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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Hayder H. Kareem</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hayder H. Kareem"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hayder H. Kareem"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Hayder H. 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Kareem"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 53</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hayder H. Kareem</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Application of Distributed Value Property Zones Approach on the Hydraulic Conductivity for Real Site Located in Al-Najaf Region, Iraq to Investigate the Groundwater Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20H.%20Kareem">Hayder H. Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayad%20K.%20Hussein"> Ayad K. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aseel%20A.%20Alkatib"> Aseel A. Alkatib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater accumulated at geological formations constitutes a worldwide vital water resource component which can be used to supply agriculture, industry, and domestic uses. The subsurface environment is affected by human activities; consequently, planning and sustainable management of aquifers require serious attention, especially as the world is exposed to the problem of global warming. Establishing accurate and efficient groundwater models will provide confident results for the behavior of the aquifer's system. The new approach, 'Distributed Value Property Zones,' available in Visual MODFLOW, is used to reconstruct the subsurface zones of the Al-Najaf region aquifer, and then its effect is compared with those manual and automated (PEST) approaches. Results show that the model has become more accurate with the use of the new approach, as the calibration and results analyses revealed. The assessment of the Al-Najaf region groundwater aquifer has revealed a degree of insufficiency of the required pumping demand, which reflects dry areas in both of the aquifer's layers. In addition, with pumping, the Euphrates River loses water of 7458 m³/day to the aquifer, while without pumping, it gains 28837 m³/day from the rainfall's recharge. The distributed value property zones approach achieves a precise groundwater model to assess the state of the Al-Najaf region aquifer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Najaf%20region" title="Al-Najaf region">Al-Najaf region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20value%20property%20zones%20approach" title=" distributed value property zones approach"> distributed value property zones approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" hydraulic conductivity"> hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20modelling%20using%20visual%20MODFLOW" title=" groundwater modelling using visual MODFLOW"> groundwater modelling using visual MODFLOW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131525/application-of-distributed-value-property-zones-approach-on-the-hydraulic-conductivity-for-real-site-located-in-al-najaf-region-iraq-to-investigate-the-groundwater-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Estimating of Groundwater Recharge Value for Al-Najaf City, Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20H.%20Kareem">Hayder H. Kareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater recharge is a crucial parameter for any groundwater management system. The variability of the recharge rates and the difficulty in estimating this factor in many processes by direct observation leads to the complexity of estimating the recharge value. Various methods are existing to estimate the groundwater recharge, with some limitations for each method to be able for application. This paper focuses particularly on a real study area, Al-Najaf City, Iraq. In this city, there are few groundwater aquifers, but the aquifer which is considered in this study is the closest one to the ground surface, the Dibdibba aquifer. According to the Aridity Index, which is estimated in the paper, Al-Najaf City is classified as a region located in an arid climate, and this identified that the most appropriate method to estimate the groundwater recharge is Thornthwaite's formula or Thornthwaite's method. From the calculations, the estimated average groundwater recharge over the period 1980-2014 for Al-Najaf City is 40.32 mm/year. Groundwater recharge is completely affected the groundwater table level (groundwater head). Therefore, to make sure that this value of recharge is true, the MODFLOW program has been used to apply this value through finding the relationship between the calculated and observed heads where a groundwater model for the Al-Najaf City study area has been built by MODFLOW to simulate this area for different purposes, one of these purposes is to simulate the groundwater recharge. MODFLOW results show that this value of groundwater recharge is extremely high and needs to be reduced. Therefore, a further sensitivity test has been carried out for the Al-Najaf City study area by the MODFLOW program through changing the recharge value and found that the best estimation of groundwater recharge value for this city is 16.5 mm/year where this value gives the best fitting between the calculated and observed heads with minimum values of RMSE % (13.175) and RSS m² (1454). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Najaf%20City" title="Al-Najaf City">Al-Najaf City</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20modelling" title=" groundwater modelling"> groundwater modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recharge%20estimation" title=" recharge estimation"> recharge estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20MODFLOW" title=" visual MODFLOW"> visual MODFLOW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131767/estimating-of-groundwater-recharge-value-for-al-najaf-city-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Impact of Interface Soil Layer on Groundwater Aquifer Behaviour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20H.%20Kareem">Hayder H. Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunqi%20Pan"> Shunqi Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The geological environment where the groundwater is collected represents the most important element that affects the behaviour of groundwater aquifer. As groundwater is a worldwide vital resource, it requires knowing the parameters that affect this source accurately so that the conceptualized mathematical models would be acceptable to the broadest ranges. Therefore, groundwater models have recently become an effective and efficient tool to investigate groundwater aquifer behaviours. Groundwater aquifer may contain aquitards, aquicludes, or interfaces within its geological formations. Aquitards and aquicludes have geological formations that forced the modellers to include those formations within the conceptualized groundwater models, while interfaces are commonly neglected from the conceptualization process because the modellers believe that the interface has no effect on aquifer behaviour. The current research highlights the impact of an interface existing in a real unconfined groundwater aquifer called Dibdibba, located in Al-Najaf City, Iraq where it has a river called the Euphrates River that passes through the eastern part of this city. Dibdibba groundwater aquifer consists of two types of soil layers separated by an interface soil layer. A groundwater model is built for Al-Najaf City to explore the impact of this interface. Calibration process is done using PEST 'Parameter ESTimation' approach and the best Dibdibba groundwater model is obtained. When the soil interface is conceptualized, results show that the groundwater tables are significantly affected by that interface through appearing dry areas of 56.24 km² and 6.16 km² in the upper and lower layers of the aquifer, respectively. The Euphrates River will also leak water into the groundwater aquifer of 7359 m³/day. While these results are changed when the soil interface is neglected where the dry area became 0.16 km², the Euphrates River leakage became 6334 m³/day. In addition, the conceptualized