a+Browser&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.au=Stefan+H%C3%A5kansson&rft.au=Stefan+%C3%85lund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericsson.com%2Fresearch-blog%2Fbeyond-html5-experiment-real-time-communication-browser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-first-wd-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-first-wd_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-webrtc-20111027/">"WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers (W3C Working Draft 27 October 2011)"</a>. <i>World Wide Web Consortium</i>. 27 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029173130/https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-webrtc-20111027/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.atitle=WebRTC+1.0%3A+Real-time+Communication+Between+Browsers+%28W3C+Working+Draft+27+October+2011%29&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2011%2FWD-webrtc-20111027%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nowak-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nowak_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowak" class="citation web cs1">Nowak, Szymon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://szimek.github.io/presentation-meetjs-summit-2014-webrtc/#16">"WebRTC: So Much More Than Videoconferencing"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005022/https://szimek.github.io/presentation-meetjs-summit-2014-webrtc/#16">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=WebRTC%3A+So+Much+More+Than+Videoconferencing&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=Szymon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fszimek.github.io%2Fpresentation-meetjs-summit-2014-webrtc%2F%2316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whatwg-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whatwg_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/introduction.html#history-1">"Introduction — HTML Standard"</a>. Whatwg.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816032701/http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/introduction.html#history-1">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+%E2%80%94+HTML+Standard&rft.pub=Whatwg.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatwg.org%2Fspecs%2Fweb-apps%2Fcurrent-work%2Fmultipage%2Fintroduction.html%23history-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rtcweb-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rtcweb_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/">"Rtcweb Status Pages"</a>. Tools.ietf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905214006/http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rtcweb+Status+Pages&rft.pub=Tools.ietf.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fwg%2Frtcweb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSIP_Trunking2023" class="citation web cs1">SIP Trunking, MTPL (18 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moontechnolabs.com/blog/sip-trunking/">"SIP Trunking VoIP with WebRTC SDK"</a>. <i>Moon Technolabs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230805170916/https://www.moontechnolabs.com/blog/sip-trunking/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moon+Technolabs&rft.atitle=SIP+Trunking+VoIP+with+WebRTC+SDK&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft.aulast=SIP+Trunking&rft.aufirst=MTPL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moontechnolabs.com%2Fblog%2Fsip-trunking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data-protocol-00-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-data-protocol-00_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-jesup-rtcweb-data-protocol-00">"draft-jesup-rtcweb-data-protocol-00 - WebRTC Data Channel Protocol"</a>. Tools.ietf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031070900/http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-jesup-rtcweb-data-protocol-00">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=draft-jesup-rtcweb-data-protocol-00+-+WebRTC+Data+Channel+Protocol&rft.pub=Tools.ietf.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Fdraft-jesup-rtcweb-data-protocol-00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-first-cr-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-first-cr_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/CR-webrtc-20171102/">"WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers (W3C Candidate Recommendation 02 November 2017)"</a>. 2 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171102204947/https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/CR-webrtc-20171102/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WebRTC+1.0%3A+Real-time+Communication+Between+Browsers+%28W3C+Candidate+Recommendation+02+November+2017%29&rft.date=2017-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2017%2FCR-webrtc-20171102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediacapture-streams/#dom-mediadevices-getusermedia">"Media Capture and Streams: getUserMedia"</a>. W3C. 2013-09-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102135721/http://www.w3.org/TR/mediacapture-streams/#dom-mediadevices-getusermedia">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Capture+and+Streams%3A+getUserMedia&rft.pub=W3C&rft.date=2013-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fmediacapture-streams%2F%23dom-mediadevices-getusermedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rtcpeerconnection-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rtcpeerconnection_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/#rtcpeerconnection-interface">"WebRTC: RTCPeerConnection Interface"</a>. W3C. 2013-09-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905093824/http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/#rtcpeerconnection-interface">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WebRTC%3A+RTCPeerConnection+Interface&rft.pub=W3C&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fwebrtc%2F%23rtcpeerconnection-interface&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8831">"RFC 8831 - WebRTC Data Channels"</a>. <i>datatracker.ietf.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310133453/https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8831">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=datatracker.ietf.org&rft.atitle=RFC+8831+-+WebRTC+Data+Channels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc8831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rtcdatachannel-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rtcdatachannel_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/#rtcdatachannel">"WebRTC: RTCDataChannel"</a>. W3C. 2013-09-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905093824/http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/#rtcdatachannel">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WebRTC%3A+RTCDataChannel&rft.pub=W3C&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fwebrtc%2F%23rtcdatachannel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stats_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3c.github.io/webrtc-stats/webrtc-stats.html">"Identifiers for WebRTC's Statistics API"</a>. W3C. 2014-09-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170715052823/https://w3c.github.io/webrtc-stats/webrtc-stats.