CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"95fa5b5e-9ded-4091-bb41-2e43b0f63855","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.","wgTitle":"Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.","wgCurRevisionId":1257888086,"wgRevisionId":1257888086,"wgArticleId":21189400,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism","Use mdy dates from April 2018","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.","1968 in Tennessee","1968 in the United States","1968 murders in the United States","African-American history in Memphis, Tennessee","April 1968 events in the United States","Assassinations in the United States","Events of the civil rights movement","Crimes in Tennessee","Deaths by firearm in Tennessee","Deaths by person in Tennessee","Martin Luther King Jr.","Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson","Racially motivated violence against African Americans","History of racism in Tennessee","Lyndon B. Johnson administration controversies"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.","wgRelevantArticleId":21189400,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":35.1345,"lon":-90.0576},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q757963","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg/1200px-Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="801"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg/800px-Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg/640px-Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr."> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr."> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr rootpage-Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death_threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Death threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memphis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memphis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Memphis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memphis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Responses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Responses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coretta_Scott_King" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coretta_Scott_King"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Coretta Scott King</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coretta_Scott_King-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Within_the_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Within_the_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Within the movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Within_the_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Robert_F._Kennedy_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robert_F._Kennedy_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Robert F. Kennedy speech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robert_F._Kennedy_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Lyndon_B._Johnson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>President Lyndon B. Johnson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Riots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FBI_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FBI_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>FBI investigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FBI_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Funeral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perpetrator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perpetrator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Perpetrator</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perpetrator-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Perpetrator subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perpetrator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capture_and_guilty_plea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_and_guilty_plea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Capture and guilty plea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_and_guilty_plea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Escape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Escape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_government_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_government_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Alleged government involvement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alleged_government_involvement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alleged government involvement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alleged_government_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Loyd_Jowers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loyd_Jowers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Loyd Jowers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loyd_Jowers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coretta_Scott_King_v._Loyd_Jowers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coretta_Scott_King_v._Loyd_Jowers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span><i>Coretta Scott King v. Loyd Jowers</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coretta_Scott_King_v._Loyd_Jowers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counter_evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counter_evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Counter evidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counter_evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Other theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86" title="اغتيال مارتن لوثر كينج الابن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اغتيال مارتن لوثر كينج الابن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atent%C3%A1t_na_Martina_Luthera_Kinga" title="Atentát na Martina Luthera Kinga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atentát na Martina Luthera Kinga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentat_auf_Martin_Luther_King" title="Attentat auf Martin Luther King – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Attentat auf Martin Luther King" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Δολοφονία του Μάρτιν Λούθερ Κινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δολοφονία του Μάρτιν Λούθερ Κινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asesinato_de_Martin_Luther_King" title="Asesinato de Martin Luther King – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asesinato de Martin Luther King" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murdo_de_Martin_Luther_King" title="Murdo de Martin Luther King – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Murdo de Martin Luther King" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ترور مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترور مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassinat_de_Martin_Luther_King" title="Assassinat de Martin Luther King – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Assassinat de Martin Luther King" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մարտին Լյութեր Քինգի սպանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարտին Լյութեր Քինգի սպանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembunuhan_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Pembunuhan Martin Luther King Jr. – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembunuhan Martin Luther King Jr." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassinio_di_Martin_Luther_King" title="Assassinio di Martin Luther King – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assassinio di Martin Luther King" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%97_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="רצח מרטין לותר קינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רצח מרטין לותר קינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moord_op_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Moord op Martin Luther King Jr. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moord op Martin Luther King Jr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamach_na_Martina_Luthera_Kinga" title="Zamach na Martina Luthera Kinga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zamach na Martina Luthera Kinga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassinato_de_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassinato de Martin Luther King Jr. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Assassinato de Martin Luther King Jr." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atentatul_asupra_lui_Martin_Luther_King" title="Atentatul asupra lui Martin Luther King – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atentatul asupra lui Martin Luther King" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Убийство Мартина Лютера Кинга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Убийство Мартина Лютера Кинга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrasja_e_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Vrasja e Martin Luther King Jr. – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vrasja e Martin Luther King Jr." data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr." data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._suikast%C4%B1" title="Martin Luther King Jr. suikastı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Martin Luther King Jr. suikastı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Вбивство Мартіна Лютера Кінга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вбивство Мартіна Лютера Кінга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E6%81%A9%E9%81%87%E5%88%BA%E6%A1%88" title="馬丁·路德·金恩遇刺案 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬丁·路德·金恩遇刺案" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q757963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr."><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr."><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&oldid=1257888086" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&id=1257888086&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr."><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr."><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q757963" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&params=35.1345_N_90.0576_W_region:US-TN_type:event_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°08′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°03′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.1345°N 90.0576°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.1345; -90.0576</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1968 murder in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For conspiracy theories surrounding the assassination, see <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorraine_Motel,_Memphis,_TN,_US.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg/220px-Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg/330px-Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg/440px-Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Motel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine Motel">Lorraine Motel</a> in 2022. The wreath marks King's approximate location at the time of his assassination.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">Lorraine Motel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&params=35.1345_N_90.0576_W_region:US-TN_type:event_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°08′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°03′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.1345°N 90.0576°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.1345; -90.0576</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">April 4, 1968<span class="noprint">; 56 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1968-04-04</span>)</span> <br />6:01 p.m. (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%936" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC–6">UTC–6</a>))</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">Sniper</a> <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassination</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapons</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_760" title="Remington Model 760">Remington 760 Gamemaster</a> <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Victim</th><td class="infobox-data">Martin Luther King Jr.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">Disputed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Ray" title="James Earl Ray">James Earl Ray</a> according to a criminal case</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyd_Jowers" title="Loyd Jowers">Loyd Jowers</a> and "others, including unspecified governmental agencies" according to a <a href="/wiki/Loyd_Jowers_trial" title="Loyd Jowers trial">later civil case</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Convictions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Ray:</b> <a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Tennessee_law" title="Murder in Tennessee law">First-degree murder</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sentence</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">99 years imprisonment</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Civil_Rights_Movement_in_Tennessee" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;float:right; clear:right; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0.5em; width:25.5em;font-size:90%; display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CEE0F2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CRM_in_Tennessee" title="Template:CRM in Tennessee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CRM_in_Tennessee" title="Template talk:CRM in Tennessee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CRM_in_Tennessee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CRM in Tennessee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_Rights_Movement_in_Tennessee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>City of Clinton</b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=McSwain_v._County_Board_of_Education_of_Anderson_County,_Tennessee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McSwain v. County Board of Education of Anderson County, Tennessee (page does not exist)">McSwain v. Co. Board of Ed. of Anderson Co., Tenn.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_High_School_desegregation_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton High School desegregation crisis">Clinton High School desegregation crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_High_School_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton High School bombing">Clinton High School bombing</a></li></ul> <p><b>City of Memphis</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memphis_sit-ins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memphis sit-ins (page does not exist)">Memphis sit-ins</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watson_v._City_of_Memphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watson v. City of Memphis (page does not exist)">Watson v. City of Memphis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li></ul> <p><b>City of Nashville</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_v._Board_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly v. Board of Education (page does not exist)">Kelly v. Board of Education</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattie_Cotton_Elementary_School_bombing" title="Hattie Cotton Elementary School bombing">Hattie Cotton Elementary School bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins" title="Nashville sit-ins">Nashville sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._Alexander_Looby" title="Z. Alexander Looby">Z. Alexander Looby residence bombing</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other localities</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tent_City_(Tennessee)" title="Tent City (Tennessee)">Tent City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattanooga_sit-ins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chattanooga sit-ins (page does not exist)">Chattanooga sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville_sit-ins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knoxville sit-ins (page does not exist)">Knoxville sit-ins</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Luther_King_press_conference_01269u_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Martin_Luther_King_press_conference_01269u_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Martin_Luther_King_press_conference_01269u_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Martin_Luther_King_press_conference_01269u_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Martin_Luther_King_press_conference_01269u_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Martin_Luther_King_press_conference_01269u_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Martin_Luther_King_press_conference_01269u_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1608" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr."><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Martin Luther King Jr.</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermons_and_speeches_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr.">Sermons and speeches</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Campaigns</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Pilgrimage_for_Freedom" title="Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom">Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_March_for_Integrated_Schools_(1959)" title="Youth March for Integrated Schools (1959)">Youth March for Integrated Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Movement" title="Albany Movement">Albany Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Detroit Walk to Freedom">Walk to Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington<br />for Jobs and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_movement" title="St. Augustine movement">St. Augustine movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Open_Housing_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Open Housing Movement">Chicago Open Housing Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Against_Fear" title="March Against Fear">March Against Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Death and memorial</b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">American federal holiday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passage_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day">passage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">National memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._National_Historical_Park" title="Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park">National Historical Park</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.'s signature"><img alt="Martin Luther King Jr.'s signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Signature2.svg/90px-Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Signature2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Signature2.svg/135px-Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Signature2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Signature2.svg/180px-Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Signature2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Martin_Luther_King_Jr._sidebar" title="Template:Martin Luther King Jr. sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Martin_Luther_King_Jr._sidebar" title="Template talk:Martin Luther King Jr. sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Martin_Luther_King_Jr._sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Martin Luther King Jr. sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> activist, was fatally shot at the <a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">Lorraine Motel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, on April 4, 1968, at 6:01 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a>. He was rushed to <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Hospital_(Memphis,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph's Hospital (Memphis, Tennessee)">St. Joseph's Hospital</a>, where he died at 7:05 p.m at age 39. He was a prominent <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> laureate who was known for his use of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a>. <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Ray" title="James Earl Ray">James Earl Ray</a>, a fugitive from the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Penitentiary" title="Missouri State Penitentiary">Missouri State Penitentiary</a>, was arrested on June 8, 1968, at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London's Heathrow Airport</a>, extradited to the United States and charged with the crime. On March 10, 1969, he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Penitentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee State Penitentiary">Tennessee State Penitentiary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper20038_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPepper20038-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later made many attempts to withdraw his guilty plea and to be tried by a jury, but was unsuccessful. Ray died in prison in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper200397_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPepper200397-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The King family and others believe that the assassination was the result of a <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">conspiracy</a> involving the U.S. government, the <a href="/wiki/Mafia" title="Mafia">mafia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Police_Department" title="Memphis Police Department">Memphis police</a>, as alleged by <a href="/wiki/Loyd_Jowers" title="Loyd Jowers">Loyd Jowers</a> in 1993. They believe that Ray was a <a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">scapegoat</a>. In 1999, the family filed a <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_death_claim" title="Wrongful death claim">wrongful death</a> lawsuit against Jowers for the sum of $10 million. During closing arguments, their attorney asked the jury to award damages of $100, to make the point that "it was not about the money". During the trial, both sides presented evidence alleging a government conspiracy. The accused government agencies could not defend themselves or respond because they were not named as defendants. Based on the evidence, the jury concluded that Jowers and others were "part of a conspiracy to kill King" and awarded the family the symbolic $100 they requested in damages.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglass2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglass2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emily_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emily-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The allegations and the finding of the Memphis jury were later disputed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> in 2000 due to perceived lack of evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-usdoj2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdoj2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The assassination was one of four major assassinations of the <a href="/wiki/1960s_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="1960s in the United States">1960s in the United States</a>, coming several years after the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a> in 1963 and the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Malcolm_X" title="Assassination of Malcolm X">assassination of Malcolm X</a> in 1965, and two months before the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">assassination of Robert F. Kennedy</a> in June 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_threats">Death threats</h3></div> <p>As early as the mid-1950s, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> had received death threats because of his prominence in the civil rights movement. He had confronted the risk of death, including a <a href="/wiki/Izola_Curry#Assassination_attempt_on_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Izola Curry">nearly fatal stabbing</a> in 1958, and made its recognition part of his philosophy. He taught that murder could not stop the struggle for equal rights. After the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of President Kennedy</a> in 1963, King told his wife, <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a>, "This is what is going to happen to me also. I keep telling you, this is a sick society."<sup id="cite_ref-MED08_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MED08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WAA69_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAA69-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memphis">Memphis</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a></div> <p>King traveled to <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, in support of striking African-American city sanitation workers. The <a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">workers had staged</a> a walkout on February 11, 1968, to protest unequal wages and working conditions imposed by mayor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Loeb" title="Henry Loeb">Henry Loeb</a>. At the time, Memphis paid black workers significantly lower wages than it did white workers. There were no city-issued uniforms, no restrooms, no recognized union, and no grievance procedure for the numerous occasions on which they were underpaid. During Loeb's tenure as mayor, conditions did not significantly improve, and the gruesome <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Echol_Cole_and_Robert_Walker" title="Death of Echol Cole and Robert Walker">February 1968 deaths of two workers in a garbage-compacting truck</a> turned mounting tensions into a strike.