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href="#Parliamentary_powers_and_procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Parliamentary powers and procedure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parliamentary_powers_and_procedure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Parliamentary powers and procedure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_powers_and_procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_powers_of_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_powers_of_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legislative powers of Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_powers_of_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_powers_of_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_powers_of_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other powers of Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_powers_of_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="برلمان بوتان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلمان بوتان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6" title="ভুটানের সংসদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভুটানের সংসদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Tshog" title="Chi Tshog – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chi Tshog" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D_%CE%99_The_Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="འབྲུག་གི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས། Ι The Parliament of Bhutan – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="འབྲུག་གི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས། Ι The Parliament of Bhutan" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_But%C3%A1n" title="Parlamento de Bután – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamento de Bután" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_du_Bhoutan" title="Parlement du Bhoutan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement du Bhoutan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="भूटान की संसद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूटान की संसद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბჰუტანის პარლამენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბჰუტანის პარლამენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="ブータンの国会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブータンの国会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Bhutanu" title="Parlament Bhutanu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parlament Bhutanu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_do_But%C3%A3o" title="Parlamento do Butão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento do Butão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парламент Бутана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламент Бутана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="भूटाङ्गस्य संसद् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भूटाङ्गस्य संसद्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanin_parlamentti" title="Bhutanin parlamentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bhutanin parlamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பூட்டான் நாடாளுமன்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பூட்டான் நாடாளுமன்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Бутан парламенты – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бутан парламенты" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Парламент Бутану – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламент Бутану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%8B_vi%E1%BB%87n_Bhutan" title="Nghị viện Bhutan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghị viện Bhutan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Parliament of Bhutan</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><span title="Dzongkha-language text"><span lang="dz">རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་ཁང་</span></span></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><i>gyelyong tshokhang</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Fourth Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/255px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/340px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><i><a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">Druk Gyalpo</a></i></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck">Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck</a> <br />since December 14, 2006 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Chairperson of the National Council</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Sangay_Dorji" title="Sangay Dorji">Sangay Dorji</a>, Nonpartisan <br />since 10 May 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Speaker of the National Assembly</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Lungten_Dorji" title="Lungten Dorji">Lungten Dorji</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Bhutan)" title="People's Democratic Party (Bhutan)">PDP</a> <br />since 25 January 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>72</b><br /> 25 Councilmen <br /> 47 Assemblymen</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_national_bhoutan_2007.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Conseil_national_bhoutan_2007.svg/250px-Conseil_national_bhoutan_2007.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Conseil_national_bhoutan_2007.svg/375px-Conseil_national_bhoutan_2007.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Conseil_national_bhoutan_2007.svg/500px-Conseil_national_bhoutan_2007.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DDDDDD; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Non-partisan</a> (20)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span> Appointed (5)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhoutan_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bhoutan_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_2024.svg/250px-Bhoutan_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bhoutan_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_2024.svg/375px-Bhoutan_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bhoutan_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_2024.svg/500px-Bhoutan_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Government (30)</b> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#324D7A; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Bhutan)" title="People's Democratic Party (Bhutan)">PDP</a> (30)</li></ul> <p><b>Opposition (17)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#812A2E; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan_Tendrel_Party" title="Bhutan Tendrel Party">BTP</a> (17)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authority</th><td class="infobox-data">Article X, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution of Bhutan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2023_Bhutanese_National_Council_election" title="2023 Bhutanese National Council election">April 20, 2023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Bhutanese_National_Assembly_election" title="2023–24 Bhutanese National Assembly election">30 November 2023 and 9 January 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Gyelyong Tshokhang, <a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalcouncil.bt/">National Council of Bhutan</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nab.gov.bt/">National Assembly of Bhutan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Politics of Bhutan">Politics of Bhutan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/135px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/203px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/270px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCBA4;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bhutan" title="Law