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identifiers+for+WebRTC%27s+Statistics+API&rft.pub=W3C&rft.date=2014-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3c.github.io%2Fwebrtc-stats%2Fwebrtc-stats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsahi_Levent-Levi2020" class="citation web cs1">Tsahi Levent-Levi (13 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bloggeek.me/webrtc-server/">"WebRTC Server: What is it exactly?"</a>. <i>BlogGeek.me</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511114630/https://bloggeek.me/webrtc-server/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlogGeek.me&rft.atitle=WebRTC+Server%3A+What+is+it+exactly%3F&rft.date=2020-04-13&rft.au=Tsahi+Levent-Levi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbloggeek.me%2Fwebrtc-server%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsahi_Levent-Levi2014" class="citation web cs1">Tsahi Levent-Levi (13 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bloggeek.me/matrix-webrtc-interview/">"Matrix.org and WebRTC: An Interview with Matthew Hodgson"</a>. <i>BlogGeek.me</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225150612/https://bloggeek.me/matrix-webrtc-interview/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlogGeek.me&rft.atitle=Matrix.org+and+WebRTC%3A+An+Interview+with+Matthew+Hodgson&rft.date=2014-11-13&rft.au=Tsahi+Levent-Levi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbloggeek.me%2Fmatrix-webrtc-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ORTC-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ORTC_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/community/ortc/">"W3C ORTC (Object Real-time Communications) Community Group"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029141846/http://www.w3.org/community/ortc/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W3C+ORTC+%28Object+Real-time+Communications%29+Community+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2Fcommunity%2Fortc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webtorrent.io/faq">"WebTorrent FAQ"</a>. <i>webtorrent.io</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311144830/https://webtorrent.io/faq">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webtorrent.io&rft.atitle=WebTorrent+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebtorrent.io%2Ffaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makeuseof.com/transfer-files-between-linux-android-ios-snapdrop/">"How to Transfer Files Between Linux, Android, and iOS Using Snapdrop"</a>. <i>MUO</i>. 2021-08-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129164205/https://www.makeuseof.com/transfer-files-between-linux-android-ios-snapdrop/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MUO&rft.atitle=How+to+Transfer+Files+Between+Linux%2C+Android%2C+and+iOS+Using+Snapdrop&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.makeuseof.com%2Ftransfer-files-between-linux-android-ios-snapdrop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinola2014" class="citation web cs1">Pinola, Melanie (2014-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/2697955/the-easiest-and-quickest-way-to-transfer-files-between-devices-on-the-same-network.html">"The easiest and quickest way to transfer files between devices on the same network"</a>. <i>Computerworld</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628235829/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2697955/the-easiest-and-quickest-way-to-transfer-files-between-devices-on-the-same-network.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=The+easiest+and+quickest+way+to+transfer+files+between+devices+on+the+same+network&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft.aulast=Pinola&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F2697955%2Fthe-easiest-and-quickest-way-to-transfer-files-between-devices-on-the-same-network.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ghacks.net/2015/05/12/filepizza-share-files-without-the-middleman-in-your-browser/">"FilePizza: share files without the middleman in your browser - gHacks Tech News"</a>. <i>gHacks Technology News</i>. 2015-05-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123091008/https://www.ghacks.net/2015/05/12/filepizza-share-files-without-the-middleman-in-your-browser/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gHacks+Technology+News&rft.atitle=FilePizza%3A+share+files+without+the+middleman+in+your+browser+-+gHacks+Tech+News&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghacks.net%2F2015%2F05%2F12%2Ffilepizza-share-files-without-the-middleman-in-your-browser%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley" class="citation web cs1">Foley, Mary Jo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-acquires-peer5-to-supplement-teams-live-video-streaming/">"Microsoft acquires Peer5 to supplement Teams' live video streaming"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310140207/https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-acquires-peer5-to-supplement-teams-live-video-streaming/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Microsoft+acquires+Peer5+to+supplement+Teams%27+live+video+streaming&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fmicrosoft-acquires-peer5-to-supplement-teams-live-video-streaming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.peer5.com/overview/">"Overview - Peer5 P2P Docs"</a>. <i>docs.peer5.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316194439/https://docs.peer5.com/overview/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docs.peer5.com&rft.atitle=Overview+-+Peer5+P2P+Docs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.peer5.com%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siliconrepublic.com/comms/babelfish-softphone-cloud-goldfish">"Catch the Babelfish: Irish telco devises a new kind of cloud phone"</a>. November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101172651/https://www.siliconrepublic.com/comms/babelfish-softphone-cloud-goldfish">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catch+the+Babelfish%3A+Irish+telco+devises+a+new+kind+of+cloud+phone&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siliconrepublic.com%2Fcomms%2Fbabelfish-softphone-cloud-goldfish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edge-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edge_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2015/09/18/ortc-api-is-now-available-in-microsoft-edge/">"ORTC API is now available in Microsoft Edge"</a>. Microsoft. 2015-09-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009090318/http://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2015/09/18/ortc-api-is-now-available-in-microsoft-edge/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ORTC+API+is+now+available+in+Microsoft+Edge&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.windows.com%2Fmsedgedev%2F2015%2F09%2F18%2Fortc-api-is-now-available-in-microsoft-edge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Firefox22-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Firefox22_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/22.0/releasenotes/">Firefox Notes - Desktop</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821215925/https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/22.0/releasenotes/">Archived</a> 2014-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mozilla.org (2013-06-25). Retrieved on 2014-04-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Safari11-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Safari11_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/content/releasenotes/General/WhatsNewInSafari/Safari_11_0/Safari_11_0.html">"Safari 