<sup id="cite_ref-Southern_Hollows_podcast_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southern_Hollows_podcast-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Safe_House_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Safe_House_Museum.jpg/220px-Safe_House_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Safe_House_Museum.jpg/330px-Safe_House_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Safe_House_Museum.jpg/440px-Safe_House_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Safe_House_Black_History_Museum" title="Safe House Black History Museum">Safe House Black History Museum</a> where King sheltered in 1968 two weeks before the assassination.</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1968, after speaking in <a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_Alabama" title="Greensboro, Alabama">Greensboro, Alabama</a>, King was hunted by <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> members and used a local home, now the <a href="/wiki/Safe_House_Black_History_Museum" title="Safe House Black History Museum">Safe House Museum</a>, as a safe house before travelling to Memphis.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King participated in a massive march in Memphis on March 28, 1968, which ended in violence.<sup id="cite_ref-Southern_Hollows_podcast_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southern_Hollows_podcast-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 3, King returned to Memphis to attempt a successful new march later that week. His airline flight to Memphis was delayed by a bomb threat, but he arrived in time to make a planned speech to a gathering at the <a href="/wiki/Mason_Temple" title="Mason Temple">Mason Temple</a> (world headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_in_Christ" title="Church of God in Christ">Church of God in Christ</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Mason Temple, King delivered his famous "<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Been_to_the_Mountaintop" title="I've Been to the Mountaintop">I've Been to the Mountaintop</a>" speech. In it, he recalled his 1958 attempted assassination, noting that the doctor who treated him had said that because the knife used to stab him was so close to his aorta, any sudden movement, even a sneeze, might have killed him.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He referred to a letter written by a young girl who told him that she was happy that he had not sneezed. He used that reference to say: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I, too, am happy that I didn't sneeze. Because if I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1960, when students all over the South started sitting-in at lunch counters. If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1961, when we decided to take a ride for freedom and ended segregation in interstate travel.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>King repeated the phrase "If I had sneezed" several more times, recalling numerous other events and acts of civil disobedience from the previous several years: the <a href="/wiki/Albany_Movement" title="Albany Movement">Albany Movement</a> (1962), the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> in 1963, and the <a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery March</a> (1965).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As he neared the close, he prophetically referred to the bomb threat: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And then I got to Memphis. And some began to say the threats ... or talk about the threats that were out. What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers? Well, I don't know what will happen now. We've got some difficult days ahead. But it doesn't matter with me now. Because I've been to the mountaintop. And I don't mind. Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned about that now. I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've <i>seen</i> the promised land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land! And so I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. My eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord!<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination">Assassination</h2></div> <p>On Thursday, April 4, 1968, King was staying in room 306 at the <a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">Lorraine Motel</a> in Memphis. The motel was owned by a businessman, Walter Bailey, and was named after his wife. The Rev. <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a>, a colleague and friend, later told the <a href="/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="House Select Committee on Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</a> that he and King had stayed in Room 306 at the Lorraine Motel so often that it was known as the "King–Abernathy Suite".<sup id="cite_ref-usdoj_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdoj-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King's last words were to musician <a href="/wiki/Ben_Branch" title="Ben Branch">Ben Branch</a>, who was scheduled to perform that night at a planned event. King said, "Ben, make sure you play '<a href="/wiki/Take_My_Hand,_Precious_Lord" title="Take My Hand, Precious Lord">Take My Hand, Precious Lord</a>' in the meeting tonight. Play it real pretty."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranch2007766_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranch2007766-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Rev. Samuel Kyles, who was standing several feet away, King was leaning over the balcony railing in front of Room 306 and was speaking with the Rev. <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> when the shot rang out.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King was struck in the face at 6:01 p.m. by a single <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 bullet</a>, fired from a <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_760" title="Remington Model 760">Remington Model 760</a> rifle.<sup id="cite_ref-tcl_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcl-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bullet entered through King's right cheek, breaking his jaw and several <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebrae</a> as it traveled down his spinal cord, severing his <a href="/wiki/Jugular_vein" title="Jugular vein">jugular vein</a> and major arteries, before lodging in his shoulder. The force of the shot ripped King's necktie off. King fell backward onto the balcony, unconscious.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abernathy heard the shot from inside the motel room and ran to the balcony to find King on the deck, bleeding profusely from the wound in his cheek.<sup id="cite_ref-tcl_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcl-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHI_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHI-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesse Jackson stated after the shooting that he cradled King's head as King lay on the balcony, but this account was disputed by other colleagues of King; Jackson later changed his statement to say that he had "reached out" for King.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a>, a colleague from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a>, first believed King was dead, but found he still had a pulse.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: left; float:left;margin:0 1.5em 1.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?443016-1/martin-luther-king-jr-death-announcement">Martin Luther King Jr. death announcement by Walter Cronkite, CBS News Special Report, April 4, 1968</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>King was rushed to <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Hospital_(Memphis,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph's Hospital (Memphis, Tennessee)">St. Joseph's Hospital</a>, where doctors opened his chest and performed <a href="/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation" title="Cardiopulmonary resuscitation">cardiopulmonary resuscitation</a>. He never regained consciousness, and died at 7:05 p.m.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Branch, King's autopsy revealed that his heart was in the condition of a 60-year-old man rather than that of a 39-year-old such as King, which Branch attributed to the stress of King's 13 years in the civil rights movement.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after the shot was fired, witnesses saw a man, later believed to be <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Ray" title="James Earl Ray">James Earl Ray</a>, fleeing from a rooming-house across the street from the Lorraine Motel. Ray had been renting a room in the rooming-house. Police found a package dumped close to the site that included a rifle and binoculars, both bearing Ray's fingerprints.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ray had purchased the rifle under an alias six days earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A worldwide manhunt was triggered that culminated in Ray's arrest at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a>, London, two months later.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 10, 1969, he pleaded guilty to the <a href="/wiki/First-degree_murder_(United_States_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="First-degree murder (United States law)">first degree murder</a> of Martin Luther King Jr.; he later recanted.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-recant_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recant-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 316px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 314px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_%22New_Rebel_Motel%22,_Memphis,_Tennessee.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The former "New Rebel Motel" where James Earl Ray stayed before shooting King"><img alt="The former "New Rebel Motel" where James Earl Ray stayed before shooting King" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Former_%22New_Rebel_Motel%22%2C_Memphis%2C_Tennessee.jpg/471px-Former_%22New_Rebel_Motel%22%2C_Memphis%2C_Tennessee.jpg" decoding="async" width="314" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Former_%22New_Rebel_Motel%22%2C_Memphis%2C_Tennessee.jpg/706px-Former_%22New_Rebel_Motel%22%2C_Memphis%2C_Tennessee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Former_%22New_Rebel_Motel%22%2C_Memphis%2C_Tennessee.jpg/942px-Former_%22New_Rebel_Motel%22%2C_Memphis%2C_Tennessee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3766" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The former "New Rebel Motel" where James Earl Ray stayed before shooting King</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 570px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 568px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tn-mlk2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wide view of the Lorraine Motel and the boarding house from which James Earl Ray fired the fatal shot from a second-floor bathroom window (to the left of the light pole)"><img alt="Wide view of the Lorraine Motel and the boarding house from which James Earl Ray fired the fatal shot from a second-floor bathroom window (to the left of the light pole)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tn-mlk2.jpg/852px-Tn-mlk2.jpg" decoding="async" width="568" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tn-mlk2.jpg/1278px-Tn-mlk2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tn-mlk2.jpg/1704px-Tn-mlk2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="951" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wide view of the Lorraine Motel and the boarding house from which James Earl Ray fired the fatal shot from a second-floor bathroom window (to the left of the light pole)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 266.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 264.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorraine_Motel_Room_306_in_Color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of where King was shot"><img alt="Close-up of where King was shot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lorraine_Motel_Room_306_in_Color.jpg/397px-Lorraine_Motel_Room_306_in_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lorraine_Motel_Room_306_in_Color.jpg/596px-Lorraine_Motel_Room_306_in_Color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lorraine_Motel_Room_306_in_Color.jpg/794px-Lorraine_Motel_Room_306_in_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of where King was shot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Lorraine_Hotel_from_the_window_where_James_Earl_Ray_was_alleged_to_have_fired_the_fatal_shot_at_Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the Lorraine Motel from window where James Earl Ray fired at King"><img alt="View of the Lorraine Motel from window where James Earl Ray fired at King" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/View_of_Lorraine_Hotel_from_the_window_where_James_Earl_Ray_was_alleged_to_have_fired_the_fatal_shot_at_Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr.jpg/202px-View_of_Lorraine_Hotel_from_the_window_where_James_Earl_Ray_was_alleged_to_have_fired_the_fatal_shot_at_Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/View_of_Lorraine_Hotel_from_the_window_where_James_Earl_Ray_was_alleged_to_have_fired_the_fatal_shot_at_Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr.jpg/304px-View_of_Lorraine_Hotel_from_the_window_where_James_Earl_Ray_was_alleged_to_have_fired_the_fatal_shot_at_Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/View_of_Lorraine_Hotel_from_the_window_where_James_Earl_Ray_was_alleged_to_have_fired_the_fatal_shot_at_Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr.jpg/405px-View_of_Lorraine_Hotel_from_the_window_where_James_Earl_Ray_was_alleged_to_have_fired_the_fatal_shot_at_Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the Lorraine Motel from window where James Earl Ray fired at King</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LorraineBoardingHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The former boarding house room from which Ray is believed to have fired"><img alt="The former boarding house room from which Ray is believed to have fired" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LorraineBoardingHouse.jpg/202px-LorraineBoardingHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LorraineBoardingHouse.jpg/304px-LorraineBoardingHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LorraineBoardingHouse.jpg/405px-LorraineBoardingHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The former boarding house room from which Ray is believed to have fired</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coretta_Scott_King">Coretta Scott King</h3></div> <p>King's widow, Coretta, had difficulty informing her children that their father was dead. She received a large number of telegrams, including one from <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a>'s mother that she regarded as the one that had touched her the most.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2007124_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2007124-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Within_the_movement">Within the movement</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstrators_with_signs,_one_reading_Let_not_his_death_be_in_vain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Demonstrators_with_signs%2C_one_reading_Let_not_his_death_be_in_vain.jpg/250px-Demonstrators_with_signs%2C_one_reading_Let_not_his_death_be_in_vain.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Demonstrators_with_signs%2C_one_reading_Let_not_his_death_be_in_vain.jpg/375px-Demonstrators_with_signs%2C_one_reading_Let_not_his_death_be_in_vain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Demonstrators_with_signs%2C_one_reading_Let_not_his_death_be_in_vain.jpg/500px-Demonstrators_with_signs%2C_one_reading_Let_not_his_death_be_in_vain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>Demonstrator with sign saying "Let his death not be in vain", in front of the White House, after the assassination of Martin Luther King</figcaption></figure> <p>For some, King's assassination meant the end of the strategy of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTnonviolence_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTnonviolence-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others in the movement reaffirmed the need to carry on King's and the movement's work. Leaders within the SCLC confirmed that they would carry on the <a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a> that year despite the loss of King.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmarch_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmarch-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some black leaders argued the need to continue King's and the movement's tradition of nonviolence.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTnonviolence2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTnonviolence2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robert_F._Kennedy_speech">Robert F. Kennedy speech</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy%27s_speech_on_the_assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a></div> <p>During the day of the assassination while on the campaign trail for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential nomination in <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> learned of the shooting before boarding a plane to <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20062_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20062-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy was scheduled to make a speech there in a predominantly black neighborhood. Kennedy did not learn that King had died until he landed in Indianapolis.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kennedy's press secretary, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Mankiewicz" title="Frank Mankiewicz">Frank Mankiewicz</a>, suggested that he ask the audience to pray for the King family and to follow King's practice of nonviolence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20063_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20063-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mankiewicz and speechwriter Adam Walinsky drafted notes for Kennedy's use, but he refused them, using some that he had likely written during the ride to the site of the speech.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20063–4_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20063–4-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indianapolis chief of police advised Kennedy that he could not provide him protection and was worried that he would be at risk when talking about King's death before the predominantly black crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-Scarborough_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scarborough-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Kennedy decided to proceed. Standing on a flatbed truck, he spoke for four minutes and 57 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20061,_4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20061,_4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kennedy was the first to tell the audience that King had died. Some of the attendees screamed and wailed in grief. Several of Kennedy's aides were worried that the delivery of this information would result in a riot.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the audience quieted, Kennedy acknowledged that many would be filled with anger. He said: "For those of you who are black and are tempted to be filled with hatred and mistrust of the injustice of such an act, against all white people, I would only say that I can also feel in my own heart the same kind of feeling. I had a member of my family killed, but he was killed by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">a white man</a>." These remarks surprised his aides, who had never heard him speak publicly of his brother's death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20066_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20066-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy said that the country had to make an effort to "go beyond these rather difficult times" and quoted a poem by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> playwright <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>: "Even in our sleep, pain which cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart until, in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God." In conclusion, he said that the country needed and wanted unity between blacks and whites, and asked the audience members to pray for the King family and the country, again quoting the Greeks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kennedy's speech was credited with assisting in the prevention of post-assassination rioting in Indianapolis on a night when such events broke out in major cities across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is widely considered one of the greatest speeches in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kennedy canceled all of his scheduled campaign appearances and withdrew to his hotel room. Several phone conversations with black community leaders convinced him to speak out against the <a href="/wiki/King_assassination_riots" title="King assassination riots">violent backlash</a> beginning to emerge across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewfield1988248_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewfield1988248-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, Kennedy gave a prepared response, "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Mindless_Menace_of_Violence" title="On the Mindless Menace of Violence">On the Mindless Menace of Violence</a>", in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. Although still considered significant, it is given much less historical attention than his Indianapolis speech.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffyLeeman2005245_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffyLeeman2005245-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_Lyndon_B._Johnson">President Lyndon B. Johnson</h3></div> <p>President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> was in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> that evening, planning a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> military commanders. After press secretary <a href="/wiki/George_Christian_(journalist)" title="George Christian (journalist)">George Christian</a> informed him at 8:20 p.m. of the assassination, he canceled the trip to focus on the nation. He assigned Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a> to investigate the assassination in Memphis. He made a personal call to King's wife, <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a>, and declared April 7 a <a href="/wiki/National_day_of_mourning" title="National day of mourning">national day of mourning</a> on which the U.S. flag would be flown at <a href="/wiki/Half-mast" title="Half-mast">half-staff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Riots">Riots</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/King_assassination_riots" title="King assassination riots">King assassination riots</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1968_Civil_Disorder_3c9aa7669da87c08f6154fe48308d418.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1968_Civil_Disorder_3c9aa7669da87c08f6154fe48308d418.jpg/250px-1968_Civil_Disorder_3c9aa7669da87c08f6154fe48308d418.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1968_Civil_Disorder_3c9aa7669da87c08f6154fe48308d418.jpg/375px-1968_Civil_Disorder_3c9aa7669da87c08f6154fe48308d418.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1968_Civil_Disorder_3c9aa7669da87c08f6154fe48308d418.jpg/500px-1968_Civil_Disorder_3c9aa7669da87c08f6154fe48308d418.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2825" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption>Destruction after the <a href="/wiki/1968_Washington,_D.C.,_riots" title="1968 Washington, D.C., riots">1968 Washington, D.C., riots</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Colleagues of King in the civil rights movement called for a nonviolent response to the assassination to honor his most deeply held beliefs. <a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer Jr.</a> said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Dr. King would be greatly distressed to find that his blood had triggered off bloodshed and disorder. I think instead the nation should be quiet; black and white, and we should be in a prayerful mood, which would be in keeping with his life. We should make that kind of dedication and commitment to the goals which his life served to solving the domestic problems. That's the memorial, that's the kind of memorial we should build for him. It's just not appropriate for there to be violent retaliations, and that kind of demonstration in the wake of the murder of this pacifist and man of peace.<sup id="cite_ref-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, the more militant <a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a> called for forceful action, saying: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>White America killed Dr. King last night. She made it a whole lot easier for a whole lot of black people today. There no longer needs to be intellectual discussions, black people know that they have to get guns. White America will live to cry that she killed Dr. King last night. It would have been better if she had killed <a href="/wiki/H._Rap_Brown" title="H. Rap Brown">Rap Brown</a> and/or Stokely Carmichael, but when she killed Dr. King, she lost.<sup id="cite_ref-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Despite the urging for calm by many leaders, a nationwide wave of <a href="/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Mass racial violence in the United States">riots</a> erupted in more than 100 cities.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the assassination, the city of Memphis quickly settled the strike on favorable terms to the sanitation workers.