of Bhutan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bhutan" title="Human rights in Bhutan">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bhutan">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCBA4;;color: var(--color-base)">Monarchy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bhutan#Kings_of_Bhutan_(1907–present)" title="List of rulers of Bhutan">list</a>) <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck">Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Bhutanese_throne" title="Succession to the Bhutanese throne">Heir Apparent</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck">Crown Prince Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangchuck_dynasty" title="Wangchuck dynasty">Wangchuck dynasty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCBA4;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Drukpa_Lineage" class="mw-redirect" title="Drukpa Lineage">State religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dratshang_Lhentshog" title="Dratshang Lhentshog"><i>Dratshang Lhentshog</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(state religious commission)</span></a></div> <dl><dd>Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Je_Khenpo" title="Je Khenpo">The <i>Je Khenpo</i></a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCBA4;;color: var(--color-base)">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bhutan" title="List of prime ministers of Bhutan">Prime Minister</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lotay_Tshering" title="Lotay Tshering">Lotay Tshering</a></i></dd></dl></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Lhengye_Zhungtshog" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhengye Zhungtshog"><i>Lhengye Zhungtshog</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(council of ministers)</span></a></div></li></ul> <hr /> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Bhutan)" title="National Council (Bhutan)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bhutan)" title="National Assembly (Bhutan)">National Assembly</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Bhutan" title="Judicial system of Bhutan">Judiciary</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Justice" title="Royal Court of Justice">Royal Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bhutan" title="Supreme Court of Bhutan">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Bhutan" title="High Court of Bhutan">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongkhag_Court" title="Dzongkhag Court">Dzongkhag Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungkhag_Court" title="Dungkhag Court">Dungkhag Courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCBA4;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Assembly: <a href="/wiki/2018_Bhutanese_National_Assembly_election" title="2018 Bhutanese National Assembly election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Bhutanese_National_Assembly_election" title="2023–24 Bhutanese National Assembly election">2023–24</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Council: <a href="/wiki/2018_Bhutanese_National_Council_election" title="2018 Bhutanese National Council election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bhutanese_National_Council_election" title="2023 Bhutanese National Council election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2011_Bhutanese_local_elections" title="2011 Bhutanese local elections">2011</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bhutan" title="List of political parties in Bhutan">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCBA4;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bhutan">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bhutan" title="Districts of Bhutan">Districts of Bhutan</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gewogs_of_Bhutan" title="Gewogs of Bhutan">Gewogs</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dungkhag" title="Dungkhag">Dungkhags</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thromde" title="Thromde">Thromdes</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiwogs_of_Bhutan" title="Chiwogs of Bhutan">Chiwogs</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Bhutan" title="List of villages in Bhutan">Villages</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCBA4;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bhutan" title="Foreign relations of Bhutan">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bhutan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Tandi_Dorji" title="Tandi Dorji">Tandi Dorji</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Bhutan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Bhutan">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Bhutan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Bhutan">in Bhutan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_nationality_law" title="Bhutanese nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_passport" title="Bhutanese passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Bhutanese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Bhutanese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Bhutan" title="Visa policy of Bhutan">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Template:Politics of Bhutan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Template talk:Politics of Bhutan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Bhutan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Parliament of Bhutan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzongkha language">Dzongkha</a>: <span lang="dz">རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་ཁང་</span> <i>gyelyong tshokhang</i>) consists of the <a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">King of Bhutan</a> together with a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CoBE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoBE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This bicameral parliament is made up of an upper house, the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council</a> and a lower house, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current parliamentary framework replaced the <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Tshogdu" title="Tshogdu">Tshogdu</a> in 2007, with the first members taking seats in 2008. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_of_Parliament">Composition of Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council of Bhutan</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>, or house of review in the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral legislature</a>. It consists of 25 members: one directly elected from each of the 20 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bhutan" title="Districts of Bhutan">dzongkhags</a> (districts) and 5 appointed by the King under <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">election laws</a>. The National Council meets at least twice a year. The membership elects a Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson from its number. Members and candidates of the National Council are prohibited from holding <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCAct_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAct-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EA08_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA08-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly of Bhutan</a> is the lower house. It consists of a maximum of 47 members directly elected by the citizens of constituencies within each <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bhutan" title="Districts