11.0"</a>. Apple Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114193322/https://developer.apple.com/library/content/releasenotes/General/WhatsNewInSafari/Safari_11_0/Safari_11_0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Safari+11.0&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Fcontent%2Freleasenotes%2FGeneral%2FWhatsNewInSafari%2FSafari_11_0%2FSafari_11_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opera-18-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-opera-18_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.opera.com/news/2013/11/opera-18/">Opera News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907003321/http://blogs.opera.com/news/2013/11/opera-18/">Archived</a> 2015-09-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. blogs.opera.com (2013-11-19). Retrieved on 2015-09-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Firefox24-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Firefox24_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/mobile/24.0/releasenotes/">Firefox Notes - Desktop</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401044319/https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/mobile/24.0/releasenotes/">Archived</a> 2021-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mozilla.org (2013-09-17). Retrieved on 2014-08-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/releases/1.14/">"GStreamer 1.14 release notes"</a>. <i>gstreamer.freedesktop.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320084417/https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/releases/1.14/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gstreamer.freedesktop.org&rft.atitle=GStreamer+1.14+release+notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgstreamer.freedesktop.org%2Freleases%2F1.14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span> since version 1.15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/WebRTC_codecs">"Codecs used by WebRTC - Web media technologies | MDN"</a>. <i>developer.mozilla.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727121111/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/WebRTC_codecs">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=developer.mozilla.org&rft.atitle=Codecs+used+by+WebRTC+-+Web+media+technologies+%7C+MDN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FWeb%2FMedia%2FFormats%2FWebRTC_codecs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFablet2019" class="citation web cs1">Fablet, Youenn (2019-03-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webkit.org/blog/8672/on-the-road-to-webrtc-1-0-including-vp8/">"On the Road to WebRTC 1.0, Including VP8"</a>. <i>WebKit</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210729000922/https://webkit.org/blog/8672/on-the-road-to-webrtc-1-0-including-vp8/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WebKit&rft.atitle=On+the+Road+to+WebRTC+1.0%2C+Including+VP8&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft.aulast=Fablet&rft.aufirst=Youenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebkit.org%2Fblog%2F8672%2Fon-the-road-to-webrtc-1-0-including-vp8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPleak-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPleak_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torrentfreak.com/huge-security-flaw-leaks-vpn-users-real-ip-addresses-150130/">Huge Security Flaw Leaks VPN Users’ Real IP-addresses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108120117/https://torrentfreak.com/huge-security-flaw-leaks-vpn-users-real-ip-addresses-150130/">Archived</a> 2021-01-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> TorrentFreak.com (2015-01-30). Retrieved on 2015-02-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webrtc-ips-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webrtc-ips_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/diafygi/webrtc-ips">STUN IP Address requests for WebRTC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218134636/https://github.com/diafygi/webrtc-ips">Archived</a> 2015-02-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 2015-02-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimmerman2022" class="citation web cs1">Timmerman, Crystal (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipvanish.com/blog/webrtc/">"WebRTC leaks real IP addresses (even with VPN)"</a>. <i>IPVanish</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813032544/https://www.ipvanish.com/blog/webrtc/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IPVanish&rft.atitle=WebRTC+leaks+real+IP+addresses+%28even+with+VPN%29&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Timmerman&rft.aufirst=Crystal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipvanish.com%2Fblog%2Fwebrtc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_Hill2021" class="citation web cs1">Raymond Hill (17 Sep 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock/wiki/Prevent-WebRTC-from-leaking-local-IP-address">"Prevent WebRTC from leaking local IP address"</a>. <i>uBlock Origin documentation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221222622/https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock/wiki/Prevent-WebRTC-from-leaking-local-IP-address">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 Dec</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uBlock+Origin+documentation.&rft.atitle=Prevent+WebRTC+from+leaking+local+IP+address&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.au=Raymond+Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgorhill%2FuBlock%2Fwiki%2FPrevent-WebRTC-from-leaking-local-IP-address&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProust2016" class="citation cs1">Proust, S., ed. (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7875"><i>Additional WebRTC Audio Codecs for Interoperability</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7875">10.17487/RFC7875</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7875">7875</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additional+WebRTC+Audio+Codecs+for+Interoperability&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2016-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7875&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValinBran2016" class="citation cs1">Valin, J. M.; Bran, C. (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7874"><i>WebRTC Audio Codec and Processing Requirements</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7874">10.17487/RFC7874</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7874">7874</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WebRTC+Audio+Codec+and+Processing+Requirements&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2016-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7874&rft.aulast=Valin&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Bran%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2016" class="citation cs1">Roach, A. B. (March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7742"><i>WebRTC Video Processing and Codec Requirements</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7742">10.17487/RFC7742</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7742">7742</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WebRTC+Video+Processing+and+Codec+Requirements&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2016-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7742&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerumalWingRavindranathReddy2015" class="citation cs1">Perumal, M.; Wing, D.; Ravindranath, R.; Reddy, T.; Thomson, M. (October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7675"><i>Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Usage for Consent Freshness</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7675">10.17487/RFC7675</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7675">7675</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Session+Traversal+Utilities+for+NAT+%28STUN%29+Usage+for+Consent+Freshness&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7675&rft.aulast=Perumal&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Wing%2C+D.