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCME-WEB3_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCME-WEB3-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AFSCME-WEB4_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCME-WEB4-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions">Reactions</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garment_workers_listen_to_funeral_service_for_MLK_on_portable_radio_April_8_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Garment_workers_listen_to_funeral_service_for_MLK_on_portable_radio_April_8_1968.jpg/260px-Garment_workers_listen_to_funeral_service_for_MLK_on_portable_radio_April_8_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Garment_workers_listen_to_funeral_service_for_MLK_on_portable_radio_April_8_1968.jpg/390px-Garment_workers_listen_to_funeral_service_for_MLK_on_portable_radio_April_8_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Garment_workers_listen_to_funeral_service_for_MLK_on_portable_radio_April_8_1968.jpg/520px-Garment_workers_listen_to_funeral_service_for_MLK_on_portable_radio_April_8_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Garment workers listen to King's funeral service on a portable radio (April 9, 1968)</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 8, King's widow <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a> and her four young children led a crowd estimated at 40,000 in a silent march through the streets of Memphis to honor King and support the cause of the city's black sanitation workers.<sup id="cite_ref-digital_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digital-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next day, funeral rites were held in King's hometown of <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>. The service at <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Baptist_Church_(Atlanta,_Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebenezer Baptist Church (Atlanta, Georgia)">Ebenezer Baptist Church</a> was nationally televised, as were other events. A funeral procession transported King's body for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> miles (5.6 km) through the streets of Atlanta, followed by more than 100,000 mourners, from the church to his <i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a>. A second service was held there before the burial.<sup id="cite_ref-digital_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digital-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of King's assassination, journalists reported some callous or hostile reactions from parts of white America, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="American South">South</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a>, who reported on King's funeral, recounted a comment heard at an affluent white dinner party: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One of the wives—station wagon, three children, forty-five-thousand-dollar house—leaned over and said, "I wish you had spit in his face for me." It was a stunning moment; I wondered for a long time afterwards what King could possibly have done to her, in what conceivable way he could have threatened her, why this passionate hate.<sup id="cite_ref-MED08_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MED08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Reporters recounted that many whites were also grief-stricken at the leader's death. In some cases, the shock of events altered opinions. A survey later sent to a group of college trustees revealed that their opinions of King had risen after his assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-MED08_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MED08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> praised King in an editorial, calling his murder a "national disaster" and his cause "just".<sup id="cite_ref-NYTneed_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTneed-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SD_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public figures generally praised King in the days following his death. Others expressed political ideology. <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alabama">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a> of Alabama, known as a segregationist, described the assassination as a "senseless, regrettable act".<sup id="cite_ref-NYTnonviolence_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTnonviolence-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a> of Georgia called King "an enemy of our country" and threatened to "personally raise" the state capitol flag back from half-staff. California <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> described the assassination as "a great tragedy that began when we began compromising with law and order and people started choosing which laws they'd break". <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> wrote to his constituents: "We are now witnessing the whirlwind sowed years ago when some preachers and teachers began telling people that each man could be his own judge in his own case."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2009257_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2009257-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FBI_investigation">FBI investigation</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> was assigned the lead to investigate King's death. <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a>, who had previously made efforts to undermine King's reputation, told President Johnson that his agency would attempt to find the culprit(s).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many documents related to the investigation remain classified and are slated to remain secret until 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, as in earlier years, some argued for passage of a proposed <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Records_Collection_Act" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act">Records Collection Act</a>, similar to a <a href="/wiki/President_John_F._Kennedy_Assassination_Records_Collection_Act_of_1992" title="President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992">1992 law</a> concerning the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy assassination</a>, to require the immediate release of the records.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The measure did not pass.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funeral">Funeral</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.">Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.</a></div> <p>A crowd of 300,000 attended King's funeral on April 9.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> attended on behalf of Johnson, who was at a meeting on the Vietnam War at <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>; there were fears that Johnson might be hit with protests and abuse over the war if he attended the funeral. At his widow's request, King's last sermon at Ebenezer Baptist Church was played at the funeral; it was a recording of his "Drum Major" sermon given on February 4, 1968. In that sermon, he asked that, at his funeral, no mention of his awards and honors be made, but that it be said he tried to "feed the hungry", "clothe the naked", "be right on the [Vietnam] war question", and "love and serve humanity".<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_1/9/2014_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer_1/9/2014-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perpetrator">Perpetrator</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Ray" title="James Earl Ray">James Earl Ray</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_and_guilty_plea">Capture and guilty plea</h3></div> <p>The FBI investigation found fingerprints on various objects left in the bathroom from which the gunfire had come. Evidence included a <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_760" title="Remington Model 760">Remington Gamemaster</a> rifle from which at least one shot had been fired. The fingerprints were traced to an escaped convict named <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Ray" title="James Earl Ray">James Earl Ray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mlkassassin_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlkassassin-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two months after assassinating King, Ray was captured at <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> while he was trying to depart the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> for <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>) or <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGb2AwFMso9UCpgPA296_296]_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGb2AwFMso9UCpgPA296_296]-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a false <a href="/wiki/Canadian_passport" title="Canadian passport">Canadian passport</a> in the name of Ramon George Sneyd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorrell19682_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorrell19682-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ray was quickly extradited to Tennessee and charged with King's murder.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ray confessed to the assassination on March 10, 1969. On the advice of his <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Percy_Foreman" title="Percy Foreman">Percy Foreman</a>, Ray took a guilty plea to avoid a conviction and potential <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>. Ray was sentenced to a 99-year prison term, but he recanted his confession three days later.<sup id="cite_ref-recant_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recant-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ray fired Foreman and claimed that a man whom he had met in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> by the alias of "Raoul" was involved, as was Ray's brother Johnny, but that Ray himself was not. He said through his new attorney <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kershaw" title="Jack Kershaw">Jack Kershaw</a> that, although he did not "personally shoot King", he may have been "partially responsible without knowing it", hinting at a conspiracy. In May 1977, Kershaw presented evidence to the <a href="/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="House Select Committee on Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</a> that he believed exonerated his client, but tests did not prove conclusive. Kershaw also claimed that Ray was somewhere else when the shots were fired, but he could not find a witness to corroborate the claim.<sup id="cite_ref-Kershaw_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kershaw-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escape">Escape</h3></div> <p>Ray and seven other convicts escaped from <a href="/wiki/Brushy_Mountain_State_Penitentiary" title="Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary">Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petros,_Tennessee" title="Petros, Tennessee">Petros, Tennessee</a> on June 10, 1977. They were recaptured on June 13 and returned to prison.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year was added to Ray's sentence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ray worked for the remainder of his life unsuccessfully attempting to withdraw his guilty plea and secure a full trial. In 1997, King's son <a href="/wiki/Dexter_King" title="Dexter King">Dexter</a> met with Ray; he publicly supported Ray's efforts to obtain a <a href="/wiki/Retrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrial">retrial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN2_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="William Francis Pepper">William Francis Pepper</a> remained Ray's attorney until Ray's death. He carried on the effort to gain a trial on behalf of the King family, who do not believe Ray was responsible, claiming that there was a conspiracy by elements of the government against King.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3></div> <p>Ray died in prison on April 23, 1998, at the age of 70 from liver failure caused by <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a>. It was not conclusively determined how Ray contracted the viral infection.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alleged_government_involvement">Alleged government involvement</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loyd_Jowers">Loyd Jowers</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Loyd_Jowers_and_conspiracy"></span> In December 1993, <a href="/wiki/Loyd_Jowers" title="Loyd Jowers">Loyd Jowers</a>, a white man from Memphis with business interests in the vicinity of the assassination site, appeared on ABC's <i><a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Time Live">Prime Time Live</a></i>. He had gained attention by claiming that he had conspired with the <a href="/wiki/Mafia" title="Mafia">mafia</a> and the federal government to kill King. According to Jowers, Ray was a <a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">scapegoat</a> and was not directly involved in the shooting. Jowers claimed that he had hired someone to kill King as a favor for a friend in the mafia, Frank Liberto, a produce merchant who died before 1993.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the Department of Justice, Jowers had inconsistently identified different people as King's assassin since 1993. He had alternatively claimed the shooter was: (1) an African-American man who was on South Main Street on the night of the assassination (the "Man on South Main Street"); (2) "Raoul"; (3) a white "Lieutenant" with the Memphis Police Department; and (4) a person whom he did not recognize. The Department of Justice does not consider Jowers' accusations credible and refers to two of the accused individuals by pseudonym.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has stated that the evidence allegedly supporting the existence of "Raoul" is dubious.<sup id="cite_ref-DOJMLK_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOJMLK-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coretta_Scott_King_v._Loyd_Jowers"><i>Coretta Scott King v. Loyd Jowers</i></h4></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Civil_case_against_Jowers"></span> In 1997, King's son <a href="/wiki/Dexter_King" title="Dexter King">Dexter</a> met with Ray and asked him, "I just want to ask you, for the record, um, did you kill my father?" Ray replied, "No. No I didn't," and King told Ray that he, along with the King family, believed him. The King family urged that Ray be granted a new trial.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, the family filed a <a href="/wiki/Civil_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil case">civil case</a> against Jowers and unnamed co-conspirators for the <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_death_claim" title="Wrongful death claim">wrongful death</a> of King. The case, <i><a href="/wiki/Loyd_Jowers_trial" title="Loyd Jowers trial">Coretta Scott King, et al. vs. Loyd Jowers et al.</a></i>, Case No. 97242, was tried in the circuit court of Shelby County, Tennessee from November 15 to December 8, 1999.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Attorney <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="William Francis Pepper">William Francis Pepper</a>, representing the King family, presented evidence from 70 witnesses and 4,000 pages of transcripts. Pepper alleges in his book <i>An Act of State</i> (2003) that the evidence implicated the FBI, the CIA, the U.S. Army, the Memphis Police Department, and organized crime in the murder.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPepper2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit alleged government involvement; however, no government officials or agencies were named or made party to the suit, so there was no defense or evidence presented or refuted by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglass2000_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglass2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jury of six blacks and six whites decided that King had been the victim of a conspiracy involving the Memphis police and federal agencies, finding Jowers and unknown co-defendants <a href="/wiki/Legal_liability" title="Legal liability">civilly liable</a> and awarding the family $100.<sup id="cite_ref-king_center_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king_center-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local assistant district attorney John Campbell, who was not involved in the case, said that the case was flawed and "overlooked so much contradictory evidence that never was presented".<sup id="cite_ref-Emily_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emily-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This civil verdict against Jowers has been claimed by some to have established Ray's criminal innocence, which the King family has always maintained, but it has no bearing on his guilty plea. In the United States, civil and criminal trials are always adjudicated independently.<sup id="cite_ref-transcript_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rathause_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rathause-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family said that it had requested only $100 in damages to demonstrate that it was not seeking financial gain. Dexter King called the verdict "a vindication for us".<sup id="cite_ref-Yellin_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellin-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a press conference following the trial, he and his mother Coretta Scott King told reporters that they believed the mafia and state, local, and federal government agencies had conspired to plan the assassination and frame Ray as the shooter.<sup id="cite_ref-KingCenter_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingCenter-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When asked whom the family believed was the true assassin, Dexter King said that Jowers had identified Lt. Earl Clark of the Memphis Police Department as the shooter.<sup id="cite_ref-KingCenter_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingCenter-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Counter_evidence">Counter evidence</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Coretta_Scott_King_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Coretta_Scott_King_Tomb.jpg/220px-Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Coretta_Scott_King_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Coretta_Scott_King_Tomb.jpg/330px-Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Coretta_Scott_King_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Coretta_Scott_King_Tomb.jpg/440px-Martin_Luther_King_Jr_Coretta_Scott_King_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The tomb of Martin Luther King and Coretta Scott King, located on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/King_Center_for_Nonviolent_Social_Change" title="King Center for Nonviolent Social Change">King Center</a> in Atlanta</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> completed its investigation into Jowers' claims, citing no evidence to support the conspiracy allegations. The investigation report recommended no further investigation unless new reliable facts were to be presented.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOJ_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOJ-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sister of Jowers said that he had fabricated the story in order to earn $300,000 by selling it, and that she had corroborated the story to get money to pay her income taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King biographer <a href="/wiki/David_Garrow" title="David Garrow">David Garrow</a> disagrees with Pepper's claims that the government killed King. He is supported by author <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Posner" title="Gerald Posner">Gerald Posner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HNN2_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HNN2-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who wrote <i>Killing the Dream: James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.</i> (1998), concluding that Ray killed King, acting alone, likely for the hope of collecting a racist bounty for the murder.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics of the official verdict on King's death bristled at <i>Killing the Dream</i>, criticizing Posner for, in part, basing it on "a psychological evaluation of James Earl Ray, which he [Posner] is not qualified to give, and he dismisses evidence of conspiracy in King's murder as cynical attempts to exploit the tragedy".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pepper repeatedly dismissed Posner's book as inaccurate and misleading, and Dexter King also criticized it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPepper2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the 1999 verdict in <i>King vs. Jowers</i>, Posner told <i>The New York Times</i>, "It distresses me greatly that the legal system was used in such a callous and farcical manner in Memphis. If the King family wanted a rubber stamp of their own view of the facts, they got it."<sup id="cite_ref-Yellin_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellin-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_theories">Other theories</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Ray_as_scapegoat"></span> </p><p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> reported that two separate ballistic tests conducted on the Remington Gamemaster allegedly used by Ray in the assassination were inconclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS-WEB1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-WEB1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-WEB1_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-WEB1-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some witnesses with King at the moment of the shooting said that the shot had been fired from a different location and not from Ray's window; they believed that the source was a spot behind thick shrubbery near the rooming house.<sup id="cite_ref-AO-WEB2_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-WEB2-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King's friend and SCLC organizer Reverend <a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(American_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Lawson (American activist)">James Lawson</a> has suggested that the impending occupation of Washington, D.C. by the <a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a> was a primary motive for the assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglass2000_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglass2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawson also noted during the civil trial that King alienated President Johnson and other powerful government actors when he repudiated the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> on April 4, 1967—exactly one year before the assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-transcript_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some evidence has suggested that King had been targeted by <a href="/wiki/COINTELPRO" title="COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had also been under surveillance by military intelligence agencies during the period leading up to his assassination under the code name Operation Lantern Spike.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress200215235_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress200215235-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minister Ronald Denton Wilson claimed that his father, Henry Clay Wilson, assassinated King.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stated, "It wasn't a racist thing; he thought Martin Luther King was connected with communism, and he wanted to get him out of the way." However, reportedly Wilson had previously admitted his father was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SMH_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMH-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>, who was with King when he was assassinated, noted: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The fact is there were saboteurs to disrupt the march. [And] within our own organization, we found a very key person who was on the government payroll. So infiltration within, saboteurs from without and the press attacks. I will never believe that James Earl Ray had the motive, the money and the mobility to have done it himself. Our government was very involved in setting the stage for and I think the escape route for James Earl Ray.<sup id="cite_ref-Demo_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demo-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to biographer Taylor Branch, King's friend and colleague <a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a> put it more bluntly: "There is no way a ten-cent white boy could develop a plan to kill a million-dollar black man."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranch2007770_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranch2007770-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Malcolm_X" title="Assassination of Malcolm X">Assassination of Malcolm X</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Been_to_the_Mountaintop" title="I've Been to the Mountaintop">I've Been to the Mountaintop</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era in African-American history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Because [the Department of Justice] does not credit Jowers' inconsistent allegations, we refer to the two assassins he has named as the "Man on South Main Street" and the "Lieutenant", respectively.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPepper20038-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper20038_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPepper2003">Pepper 2003</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPepper200397-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper200397_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPepper2003">Pepper 2003</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Douglass2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Douglass2000_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglass2000_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglass2000_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2000" class="citation news cs1">Douglass, Jim (Spring 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/MLKconExp.html">"The Martin Luther King Conspiracy Exposed in Memphis"</a>. <i>Probe Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914145647/http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/MLKconExp.