of Bhutan">dzongkhag</a> (district) according to <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">election laws</a>. Each constituency is represented by one National Assembly member; each of the 20 Dzongkhags must be represented by between 2–7 members. Constituencies are reapportioned every 10 years. The National Assembly meets at least twice a year, and elects a Speaker and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Deputy Speaker</a> from among its members. Members and candidates are allowed to hold <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EA08_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA08-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAAct_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAAct-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Constitution sets forth the procedure of the formation of the executive branch and its ministries, including the post of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Bhutan">Prime Minister</a>, according to Parliamentary electoral results. The King recognizes the leader or nominee of the party that wins the majority of seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly</a> as the Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prime Minister is limited to two terms of office.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Ministers are appointed from among National Assembly members by the King on advice of the Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Ministers must be natural-born citizens of Bhutan, and there is a limit of two Ministers from any one Dzongkhag.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">King of Bhutan</a> fulfills further parliamentary duties by reviewing and assenting to bills in order to enact <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_legislation" title="Bhutanese legislation">Bhutanese legislation</a>, and when necessary, by initiating national referendums under <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">election laws</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_powers_and_procedure">Parliamentary powers and procedure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parliamentary powers and procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Council and National Assembly operate under a framework of enumerated substantive powers and duties under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CoBE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoBE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the procedural framework of each body is codified independently in subsequently enacted <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_legislation" title="Bhutanese legislation">legislation</a>: the National Council Act<sup id="cite_ref-NCAct_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAct-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the National Assembly Act.<sup id="cite_ref-NAAct_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAAct-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Acts define operating procedure (such as <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quora</a> and voting) and delegation of duties to committees much like bylaws; the Acts themselves also provide some incidentally related substantive law, such as offenses and penalties for officeholders.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAct_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAct-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAAct_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAAct-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_powers_of_Parliament">Legislative powers of Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative powers of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foremost among the powers and duties of Parliament is the passing of bills. Either the upper house <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council</a>, the lower house <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Bhutan" title="Attorney General of Bhutan">Attorney General</a> may author bills to be passed as acts, with the exception of money and financial bills, which are the sole purview of the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AG06_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AG06-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_legislation" title="Bhutanese legislation">Legislation</a> must be presented bicamerally, at times in joint sittings of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly</a>, however bills may pass by default without vote when none is conducted before the close of the present session.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a bill has been introduced and passed by one house, it must present the bill to the other house within thirty days from the date of passing, and the bill may be passed during the next session of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of budget bills and urgent matters, a bill must be passed in the same session of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bills are ultimately subject to veto and modification by the King, however the King must assent to bills resubmitted after joint sitting and deliberation by the National Council and National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_powers_of_Parliament">Other powers of Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other powers of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliament has the sole authority to alter Bhutan's international territorial boundaries, and internal Dzongkhag and Gewog divisions, with the consent of at least 75% of the total number of members (currently 54).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliament also oversees <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_of_Bhutan_2009" title="Local Government Act of Bhutan 2009">local government administrations</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dzongkhag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzongkhag">Dzongkhag</a> Tshogdus, <a href="/wiki/Gewog" class="mw-redirect" title="Gewog">Gewog</a> Tshogdes, and <a href="/wiki/Thromde" title="Thromde">Thromdes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LGA09_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGA09-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Constitution provides that the National Assembly may, with support of at least two-thirds of its members (currently 32), <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> in the Government. If the vote passes, the King shall dismiss the Government.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 1, § 3; Art. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 11; Art. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 17, § 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 17, § 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 17, § 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 17, §§ 4, 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 13; Art. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 13, § 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 13, §§ 8, 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 13, § 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 13, § 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 13, §§ 10, 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 1, § 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a>: Art. 7, §§ 6, 7</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Bhutan">National Council of Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Bhutan">National Assembly of Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_legislation" title="Bhutanese legislation">Bhutanese legislation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution of Bhutan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">Elections in Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Politics of Bhutan">Politics of Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshogdu" title="Tshogdu">Tshogdu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CoBE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CoBE_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CoBE_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162637/http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20(A5).pdf">"Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (English)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Bhutan. 2008-07-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20(A5).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Kingdom+of+Bhutan+%28English%29&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.bt%2FTsaThrim%2520Eng%2520%28A5%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAct-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAct_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAct_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAct_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalcouncil.bt/images/stories/NC_Act_08_Eng.pdf">"National Council Act 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a>. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Council+Act+2008&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalcouncil.bt%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FNC_Act_08_Eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EA08-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EA08_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EA08_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalcouncil.bt/images/stories/Elec_Eng_08.pdf">"Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a>. 2008-07-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Act+of+the+Kingdom+of+Bhutan+2008&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft.date=2008-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalcouncil.bt%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FElec_Eng_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAAct-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAAct_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAAct_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAAct_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalcouncil.bt/images/stories/NA_Eng_08.pdf">"National Assembly Act 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a>. 2008-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Assembly+Act+2008&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft.date=2008-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalcouncil.bt%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FNA_Eng_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AG06-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AG06_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424025111/http://www.oag.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Office-of-the-Attorney-General-Act-of-Bhutan-2006_English.pdf">"Office of the Attorney General Act of Bhutan 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a>. 2006-06-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oag.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Office-of-the-Attorney-General-Act-of-Bhutan-2006_English.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+Attorney+General+Act+of+Bhutan+2006&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft.date=2006-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oag.gov.bt%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F07%2FOffice-of-the-Attorney-General-Act-of-Bhutan-2006_English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGA09-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGA09_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162642/http://www.nab.gov.bt/downloadsact/Dzo74.pdf">"Local Government Act of Bhutan 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a>. 2009-09-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nab.gov.bt/downloadsact/Dzo74.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Government+Act+of+Bhutan+2009&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft.date=2009-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nab.gov.bt%2Fdownloadsact%2FDzo74.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Bhutan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalcouncil.bt/">"National Council of Bhutan Online"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Council+of+Bhutan+Online&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalcouncil.bt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nab.gov.bt/">"National Assembly of Bhutan Online"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Assembly+of+Bhutan+Online&rft.pub=Government+of+Bhutan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nab.gov.bt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Bhutan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162637/http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20(A5).pdf">"Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Government of Bhutan</a>. 2008-07-18. 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aria-labelledby="Bhutan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bhutan_topics" title="Template:Bhutan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bhutan_topics" title="Template talk:Bhutan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bhutan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bhutan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bhutan_articles" 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2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Bhutan" title="Emblem of Bhutan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/165px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/220px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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Bhutan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valleys_of_Bhutan" title="Valleys of Bhutan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Bhutan" title="Wildlife of Bhutan">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan#Administrative_divisions" title="Bhutan">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Bhutan" title="List of cities in Bhutan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwogs_of_Bhutan" title="Chiwogs of Bhutan"><i>Chiwogs</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(electoral precincts)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dzongkhag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzongkhag">Dzongkhags</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bhutan" title="Districts of Bhutan">districts</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungkhag" title="Dungkhag"><i>Dungkhags</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(subdistricts)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gewogs_of_Bhutan" title="Gewogs of Bhutan"><i>Gewogs</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(village groups)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Bhutan" title="List of villages in Bhutan">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Politics of Bhutan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bhutan" title="Foreign relations of Bhutan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bhutan" title="Human rights in Bhutan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bhutan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bhutan" title="Law enforcement in Bhutan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bhutan" title="Military of