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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=AlexNet" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=AlexNet" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-网络设计" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#网络设计"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>网络设计</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-网络设计-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">AlexNet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。11种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ألكسنت – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%86%D8%AA" title="الکس نت – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکس نت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%8A%A4%EB%84%B7" title="알렉스넷 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉스넷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="AlexNet" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28325009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/AlexNet" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:AlexNet&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/AlexNet" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/AlexNet" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/AlexNet"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/AlexNet"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/AlexNet" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/AlexNet" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&oldid=85953217" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=AlexNet&id=85953217&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlexNet"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlexNet"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=AlexNet&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28325009" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div 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/></a><figcaption>Comparison of the LeNet and AlexNet convolution, pooling and dense layers</figcaption></figure> <p><b>AlexNet</b>是一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="卷积神经网络">卷积神经网络</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%BE%A4%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="亞歷克斯·克里澤夫斯基">亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基</a>设计<sup id="cite_ref-quartz_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quartz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E8%98%87%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%AD" title="伊爾亞·蘇茨克維">伊尔亚·苏茨克维</a>和克里泽夫斯基的博士导师<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="杰弗里·辛顿">杰弗里·辛顿</a>共同发表<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>AlexNet参加了2012年9月30日举行的<a href="/wiki/ImageNet" title="ImageNet">ImageNet</a>大规模视觉识别挑战赛<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，达到最低的15.3%的Top-5错误率，比第二名低10.8个百分点。原论文的主要结论是，模型的深度对于提高性能至关重要，AlexNet的计算成本很高，但因在训练过程中使用了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="圖形處理器">图形处理器</a>（GPU）而使得计算具有可行性<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AlexNet并不是卷积神经网络（CNN）第一次利用快速GPU实现而赢得图像识别竞赛。K. Chellapilla等人（2006）在GPU上的CNN比同等的CPU实现速度快4倍<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。Dan Ciresan等人（2011）的深层CNN在<a href="/w/index.php?title=IDSIA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IDSIA（页面不存在）">IDSIA</a>上已经快了60倍<sup id="cite_ref-flexible_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flexible-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并在2011年8月取得了超过人类的表现<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。从2011年5月15日到2012年9月10日，他们的CNN赢得了不少于四场图像竞赛<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schdeepscholar_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schdeepscholar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他们还极大提高了文献中多个图像<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="数据库">数据库</a>的最佳性能<sup id="cite_ref-mcdns_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcdns-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>根据AlexNet的论文<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其与Ciresan的早期网络“有些相似”。两者最初都用<a href="/wiki/CUDA" title="CUDA">CUDA</a>编写，可在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="圖形處理器">GPU</a>支持下运行。实际上，两者都是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%98%86" title="杨立昆">杨立昆</a>等人（1989）介绍的CNN设计的变体<sup id="cite_ref-lecun1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lecun1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lecun98_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lecun98-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，他将<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="反向传播算法">反向传播算法</a>应用于福岛邦彦（<span lang="jaa">福島邦彦</span>）最初提出的CNN架构“<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neocognitron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neocognitron（页面不存在）">neocognitron</a>”的一个变种<sup id="cite_ref-fukuneoscholar_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fukuneoscholar-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-intro_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。后来J. Weng提出的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="卷积神经网络">最大池化方法</a>修改了该架构<sup id="cite_ref-weng1993_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weng1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schdeepscholar_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schdeepscholar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="网络设计"><span id=".E7.BD.91.E7.BB.9C.E8.AE.BE.E8.AE.A1"></span>网络设计</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：网络设计"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AlexNet包含八层。前五层是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF" title="卷积">卷积</a>层，之后一些层是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="卷积神经网络">最大池化</a>层，最后三层是全连接层<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。它使用了非饱和的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E6%95%B4%E6%B5%81%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="线性整流函数">ReLU</a>激活函数，显示出比<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%9B%B2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="双曲函数">tanh</a>和<a href="/wiki/S%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="S函数">sigmoid</a>更好的训练性能<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影响"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AlexNet被认为是计算机视觉领域最有影响力的论文之一，它刺激了更多使用卷积神经网络和GPU来加速深度学习的论文的出现<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根據Google scholar網站統計，截至2024年中，AlexNet论文已被引用超过157,000次<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基"><span id=".E4.BA.9A.E5.8E.86.E5.85.8B.E6.96.AF.C2.B7.E5.85.8B.E9.87.8C.E6.B3.BD.E5.A4.AB.E6.96.AF.E5.9F.BA"></span>亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>亚历克斯·克里泽夫斯基（出生于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>长大）是一名<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机科学">计算机科学家</a>，以在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="人工神经网络">人工神经网络</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="深度学习">深度学习</a>方面的工作而著称。在通过AlexNet赢得ImageNet 2012挑战赛后不久，他和同事将他们的创业公司DNN研究公司（DNN Research Inc.）卖给了<a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a><sup id="cite_ref-quartz_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quartz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。克里泽夫斯基对这项工作失去兴趣后，于2017年9月离开了Google<sup id="cite_ref-quartz_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quartz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在Dessa公司，克里泽夫斯基将为新的深度学习技术提供建议和帮助<sup id="cite_ref-quartz_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quartz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。