models (with and without interface) reveal different responses for the change in the recharge rates applied on the aquifer through the uncertainty analysis test. The aquifer of Dibdibba in Al-Najaf City shows a slight deficit in the amount of water supplied by the current pumping scheme and also notices that the Euphrates River suffers from stresses applied to the aquifer. Ultimately, this study shows a crucial need to represent the interface soil layer in model conceptualization to be the intended and future predicted behaviours more reliable for consideration purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Najaf%20City" title="Al-Najaf City">Al-Najaf City</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20aquifer%20behaviour" title=" groundwater aquifer behaviour"> groundwater aquifer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20modelling" title=" groundwater modelling"> groundwater modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20soil%20layer" title=" interface soil layer"> interface soil layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Visual%20MODFLOW" title=" Visual MODFLOW"> Visual MODFLOW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88148/impact-of-interface-soil-layer-on-groundwater-aquifer-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Enhancing of Laser Imaging by Using Ultrasound Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Raad%20Hafuze">Hayder Raad Hafuze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munqith%20Saleem%20Dawood"> Munqith Saleem Dawood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Abdul%20Jabbar"> Jamal Abdul Jabbar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of using both ultrasounds with laser in medical imaging of the biological tissue has been studied in this paper. Different wave lengths of incident laser light (405 nm, 532 nm, 650 nm, 808 nm and 1064 nm) were used with different ultrasound frequencies (1MHz and 3.3MHz). The results showed that, the change of acoustic intensity enhance the laser penetration of the tissue for different thickness. The existence of the ideal Raman-Nath diffraction pattern were investigated in terms of phase delay and incident angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue" title="tissue">tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect"> effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging" title=" imaging "> imaging </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45517/enhancing-of-laser-imaging-by-using-ultrasound-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Modelling of Groundwater Resources for Al-Najaf City, Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20H.%20Kareem">Hayder H. Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunqi%20Pan"> Shunqi Pan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater is a vital water resource in many areas in the world, particularly in the Middle-East region where the water resources become scarce and depleting. Sustainable management and planning of the groundwater resources become essential and urgent given the impact of the global climate change. In the recent years, numerical models have been widely used to predict the flow pattern and assess the water resources security, as well as the groundwater quality affected by the contaminants transported. In this study, MODFLOW is used to study the current status of groundwater resources and the risk of water resource security in the region centred at Al-Najaf City, which is located in the mid-west of Iraq and adjacent to the Euphrates River. In this study, a conceptual model is built using the geologic and hydrogeologic collected for the region, together with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data obtained from the "Global Land Cover Facility" (GLCF) and "United State Geological Survey" (USGS) for the study area. The computer model is also implemented with the distributions of 69 wells in the area with the steady pro-defined hydraulic head along its boundaries. The model is then applied with the recharge rate (from precipitation) of 7.55 mm/year, given from the analysis of the field data in the study area for the period of 1980-2014. The hydraulic conductivity from the measurements at the locations of wells is interpolated for model use. The model is calibrated with the measured hydraulic heads at the locations of 50 of 69 wells in the domain and results show a good agreement. The standard-error-of-estimate (SEE), root-mean-square errors (RMSE), Normalized RMSE and correlation coefficient are 0.297 m, 2.087 m, 6.899% and 0.971 respectively. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out, and it is found that the model is sensitive to recharge, particularly when the rate is greater than (15mm/year). Hydraulic conductivity is found to be another parameter which can affect the results significantly, therefore it requires high quality field data. The results show that there is a general flow pattern from the west to east of the study area, which agrees well with the observations and the gradient of the ground surface. It is found that with the current operational pumping rates of the wells in the area, a dry area is resulted in Al-Najaf City due to the large quantity of groundwater withdrawn. The computed water balance with the current operational pumping quantity shows that the Euphrates River supplies water into the groundwater of approximately 11759 m3/day, instead of gaining water of 11178 m3/day from the groundwater if no pumping from the wells. It is expected that the results obtained from the study can provide important information for the sustainable and effective planning and management of the regional groundwater resources for Al-Najaf City. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Najaf%20city" title="Al-Najaf city">Al-Najaf city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20modelling" title=" conceptual modelling"> conceptual modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20aquifer" title=" unconfined aquifer"> unconfined aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20MODFLOW" title=" visual MODFLOW"> visual MODFLOW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44596/modelling-of-groundwater-resources-for-al-najaf-city-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Further Results on Modified Variational Iteration Method for the Analytical Solution of Nonlinear Advection Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Gbolagade">A. W. Gbolagade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O.%20Olayiwola"> M. O. Olayiwola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20O.%20Kareem"> K. O. Kareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, further to our result on recent paper on the solution of nonlinear advection equations, we present further results on the nonlinear nonhomogeneous advection equations using a modified variational iteration method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagrange%20multiplier" title="lagrange multiplier">lagrange multiplier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-homogeneous%20equations" title=" non-homogeneous equations"> non-homogeneous equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advection%20equations" title=" advection equations"> advection equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3945/further-results-on-modified-variational-iteration-method-for-the-analytical-solution-of-nonlinear-advection-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Breakdown Voltage Measurement of High Voltage Transformers Oils Using an Active Microwave Resonator Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Al-Mudhafar">Ahmed A. Al-Mudhafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Abduljabar"> Ali A. Abduljabar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Jawad%20Albattat"> Hayder Jawad Albattat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work suggests a new microwave resonator sensor (MRS) device for measuring the oil’s breakdown voltage of high voltage transformers. A precise high-sensitivity sensor is designed and manufactured based on a microstrip split ring resonator (SRR). To improve the sensor sensitivity, a RF amplifier of 30 dB gain is linked through a transmission