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Probe+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Martin+Luther+King+Conspiracy+Exposed+in+Memphis&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratical.org%2Fratville%2FJFK%2FMLKconExp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emily-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emily_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emily_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYellin1999" class="citation news cs1">Yellin, Emily (December 9, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/09/us/memphis-jury-sees-conspiracy-in-martin-luther-king-s-killing.html">"Memphis Jury Sees Conspiracy in Martin Luther King's Killing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901105500/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/09/us/memphis-jury-sees-conspiracy-in-martin-luther-king-s-killing.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Memphis+Jury+Sees+Conspiracy+in+Martin+Luther+King%27s+Killing&rft.date=1999-12-09&rft.aulast=Yellin&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F09%2Fus%2Fmemphis-jury-sees-conspiracy-in-martin-luther-king-s-killing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usdoj2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usdoj2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part2.php#over">"Overview"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part1.php"><i>United States Department of Justice Investigation of Recent Allegations Regarding the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a>. June 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113154920/http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part2.php">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Overview&rft.btitle=United+States+Department+of+Justice+Investigation+of+Recent+Allegations+Regarding+the+Assassination+of+Dr.+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Justice&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fcrt%2Fabout%2Fcrm%2Fmlk%2Fpart2.php%23over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahidullah2015" class="citation book cs1">Shahidullah, Shahid M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=whWL6D83FBUC"><i>Crime Policy in America: Laws, Institutions, and Programs</i></a>. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-4098-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-4098-5"><bdi>978-0-7618-4098-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crime+Policy+in+America%3A+Laws%2C+Institutions%2C+and+Programs&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-4098-5&rft.aulast=Shahidullah&rft.aufirst=Shahid+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwhWL6D83FBUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MED08-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MED08_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MED08_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MED08_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyson2008" class="citation book cs1">Dyson, Michael Eric (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/april41968martin00dyso">"Fighting Death"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/april41968martin00dyso"><i>April 4, 1968: Martin Luther King Jr.'s death and how it changed America</i></a> (1st ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Books#Imprints" title="Haymarket Books">Basic Civitas Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0465002122" title="Special:BookSources/978-0465002122"><bdi>978-0465002122</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fighting+Death&rft.btitle=April+4%2C+1968%3A+Martin+Luther+King+Jr.%27s+death+and+how+it+changed+America&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Basic+Civitas+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0465002122&rft.aulast=Dyson&rft.aufirst=Michael+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fapril41968martin00dyso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WAA69-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WAA69_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZrYlAAAAIBAJ&pg=3439%2C4781621">"King had predicted he too would be killed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Afro_American" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Afro American">The Washington Afro American</a></i>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Afro-American" title="Baltimore Afro-American">Baltimore Afro-American</a>. September 9, 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209070857/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZrYlAAAAIBAJ&pg=3439,4781621">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span> – via Google News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Afro+American&rft.atitle=King+had+predicted+he+too+would+be+killed&rft.date=1969-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DZrYlAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3439%252C4781621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Southern_Hollows_podcast-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Southern_Hollows_podcast_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Southern_Hollows_podcast_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernhollows.com/episodes/memphissanitationstrike">"The Accident on a Garbage Truck That Led to the Death of Martin Luther King, Jr"</a>. Southern Hollows podcast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030226/http://www.southernhollows.com/episodes/memphissanitationstrike">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Accident+on+a+Garbage+Truck+That+Led+to+the+Death+of+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr.&rft.pub=Southern+Hollows+podcast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernhollows.com%2Fepisodes%2Fmemphissanitationstrike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelton2021" class="citation news cs1">Felton, Emmanuel (October 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/alabama-spends-more-than-a-half-million-dollars-a-year-on-a-confederate-memorial-black-historical-sites-struggle-to-keep-their-doors-open/2021/10/03/77953f7e-222a-11ec-8fd4-57a5d9bf4b47_story.html">"Alabama spends more than a half-million dollars a year on a Confederate memorial. Black historical sites struggle to keep their doors open"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230625062024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/alabama-spends-more-than-a-half-million-dollars-a-year-on-a-confederate-memorial-black-historical-sites-struggle-to-keep-their-doors-open/2021/10/03/77953f7e-222a-11ec-8fd4-57a5d9bf4b47_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Alabama+spends+more+than+a+half-million+dollars+a+year+on+a+Confederate+memorial.+Black+historical+sites+struggle+to+keep+their+doors+open.&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Falabama-spends-more-than-a-half-million-dollars-a-year-on-a-confederate-memorial-black-historical-sites-struggle-to-keep-their-doors-open%2F2021%2F10%2F03%2F77953f7e-222a-11ec-8fd4-57a5d9bf4b47_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swampland.time.com/2013/04/04/time-looks-back-martin-luther-kings-assassination/">"Time Looks Back: The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. April 4, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302155754/http://swampland.time.com/2013/04/04/time-looks-back-martin-luther-kings-assassination/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Time+Looks+Back%3A+The+Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr.&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswampland.time.com%2F2013%2F04%2F04%2Ftime-looks-back-martin-luther-kings-assassination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2008" class="citation news cs1">Norman, Tony (April 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/tony-norman/2008/04/04/The-last-sermon-Memphis-April-3-1968/stories/200804040201">"The last sermon, Memphis, April 3, 1968"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105184609/http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/tony-norman/2008/04/04/The-last-sermon-Memphis-April-3-1968/stories/200804040201">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=The+last+sermon%2C+Memphis%2C+April+3%2C+1968&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Fopinion%2Ftony-norman%2F2008%2F04%2F04%2FThe-last-sermon-Memphis-April-3-1968%2Fstories%2F200804040201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-About.com_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg" class="citation web cs1">Rosenberg, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220075251/http://history1900s.about.com/cs/martinlutherking/a/mlkassass.htm">"Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated"</a>. <i>20th Century History</i>. About.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history1900s.about.com/cs/martinlutherking/a/mlkassass.htm">the original</a> on February 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20th+Century+History&rft.atitle=Martin+Luther+King+Jr.+Assassinated&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory1900s.about.com%2Fcs%2Fmartinlutherking%2Fa%2Fmlkassass.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2017" class="citation news cs1">Levine, Alexandra S. (January 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/nyregion/new-york-today-martin-luther-king-sneeze-izola-ware-curry-ive-been-to-the-mountaintop-speech.html">"New York Today: If Martin Luther King Had Sneezed"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York+Today%3A+If+Martin+Luther+King+Had+Sneezed&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Alexandra+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F12%2Fnyregion%2Fnew-york-today-martin-luther-king-sneeze-izola-ware-curry-ive-been-to-the-mountaintop-speech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The King Encyclopedia, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/ive-been-mountaintop">I've Been to the Mountaintop</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806060004/https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/ive-been-mountaintop">Archived</a> August 6, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute (Stanford). Accessed August 11, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/speeches/I've_been_to_the_mountaintop.pdf">"I've Been to the Mountaintop"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216012709/http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/speeches/I%27ve_been_to_the_mountaintop.pdf">Archived</a> February 16, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usdoj-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usdoj_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usdoj.gov/crt/crim/mlk/part6.htm">"United States Department of Justice Investigation of Recent Allegations Regarding the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr – VII. King V. Jowers Conspiracy Allegations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>. June 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715184918/http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/crim/mlk/part6.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Department+of+Justice+Investigation+of+Recent+Allegations+Regarding+the+Assassination+of+Dr.+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr+%E2%80%93+VII.+King+V.+Jowers+Conspiracy+Allegations&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Justice&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usdoj.gov%2Fcrt%2Fcrim%2Fmlk%2Fpart6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranch2007766-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranch2007766_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBranch2007">Branch 2007</a>, p. 766.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wctrib.com/news/296401-speech-reverend-offers-students-granite-firsthand-look-civil-rights-movement">"Speech from reverend offers students in Granite a firsthand look at civil rights movement"</a>. <i>West Central Tribune</i>. March 29, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707195040/https://www.wctrib.com/news/296401-speech-reverend-offers-students-granite-firsthand-look-civil-rights-movement">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Central+Tribune&rft.atitle=Speech+from+reverend+offers+students+in+Granite+a+firsthand+look+at+civil+rights+movement&rft.date=2007-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wctrib.com%2Fnews%2F296401-speech-reverend-offers-students-granite-firsthand-look-civil-rights-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tcl-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tcl_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tcl_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGribben" class="citation web cs1">Gribben, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131212711/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/assassins/ray/7.html">"James Earl Ray: The Man Who Killed Dr. Martin Luther King"</a>. trutv.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/assassins/ray/7.html">the original</a> on January 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Earl+Ray%3A+The+Man+Who+Killed+Dr.+Martin+Luther+King&rft.pub=trutv.com&rft.aulast=Gribben&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trutv.com%2Flibrary%2Fcrime%2Fterrorists_spies%2Fassassins%2Fray%2F7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6InSAAAAMAAJ&q=Investigation+of+the+Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King,+Jr.++Appendix+to+Hearings+before+the+Select+Committee+on+Assassinations+of+the+U.S.+House+of+Representatives.++Volume+XIII+(Scientific+Reports+and+Supplementary+Staff+Reports).++March+1979.">"Investigation of the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Appendix to Hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives. Volume XIII (Scientific Reports and Supplementary Staff Reports). March 1979"</a>. <i>www.maryferrell.org</i>. March 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809060048/https://books.google.com/books?id=6InSAAAAMAAJ&q=Investigation+of+the+Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King,+Jr.++Appendix+to+Hearings+before+the+Select+Committee+on+Assassinations+of+the+U.S.+House+of+Representatives.++Volume+XIII+(Scientific+Reports+and+Supplementary+Staff+Reports).++March+1979.#v=snippet&q=Investigation%20of%20the%20Assassination%20of%20Martin%20Luther%20King%2C%20Jr.%20%20Appendix%20to%20Hearings%20before%20the%20Select%20Committee%20on%20Assassinations%20of%20the%20U.S.%20House%20of%20Representatives.%20%20Volume%20XIII%20(Scientific%20Reports%20and%20Supplementary%20Staff%20Reports).%20%20March%201979.&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maryferrell.org&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr.+Appendix+to+Hearings+before+the+Select+Committee+on+Assassinations+of+the+U.S.+House+of+Representatives.+Volume+XIII+%28Scientific+Reports+and+Supplementary+Staff+Reports%29.+March+1979.&rft.date=1979-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6InSAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DInvestigation%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAssassination%2Bof%2BMartin%2BLuther%2BKing%2C%2BJr.%2B%2BAppendix%2Bto%2BHearings%2Bbefore%2Bthe%2BSelect%2BCommittee%2Bon%2BAssassinations%2Bof%2Bthe%2BU.S.%2BHouse%2Bof%2BRepresentatives.%2B%2BVolume%2BXIII%2B%28Scientific%2BReports%2Band%2BSupplementary%2BStaff%2BReports%29.%2B%2BMarch%2B1979.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHI-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CHI_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070811134531/http://chi.gospelcom.net/lives_events/more/mlk.shtml">"Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr"</a>. Christian History Institute. March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chi.gospelcom.net/lives_events/more/mlk.shtml">the original</a> on August 11, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr.&rft.pub=Christian+History+Institute&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchi.gospelcom.net%2Flives_events%2Fmore%2Fmlk.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurnick1988" class="citation news cs1">Purnick, Joyce (April 18, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/18/us/koch-says-jackson-lied-about-actions-after-dr-king-was-slain.html">"Koch Says Jackson Lied About Actions After Dr. King Was Slain"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111011838/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/18/us/koch-says-jackson-lied-about-actions-after-dr-king-was-slain.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Koch+Says+Jackson+Lied+About+Actions+After+Dr.+King+Was+Slain&rft.date=1988-04-18&rft.aulast=Purnick&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F04%2F18%2Fus%2Fkoch-says-jackson-lied-about-actions-after-dr-king-was-slain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/jesse/interviews/young.html">"Interview with Andrew Young"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727180931/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/jesse/interviews/young.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Andrew+Young&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fjesse%2Finterviews%2Fyoung.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLokos1968" class="citation book cs1">Lokos, Lionel (1968). <i>House Divided: The Life and Legacy of Martin Luther King</i>. Arlington House. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=House+Divided%3A+The+Life+and+Legacy+of+Martin+Luther+King&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Arlington+House&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Lokos&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/mlk/#transcript">"Citizen King'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604230651/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/mlk/#transcript">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Experience&rft.atitle=Citizen+King%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffilms%2Fmlk%2F%23transcript&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/assassination-martin-luther-king-jr">"Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr"</a>. <i>The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute</i>. April 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702063612/https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/assassination-martin-luther-king-jr">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr.%2C+Research+and+Education+Institute&rft.atitle=Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr.&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkinginstitute.stanford.edu%2Fencyclopedia%2Fassassination-martin-luther-king-jr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/part-2a.html">"Findings on MLK Assassination"</a>. <i>National Archives</i>. August 15, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224058/https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/part-2a.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Findings+on+MLK+Assassination&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fresearch%2Fjfk%2Fselect-committee-report%2Fpart-2a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/spot/mlk1.html">"Martin Luther King, Jr.: Assassination Conspiracy Theories"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226233929/http://www.infoplease.com/spot/mlk1.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr.%3A+Assassination+Conspiracy+Theories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fspot%2Fmlk1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recant-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-recant_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recant_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerome1998" class="citation news cs1">Jerome, Richard (May 11, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20125261,00.html">"Dead Silence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081108/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20125261,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Dead+Silence&rft.date=1998-05-11&rft.aulast=Jerome&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20125261%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2007124-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2007124_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarke2007">Clarke 2007</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTnonviolence-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTnonviolence_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTnonviolence_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumach1968" class="citation news cs1">Schumach, Murray (April 5, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0115.html">"Martin Luther King Jr.: Leader of Millions in Nonviolent Drive for Racial Justice"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213194331/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0115.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Martin+Luther+King+Jr.%3A+Leader+of+Millions+in+Nonviolent+Drive+for+Racial+Justice&rft.date=1968-04-05&rft.aulast=Schumach&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0115.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTmarch-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTmarch_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/05/archives/aide-to-dr-king-asserts-march-of-poor-in-capital-will-be-held.html">"Aide to Dr. King Asserts March Of Poor in Capital Will Be Held"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 5, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121010305/https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/05/archives/aide-to-dr-king-asserts-march-of-poor-in-capital-will-be-held.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Aide+to+Dr.+King+Asserts+March+Of+Poor+in+Capital+Will+Be+Held&rft.date=1968-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1968%2F04%2F05%2Farchives%2Faide-to-dr-king-asserts-march-of-poor-in-capital-will-be-held.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTnonviolence2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTnonviolence2_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Gelder1968" class="citation news cs1">Van Gelder, Lawrence (April 5, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0404.html">"Negroes Urge Others to Carry on Spirit of Nonviolence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114014811/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0404.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Negroes+Urge+Others+to+Carry+on+Spirit+of+Nonviolence&rft.date=1968-04-05&rft.aulast=Van+Gelder&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbig%2F0404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20062-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20062_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2006">Klein 2006</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoomhower2008" class="citation book cs1">Boomhower, Ray E. (2008). <i>Robert F. Kennedy and the 1968 Indiana Primary</i>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35089-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35089-3"><bdi>978-0-253-35089-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy+and+the+1968+Indiana+Primary&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35089-3&rft.aulast=Boomhower&rft.aufirst=Ray+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20063-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20063_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2006">Klein 2006</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20063–4-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20063–4_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2006">Klein 2006</a>, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scarborough-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scarborough_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joescarborough.com/view.asp?ID=31">Scarborough Country</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025062559/http://www.joescarborough.com/view.asp?ID=31">Archived</a> October 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20061,_4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20061,_4_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2006">Klein 2006</a>, pp. 1, 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klein_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2006a" class="citation magazine cs1">Klein, Joe (April 9, 2006a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217054219/http://www.time.com/time/columnist/klein/article/0,9565,1181593,00.html">"Pssst! Who's behind the decline of politics? Consultants"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/columnist/klein/article/0,9565,1181593,00.html">the original</a> on December 17, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Pssst%21+Who%27s+behind+the+decline+of+politics%3F+Consultants&rft.date=2006-04-09&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fcolumnist%2Fklein%2Farticle%2F0%2C9565%2C1181593%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein20066-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein20066_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2006">Klein 2006</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indygov.org/eGov/Mayor/PR/2006/4/20060404b.htm">Statement of Mayor Bart Peterson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222940/http://www.indygov.org/eGov/Mayor/PR/2006/4/20060404b.htm">Archived</a> November 14, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> April 4, 2006, press release</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/007256296x/77464/top100_only.html">"Top 100 American Speeches of the 20th Century"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926221529/http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/007256296x/77464/top100_only.