&rft.au=Ravindranath%2C+R.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+T.&rft.au=Thomson%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmbergHakanssonEriksson2015" class="citation cs1">Holmberg, C.; Hakansson, S.; Eriksson, G. (March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7478"><i>Web Real-Time Communication Use Cases and Requirements</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7478">10.17487/RFC7478</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7478">7478</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Web+Real-Time+Communication+Use+Cases+and+Requirements&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7478&rft.aulast=Holmberg&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Hakansson%2C+S.&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWebRTC" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3c.github.io/webrtc-pc/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089715#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2011/04/webrtc/">W3C Web Real-Time Communications Working Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/">IETF Real-Time Communication in WEB-browsers (rtcweb) Working Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/webrtc/apprtc">Video chat demo app based on WebRTC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libdatachannel.org">libdatachannel, open-source WebRTC network library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_browsers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_browsers" title="Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_browsers" title="Template talk:Web browsers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_browsers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_browsers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Features_*_standards_*_protocols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Features</li> <li>standards</li> <li>protocols</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(digital)" title="Bookmark (digital)">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">Privacy mode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">v5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">Cookies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_cookies" title="Third-party cookies">third-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status_Protocol" title="Online Certificate Status Protocol">OCSP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Active" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avast_Secure_Browser" title="Avast Secure Browser">Avast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%91c_C%E1%BB%91c" title="Cốc Cốc">Coc Coc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Dragon" title="Comodo Dragon">Comodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_(web_browser)" title="Epic (web browser)">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opera_Mobile" title="Opera Mobile">Mobile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Browser" title="Puffin Browser">Puffin </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Browser" title="QQ Browser">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Internet" title="Samsung Internet">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir_(web_browser)" title="Sleipnir (web browser)">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRWare_Iron" title="SRWare Iron">SRWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Browser" title="UC Browser">UC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Whale" title="Naver Whale">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_Open_Source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and Open Source">FOSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooble" title="Dooble">Dooble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkon" title="Falkon">Falkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Browser" title="Otter Browser">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermium" title="Supermium">Supermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoogled-chromium" title="Ungoogled-chromium">ungoogled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorp" title="Floorp">Floorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">GNU IceCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreWolf" title="LibreWolf">LibreWolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midori_(web_browser)" title="Midori (web browser)">Midori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlimBrowser" title="SlimBrowser">SlimBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Browser">Tor Browser</a></li> <li>Gecko <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagi_(search_engine)#Orion_Browser" title="Kagi (search engine)">Orion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-<a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360_Secure_Browser" title="360 Secure Browser">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo_Private_Browser" title="DuckDuckGo Private Browser">DuckDuckGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape" title="Lunascape">Lunascape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetFront" title="NetFront">NetFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutebrowser" title="Qutebrowser">qutebrowser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eww_(web_browser)" title="Eww (web browser)">eww</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_(web_browser)" title="Flow (web browser)">Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladybird_(web_browser)" title="Ladybird (web browser)">Ladybird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_(web_browser)" title="Links (web browser)">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf" title="NetSurf">NetSurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Mini" title="Opera Mini">Opera Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Discontinued" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Discontinued</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_(web_browser)" title="Beaker (web browser)">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrio" title="Citrio">Citrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcore" title="Redcore">Redcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockmelt" title="Rockmelt">Rockmelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SalamWeb" title="SalamWeb">SalamWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(search_engine)#Browser" title="Sputnik (search engine)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torch_(web_browser)" title="Torch (web browser)">Torch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkeror" title="Conkeror">Conkeror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_Lite" title="Firefox