line of 50Ω.The sensor operates at a microwave band (L) with a quality factor of 1.35x105 when it is loaded with an empty tube. In this work, the sensor has been tested with three samples of high voltage transformer oil of different ages (new, middle, and damaged) where the quality factor differs with each sample. A mathematical model was built to calculate the breakdown voltage of the transformer oils and the accuracy of the results was higher than 90%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20resonator%20sensor" title="active resonator sensor">active resonator sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20breakdown%20voltage" title=" oil breakdown voltage"> oil breakdown voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformers%20oils" title=" transformers oils"> transformers oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20factor" title=" quality factor"> quality factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157297/breakdown-voltage-measurement-of-high-voltage-transformers-oils-using-an-active-microwave-resonator-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Design Procedure of Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Shanbara">Hayder Shanbara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicite%20Ruddock"> Felicite Ruddock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Atherton"> William Atherton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al-Rifaie"> Ali Al-Rifaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In highways construction, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is used predominantly as a paving material from many years. Around 90 percent of the world road network is laid by flexible pavements. However, there are some restrictions on paving hot mix asphalt such as immoderate greenhouse gas emission, rainy season difficulties, fuel and energy consumption and cost. Therefore, Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixture (CBEM) is considered an alternative mix to the HMA. CBEM is the popular type of Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA). It is unheated emulsion, aggregate and filler mixtures, which can be prepared and mixed at ambient temperature. This research presents a simple and more practicable design procedure of CBEM and discusses limitations of this design. CBEM is a mixture of bitumen emulsion and aggregates that mixed and produced at ambient temperature. It is relatively easy to produce, but the design procedure that provided by Asphalt Institute (Manual Series 14 (1989)) pose some issues in its practical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20bitumen" title="cold bitumen">cold bitumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20mixture" title=" emulsion mixture"> emulsion mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20procedure" title=" design procedure"> design procedure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76521/design-procedure-of-cold-bitumen-emulsion-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Unsteady Reactive Hydromagnetic Fluid Flow of a Two-Step Exothermic Chemical Reaction through a Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Gbadeyan">J. A. Gbadeyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Kareem"> R. A. Kareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigated the effects of unsteady internal heat generation of a two-step exothermic reactive hydromagnetic fluid flow under different chemical kinetics namely: Sensitized, Arrhenius and Bimolecular kinetics through an isothermal wall temperature channel. The resultant modeled nonlinear partial differential equations were simplified and solved using a combined Laplace-Differential Transform Method (LDTM). The solutions obtained were discussed and presented graphically to show the salient features of the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady" title="unsteady">unsteady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive" title=" reactive"> reactive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydromagnetic" title=" hydromagnetic"> hydromagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=couette%20%0D%0Aow" title=" couette ow"> couette ow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exothermi%20creactio" title=" exothermi creactio"> exothermi creactio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28748/unsteady-reactive-hydromagnetic-fluid-flow-of-a-two-step-exothermic-chemical-reaction-through-a-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Using Mind Mapping and Morphological Analysis within a New Methodology for Teaching Students of Products’ Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kareem%20Saber">Kareem Saber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many products’ design instructors search for how to help students to develop their designs simply by reducing design stages and extrapolating simple design process forms to achieve design creativity. So, the researcher extrapolated a new design process form called “hierarchical design” which reduced design process into three stages and he had tried that methodology on about two hundred students. That trial had led to great results as students could develop their designs which characterized by creativity and innovation. That proved the success and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mind%20mapping" title="mind mapping">mind mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20analysis" title=" morphological analysis"> morphological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20design" title=" product design"> product design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20process" title=" design process "> design process </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122030/using-mind-mapping-and-morphological-analysis-within-a-new-methodology-for-teaching-students-of-products-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Using CFRP Sheets and Anchors on Sand-Lightweight Perlite Concrete to Evaluate the Flexural Behaviour of T-Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Zaki">Mohammed Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Rasheed"> Hayder Rasheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the flexural response of sand-lightweight Perlite concrete using full-scale reinforced concrete T beams strengthened and anchored with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. Four specimens were prepared with the same geometry, steel reinforcements, concrete properties, and span lengths. The anchored beams had a similar number of CFRP sheets but were secured utilizing different arrangements of CFRP fiber anchors. That will allow for effective and easily making comparisons to examine the flexural strengthening behavior of sand-lightweight Perlite concrete beams with anchors. The experimental outcomes were also compared with the numerical study and the comparisons were discussed. The test results showed an improvement in flexural behavior due to the use of CFRP sheets and anchors. Interestingly, the anchored beams recorded similar ultimate strength regardless of the number of CFRP fiber anchors used due to the failure by excessive wide cracks in the concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perlite%20concrete" title="perlite concrete">perlite concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP%20fiber%20anchors" title=" CFRP fiber anchors"> CFRP fiber anchors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title=" lightweight concrete"> lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full-scale%20T-beams" title=" full-scale T-beams"> full-scale T-beams</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167039/using-cfrp-sheets-and-anchors-on-sand-lightweight-perlite-concrete-to-evaluate-the-flexural-behaviour-of-t-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Performance Evaluation of Content Based Image Retrieval Using Indexed Views </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Iqbal">Tahir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mumtaz%20Ali"> Mumtaz Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Wajahat%20Kareem"> Syed Wajahat Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Harris"> Muhammad Harris </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital information is expanding in exponential order in our life. Information that is residing online and offline are stored in huge repositories relating to every aspect of our lives. Getting the required information is a task of retrieval systems. Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is a retrieval system that retrieves the required information from repositories on the basis of the contents of the image. Time is a critical factor in retrieval system and using indexed views with CBIR system improves the time efficiency of retrieved results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20based%20image%20retrieval%20%28CBIR%29" title="content based image retrieval (CBIR)">content based image retrieval (CBIR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indexed%20view" title=" indexed view"> indexed view</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color" title=" color"> color</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20retrieval" title=" image retrieval"> image retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20correlation" title=" cross correlation"> cross correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11165/performance-evaluation-of-content-based-image-retrieval-using-indexed-views" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Entropy Generation of Unsteady Reactive Hydromagnetic Generalized Couette Fluid Flow of a Two-Step Exothermic Chemical Reaction Through a Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasaq%20Kareem">Rasaq Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20Gbadeyan"> Jacob Gbadeyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, analysis of the entropy generation of an unsteady reactive hydromagnetic generalized couette fluid flow of a two-step exothermic chemical reaction through a channel with isothermal wall temperature under the influence of different chemical kinetics namely: Sensitized, Arrhenius and Bimolecular kinetics was investigated. The modelled nonlinear dimensionless equations governing the fluid flow were simplified and solved using the combined Laplace Differential Transform Method (LDTM). The effects of fluid parameters associated with the problem on the fluid temperature, entropy generation rate and Bejan number were discussed and presented through graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=couette" title="couette">couette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exothermic" title=" exothermic"> exothermic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady" title=" unsteady"> unsteady</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26394/entropy-generation-of-unsteady-reactive-hydromagnetic-generalized-couette-fluid-flow-of-a-two-step-exothermic-chemical-reaction-through-a-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> The Synergistic Effects of Using Silicon and Selenium on Fruiting of Zaghloul Date Palm (Phoenix dectylifera L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Gad%20El-%20Kareem">M. R. Gad El- Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20K.%20Abdel%20Aal"> A. M. K. Abdel Aal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Y.%20Mohamed"> A. Y. Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During 2011 and 2012 seasons, Zaghloul date palms received four sprays of silicon (Si) at 0.05 to 0.1% and selenium (Se) at 0.01 to 0.02%. Growths, nutritional status, yield as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits in response to application of silicon and selenium were investigated. Single and combined applications of silicon at 0.05 to 0.1% and selenium at 0.01 to 0.02% was very effective in enhancing the leaf area, total chlorophylls, percentages of N, P, and K in the leaves, yield, bunch weight as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits in relative to the check treatment. Silicon was superior to selenium in this respect. Combined application was favourable than using each alone in this connection. Treating Zaghloul date palms four times with a mixture of silicon at 0.05% + selenium at 0.01% resulted in an economical yield and producing better fruit quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palms" title="date palms">date palms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaghloul" title=" Zaghloul"> Zaghloul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenium" title=" selenium"> selenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20area" title=" leaf area"> leaf area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6513/the-synergistic-effects-of-using-silicon-and-selenium-on-fruiting-of-zaghloul-date-palm-phoenix-dectylifera-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement Modified Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Kamil%20Shanbara">Hayder Kamil Shanbara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicite%20Ruddock"> Felicite Ruddock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Atherton"> William Atherton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassier%20A.%20Nassir"> Nassier A. Nassir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cold bitumen emulsion mixture (CBEM) offers a series benefits as compared with hot mix asphalt (HMA); these include environmental factors, energy saving, the resolution of logistical challenges that can characterise hot mix, and the potential to reserve funds. However, this mixture has some problems similar to any bituminous mixtures as it has low early strength, long curing time that needed to obtain the maximum performance, high air voids and considered inferior to HMA. Thus, CBEM has been used in limited applications such as lightly trafficked roads, footways and reinstatements. This laboratory study describes the development of CBEM using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) instead of the traditional mineral filler. Stiffness modulus, moisture damage and temperature sensitivity tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the produced mixtures. The study concluded that there is a substantial improvement in the mechanical properties and moisture damage resistance of CBEMs containing OPC. Also, the produced cement modified CBEM shows a considerable lower thermal sensitivity than the conventional CBEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20bitumen%20emulsion%20mixture" title="cold bitumen emulsion mixture">cold bitumen emulsion mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20damage" title=" moisture damage"> moisture damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPC" title=" OPC"> OPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness%20modulus" title=" stiffness modulus"> stiffness modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20sensitivity" title=" temperature sensitivity"> temperature sensitivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94533/mechanical-properties-of-ordinary-portland-cement-modified-cold-bitumen-emulsion-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Preliminary Design Considerations for Achieving Stabilized Orbit, Telemetary, Command, and Ranging for HTS Communication Satellite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Isa%20Ali%20%28Pantami%29">Ibrahim Isa Ali (Pantami)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdu%20Jaafaru%20Bambale"> Abdu Jaafaru Bambale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abimbola%20Alale"> Abimbola Alale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danjuma%20Ibrahim%20%20Ndihgihdah"> Danjuma Ibrahim Ndihgihdah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Alkali"> Muhammad Alkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Idris%20Umar"> Adamu Idris Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20Olufunmilayo%20Abodunrin"> Samson Olufunmilayo Abodunrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dokko%20Zubairu"> Muhammad Dokko Zubairu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshood%20Kareem"> Moshood Kareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the consideration and trade-offs used for the implementation of robust systems for orbit stability; Telemetry, Command and Ranging (TC& R) for Nigcomsat-1R and applicability for planned NigComSat-2 satellites. NigComSat-1R satellite was built by China Academy of Space Technology (CAST). The Satellite designed with quad-band payload (L, C, Ku, and Ka) was launched on the 20th of December 2011. The functionality of all satellite is driven by robust systems including Attitude & Orbit Control System (AOCS) and TC&R. The planned Nigcomsat-2 is a high throughput Satellite expected to function with better AOCS and TC&R. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AOCS" title="AOCS">AOCS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAST" title=" CAST"> CAST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigcomsat-1R" title=" Nigcomsat-1R"> Nigcomsat-1R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TC%26R" title=" TC&R"> TC&R</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158991/preliminary-design-considerations-for-achieving-stabilized-orbit-telemetary-command-and-ranging-for-hts-communication-satellite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Decision Making during the Project Management Life Cycle of Infrastructure Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karrar%20Raoof%20Kareem%20Kamoona">Karrar Raoof Kareem Kamoona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Fathi%20Taher%20AlHares"> Enas Fathi Taher AlHares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Isik"> Zeynep Isik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The various disciplines in the construction industry and the co-existence of the people in the various disciplines are what builds well-developed, closely-knit interpersonal skills at various hierarchical levels thus leading to a varied way of leadership. The varied decision making aspects during the lifecycle of a project include: autocratic, participatory and last but not least, free-rein. We can classify some of the decision makers in the construction industry in a hierarchical manner as follows: project executive, project manager, superintendent, office engineer and finally the field engineer. This survey looked at how decisions are made during the construction period by the key stakeholders in the project. From the paper it is evident that the three decision making aspects can be used at different times or at times together in order to bring out the best leadership decision. A blend of different leadership styles should be used to enhance the success rate during the project lifecycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20style" title="leadership style">leadership style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20environment" title=" built environment"> built environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54349/decision-making-during-the-project-management-life-cycle-of-infrastructure-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Improvement of Antibacterial Activity for Ceftazidime by Partially Purified Tannase from Penicillium expansum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahira%20N.%20Muslim">Sahira N. Muslim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20N.%20Mohammed"> Alaa N. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Saadoon%20Khazaal"> Saba Saadoon Khazaal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Batool%20Kadham%20Salman"> Batool Kadham Salman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israa%20M.%20S.%20AL-Kadmy"> Israa M. S. AL-Kadmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sraa%20N.%20Muslim"> Sraa N. Muslim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Dwaish"> Ahmed S. Dwaish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawsan%20Mohammed%20Kareem"> Sawsan Mohammed Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20N.%20Aziz"> Sarah N. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruaa%20A.%20Jasim"> Ruaa A. Jasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tannase has wide applications in food, beverage, brewing, cosmetics and chemical industries and one of the major applications of tannase is the production of gallic acid. Gallic acid is used for manufacturing of trimethoprim. In the present study, a local fungal strain of <em>Penicillium expansum</em> A<sub>4</sub> isolated from spoilt apple samples gave the highest production level of tannase. Tannase was partially purified with a recovery yield of 92.52% and 6.32 fold of purification by precipitation using ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation. Tannase led to increased antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime against<em> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and<em> S. aureus</em> and had a synergism effect at low concentrations of ceftazidime, and thus, tannase may be a useful adjuvant agent for the treatment of many bacterial infections in combination with ceftazidime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceftazidime" title="ceftazidime">ceftazidime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penicillium%20expansum" title=" Penicillium expansum"> Penicillium expansum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannase" title=" tannase"> tannase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65967/improvement-of-antibacterial-activity-for-ceftazidime-by-partially-purified-tannase-from-penicillium-expansum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">741</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Nigcomsat-1r and Planned HTS Communication Satellite Critical Pillars for Nigeria’s National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Isa%20Ali%20%28Pantami%29">Ibrahim Isa Ali (Pantami)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdu%20Jaafaru%20Bambale"> Abdu Jaafaru Bambale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abimbola%20Alale"> Abimbola Alale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danjuma%20Ibrahim%20Ndihgihdah"> Danjuma Ibrahim Ndihgihdah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Alkali"> Muhammad Alkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Idris%20Umar"> Adamu Idris Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshood%20Kareem"> Moshood Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20Olufunmilayo%20Abodunrin"> Samson Olufunmilayo Abodunrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dokko%20Zubairu"> Muhammad Dokko Zubairu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy, NDEPS document developed by Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Communications & Digital Economy (FMoCDE) is anchored on 8 pillars for the acceleration of the National Digital Economy for a Digital Nigeria. NIGCOMSAT-1R and the planned HTS communication Satellite are critical assets for supporting the pillars in the drive for sustainable growth and development. This paper discusses on the gains and contribution of the strategy as a solid infrastructure. The paper also highlights these assets’ contribution as platform for Indigenous Content Development & Adoption, Digital Literacy & Skills, and Digital Services Development & Promotion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FMoCDE" title="FMoCDE">FMoCDE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HTS" title=" HTS"> HTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NDEPS" title=" NDEPS"> NDEPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nigcomsat%21R" title=" nigcomsat!R"> nigcomsat!R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pillars" title=" pillars"> pillars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158987/nigcomsat-1r-and-planned-hts-communication-satellite-critical-pillars-for-nigerias-national-digital-economy-policy-and-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Quantitative Risk Analysis for Major Subsystems and Project Success of a Highthrouput Satellite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Isa%20Ali%20%28Pantami%29">Ibrahim Isa Ali (Pantami)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdu%20Jaafaru%20Bambale"> Abdu Jaafaru Bambale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abimbola%20Alale"> Abimbola Alale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danjuma%20Ibrahim%20Ndihgihdah"> Danjuma Ibrahim Ndihgihdah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Alkali"> Muhammad Alkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Idris%20Umar"> Adamu