研究人员经常引用他的许多有关<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="计算机视觉">计算机视觉</a>的论文<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleScholar_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleScholar-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlexNet&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-quartz-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quartz_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quartz_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quartz_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quartz_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dave Gershgorn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1307091/the-inside-story-of-how-ai-got-good-enough-to-dominate-silicon-valley/">The inside story of how AI got good enough to dominate Silicon Valley</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1%E8%B4%A2%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91" title="石英财经网">Quartz</a>. 2018-06-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212224842/https://qz.com/1307091/the-inside-story-of-how-ai-got-good-enough-to-dominate-silicon-valley/">存档</a>于2019-12-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AAlexNet&rft.atitle=The+inside+story+of+how+AI+got+good+enough+to+dominate+Silicon+Valley&rft.au=Dave+Gershgorn&rft.date=2018-06-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1307091%2Fthe-inside-story-of-how-ai-got-good-enough-to-dominate-silicon-valley%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1034972/the-data-that-changed-the-direction-of-ai-research-and-possibly-the-world/">The data that transformed AI research—and possibly the world</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170727173117/https://qz.com/1034972/the-data-that-changed-the-direction-of-ai-research-and-possibly-the-world/">存档</a>于2017-07-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AAlexNet&rft.btitle=The+data+that+transformed+AI+research%E2%80%94and+possibly+the+world&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1034972%2Fthe-data-that-changed-the-direction-of-ai-research-and-possibly-the-world%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/results.html">ILSVRC2012 Results</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200116011309/http://image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/results.html">存档</a>于2020-01-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AAlexNet&rft.btitle=ILSVRC2012+Results&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.image-net.org%2Fchallenges%2FLSVRC%2F2012%2Fresults.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><sup><b>4.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-4"><sup><b>4.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Krizhevsky, Alex; 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Communications of the ACM. 2017-05-24, <b>60</b> (6): 84–90 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-17</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-0782"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0001-0782</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3065386"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1145/3065386</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516174757/http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-05-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AAlexNet&rft.atitle=ImageNet+classification+with+deep+convolutional+neural+networks&rft.au=Hinton%2C+Geoffrey+E.&rft.au=Sutskever%2C+Ilya&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.aulast=Krizhevsky&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0001-0782&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.pages=84-90&rft.volume=60&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.nips.cc%2Fpaper%2F4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3065386&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kumar Chellapilla; Sid Puri; Patrice Simard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00112631/document">High Performance Convolutional Neural Networks for Document Processing</a>. 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title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Differentiable_computing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Differentiable computing（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Differentiable_computing" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Differentiable computing"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="可微分计算" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">可微分计算</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%BE%AE%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="可微函数">概论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="可微分编程">可微分编程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86" title="自動微分">自動微分</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F%E5%BE%AE%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="張量微積分">张量微积分</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="信息几何">信息几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2" title="统计流形">统计流形</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神经形态工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neuromorphic engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神经形态工程（页面不存在）">神经形态工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromorphic_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Neuromorphic engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neuromorphic engineering</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB" title="模式识别">模式识别</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="运算学习理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational learning theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="运算学习理论（页面不存在）">运算学习理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_learning_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Computational learning theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational learning theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%92%E7%BA%B3%E5%81%8F%E7%BD%AE" title="归纳偏置">归纳偏置</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D%E6%B3%95" title="梯度下降法">梯度下降</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="随机梯度下降" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stochastic gradient descent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="随机梯度下降（页面不存在）">SGD</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_gradient_descent" class="extiw" title="en:Stochastic gradient descent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stochastic gradient descent</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="聚类分析">聚类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="迴歸分析">回归</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E9%81%A9" title="過適">过拟合</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%A7%89_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD)" title="幻觉 (人工智能)">幻觉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对抗机器学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adversarial machine learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对抗机器学习（页面不存在）">对抗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adversarial_machine_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Adversarial machine learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adversarial machine learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="注意力机制">注意力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF" title="卷积">卷积</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%90%8D%E5%A4%B1%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="分類問題之損失函數">損失函數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="反向传播算法">反向传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E6%B4%BB%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="激活函数">激活函数</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Softmax%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="Softmax函数">softmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E5%9E%8B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="S型函数">sigmoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E6%95%B4%E6%B5%81%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="线性整流函数">ReLU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E5%8C%96_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="正则化 (数学)">正则化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AD%E7%BB%83%E9%9B%86%E3%80%81%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E9%9B%86%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E9%9B%86" title="训练集、验证集和测试集">数据集</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扩散过程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diffusion process"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扩散过程（页面不存在）">扩散</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_process" class="extiw" title="en:Diffusion process"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diffusion process</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="自我迴歸模型">自回归</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">应用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="人工神经网络">人工神经网络</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="深度学习">深度学习</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="运算科学">科学计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="語言模型">語言模型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="大型语言模型">大型语言模型</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">硬件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%87%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83" title="张量处理单元">TPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83" title="视觉处理单元">VPU</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Graphcore" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Graphcore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphcore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graphcore（页面不存在）">IPU</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphcore" class="extiw" title="en:Graphcore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Graphcore</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B6%E9%98%BB%E5%99%A8" title="憶阻器">憶阻器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SpiNNaker" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SpiNNaker"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SpiNNaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpiNNaker（页面不存在）">SpiNNaker</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiNNaker" class="extiw" title="en:SpiNNaker"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SpiNNaker</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">软件库</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theano" title="Theano">Theano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keras" title="Keras">Keras</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PyTorch" title="PyTorch">PyTorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAX" title="JAX">JAX</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Flux (机器学习框架)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flux (machine-learning framework)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flux_(%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flux (机器学习框架)（页面不存在）">Flux.jl</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(machine-learning_framework)" class="extiw" title="en:Flux (machine-learning framework)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flux (machine-learning framework)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">架构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E5%99%A8" title="多层感知器">多层感知器</a>（MLP）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="循环神经网络">循环神经网络</a>（RNN）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="長短期記憶">長短期記憶</a>（LSTM）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="门控循环单元" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gated recurrent unit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="门控循环单元（页面不存在）">门控循环单元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit" class="extiw" title="en:Gated recurrent unit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gated recurrent unit</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（GRU）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="卷积神经网络">卷积神经网络</a>（CNN）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%8B%E5%B7%AE%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="残差神经网络">残差神经网络</a>（ResNet）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="Transformer模型">变换器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%99%A8" title="自编码器">自编码器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E5%88%86%E8%87%AA%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%99%A8" title="变分自编码器">变分自编码器</a>（VAE）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="生成对抗网络">生成对抗网络</a>（GAN）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="图神经网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Graph neural network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图神经网络（页面不存在）">图神经网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_neural_network" class="extiw" title="en:Graph neural network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Graph neural network</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（GNN）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回响状态网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Echo state network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E5%93%8D%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回响状态网络（页面不存在）">回响状态网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_state_network" class="extiw" title="en:Echo state network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Echo state network</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（ESN）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E6%9C%BA" title="神经图灵机">神经图灵机</a>（NTM）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可微分神经计算机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Differentiable neural computer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可微分神经计算机（页面不存在）">可微分神经计算机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable_neural_computer" class="extiw" title="en:Differentiable neural computer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Differentiable neural computer</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（DNC）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span 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class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">AlexNet</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>11种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-58c4b96c94-lsqs5","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.434","walltime":"0.535","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1600,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":283016,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":601,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":39372,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 380.931 1 -total"," 37.58% 143.140 1 Template:Reflist"," 32.89% 125.287 1 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