Lite">Firefox Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostzilla" title="Ghostzilla">Ghostzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_IceDragon" title="Comodo IceDragon">IceDragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylo_(web_browser)" title="Kylo (web browser)">Kylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Symphony" title="IBM Lotus Symphony">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroB" title="MicroB">MicroB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimo" title="Minimo">Minimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PirateBrowser" title="PirateBrowser">PirateBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Pogo" title="AT&T Pogo">Pogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirix_Strata" title="Kirix Strata">Strata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftfox" title="Swiftfox">Swiftfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftweasel" title="Swiftweasel">Swiftweasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenFourFox" class="mw-redirect" title="TenFourFox">TenFourFox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timberwolf_(web_browser)" title="Timberwolf (web browser)">Timberwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Browser" title="XB Browser">xB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepnet_Explorer" title="Deepnet Explorer">Deepnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBrowser" title="GreenBrowser">GreenBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaBrowser" title="MediaBrowser">MediaBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeoPlanet" title="NeoPlanet">NeoPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetCaptor" title="NetCaptor">NetCaptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceTime_(software)#SpaceTime_Browser" title="SpaceTime (software)">SpaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAC_Browser" title="ZAC Browser">ZAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arora_(web_browser)" title="Arora (web browser)">Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(web_browser)" title="Bolt (web browser)">BOLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Browser" title="Dolphin Browser">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_(web_browser)" title="Fluid (web browser)">Fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(smart_TV_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Google TV (smart TV platform)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Browser" title="Iris Browser">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Browser" title="Mercury Browser">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Browser_for_Symbian" title="Nokia Browser for Symbian">Nokia Symbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Coast" title="Opera Coast">Opera Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origyn_Web_Browser" title="Origyn Web Browser">Origyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtWeb" title="QtWeb">QtWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiira" title="Shiira">Shiira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(web_browser)" title="Steel (web browser)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_(web_browser)" title="Surf (web browser)">surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbl" title="Uzbl">Uzbl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPositive">WebPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xombrero" title="Xombrero">xombrero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaco_(web_browser)" title="Abaco (web browser)">abaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazer_(web_browser)" title="Blazer (web browser)">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_Browser" title="Cake Browser">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(web_browser)" title="Charon (web browser)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM_Browser" title="CM Browser">CM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Live_Labs_Deepfish" title="Microsoft Live Labs Deepfish">Deepfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillo" title="Dillo">Dillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELinks" title="ELinks">ELinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(web_browser)" title="Gazelle (web browser)">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotJava" title="HotJava">HotJava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Home_Page_Reader" title="IBM Home Page Reader">IBM Home Page Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebExplorer" title="IBM WebExplorer">IBM WebExplorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KidZui" title="KidZui">KidZui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">MSN TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="NetPositive">NetPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweezer" title="Skweezer">Skweezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyfire_(company)" title="Skyfire (company)">Skyfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThunderHawk" title="ThunderHawk">ThunderHawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Mobile_Browser" title="Vision Mobile Browser">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinWAP" title="WinWAP">WinWAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Web_browsers" title="Category:Web browsers">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers" title="Comparison of web browsers">Comparisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_interfaces" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_interfaces" title="Template:Web interfaces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_interfaces" title="Template talk:Web interfaces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_interfaces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web interfaces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_interfaces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_API" title="Web API">Web interfaces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Server-side"><a href="/wiki/Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">Server-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">v2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">v3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Simple Common Gateway Interface">SCGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCGI" title="FastCGI">FCGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_JServ_Protocol" title="Apache JServ Protocol">AJP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_for_Remote_Portlets" title="Web Services for Remote Portlets">WSRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">Server APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Netscape Server Application Programming Interface">C NSAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server#Feature_overview" title="Apache HTTP Server">C ASAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Internet Server Application Programming Interface">C ISAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">COM ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Jakarta Servlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_container" title="Web container">container</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Interface_for_.NET" title="Open Web Interface for .NET">CLI OWIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_handler" title="HTTP handler">ASP.NET Handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Web Server Gateway