Idris Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babadoko%20Dantala%20Mohammed"> Babadoko Dantala Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshood%20Kareem%20Olawole"> Moshood Kareem Olawole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper dwells on the risk management required for High throughput Satellite (HTS) project, and major subsystems that pertains to the improved performance and reliability of the spacecraft. The paper gives a clear picture of high‐throughput satellites (HTS) and the associated technologies with performances as they align and differ with the traditional geostationary orbit or Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) Communication Satellites. The paper also highlights critical subsystems and processes in project conceptualization and execution. The paper discusses the configuration of the payload. The need for optimization of resources for the HTS project and successful integration of critical subsystems for spacecraft requires implementation of risk analysis and mitigation from the preliminary design stage; Assembly, Integration and Test (AIT); Launch and in-orbit- Management stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIT" title="AIT">AIT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HTS" title=" HTS"> HTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-orbit%20management" title=" in-orbit management"> in-orbit management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158986/quantitative-risk-analysis-for-major-subsystems-and-project-success-of-a-highthrouput-satellite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Soret and Dufour Effect on Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of an Inclined Magnetic Field with Dissipation in Non-Darcy Porous Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasaq%20A.%20Kareem">Rasaq A. Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulyman%20O.%20Salawu"> Sulyman O. Salawu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of Soret and Dufour effect on variable viscosity and thermal conductivity of an inclined magnetic field with dissipation in non-Darcy porous medium over a continuously stretching sheet for power-law variation in the sheet temperature and concentration are investigated. The viscosity of the fluid flow and thermal conductivity are considered to vary as a function of temperature. The local similarity solutions for different values of the physical parameters are presented for velocity, temperature and concentration. The result shows that variational increase in the values of Soret and Dufour parameters increase the temperature and concentration distribution. Finally, the effects of skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers which are of physical and engineering interest are considered and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dufour" title="Dufour">Dufour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Darcy%20Flow" title=" non-Darcy Flow"> non-Darcy Flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soret" title=" Soret"> Soret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20viscosity" title=" variable viscosity"> variable viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51719/soret-and-dufour-effect-on-variable-viscosity-and-thermal-conductivity-of-an-inclined-magnetic-field-with-dissipation-in-non-darcy-porous-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Impact of Implementation of 5S and TPM in Industrial Organizations: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Ahmed%20Hama%20Kareem">Jamal Ahmed Hama Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraini%20Abu%20Talib"> Noraini Abu Talib </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to explore the literature on 5S and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and the benefits that are to be derived from their implementation. It also seeks to highlight the main phases for implementing both the 5S and the TPM successfully, along with highlighting aspects that are needed for successful implementation of these two techniques simultaneously in the contemporary manufacturing scenario. The literature on classification of 5S and TPM has so far been very limited. The paper reviews a large number of papers in this field and presents the overview of several of implementation practices of 5S and TPM, and the benefits that can be achieved by the implementation of 5S and TPM as a one system by industrial organizations globally. The paper systematically categorizes the published literature and reveals important issues that influence the successful implementation of 5S and TPM in organizations to improve production effectiveness for competitiveness. Further, the paper also highlights various phases suggested by researchers and practitioners, which ensure smooth and effective implementation of the 5S and TPM in industrial organizations. In the end, study puts forth propositions based on the model of the study after extensive review of literature. The paper will be useful to researchers, maintenance professionals and other concerned officials with improving the performance of production processes effectiveness in industrial organizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5S" title="5S">5S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Total%20Productive%20Maintenance%20%28TPM%29" title=" Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)"> Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phases%20of%20implementation%20of%205S%20and%20TPM" title=" phases of implementation of 5S and TPM"> phases of implementation of 5S and TPM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20organizations" title=" industrial organizations"> industrial organizations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22291/impact-of-implementation-of-5s-and-tpm-in-industrial-organizations-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">617</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Pragmatic Discoursal Study of Hedging Constructions in English Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hussein%20Ahmed">Mohammed Hussein Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Mohammed%20Kareem"> Bahar Mohammed Kareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the pragmatic discoursal study of hedging constructions in English language. Hedging is a mitigated word used to lessen the impact of the utterance uttered by the speakers. Hedging could be either adverbs, adjectives, verbs and sometimes it may consist of clauses. It aims at finding out the extent to which speakers and participants of the discourse use hedging constructions during their conversations. The study also aims at finding out whether or not there are any significant differences in the types and functions of the frequency of hedging constructions employed by male and female. It is hypothesized that hedging constructions are frequent in English discourse more than any other languages due to its formality and that the frequency of the types and functions are influenced by the gender of the participants. To achieve the aims of the study, two types of procedures have been followed: theoretical and practical. The theoretical procedure consists of presenting a theoretical background of hedging topic which includes its definitions, etymology and theories. The practical procedure consists of selecting a sample of texts and analyzing them according to an adopted model. A number of conclusions will be drawn based on the findings of the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hedging" title="hedging">hedging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmatics" title=" pragmatics"> pragmatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politeness" title=" politeness"> politeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical" title=" theoretical "> theoretical </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14661/pragmatic-discoursal-study-of-hedging-constructions-in-english-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Mixed Convection Enhancement in a 3D Lid-Driven Cavity Containing a Rotating Cylinder by Applying an Artificial Roughness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Khaleel%20Kareem">Ali