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+100+American+Speeches+of+the+20th+Century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhighered.mcgraw-hill.com%2Fsites%2Fdl%2Ffree%2F007256296x%2F77464%2Ftop100_only.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewfield1988248-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewfield1988248_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewfield1988">Newfield 1988</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffyLeeman2005245-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffyLeeman2005245_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffyLeeman2005">Duffy & Leeman 2005</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKotz2006415_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKotz2006">Kotz 2006</a>, p. 415.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1968_Year_In_Review,_UPI.com_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1968/Martin-Luther-King-Assasination/12303153093431-4/">"News, Photos, Audio - Archives - UPI.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021014925/http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1968/Martin-Luther-King-Assasination/12303153093431-4/">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News%2C+Photos%2C+Audio+-+Archives+-+UPI.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FAudio%2FYear_in_Review%2FEvents-of-1968%2FMartin-Luther-King-Assasination%2F12303153093431-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/4/newsid_2453000/2453987.stm">"1968: Martin Luther King shot dead"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190311175917/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/4/newsid_2453000/2453987.stm">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1968%3A+Martin+Luther+King+shot+dead&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fapril%2F4%2Fnewsid_2453000%2F2453987.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFSCME-WEB3-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFSCME-WEB3_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206211308/http://www.afscme.org/about/1533.cfm">"AFSCME Wins in Memphis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_State,_County_and_Municipal_Employees" title="American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees">AFSCME</a></i>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a>. April 1, 1968. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afscme.org/about/1533.cfm">the original</a> on December 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFSCME&rft.atitle=AFSCME+Wins+in+Memphis&rft.date=1968-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afscme.org%2Fabout%2F1533.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFSCME-WEB4-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFSCME-WEB4_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206211158/http://www.afscme.org/about/1548.cfm">"1968 Memphis Sanitation Workers' Strike Chronology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_State,_County_and_Municipal_Employees" title="American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees">AFSCME</a></i>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a>. 1968. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afscme.org/about/1548.cfm">the original</a> on December 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFSCME&rft.atitle=1968+Memphis+Sanitation+Workers%27+Strike+Chronology&rft.date=1968&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afscme.org%2Fabout%2F1548.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digital-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digital_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digital_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crdl.usg.edu/events/mlk_assassination/?Welcome">"Dr. King's Assassination: Background"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214013638/http://crdl.usg.edu/events/mlk_assassination/?Welcome">Archived</a> February 14, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Civil Rights Digital Library, Digital Library of Georgia, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTneed-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTneed_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Need of All Humanity". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 5, 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Need+of+All+Humanity&rft.date=1968-04-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SD-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SD_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatalyst2005" class="citation web cs1">Catalyst (November 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213854/http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showpost.php?s=83c87316412df8355c276ee759f16c59&p=6774594&postcount=16">"White America's reaction to the shooting of MLK?"</a>. Straight Dope. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showpost.php?s=83c87316412df8355c276ee759f16c59&p=6774594&postcount=16">the original</a> on October 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+America%27s+reaction+to+the+shooting+of+MLK%3F&rft.pub=Straight+Dope&rft.date=2005-11-08&rft.au=Catalyst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboards.straightdope.com%2Fsdmb%2Fshowpost.php%3Fs%3D83c87316412df8355c276ee759f16c59%26p%3D6774594%26postcount%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2009257-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerlstein2009257_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerlstein2009">Perlstein 2009</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505194256/http://library.truman.edu/microforms/martin_luther_king.asp">"FBI File on Martin Luther King"</a>. <i>library.truman.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.truman.edu/microforms/martin_luther_king.asp">the original</a> on May 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.truman.edu&rft.atitle=FBI+File+on+Martin+Luther+King&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.truman.edu%2Fmicroforms%2Fmartin_luther_king.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss2010" class="citation web cs1">Strauss, Mark (August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/nine-historical-archives-that-will-spill-new-secrets-966931/">"Eight Historical Archives That Will Spill New Secrets"</a>. <i>Smithsonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408031412/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/nine-historical-archives-that-will-spill-new-secrets-966931/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Eight+Historical+Archives+That+Will+Spill+New+Secrets&rft.date=2010-08&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fnine-historical-archives-that-will-spill-new-secrets-966931%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-01-15-king-fbi-files_N.htm">"King's FBI files may be opened to public view"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114155058/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com:80/news/nation/2010-01-15-king-fbi-files_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=King%27s+FBI+files+may+be+opened+to+public+view&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2010-01-15-king-fbi-files_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmer_1/9/2014-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farmer_1/9/2014_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2014" class="citation web cs1">Farmer, Paul (January 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pih.org/article/the-drum-major-instinct">"The Drum Major Instinct: A Reflection on Martin Luther King Day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Partners_In_Health" title="Partners In Health">Partners In Health</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517014034/https://www.pih.org/article/the-drum-major-instinct">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Partners+In+Health&rft.atitle=The+Drum+Major+Instinct%3A+A+Reflection+on+Martin+Luther+King+Day&rft.date=2014-01-09&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pih.org%2Farticle%2Fthe-drum-major-instinct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlkassassin-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mlkassassin_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolk2008" class="citation news cs1">Polk, James (December 29, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/03/28/mlk.ray.case/index.html">"The case against James Earl Ray"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. Atlanta: <a href="/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System" title="Turner Broadcasting System">Turner Broadcasting System</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714194427/http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/03/28/mlk.ray.case/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+case+against+James+Earl+Ray&rft.date=2008-12-29&rft.aulast=Polk&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FUS%2F03%2F28%2Fmlk.ray.case%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGb2AwFMso9UCpgPA296_296]-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGb2AwFMso9UCpgPA296_296]_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarke2007">Clarke 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gb2AwFMso9UC&pg=PA296">296</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorrell19682-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorrell19682_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBorrell1968">Borrell 1968</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kershaw-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kershaw_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2010" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (September 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/24/us/24kershaw.html">"Jack Kershaw Is Dead at 96; Challenged Conviction in King's Death"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190309062408/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/24/us/24kershaw.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jack+Kershaw+Is+Dead+at+96%3B+Challenged+Conviction+in+King%27s+Death&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F09%2F24%2Fus%2F24kershaw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxville.fbi.gov/hist.htm">FIELD OFFICE ESTABLISHED</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524142603/http://knoxville.fbi.gov/hist.htm">Archived</a> May 24, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Knoxville Field Office, FBI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN2-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN2_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/US/9804/23/ray.obit/#2">"James Earl Ray, convicted King assassin, dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. Atlanta: <a href="/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System" title="Turner Broadcasting System">Turner Broadcasting System</a>(<a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a>). April 23, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061029154237/http://edition.cnn.com/US/9804/23/ray.obit/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=James+Earl+Ray%2C+convicted+King+assassin%2C+dies&rft.date=1998-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2FUS%2F9804%2F23%2Fray.obit%2F%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thekingcenter.org/news/trial.html#Statement">KING FAMILY STATEMENT ON THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT "LIMITED INVESTIGATION" OF THE MLK ASSASSINATION</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914103740/http://www.thekingcenter.org/news/trial.html#Statement">Archived</a> September 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The King Center</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tulsaworld.com/news/autopsy-rays-death-by-liver-failure/article_e82db259-5b95-57c5-b621-49bf187c6929.html">"Autopsy: Ray's Death by Liver Failure"</a></span>. <i>Tulsa World</i>. April 25, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230808060920/https://tulsaworld.com/news/autopsy-rays-death-by-liver-failure/article_e82db259-5b95-57c5-b621-49bf187c6929.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tulsa+World&rft.atitle=Autopsy%3A+Ray%27s+Death+by+Liver+Failure&rft.date=1998-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftulsaworld.com%2Fnews%2Fautopsy-rays-death-by-liver-failure%2Farticle_e82db259-5b95-57c5-b621-49bf187c6929.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOJMLK-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DOJMLK_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part1.php#toc">"United States Department of Justice Investigation of Recent Allegations Regarding the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113154920/http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part2.php#toc">Archived</a> January 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. June 2000. Civil Rights Division.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LDpmCpVl0A"><span class="plainlinks">John Ray (brother of James Earl) on Fox</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFMorg1jhPM"><span class="plainlinks">Today in History March 27</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSack1997" class="citation news cs1">Sack, Kevin (March 28, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/28/us/dr-king-s-son-says-family-believes-ray-is-innocent.html">"Dr. King's Son Says Family Believes Ray Is Innocent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802035341/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/28/us/dr-king-s-son-says-family-believes-ray-is-innocent.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+King%27s+Son+Says+Family+Believes+Ray+Is+Innocent&rft.date=1997-03-28&rft.aulast=Sack&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F03%2F28%2Fus%2Fdr-king-s-son-says-family-believes-ray-is-innocent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPepper2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPepper2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPepper2003">Pepper 2003</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-king_center-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-king_center_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thekingcenter.org/civil-case-king-family-versus-jowers/">"Civil Case: King Family versus Jowers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180425210618/http://www.thekingcenter.org/civil-case-king-family-versus-jowers">Archived</a> April 25, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Partial Transcripts of Trial), hosted by The King Center, Atlanta, Georgia. Accessed January 20, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transcript-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317211231/http://www.thekingcenter.org/tkc/trial/Volume14.html">"Trial Transcript Volume XIV"</a>. <i>verdict</i>. The King Center. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thekingcenter.org/tkc/trial/Volume14.html">the original</a> on March 17, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=verdict&rft.atitle=Trial+Transcript+Volume+XIV&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekingcenter.org%2Ftkc%2Ftrial%2FVolume14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSackYellin1999" class="citation news cs1">Sack, Kevin; Yellin, Emily (December 10, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/10/us/dr-king-s-slaying-finally-draws-a-jury-verdict-but-to-little-effect.html">"Dr. King's Slaying Finally Draws A Jury Verdict, but to Little Effect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126032638/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/10/us/dr-king-s-slaying-finally-draws-a-jury-verdict-but-to-little-effect.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+King%27s+Slaying+Finally+Draws+A+Jury+Verdict%2C+but+to+Little+Effect&rft.date=1999-12-10&rft.aulast=Sack&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Yellin%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F10%2Fus%2Fdr-king-s-slaying-finally-draws-a-jury-verdict-but-to-little-effect.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rathause-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rathause_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPepper2002" class="citation web cs1">Pepper, Bill (April 7, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/WFPonMLK.pdf">"William F. Pepper on the MLK Conspiracy Trial"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rat Haus Reality Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060921005715/http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/WFPonMLK.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+F.+Pepper+on+the+MLK+Conspiracy+Trial&rft.pub=Rat+Haus+Reality+Press&rft.date=2002-04-07&rft.aulast=Pepper&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratical.org%2Fratville%2FJFK%2FWFPonMLK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yellin-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yellin_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yellin_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYellin1999" class="citation news cs1">Yellin, Emily (December 9, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/09/us/memphis-jury-sees-conspiracy-in-martin-luther-king-s-killing.html">"Memphis Jury Sees Conspiracy in Martin Luther King's Killing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901105500/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/09/us/memphis-jury-sees-conspiracy-in-martin-luther-king-s-killing.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Memphis+Jury+Sees+Conspiracy+in+Martin+Luther+King%27s+Killing&rft.date=1999-12-09&rft.aulast=Yellin&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F09%2Fus%2Fmemphis-jury-sees-conspiracy-in-martin-luther-king-s-killing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KingCenter-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KingCenter_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KingCenter_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331040137/http://www.thekingcenter.org/assassination-conspiracy-trial">"Assassination Conspiracy Trial"</a>. <i>The King Center</i>. December 9, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thekingcenter.org/assassination-conspiracy-trial">the original</a> on March 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+King+Center&rft.atitle=Assassination+Conspiracy+Trial&rft.date=1999-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekingcenter.org%2Fassassination-conspiracy-trial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDOJ-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USDOJ_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part6.php#conclude">"USDOJ Investigation of Recent Allegations Regarding the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr"</a>. <i>Conclusion and Recommendation</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">USDOJ</a>. June 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113154925/http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part6.php#conclude">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conclusion+and+Recommendation&rft.atitle=USDOJ+Investigation+of+Recent+Allegations+Regarding+the+Assassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr.&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fcrt%2Fabout%2Fcrm%2Fmlk%2Fpart6.php%23conclude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/mlk/memphis/memphis2.htm">"Martin Luther King Jr.: The Legacy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. January 30, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111161639/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/mlk/memphis/memphis2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Martin+Luther+King+Jr.%3A+The+Legacy&rft.date=1999-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnational%2Flongterm%2Fmlk%2Fmemphis%2Fmemphis2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/23/us/loyd-jowers-73-who-claimed-a-role-in-the-killing-of-dr-king.html">"Loyd Jowers, 73, Who Claimed A Role in the Killing of Dr. King"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 23, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715182331/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/23/us/loyd-jowers-73-who-claimed-a-role-in-the-killing-of-dr-king.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Loyd+Jowers%2C+73%2C+Who+Claimed+A+Role+in+the+Killing+of+Dr.+King&rft.date=2000-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F05%2F23%2Fus%2Floyd-jowers-73-who-claimed-a-role-in-the-killing-of-dr-king.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HNN2-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HNN2_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyton2005" class="citation web cs1">Ayton, Mel (February 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060420151340/http://www.historynewsnetwork.org/articles/10325.html">"Book review A Racial Crime: The Assassination of MLK"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">History News Network</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynewsnetwork.org/articles/10325.html">the original</a> on April 20, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+review+A+Racial+Crime%3A+The+Assassination+of+MLK&rft.pub=History+News+Network&rft.date=2005-02-28&rft.aulast=Ayton&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynewsnetwork.org%2Farticles%2F10325.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernstein-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernsteain1998" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bernstein_(journalist)" title="Richard Bernstein (journalist)">Bernsteain, Richard</a> (April 22, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/04/19/daily/posner-book-review.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Killing the Dream': Ray Was King's Lone Assassin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225004112/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/04/19/daily/posner-book-review.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Killing+the+Dream%27%3A+Ray+Was+King%27s+Lone+Assassin&rft.date=1998-04-22&rft.aulast=Bernsteain&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F04%2F19%2Fdaily%2Fposner-book-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umsl.edu/~thomaskp/mlk.htm">"Martin Luther King"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230201/http://www.umsl.edu/~thomaskp/mlk.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Luther+King&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umsl.edu%2F~thomaskp%2Fmlk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS-WEB1-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBS-WEB1_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/james-earl-ray-dead-at-70/">"James Earl Ray Dead At 70"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>. April 23, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212203833/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/04/23/national/main7900.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=James+Earl+Ray+Dead+At+70&rft.date=1998-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fjames-earl-ray-dead-at-70%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-WEB1-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-WEB1_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/82893.stm">"Questions left hanging by James Earl Ray's death"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. April 23, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112023540/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/82893.stm">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Questions+left+hanging+by+James+Earl+Ray%27s+death&rft.date=1998-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F82893.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AO-WEB2-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AO-WEB2_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090606035126/http://www.africanaonline.com/mlk_shrubbery.htm">"Martin Luther King – Sniper in the Shrubbery?"</a>. africanaonline.com. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africanaonline.com/mlk_shrubbery.htm">the original</a> on June 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Luther+King+%E2%80%93+Sniper+in+the+Shrubbery%3F&rft.pub=africanaonline.com&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanaonline.com%2Fmlk_shrubbery.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan_M._Jalon2006" class="citation news cs1">Allan M. Jalon (March 8, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-mar-08-oe-jalon8-story.html">"A break-in to end all break-ins"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035850/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/08/opinion/oe-jalon8">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+break-in+to+end+all+break-ins&rft.date=2006-03-08&rft.au=Allan+M.+Jalon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2006-mar-08-oe-jalon8-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress200215235-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress200215235_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Congress2002">United States Congress 2002</a>, p. 15235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanedy2002" class="citation news cs1">Canedy, Dana (April 6, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/05/us/a-minister-says-his-father-now-dead-killed-dr-king-403377.html">"A Minister Says His Father, Now Dead, Killed Dr. King"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410060448/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02E4DC163DF936A35757C0A9649C8B63">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Minister+Says+His+Father%2C+Now+Dead%2C+Killed+Dr.+King&rft.date=2002-04-06&rft.aulast=Canedy&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F04%2F05%2Fus%2Fa-minister-says-his-father-now-dead-killed-dr-king-403377.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMH-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMH_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanedy2002" class="citation news cs1">Canedy, Dana (April 6, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/04/06/1017206269495.html">"My father killed King, says pastor, 34 years on"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927052441/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/04/06/1017206269495.