Interface">Python WSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">Python ASGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_(web_server_interface)" title="Rack (web server interface)">Ruby Rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSGI" title="JSGI">JavaScript JSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plack_(software)#PSGI" title="Plack (software)">Perl PSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">Portlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">container</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apache_modules" title="List of Apache modules">Apache modules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Server_Side_Includes" title="Server Side Includes">mod_include</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_jk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod jk">mod_jk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_lisp" title="Mod lisp">mod_lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod parrot">mod_parrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">mod_php</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_proxy" title="Mod proxy">mod_proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_python" title="Mod python">mod_python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_wsgi" title="Mod wsgi">mod_wsgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_ruby" title="Mod ruby">mod_ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phusion_Passenger" title="Phusion Passenger">Phusion Passenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">Web resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web-oriented_architecture" title="Web-oriented architecture">WOA</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Resource-oriented_architecture" title="Resource-oriented architecture">ROA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_API" title="Open API">Open API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">Application server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_application_servers" title="List of application servers">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Client-side"><a href="/wiki/Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">Client-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">Browser APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">C NPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#LiveConnect" title="NPAPI">LiveConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#XPConnect" title="NPAPI">XPConnect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#NPRuntime" title="NPAPI">C NPRuntime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">C PPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">NaCl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">BHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XBAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_API#Client_side" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-sent_events" title="Server-sent events">SSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOM_event" title="DOM event">DOM events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_File_API" title="HTML5 File API">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> (formerly W3C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebUSB" title="WebUSB">WebUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_scripting" title="Remote scripting">Remote scripting</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydration_(web_development)" title="Hydration (web development)">Hydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client-side_persistent_data" title="Client-side persistent data">Persistent data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_IDL" title="Web IDL">Web IDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page#Client-side_scripting" title="Dynamic web page">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics">Related topics</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">Frontend and backend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microservices" title="Microservices">Microservices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REST" title="REST">REST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_technology" title="Push technology">Push technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solution_stack" title="Solution stack">Solution stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Static_web_page" title="Static web page">Static</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">Dynamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_API_security" title="Web API security">Web API security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web application</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Internet_Application" title="Rich Internet Application">Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-page_application" title="Single-page application">Single-page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_web_app" title="Progressive web app">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&oldid=1256949417">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&oldid=1256949417</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WebRTC" title="Category:WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peer-to-peer" title="Category:Peer-to-peer">Peer-to-peer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_using_the_BSD_license" title="Category:Software using the BSD license">Software using the BSD license</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Web_development" title="Category:Web development">Web development</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Web_standards" title="Category:Web standards">Web standards</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 11:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebRTC&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nhjg5","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.699","walltime":"0.840","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6101,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":186468,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5894,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":186297,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 681.763 1 -total"," 38.91% 265.279 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.19% 192.218 38 Template:Cite_web"," 22.90% 156.092 2 Template:Infobox"," 17.77% 121.167 1 Template:Infobox_software"," 14.15% 96.497 1 Template:Web_browsers"," 13.86% 94.497 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 9.02% 61.527 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.37% 57.060 5 Template:Cite_IETF"," 6.71% 45.763 1 Template:Infobox_software/simple"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.383","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6869846,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fp8vw","timestamp":"20241124064101","ttl":580741,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"WebRTC","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WebRTC","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1089715","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1089715","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-06-01T12:45:54Z","dateModified":"2024-11-12T11:05:53Z","headline":"API definition drafted by W3C that supports browser-to-browser communication without plugins"}</script> </body> </html>