Khaleel Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shian%20Gao"> Shian Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Qasim%20Ahmed"> Ahmed Qasim Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical investigation of unsteady mixed convection heat transfer in a 3D moving top wall enclosure, which has a central rotating cylinder and uses either artificial roughness on the bottom hot plate or smooth bottom hot plate to study the heat transfer enhancement, is completed for fixed circular cylinder, and anticlockwise and clockwise rotational speeds, -1 ≤ Ω ≤ 1, at Reynolds number of 5000. The top lid-driven wall was cooled, while the other remaining walls that completed obstructed cubic were kept insulated and motionless. A standard k-ε model of Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) method is involved to deal with turbulent flow. It has been clearly noted that artificial roughness can strongly control the thermal fields and fluid flow patterns. Ultimately, the heat transfer rate has been dramatically increased by involving artificial roughness on the heated bottom wall in the presence of rotating cylinder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20roughness" title="artificial roughness">artificial roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lid-driven%20cavity" title=" lid-driven cavity"> lid-driven cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection%20heat%20transfer" title=" mixed convection heat transfer"> mixed convection heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotating%20cylinder" title=" rotating cylinder"> rotating cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=URANS%20method" title=" URANS method"> URANS method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91416/mixed-convection-enhancement-in-a-3d-lid-driven-cavity-containing-a-rotating-cylinder-by-applying-an-artificial-roughness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> A Project-Based Learning Approach in the Course of 'Engineering Skills' for Undergraduate Engineering Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armin%20Eilaghi">Armin Eilaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Sedaghat"> Ahmad Sedaghat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Abdurazzak"> Hayder Abdurazzak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadi%20Alkhatib"> Fadi Alkhatib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiva%20Sadeghi"> Shiva Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Jaeger"> Martin Jaeger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A summary of experiences, recommendations, and lessons learnt in the application of PBL in the course of “Engineering Skills” in the School of Engineering at Australian College of Kuwait in Kuwait is presented. Four projects were introduced as part of the PBL course “Engineering Skills” to 24 students in School of Engineering. These students were grouped in 6 teams to develop their skills in 10 learning outcomes. The learning outcomes targeted skills such as drawing, design, modeling, manufacturing and analysis at a preliminary level; and also some life line learning and teamwork skills as these students were exposed for the first time to the PBL (project based learning). The students were assessed for 10 learning outcomes of the course and students’ feedback was collected using an anonymous survey at the end of the course. Analyzing the students’ feedbacks, it is observed that 67% of students preferred multiple smaller projects than a single big project because it provided them with more time and attention focus to improve their “soft skills” including project management, risk assessment, and failure analysis. Moreover, it is found that 63% of students preferred to work with different team members during the course to improve their professional communication skills. Among all, 62% of students believed that working with team members from other departments helped them to increase the innovative aspect of projects and improved their overall performance. However, 70% of students counted extra time needed to regenerate momentum with the new teams as the major challenge. Project based learning provided a suitable platform for introducing students to professional engineering practice and meeting the needs of students, employers and educators. It was found that students achieved their 10 learning outcomes and gained new skills developed in this PBL unit. This was reflected in their portfolios and assessment survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project-based%20learning" title="project-based learning">project-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20skills" title=" engineering skills"> engineering skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduate%20engineering" title=" undergraduate engineering"> undergraduate engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem-based%20learning" title=" problem-based learning"> problem-based learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100014/a-project-based-learning-approach-in-the-course-of-engineering-skills-for-undergraduate-engineering-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Predicting Potential Protein Therapeutic Candidates from the Gut Microbiome </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanna%20Ramachandran">Prasanna Ramachandran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kareem%20Graham"> Kareem Graham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Kiefel"> Helena Kiefel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunit%20Jain"> Sunit Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todd%20DeSantis"> Todd DeSantis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbes that reside inside the mammalian GI tract, commonly referred to as the gut microbiome, have been shown to have therapeutic effects in animal models of disease. We hypothesize that specific proteins produced by these microbes are responsible for this activity and may be used directly as therapeutics. To speed up the discovery of these key proteins from the big-data metagenomics, we have applied machine learning techniques. Using amino acid sequences of known epitopes and their corresponding binding partners, protein interaction descriptors (PID) were calculated, making a positive interaction set. A negative interaction dataset was calculated using sequences of proteins known not to interact with these same binding partners. Using Random Forest and positive and negative PID, a machine learning model was trained and used to predict interacting versus non-interacting proteins. Furthermore, the continuous variable, cosine similarity in the interaction descriptors was used to rank bacterial therapeutic candidates. Laboratory binding assays were conducted to test the candidates for their potential as therapeutics. Results from binding assays reveal the accuracy of the machine learning prediction and are subsequently used to further improve the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein-interactions" title="protein-interactions">protein-interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine-learning" title=" machine-learning"> machine-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomics" title=" metagenomics"> metagenomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62501/predicting-potential-protein-therapeutic-candidates-from-the-gut-microbiome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> CFD Simulation on Gas Turbine Blade and Effect of Twisted Hole Shape on Film Cooling Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thulodin%20Mat%20Lazim">Thulodin Mat Lazim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminuddin%20Saat"> Aminuddin Saat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Fakhir%20Abdulwahid"> Ammar Fakhir Abdulwahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaid%20Sattar%20Kareem"> Zaid Sattar Kareem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Film cooling is one of the cooling systems investigated for the application to gas turbine blades. Gas turbines use film cooling in addition to turbulence internal cooling to protect the blades outer surface from hot gases. The present study concentrates on the numerical investigation