Bhutan">Military</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Bhutan)" title="National Council (Bhutan)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bhutan)" title="National Assembly (Bhutan)">National Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bhutan" title="List of political parties in Bhutan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Bhutan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bhutan" title="Economy of Bhutan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bhutan" title="Agriculture in Bhutan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Bhutan" title="List of companies of Bhutan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bhutan" title="Energy in Bhutan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Ngultrum <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bhutan" title="Telecommunications in Bhutan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bhutan" title="Tourism in Bhutan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bhutan" title="Transport in Bhutan">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bhutan" title="Culture of Bhutan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druk_tsendhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk tsendhen">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_wine" title="Bhutanese wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Bhutan" title="Emblem of Bhutan">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bhutan" title="Flag of Bhutan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Bhutan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan" title="Music of Bhutan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bhutan" title="National symbols of Bhutan">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bhutan" title="Public holidays in Bhutan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Bhutan" title="Sports in Bhutan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Bhutan" title="Squatting in Bhutan">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bhutan" title="Demographics of Bhutan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bhutan" title="Crime in Bhutan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bhutan" title="Education in Bhutan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bhutan" title="Ethnic groups in Bhutan">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Bhutan" title="Health in Bhutan">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bhutan" title="Languages of Bhutan">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Bhutan" title="Women in Bhutan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bhutan" title="Outline of Bhutan">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Bhutan-related_articles" title="Index of Bhutan-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan#Further_reading" title="Bhutan">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bhutan" title="Category:Bhutan">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bhutanese_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bhutanese_law" title="Template:Bhutanese law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bhutanese_law" title="Template talk:Bhutanese law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bhutanese_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bhutanese law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bhutanese_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bhutan" title="Law of Bhutan">Bhutanese law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution of Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bhutan" title="Foreign relations of Bhutan">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_legislation" title="Bhutanese legislation">Acts</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/80px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions<br />and agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Bhutan" title="Attorney General of Bhutan">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Bhutan" title="Judicial system of Bhutan">Judicial system</a>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Justice" title="Royal Court of Justice">Royal Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_and_Cultural_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs">Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bhutan_Police" title="Royal Bhutan Police">Police and prisons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bhutan" title="Supreme Court of Bhutan">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Bhutan" title="High Court of Bhutan">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongkhag_Court" title="Dzongkhag Court">Dzongkhag Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungkhag_Court" title="Dungkhag Court">Dungkhag Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Bhutan" title="Capital punishment in Bhutan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Bhutan" title="Censorship in Bhutan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bhutan" title="Crime in Bhutan">Crime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Driglam_namzha" title="Driglam namzha">Driglam namzha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">Elections and voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bhutan" title="Human rights in Bhutan">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration in Bhutan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bhutan" title="Law enforcement in Bhutan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bhutan">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_of_Bhutan_2009" title="Local Government Act of Bhutan 2009">Local governance (decentralization)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_refugees" title="Bhutanese refugees">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Religious freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Bhutan" title="Taxation in Bhutan">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_Control_Act_of_Bhutan_2010" title="Tobacco Control Act of Bhutan 2010">Tobacco laws</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template talk:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislature (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bahrain)" title="National Assembly (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyidaungsu_Hluttaw" title="Pyidaungsu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Oman" title="Council of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau_National_Congress" title="Palau National Congress">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Assembly_(Tajikistan)" title="Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Thailand)" title="National Assembly (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Turkmenistan" title="National Council of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliy_Majlis" title="Oliy Majlis">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Venezuela" title="Congress of Venezuela">Venezuela (1811-1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Congress" title="Confederate States Congress">Confederate States (1862–1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">(1969–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu#Division" title="Riigikogu">Estonia (1938–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Serbia#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Serbia">Serbia (1901–1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union (1938–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Congress of the Republic of Texas">Texas (1836–1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" title="Assembly of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia and 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