of film cooling performance for a row of twisted cylindrical holes in modern turbine blade. The adiabatic film effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient are determined numerical on a flat plate downstream of a row of inclined different cross section area hole exit by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The swirling motion of the film coolant was induced the twisted angle of film cooling holes, which inclined an angle of α toward the vertical direction and surface of blade turbine. The holes angle α of the impingement mainstream was changed from 90°, 65°, 45°, 30° and 20°. The film cooling effectiveness on surface of blade turbine wall was measured by using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Results showed that the effectiveness of rectangular twisted hole has the effectiveness among other cross section area of the hole at blowing ratio (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine%20blade%20cooling" title="turbine blade cooling">turbine blade cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20cooling" title=" film cooling"> film cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry%20shape%20of%20hole" title=" geometry shape of hole"> geometry shape of hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6868/cfd-simulation-on-gas-turbine-blade-and-effect-of-twisted-hole-shape-on-film-cooling-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Optimization of Cacao Fermentation in Davao Philippines Using Sustainable Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Marc%20G.%20Cabugsa">Ian Marc G. Cabugsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Ryan%20Won"> Kim Ryan Won</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kareem%20Mamac"> Kareem Mamac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20Dee"> Manuel Dee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merlita%20Garcia"> Merlita Garcia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An optimized cacao fermentation technique was developed for the cacao farmers of Davao City Philippines. Cacao samples with weights ranging from 150-250 kilograms were collected from various cacao farms in Davao City and Zamboanga City Philippines. Different fermentation techniques were used starting with design of the sweat box, prefermentation conditionings, number of days for fermentation and number of turns. As the beans are being fermented, its temperature was regularly monitored using a digital thermometer. The resultant cacao beans were assessed using physical and chemical means. For the physical assessment, the bean cut test, bean count tests, and sensory test were used. Quantification of theobromine, caffeine, and antioxidants in the form of equivalent quercetin was used for chemical assessment. Both the theobromine and caffeine were analyzed using HPLC method while the antioxidant was analyzed spectrometrically. To come up with the best fermentation procedure, the different assessment were given priority coefficients wherein the physical tests – taste test, cut, and bean count tests were given priority over the results of the chemical test. The result of the study was an optimized fermentation protocol that is readily adaptable and transferable to any cacao cooperatives or groups in Mindanao or even Philippines as a whole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cacao" title="cacao">cacao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64839/optimization-of-cacao-fermentation-in-davao-philippines-using-sustainable-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Effects of Tensile Pre-Stresses on Corrosion Behavior of AISI 304 Stainless Steel in 1N H2SO4</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Ibrahim%20Jafar">Sami Ibrahim Jafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israa%20Abud%20Alkadir"> Israa Abud Alkadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samah%20Abdul%20Kareem%20Khashin"> Samah Abdul Kareem Khashin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work is to assess the influence of tensile pre-stresses on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the AISI304 stainless steel in 1N H2SO4 austenitic stainless steel. Samples of this stainless steel either with pre-stresses, corresponding to [255, 305, 355, 405, 455, 505, 555, 605 and σf] MPa induced by tensile tests, or without pre-stresses (as received), were characterized regarding their microstructure to investigate the pre-tensile stress effects on the corrosion behavior. The results showed that the corrosion rate of elastic pre-stresses 304 stainless steel was very little increased compared with that of as received specimens. The corrosion rate increases after applying pre-stress between (σ255 - σ 455) MPa. The microstructure showed that the austenitic grains begin to deform in the direction of applied pre-stresses. The maximum hardness at this region was (229.2) Hv, but at higher pre-stress (σ455 – σ 605) MPa unanticipated occurrence, the corrosion rate decreases. The microstructure inspection shows the deformed austenitic grain and ά-martensitic phase needle are appeared inside austenitic grains and the hardness reached the maximum value (332.433) Hv. The results showed that the corrosion rate increases at the values of pre-stresses between (σ605 – σf) MPa., which is inspected the result. The necking of gauge length of specimens occurs in specimens and this leads to deterioration in original properties and the corrosion rate reaches the maximum value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20pre-stresses" title="tensile pre-stresses">tensile pre-stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20rate" title=" corrosion rate"> corrosion rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenitic%20stainless%20steel" title=" austenitic stainless steel"> austenitic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47841/effects-of-tensile-pre-stresses-on-corrosion-behavior-of-aisi-304-stainless-steel-in-1n-h2so4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Reduction Behavior of Some Low-Grade Iron Ores for Application in Blast Furnace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Al-Kelesh">Heba Al-Kelesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Day after day, high-grade iron ores are consumed. Because of the strong global demand for iron and steel, it has necessitated the utilization of various low-grade iron ores, which are not suitable for direct exploitation in the iron industry. The low-grade ores cannot be dressed using traditional mineral processing methods because of complicated mineral compositions. The present work is aimed to investigate the reducibility of some Egyptian iron ores and concentrates by conditions emulate different blast furnace areas. Representative specimens are collected from El-Gedida–Baharia oasis, Eastern South Aswan, and Eastern desert-wadi Kareem (EDC). Some mineralogical and morphological characterizations are executed. The reactivity arrangement of green samples is Baharia>Aswan>EDC. The presence of magnetite decreased reactivity of EDC. The reducibility of the Aswan sample is lower than Baharia due to the presence of agglomerated metallic grain surrounded by semi-melted phases. Specimens are annealed at 1000ᵒC for 3 hours. After firing, the reducibility of Aswan becomes the lowest due to the formation of fayalite and calcium phosphate phases. The relative attitude for green and ﬁred samples reduced at different conditions are studied. For thermal and top areas, the reactivity of ﬁred samples is greater than green ones, which were conﬁrmed by morphological examinations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reducibility" title="reducibility">reducibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20grade" title=" low grade"> low grade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20industry" title=" iron industry"> iron industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20furnace" title=" blast furnace"> blast furnace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111794/reduction-behavior-of-some-low-grade-iron-ores-for-application-in-blast-furnace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right 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