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=My+father+killed+King%2C+says+pastor%2C+34+years+on&rft.date=2002-04-06&rft.aulast=Canedy&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Farticles%2F2002%2F04%2F06%2F1017206269495.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demo-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Demo_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodmanGonzalez2004" class="citation news cs1">Goodman, Amy; Gonzalez, Juan (January 15, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/01/15/1710221&mode=thread&tid=25">"Jesse Jackson On 'Mad Dean Disease,' the 2000 Elections and Martin Luther King"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060917192148/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F01%2F15%2F1710221&mode=thread&tid=25">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Jesse+Jackson+On+%27Mad+Dean+Disease%2C%27+the+2000+Elections+and+Martin+Luther+King&rft.date=2004-01-15&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2Farticle.pl%3Fsid%3D04%2F01%2F15%2F1710221%26mode%3Dthread%26tid%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranch2007770-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranch2007770_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBranch2007">Branch 2007</a>, p. 770.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorrell1968" class="citation news cs1">Borrell, Clive (June 28, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713081131/http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/viewArticle.arc?articleId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1968-06-28-02-006&pageId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1968-06-28-02">"Ramon Sneyd denies that he killed Dr King"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. London. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/viewArticle.arc?articleId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1968-06-28-02-006&pageId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1968-06-28-02">the original</a> on July 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Ramon+Sneyd+denies+that+he+killed+Dr+King&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1968-06-28&rft.aulast=Borrell&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2FviewArticle.arc%3FarticleId%3DARCHIVE-The_Times-1968-06-28-02-006%26pageId%3DARCHIVE-The_Times-1968-06-28-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranch2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Branch" title="Taylor Branch">Branch, Taylor</a> (2007). <i>At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–68</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684857138" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684857138"><bdi>978-0684857138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Canaan%27s+Edge%3A+America+in+the+King+Years%2C+1965%E2%80%9368&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0684857138&rft.aulast=Branch&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2007" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, James W. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gb2AwFMso9UC"><i>Defining Danger: American Assassins and the New Domestic Terrorists</i></a>. Piscataway, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0765803412" title="Special:BookSources/978-0765803412"><bdi>978-0765803412</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809060053/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gb2AwFMso9UC">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defining+Danger%3A+American+Assassins+and+the+New+Domestic+Terrorists&rft.place=Piscataway%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0765803412&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGb2AwFMso9UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffyLeeman2005" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, Bernard K.; Leeman, Richard W. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqEOLyqYz2EC"><i>American Voices: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Orators</i></a>. Santa Barbara, California: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313327902" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313327902"><bdi>978-0313327902</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809060054/https://books.google.com/books?id=dqEOLyqYz2EC">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Voices%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Orators&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0313327902&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Bernard+K.&rft.au=Leeman%2C+Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqEOLyqYz2EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2006" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Joe (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E5aVqXxPWmgC"><i>Politics Lost: How American Democracy Was Trivialized by People Who Think You're Stupid</i></a> (Large print ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739326145" title="Special:BookSources/9780739326145"><bdi>9780739326145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+Lost%3A+How+American+Democracy+Was+Trivialized+by+People+Who+Think+You%27re+Stupid&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=Large+print&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780739326145&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE5aVqXxPWmgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotz2006" class="citation book cs1">Kotz, Nick (2006). "14. Another Martyr". <i>Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws That Changed America</i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Mariner_Books" title="Mariner Books">Mariner Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0618641833" title="Special:BookSources/978-0618641833"><bdi>978-0618641833</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=14.+Another+Martyr&rft.btitle=Judgment+Days%3A+Lyndon+Baines+Johnson%2C+Martin+Luther+King+Jr.%2C+and+the+Laws+That+Changed+America&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0618641833&rft.aulast=Kotz&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewfield1988" class="citation book cs1">Newfield, Jack (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertkennedyme000newf"><i>Robert Kennedy: A Memoir</i></a> (3rd ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Plume_(publisher)" title="Plume (publisher)">Plume</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0452260641" title="Special:BookSources/978-0452260641"><bdi>978-0452260641</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Plume&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0452260641&rft.aulast=Newfield&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frobertkennedyme000newf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPepper2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Pepper" title="William F. Pepper">Pepper, William F.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actofstateexe00pepp"><i>An Act of State: The Execution of Martin Luther King</i></a>. Brooklyn: <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1859846957" title="Special:BookSources/978-1859846957"><bdi>978-1859846957</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+of+State%3A+The+Execution+of+Martin+Luther+King&rft.place=Brooklyn&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1859846957&rft.aulast=Pepper&rft.aufirst=William+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Factofstateexe00pepp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlstein2009" class="citation book cs1">Perlstein, Rick (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780743243032"><i>Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743243032" title="Special:BookSources/978-0743243032"><bdi>978-0743243032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nixonland%3A+The+Rise+of+a+President+and+the+Fracturing+of+America&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0743243032&rft.aulast=Perlstein&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780743243032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congress2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nU4mhnvgdDgC&q=operation%20lantern%20spike&pg=PA15235"><i>Congressional Record Vol. 148 Part 11: Proceedings and Debates of the 107th Congress Second Session</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government Printing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>. p. 15235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0113225491" title="Special:BookSources/978-0113225491"><bdi>978-0113225491</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809060054/https://books.google.com/books?id=nU4mhnvgdDgC&q=operation%20lantern%20spike&pg=PA15235">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record+Vol.+148+Part+11%3A+Proceedings+and+Debates+of+the+107th+Congress+Second+Session&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=15235&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0113225491&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnU4mhnvgdDgC%26q%3Doperation%2520lantern%2520spike%26pg%3DPA15235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssassination+of+Martin+Luther+King+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.">Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.thekingcenter.org/civil-case-king-family-versus-jowers/">http://www.thekingcenter.org/civil-case-king-family-versus-jowers/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180425210618/http://www.thekingcenter.org/civil-case-king-family-versus-jowers">Archived</a> April 25, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Partial Transcripts of 1998 Trial), hosted by The King Center, Atlanta, Georgia.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/mlk/part1.php">Department of Justice investigation of assassination</a>, 2000 (following the Jowers' allegations)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/part-2-king-findings.html">Congressional Report on King's assassination</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://register.shelby.tn.us/media/mlk/">Shelby County Register of Deeds documents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207053138/https://register.shelby.tn.us/media/mlk/">Archived</a> February 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Assassination Investigation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Wilkes_Jr." title="Donald E. Wilkes Jr.">Donald E. Wilkes Jr.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304024342/http://www.law.uga.edu/dwilkes_more/other_2death.html">"Death of MLK Still a Mystery"</a> (1987), University of Georgia Law School.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Wilkes_Jr." title="Donald E. Wilkes Jr.">Donald E. Wilkes Jr.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314090817/http://www.law.uga.edu/dwilkes_more/other_3facts.html">"What Are Facts of MLK Murder?"</a> (1987).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernhollows.com/episodes/memphissanitationstrike">"The Accident on a Garbage Truck That Led to the Death of Martin Luther King, Jr."</a>, episode of the <i>Southern Hollows</i> podcast</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crdl.usg.edu/events/mlk_assassination/">Dr. King's Assassination</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505081004/http://crdl.usg.edu/events/mlk_assassination/">Archived</a> May 5, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Civil Rights Digital Library.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Martin_Luther_King_Jr." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Template:Martin Luther King Jr."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Template talk:Martin Luther King Jr."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Martin Luther King Jr."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Martin_Luther_King_Jr." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Speeches,_writings,_movements,_and_protests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Speeches, writings, movements, and protests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sermons_and_speeches_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr.">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Give_Us_the_Ballot" title="Give Us the Ballot">Give Us the Ballot</a>" (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>" (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/How_Long,_Not_Long" title="How Long, Not Long">How Long, Not Long</a>" (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Beyond_Vietnam:_A_Time_to_Break_Silence" title="Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence">Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence</a>" (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Been_to_the_Mountaintop" title="I've Been to the Mountaintop">I've Been to the Mountaintop</a>" (1968)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stride_Toward_Freedom" title="Stride Toward Freedom">Stride Toward Freedom</a></i> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_Man%3F_(King_essay)" class="mw-redirect" title="What Is Man? (King essay)">What Is Man?</a>" (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Second_Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Second Emancipation Proclamation">Second Emancipation Proclamation</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Strength_to_Love" title="Strength to Love">Strength to Love</a></i> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Letter_from_Birmingham_Jail" title="Letter from Birmingham Jail">Letter from Birmingham Jail</a>" (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Can%27t_Wait" title="Why We Can't Wait">Why We Can't Wait</a></i> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Conscience_for_Change" title="Conscience for Change">Conscience for Change</a></i> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Do_We_Go_from_Here:_Chaos_or_Community%3F" title="Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?">Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?</a></i> (1967)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Movements<br />and protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a> (1955–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Pilgrimage_for_Freedom" title="Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom">Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albany_Movement" title="Albany Movement">Albany Movement</a> (1961–1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham campaign</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_movement" title="St. Augustine movement">St. Augustine movement</a> (1963–1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_Against_Fear" title="March Against Fear">Mississippi March Against Fear</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnam_War_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Vietnam War movement">Anti-Vietnam</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Mobilization_Committee_to_End_the_War_in_Vietnam#April_15,_1967_Anti-Vietnam_war_demonstrations" title="National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam">War movement</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a> (1968)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a> (wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_King" title="Yolanda King">Yolanda King</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_III" title="Martin Luther King III">Martin Luther King III</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dexter_King" title="Dexter King">Dexter King</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernice_King" title="Bernice King">Bernice King</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Sr." title="Martin Luther King Sr.">Martin Luther King Sr.</a> (father)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Williams_King" title="Alberta Williams King">Alberta Williams King</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christine_King_Farris" title="Christine King Farris">Christine King Farris</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A._D._King" title="A. D. King">A. D. King</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Albert_King" title="James Albert King">James Albert King</a> (grandfather)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alveda_King" title="Alveda King">Alveda King</a> (niece)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a> (mentor, colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a> (strategist / colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Cotton" title="Dorothy Cotton">Dorothy Cotton</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> (protégé)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mays" title="Benjamin Mays">Benjamin Mays</a> (mentor)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Orange" title="James Orange">James Orange</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a> (advisor)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker" title="Wyatt Tee Walker">Wyatt Walker</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hosea_Williams" title="Hosea Williams">Hosea Williams</a> (colleague)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a> (colleague)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Assassination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assassination</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">Lorraine Motel</a> (now National Civil Rights Museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King-assassination_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="King-assassination riots">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Ray" title="James Earl Ray">James Earl Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kershaw" title="Jack Kershaw">Jack Kershaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" title="United States House Select Committee on Assassinations">U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations</a> (HSCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Records_Collection_Act" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act">Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyd_Jowers" title="Loyd Jowers">Loyd Jowers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyd_Jowers_trial" title="Loyd Jowers trial">Trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King:_A_Filmed_Record..._Montgomery_to_Memphis" title="King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis">King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis</a></i> (1970 documentary)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Friend,_Martin" title="Our Friend, Martin">Our Friend, Martin</a></i> (1999 animated)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boycott_(2001_film)" title="Boycott (2001 film)"><i>Boycott</i></a> (2001 film)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witness:_From_the_Balcony_of_Room_306" title="The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306">The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306</a></i> (2008 documentary)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)">Selma</a></i> (2014 film)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(2016_film)" title="All the Way (2016 film)"><i>All the Way</i></a> (2016 film)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_in_the_Wilderness" title="King in the Wilderness">King in the Wilderness</a></i> (2018 documentary)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/MLK/FBI" title="MLK/FBI">MLK/FBI</a></i> (2020 documentary)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rustin_(film)" title="Rustin (film)">Rustin</a></i> (2023 film)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_(miniseries)" title="King (miniseries)"><i>King</i></a> (1978 miniseries)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_First_Store" title="The First Store">The First Store</a>" (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Jeffersons" title="The Jeffersons">The Jeffersons</a></i>, 1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"Great X-Pectations" (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Different_World" title="A Different World">A Different World</a></i>, 1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(New_York_Undercover)" title="The Promised Land (New York Undercover)">"The Promised Land"</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Undercover" title="New York Undercover">New York Undercover</a></i>, 1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Selma,_Lord,_Selma" title="Selma, Lord, Selma">Selma, Lord, Selma</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_King_(The_Boondocks)" title="Return of the King (The Boondocks)">"Return of the King"</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Boondocks_(TV_series)" title="The Boondocks (TV series)">The Boondocks</a></i>, 2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Man:_The_Brotherhood_of_MLK" title="Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK">Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK</a></i> (2011 documentary)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)" title="Genius (American TV series)">Genius</a></i> (<i>MLK/X</i>, 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meeting_(play)" title="The Meeting (play)">The Meeting</a></i> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mountaintop" title="The Mountaintop">The Mountaintop</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/I_Dream_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="I Dream (opera)">I Dream</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(play)" title="All the Way (play)">All the Way</a></i> (2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illustrated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_and_the_Montgomery_Story" title="Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story">Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story</a></i> (1957 comic book)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Abraham,_Martin_and_John" title="Abraham, Martin and John">Abraham, Martin and John</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Dion_DiMucci" title="Dion DiMucci">Dion</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Princess_(album)#Track_listing" title="The Yellow Princess (album)">March! For Martin Luther King</a>" (<a href="/wiki/John_Fahey_(musician)" title="John Fahey (musician)">John Fahey</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Just_a_Collection_of_Antiques_and_Curios#Track_listing" title="Just a Collection of Antiques and Curios">Martin Luther King's Dream</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Strawbs" title="Strawbs">Strawbs</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday_(Stevie_Wonder_song)" title="Happy Birthday (Stevie Wonder song)">Happy Birthday</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Pride_(In_the_Name_of_Love)" title="Pride (In the Name of Love)">Pride (In the Name of Love)</a>" (<a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/MLK_(song)" title="MLK (song)">MLK</a>" (U2)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/King_Holiday" title="King Holiday">King Holiday</a>" (<a href="/wiki/King_Dream_Chorus_and_Holiday_Crew" class="mw-redirect" title="King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew">King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"By the Time I Get to Arizona" (<a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy (band)">Public Enemy</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/New_Moon_Shine" title="New Moon Shine">Shed a Little Light</a>" (<a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Up_to_the_Mountain_(MLK_Song)" title="Up to the Mountain (MLK Song)">Up to the Mountain</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Patti_Griffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Patti Griffin">Patti Griffin</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"Never Alone Martin" (<a href="/wiki/Jason_Upton" title="Jason Upton">Jason Upton</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"Symphony of Brotherhood" (<a href="/wiki/Miri_Ben-Ari" title="Miri Ben-Ari">Miri Ben-Ari</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schwantner:_New_Morning_for_the_World;_Nicolas_Flagello:_The_Passion_of_Martin_Luther_King" title="Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King">Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King</a></i> (1995 album)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/A_Dream_(Common_song)" title="A Dream (Common song)">A Dream</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Common</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glory_(Common_and_John_Legend_song)" title="Glory (Common and John Legend song)">"Glory"</a> (Common and <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Civil rights movement in popular culture">Civil rights movement in popular culture</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Estate_of_Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.,_Inc._v._CBS,_Inc." title="Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.">Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_v._Trustees_of_Boston_Univ." title="King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.">King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passage_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day">passage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._National_Historical_Park" title="Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park">National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King_Center_(Atlanta)" class="mw-redirect" title="The King Center (Atlanta)">King Center for Nonviolent Social Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Avenue_Baptist_Church" title="Dexter Avenue Baptist Church">Dexter Avenue Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">National Civil Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Six_(activists)" title="Big Six (activists)">Big Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._authorship_issues" title="Martin Luther King Jr. authorship issues">Authorship issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI%E2%80%93King_suicide_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI–King suicide letter">FBI–King suicide letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_for_Nonviolence" title="Season for Nonviolence">Season for Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(U.S._Capitol)" title="Bust of Martin Luther King Jr. (U.S. Capitol)">U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Alston)" title="Bust of Martin Luther King Jr. (Alston)">Oval Office bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homage_to_King" title="Homage to King"><i>Homage to King</i> sculpture, Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Moving_Forward" title="Hope Moving Forward"><i>Hope Moving Forward</i> statue, Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_House_Black_History_Museum" title="Safe House Black History Museum">Safe House Black History Museum</a></li> <li>Statues of Martin Luther King Jr. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Atlanta)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Atlanta)">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Embrace" title="The Embrace">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Denver)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Denver)">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Houston)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Houston)">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._Memorial_(Jersey_City)" title="Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Jersey City)">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Milwaukee)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Milwaukee)">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Mexico_City)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Mexico City)">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Newark)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Newark)">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Pueblo,_Colorado)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Pueblo, Colorado)">Pueblo, Colorado</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena_Gardens#Public_art" title="Yerba Buena Gardens">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._Memorial_(Compton)" title="Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton)">Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_for_Peace_Memorial" title="Landmark for Peace Memorial"><i>Landmark for Peace Memorial</i>, Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_(sculpture)" title="The Dream (sculpture)"><i>The Dream</i> sculpture, Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy%E2%80%93King_College" title="Kennedy–King College">Kennedy–King College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial_Library" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Library" title="Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library">Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Clichy-Batignolles_%E2%80%93_Martin_Luther_King" title="Parc Clichy-Batignolles – Martin Luther King">Paris park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.">Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_County,_Washington" title="King County, Washington">King County, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_named_after_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="List of streets named after Martin Luther King Jr.">Eponymous streets</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America_in_the_King_Years" title="America in the King Years">America in the King Years</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Civil rights movement in popular culture">Civil rights movement in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Jackson%E2%80%93King_Day" title="Lee–Jackson–King Day">Lee–Jackson–King Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Civil_rights_movement_(1954–1968)" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Civil_rights_movement" title="Template:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Civil_rights_movement" title="Template talk:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Civil_rights_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_rights_movement_(1954–1968)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a> (1954–1968)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Events<br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement" title="Timeline of the civil rights movement">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Prior to 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Reconciliation" title="Journey of Reconciliation">Journey of Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9981" title="Executive Order 9981">Executive Order 9981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Harry_and_Harriette_Moore" title="Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore">Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter" title="Sweatt v. Painter">Sweatt v. Painter</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLaurin_v._Oklahoma_State_Regents" title="McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents">McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge_bus_boycott" title="Baton Rouge bus boycott">Baton Rouge bus boycott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1954–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolling_v._Sharpe" title="Bolling v. Sharpe">Bolling v. Sharpe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briggs_v._Elliott" title="Briggs v. Elliott">Briggs v. Elliott</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Davis_v._County_School_Board_of_Prince_Edward_County" title="Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County">Davis v. Prince Edward County</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gebhart_v._Belton" title="Gebhart v. Belton">Gebhart v. Belton</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keys_v._Carolina_Coach_Co." title="Keys v. Carolina Coach Co.">Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee_bus_boycott" title="Tallahassee bus boycott">Tallahassee bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_school_desegregation_incident" title="Mansfield school desegregation incident">Mansfield school desegregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Pilgrimage_for_Freedom" title="Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom">1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Give_Us_the_Ballot" title="Give Us the Ballot">Give Us the Ballot</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Ice_Cream_sit-in" title="Royal Ice Cream sit-in">Royal Ice Cream sit-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooper_v._Aaron" title="Cooper v. Aaron">Cooper v. Aaron</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers%27_Manifesto" title="Ministers' Manifesto">Ministers' Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katz_Drug_Store_sit-in" title="Katz Drug Store sit-in">Katz Drug Store sit-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_Case" title="Kissing Case">Kissing Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi_wade-ins" title="Biloxi wade-ins">Biloxi wade-ins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1960–1963</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day_March" title="New Year's Day March">New Year's Day March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins" title="Greensboro sit-ins">Greensboro sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins" title="Nashville sit-ins">Nashville sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibley_Commission" title="Sibley Commission">Sibley Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_sit-ins" title="Atlanta sit-ins">Atlanta sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_Protest_Movement" title="Savannah Protest Movement">Savannah Protest Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_Eight" title="Greenville Eight">Greenville Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ax_Handle_Saturday" title="Ax Handle Saturday">Ax Handle Saturday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gomillion_v._Lightfoot" title="Gomillion v. Lightfoot">Gomillion v. Lightfoot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boynton_v._Virginia" title="Boynton v. Virginia">Boynton v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_desegregation_riot" title="University of Georgia desegregation riot">University of Georgia desegregation riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Nine" title="Friendship Nine">Rock Hill sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Day_Address" title="Law Day Address">Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Rides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anniston_bus_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Anniston bus bombing">Anniston bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham bus attack">Birmingham attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garner_v._Louisiana" title="Garner v. Louisiana">Garner v. Louisiana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Movement" title="Albany Movement">Albany Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_movement_(civil_rights)" title="Cambridge movement (civil rights)">Cambridge movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_sit-ins" title="University of Chicago sit-ins">University of Chicago sit-ins</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Second_Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Second Emancipation Proclamation">Second Emancipation Proclamation</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Miss_riot_of_1962" title="Ole Miss riot of 1962">Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%27s_Berlin_Wall" title="Atlanta's Berlin Wall">Atlanta's Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace%27s_1963_Inaugural_Address" title="George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address">"Segregation now, segregation forever"</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">Stand in the Schoolhouse Door</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">1963 Birmingham campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_from_Birmingham_Jail" title="Letter from Birmingham Jail">Letter from Birmingham Jail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Crusade_(1963)" title="Children's Crusade (1963)">Children's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_riot_of_1963" title="Birmingham riot of 1963">Birmingham riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing">16th Street Baptist Church bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_to_the_American_People_on_Civil_Rights" title="Report to the American People on Civil Rights">John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Detroit Walk to Freedom">Detroit Walk to Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">"I Have a Dream"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Six_(activists)" title="Big Six (activists)">Big Six</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_movement" title="St. Augustine movement">St. Augustine movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1964–1968</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fourth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_school_protests" title="Chester school protests">Chester school protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Tuesday_(1964)" title="Bloody Tuesday (1964)">Bloody Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Monson_Motor_Lodge_protests" title="1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests">1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">workers' murders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Atlanta_Motel,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States">Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katzenbach_v._McClung" title="Katzenbach v. McClung">Katzenbach v. McClung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964%E2%80%931965_Scripto_strike" title="1964–1965 Scripto strike">1964–1965 Scripto strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">1965 Selma to Montgomery marches</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Long,_Not_Long" title="How Long, Not Long">How Long, Not Long</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harper_v._Virginia_State_Board_of_Elections" title="Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections">Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Against_Fear" title="March Against Fear">March Against Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loving_v._Virginia" title="Loving v. Virginia">Loving v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King assassination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.">funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_assassination_riots" title="King assassination riots">riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_v._County_School_Board_of_New_Kent_County" title="Green v. County School Board of New Kent County">Green v. County School Board of New Kent County</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jones_v._Alfred_H._Mayer_Co." title="Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.">Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Olympics_Black_Power_salute" title="1968 Olympics Black Power salute">1968 Olympics Black Power salute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activist<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Christian_Movement_for_Human_Rights" title="Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights">Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Negro_Voters_League" title="Atlanta Negro Voters League">Atlanta Negro Voters League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Student_Movement" title="Atlanta Student Movement">Atlanta Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Sleeping_Car_Porters" title="Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters">Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Freedom_Now" title="Committee for Freedom Now">Committee for Freedom Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Appeal_for_Human_Rights" title="Committee on Appeal for Human Rights">Committee on Appeal for Human Rights</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Appeal_for_Human_Rights" title="An Appeal for Human Rights">An Appeal for Human Rights</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_United_Civil_Rights_Leadership" title="Council for United Civil Rights Leadership">Council for United Civil Rights Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Federated_Organizations" title="Council of Federated Organizations">Council of Federated Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County_Voters_League" title="Dallas County Voters League">Dallas County Voters League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacons_for_Defense_and_Justice" title="Deacons for Defense and Justice">Deacons for Defense and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Council_on_Human_Relations" title="Georgia Council on Human Relations">Georgia Council on Human Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_Research_and_Education_Center" title="Highlander Research and Education Center">Highlander Folk School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Conference_on_Civil_and_Human_Rights" title="Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights">Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County_Freedom_Organization" title="Lowndes County Freedom Organization">Lowndes County Freedom Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Freedom_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party">Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Improvement_Association" title="Montgomery Improvement Association">Montgomery Improvement Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Youth_Council" title="NAACP Youth Council">Youth Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Student_Movement" title="Northern Student Movement">Northern Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Breadbasket" title="Operation Breadbasket">Operation Breadbasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Negro_Leadership" title="Regional Council of Negro Leadership">Regional Council of Negro Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Regional_Council" title="Southern Regional Council">Southern Regional Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Singers" title="The Freedom Singers">The Freedom Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers (UAW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesdays_in_Mississippi" title="Wednesdays in Mississippi">Wednesdays in Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Political_Council" title="Women's Political Council">Women's Political Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gray_Adams" title="Victoria Gray Adams">Victoria Gray Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zev_Aelony" title="Zev Aelony">Zev Aelony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Ahmann" title="Mathew Ahmann">Mathew Ahmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Anderson" title="William G. Anderson">William G. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Elaine_Armstrong" title="Gwendolyn Elaine Armstrong">Gwendolyn Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Aronson" title="Arnold Aronson">Arnold Aronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Barry" title="Marion Barry">Marion Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Black_(minister)" title="Claude Black (minister)">Claude Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Blackwell" title="Gloria Blackwell">Gloria Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Blackwell" title="Randolph Blackwell">Randolph Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unita_Blackwell" title="Unita Blackwell">Unita Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezell_Blair_Jr." title="Ezell Blair Jr.">Ezell Blair Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Bland" title="Joanne Bland">Joanne Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Boone" title="Joseph E. Boone">Joseph E. Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holmes_Borders" title="William Holmes Borders">William Holmes Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Boynton" title="Bruce Boynton">Bruce Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raylawni_Branch" title="Raylawni Branch">Raylawni Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Branche" title="Stanley Branche">Stanley Branche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelia_Browder" title="Aurelia Browder">Aurelia Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Rap_Brown" title="H. Rap Brown">H. Rap Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Calhoun" title="John H. Calhoun">John H. Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carawan" title="Guy Carawan">Guy Carawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Carr" title="Johnnie Carr">Johnnie Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">James Chaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Chestnut,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="J. L. Chestnut, Jr.">J. L. Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colia_Clark" title="Colia Clark">Colia Lafayette Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xernona_Clayton" title="Xernona Clayton">Xernona Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Cleaver" title="Eldridge Cleaver">Eldridge Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cleaver" title="Kathleen Cleaver">Kathleen Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Dobbs_Clement" title="Josephine Dobbs Clement">Josephine Dobbs Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Cobb_Jr." title="Charles E. Cobb Jr.">Charles E. Cobb Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Lee_Cooper" title="Annie Lee Cooper">Annie Lee Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Cotton" title="Dorothy Cotton">Dorothy Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Dahmer" title="Vernon Dahmer">Vernon Dahmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Daniels" title="Jonathan Daniels">Jonathan Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Davis" title="Abraham Lincoln Davis">Abraham Lincoln Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_DeLaine" title="Joseph DeLaine">Joseph DeLaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dennis_(activist)" title="Dave Dennis (activist)">Dave Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Bell_Robinson_Devine" title="Annie Bell Robinson Devine">Annie Bell Robinson Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Dobbs" title="John Wesley Dobbs">John Wesley Dobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Stephens_Due" title="Patricia Stephens Due">Patricia Stephens Due</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellwanger" title="Joseph Ellwanger">Joseph Ellwanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evers" title="Charles Evers">Charles Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrlie_Evers-Williams" title="Myrlie Evers-Williams">Myrlie Evers-Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fager" title="Chuck Fager">Chuck Fager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fauntroy" title="Walter Fauntroy">Walter Fauntroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Forman" title="James Forman">James Forman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Foster" title="Marie Foster">Marie Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Frinks" title="Golden Frinks">Golden Frinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graetz" title="Robert Graetz">Robert Graetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Greenberg" title="Jack Greenberg">Jack Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Guyot" title="Lawrence Guyot">Lawrence Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathia_Hall" title="Prathia Hall">Prathia Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Harbour" title="William E. Harbour">William E. Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Harding" title="Vincent Harding">Vincent Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Faye_Hendricks" title="Audrey Faye Hendricks">Audrey Faye Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Hendricks" title="Lola Hendricks">Lola Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Henry_(politician)" title="Aaron Henry (politician)">Aaron Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hill_(attorney)" title="Oliver Hill (attorney)">Oliver Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Hollowell" title="Donald L. Hollowell">Donald L. Hollowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hood" title="James Hood">James Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Horton" title="Myles Horton">Myles Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilphia_Horton" title="Zilphia Horton">Zilphia Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._R._M._Howard" title="T. R. M. Howard">T. R. M. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hurley" title="Ruby Hurley">Ruby Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Ivory" title="Cecil Ivory">Cecil Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jimmie_Lee_Jackson" title="Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson">Jimmie Lee Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Jean_Jackson" title="Richie Jean Jackson">Richie Jean Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Jemison" title="T. J. Jemison">T. J. Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esau_Jenkins" title="Esau Jenkins">Esau Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Johns" title="Vernon Johns">Vernon Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Minis_Johnson" title="Frank Minis Johnson">Frank Minis Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_B._Jones" title="Clarence B. Jones">Clarence Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Charles_Jones" title="J. Charles Jones">J. Charles Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Jones_(activist)" title="Matthew Jones (activist)">Matthew Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kahn" title="Tom Kahn">Tom Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Kennard" title="Clyde Kennard">Clyde Kennard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._King" title="A. D. King">A. D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevene_Bowers_King" title="Chevene Bowers King">C.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Sr." title="Martin Luther King Sr.">Martin Luther King Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lee_(activist)" title="Bernard Lee (activist)">Bernard Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_R._Leigh" title="Sanford R. Leigh">Sanford R. Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Letherer" title="Jim Letherer">Jim Letherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Levison" title="Stanley Levison">Stanley Levison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Liuzzo" title="Viola Liuzzo">Viola Liuzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._Alexander_Looby" title="Z. Alexander Looby">Z. Alexander Looby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Luper" title="Clara Luper">Clara Luper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Lyon" title="Danny Lyon">Danny Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Mallory" title="Mae Mallory">Mae Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Malone_Jones" title="Vivian Malone Jones">Vivian Malone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mants" title="Bob Mants">Bob Mants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mays" title="Benjamin Mays">Benjamin Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_McCain" title="Franklin McCain">Franklin McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McDew" title="Charles McDew">Charles McDew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_McGill" title="Ralph McGill">Ralph McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_McKissick" title="Floyd McKissick">Floyd McKissick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McNeil" title="Joseph McNeil">Joseph McNeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meredith" title="James Meredith">James Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Ming" title="William Robert Ming">William Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Minnis" title="Jack Minnis">Jack Minnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amzie_Moore" title="Amzie Moore">Amzie Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._Moore" title="Cecil B. Moore">Cecil B. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Moore" title="Douglas E. Moore">Douglas E. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriette_Moore" title="Harriette Moore">Harriette Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry T. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mother_Moore" title="Queen Mother Moore">Queen Mother Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Moore" title="William Lewis Moore">William Lewis Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Morgan" title="Irene Morgan">Irene Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moyer" title="William Moyer">William Moyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad" title="Elijah Muhammad">Elijah Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Neblett" title="Charles Neblett">Charles Neblett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Nixon" title="E. D. Nixon">Edgar Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Dell" title="Jack O'Dell">Jack O'Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Orange" title="James Orange">James Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Peck_(pacifist)" title="James Peck (pacifist)">James Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Person" title="Charles Person">Charles Person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Plessy" title="Homer Plessy">Homer Plessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Bellamy_Powell" title="Fay Bellamy Powell">Fay Bellamy Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_N._Powell" title="Rodney N. Powell">Rodney N. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Raby" title="Albert Raby">Al Raby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ragsdale" title="Lincoln Ragsdale">Lincoln Ragsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Raymond" title="George Raymond">George Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Raymond_Jr." title="George Raymond Jr.">George Raymond Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Johnson_Reagon" title="Bernice Johnson Reagon">Bernice Johnson Reagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Reagon" title="Cordell Reagon">Cordell Reagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reeb" title="James Reeb">James Reeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Reese" title="Frederick D. Reese">Frederick D. Reese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Richardson" title="Gloria Richardson">Gloria Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Richmond_(activist)" title="David Richmond (activist)">David Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Robinson" title="Bernice Robinson">Bernice Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Robinson" title="Jo Ann Robinson">Jo Ann Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Russell_(politician)" title="Angela Russell (politician)">Angela Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Bobby Seale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Sellers" title="Cleveland Sellers">Cleveland Sellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrod" title="Charles Sherrod">Charles Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_D._Shimkin" title="Alexander D. Shimkin">Alexander D. Shimkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modjeska_Monteith_Simkins" title="Modjeska Monteith Simkins">Modjeska Monteith Simkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_E._Smiley" title="Glenn E. Smiley">Glenn E. Smiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Maceo_Smith" title="A. Maceo Smith">A. Maceo Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Miller_Smith" title="Kelly Miller Smith">Kelly Miller Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Smith_(activist)" title="Mary Louise Smith (activist)">Mary Louise Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Smith" title="Maxine Smith">Maxine Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Doris_Smith-Robinson" title="Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson">Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kenzie_Steele" title="Charles Kenzie Steele">Charles Kenzie Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Thomas" title="Hank Thomas">Hank Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Tillman" title="Dorothy Tillman">Dorothy Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Tureaud" title="A. P. Tureaud">A. P. Tureaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartman_Turnbow" title="Hartman Turnbow">Hartman Turnbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Turner_(activist)" title="Albert Turner (activist)">Albert Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._T._Walden" title="A. T. Walden">A. T. Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker" title="Wyatt Tee Walker">Wyatt Tee Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollis_Watkins" title="Hollis Watkins">Hollis Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Francis White">Walter Francis White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea_Williams" title="Hosea Williams">Hosea Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Kale Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Williams" title="Robert F. Williams">Robert F. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q._V._Williamson" title="Q. V. Williamson">Q. V. Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Younge_Jr." title="Sammy Younge Jr.">Sammy Younge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Zellner" title="Bob Zellner">Bob Zellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Zwerg" title="James Zwerg">James Zwerg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="South Carolina in the civil rights movement">South Carolina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Movement<br />songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_Gonna_Let_Nobody_Turn_Me_%27Round" title="Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round">"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If_You_Miss_Me_at_the_Back_of_the_Bus" title="If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus">"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbaya" title="Kumbaya">"Kumbaya"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Your_Eyes_on_the_Prize" title="Keep Your Eyes on the Prize">"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Freedom" title="Oh, Freedom">"Oh, Freedom"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Little_Light_of_Mine" title="This Little Light of Mine">"This Little Light of Mine"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Shall_Not_Be_Moved" title="I Shall Not Be Moved">"We Shall Not Be Moved"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">"We Shall Overcome"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_Up_This_Morning_(With_My_Mind_Stayed_On_Freedom)" title="Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)">"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padayatra" title="Padayatra">Padayatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_v._Warley" title="Buchanan v. Warley">Buchanan v. Warley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hocutt_v._Wilson" title="Hocutt v. Wilson">Hocutt v. Wilson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter" title="Sweatt v. Painter">Sweatt v. Painter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hernandez_v._Texas" title="Hernandez v. Texas">Hernandez v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loving_v._Virginia" title="Loving v. Virginia">Loving v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="African-American women in the civil rights movement">African-American women in the movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="Jews in the civil rights movement">Jews in the civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Circuit_Four" title="Fifth Circuit Four">Fifth Circuit Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church" title="16th Street Baptist Church">16th Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ingram_Park" title="Kelly Ingram Park">Kelly Ingram Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.G._Gaston_Motel" title="A.G. Gaston Motel">A.G. Gaston Motel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Bethel Baptist Church (Birmingham, Alabama)">Bethel Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Chapel_A.M.E._Church_(Selma,_Alabama)" title="Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama)">Brown Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Avenue_Baptist_Church" title="Dexter Avenue Baptist Church">Dexter Avenue Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holt_Street_Baptist_Church" title="Holt Street Baptist Church">Holt Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pettus_Bridge" title="Edmund Pettus Bridge">Edmund Pettus Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_Movement" title="March on Washington Movement">March on Washington Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_African-American_churches#20th_Century" title="List of attacks against African-American churches">African-American churches attacked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">List of lynching victims in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Schools" title="Freedom Schools">Freedom Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom songs">Freedom songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mobilization_Committee_to_End_the_War_in_Vietnam" title="National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam">Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beyond_Vietnam:_A_Time_to_Break_Silence" title="Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence">Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">1960s counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_on_the_Prize" title="Eyes on the Prize">Eyes on the Prize</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Civil rights movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_Institute" title="Birmingham Civil Rights Institute">Birmingham Civil Rights Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_National_Monument" title="Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument">Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Memorial" title="Civil Rights Memorial">Civil Rights Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement_Archive" title="Civil Rights Movement Archive">Civil Rights Movement Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_and_Mamie_Till-Mobley_National_Monument" title="Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument">Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_and_Myrlie_Evers_Home_National_Monument" title="Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument">Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Rides_Museum" title="Freedom Rides Museum">Freedom Rides Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders_National_Monument" title="Freedom Riders National Monument">Freedom Riders National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Center_for_Nonviolent_Social_Change" title="King Center for Nonviolent Social Change">King Center for Nonviolent Social Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.">other King memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="Mississippi Civil Rights Museum">Mississippi Civil Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">National Civil Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voting_Rights_Museum" title="National Voting Rights Museum">National Voting Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_Foot_Soldiers_Monument" title="St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument">St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Salute_(statue)" title="Victory Salute (statue)">Olympic Black Power Statue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Noted<br />historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Branch" title="Taylor Branch">Taylor Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayborne_Carson" title="Clayborne Carson">Clayborne Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dittmer" title="John Dittmer">John Dittmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Michael Eric Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fager" title="Chuck Fager">Chuck Fager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Fairclough" title="Adam Fairclough">Adam Fairclough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Garrow" title="David Garrow">David Garrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Harding" title="Vincent Harding">Vincent Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Lawson" title="Steven F. Lawson">Steven F. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_McAdam" title="Doug McAdam">Doug McAdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_McWhorter" title="Diane McWhorter">Diane McWhorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Payne" title="Charles M. Payne">Charles M. Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Ricks_(journalist)" title="Thomas E. Ricks (journalist)">Thomas E. Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Tyson" title="Timothy Tyson">Timothy Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akinyele_Umoja" title="Akinyele Umoja">Akinyele Umoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers_of_the_civil_rights_movement" title="List of photographers of the civil rights movement">Movement photographers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ACRM" title="Wikipedia:ACRM"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/28px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/42px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/56px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Civil_rights_movement" title="Portal:Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lyndon_B._Johnson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template talk:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lyndon_B._Johnson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1963–1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1961–1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Texas</a> (1949–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">TX-10</a> (1937–1949)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">Timeline</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_Continue" title="Let Us Continue">Let Us Continue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Model_Cities_Program" title="Model Cities Program">Model Cities Program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Barriers_Act_of_1968" title="Architectural Barriers Act of 1968">Architectural Barriers Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act" title="Child Nutrition Act">Child Nutrition Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1965" title="Coinage Act of 1965">Coinage Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Opportunity_Act_of_1964" title="Economic Opportunity Act of 1964">Economic Opportunity Act of 1964</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_Start_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Head Start Program">Head Start Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Corps" title="Job Corps">Job Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Elementary and Secondary Education Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Housing_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Housing Act">Fair Housing Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Lending_Act" title="Truth in Lending Act">Truth in Lending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1968" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Stamp_Act_of_1964" title="Food Stamp Act of 1964">Food Stamp Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassboro_Summit_Conference" title="Glassboro Summit Conference">Glassboro Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_of_1965" title="Higher Education Act of 1965">Higher Education Act of 1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Bound" title="Upward Bound">Upward Bound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIO_(program)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRIO (program)">TRIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_Corps" title="Teacher Corps">Teacher Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Act_of_1968" title="Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968">Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)">Dominican Republic occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)#History" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United States)">Meritorious Service Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11246" title="Executive Order 11246">Executive Order 11246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11375" title="Executive Order 11375">Executive Order 11375</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Older_Americans_Act" title="Older Americans Act">Older Americans Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#Lyndon_B._Johnson's_escalation,_1963–69" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Gulf of Tonkin Resolution</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Credibility_gap" title="Credibility gap">Credibility gap</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_poverty" title="War on poverty">War on poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">White House preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1964 State of the Union Address">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1965 State of the Union Address">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1966 State of the Union Address">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1967 State of the Union Address">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1968 State of the Union Address">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1969 State of the Union Address">1969</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination">Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Lyndon B. Johnson judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_desk" title="Johnson desk">Johnson desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Presidential transition of Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/100px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/150px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/200px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Early_years" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Early years and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Texas" title="Operation Texas">Operation Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTBC_(TV)" title="KTBC (TV)">Texas Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Amendment" title="Johnson Amendment">Johnson Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_13_scandal" title="Box 13 scandal">Box 13 scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Ahmad_(camel_driver)" title="Bashir Ahmad (camel driver)">Bashir Ahmad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of memorials to Lyndon B. Johnson">memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Grassland" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland">Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park">Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs">Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Memorial Grove on the Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Electoral history of Lyndon B. Johnson">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1938 United States House of Representatives elections">1938 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1940 United States House of Representatives elections">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1942 United States House of Representatives elections">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1944 United States House of Representatives elections">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States Senate special elections, 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">1948 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1954 United States Senate elections">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1960_and_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1960 and 1961">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1964</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Personality_and_public_image" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_in_popular_culture" title="Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture">Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_(advertisement)" title="Daisy (advertisement)"><i>Daisy</i> advertisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_cult" title="Johnson cult">Johnson cult</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Lyndon_Johnson" title="The Years of Lyndon Johnson">The Years of Lyndon Johnson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(1991_film)" title="LBJ (1991 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (1991 television film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_to_War" title="Path to War"><i>Path to War</i> (2002 film)</a></li> <li><i>All the Way</i> (<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(play)" title="All the Way (play)">play</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(2016_film)" title="All the Way (2016 film)">film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)"><i>Selma</i> (2014 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(2016_film)" title="LBJ (2016 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (2017 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Family of Lyndon B. Johnson">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Bird_Johnson_Robb" title="Lynda Bird Johnson Robb">Lynda Bird Johnson Robb</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luci_Baines_Johnson" title="Luci Baines Johnson">Luci Baines Johnson</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson_Jr." title="Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Johnson" title="Sam Houston Johnson">Sam Houston Johnson</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilson_Baines" title="Joseph Wilson Baines">Joseph Wilson Baines</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Baines" title="George Washington Baines">George Washington Baines</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Chuck Robb</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">← John F. Kennedy</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">← Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Category:Lyndon B. Johnson">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&oldid=1257888086">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&oldid=1257888086</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Category:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_in_Tennessee" title="Category:1968 in Tennessee">1968 in Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1968 in the United States">1968 in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_murders_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1968 murders in the United States">1968 murders in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_history_in_Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Category:African-American history in Memphis, Tennessee">African-American history in Memphis, Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:April_1968_events_in_the_United_States" title="Category:April 1968 events in the United States">April 1968 events in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassinations_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Assassinations in the United States">Assassinations in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_of_the_civil_rights_movement" title="Category:Events of the civil rights movement">Events of the civil rights movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crimes_in_Tennessee" title="Category:Crimes in Tennessee">Crimes in Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_firearm_in_Tennessee" title="Category:Deaths by firearm in Tennessee">Deaths by firearm in Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_person_in_Tennessee" title="Category:Deaths by person in Tennessee">Deaths by person in Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Category:Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Category:Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Racially_motivated_violence_against_African_Americans" title="Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans">Racially motivated violence against African Americans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_racism_in_Tennessee" title="Category:History of racism in Tennessee">History of racism in Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration_controversies" title="Category:Lyndon B. Johnson administration controversies">Lyndon B. Johnson administration controversies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism" title="Category:Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism">Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2018" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2018">Use mdy dates from April 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_embedded_infobox_templates_with_the_title_parameter" title="Category:Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter">Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 03:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-7bj9h","wgBackendResponseTime":221,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.418","walltime":"1.673","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11064,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":409600,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":20495,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":342689,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1345.768 1 -total"," 34.13% 459.300 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.04% 229.315 31 Template:Cite_news"," 11.29% 151.940 21 Template:Sfn"," 9.30% 125.153 2 Template:Infobox"," 8.95% 120.386 1 Template:Infobox_civilian_attack"," 7.64% 102.870 27 Template:Cite_web"," 6.92% 93.184 8 Template:Fix"," 6.87% 92.473 2 Template:Civil_navigation"," 5.92% 79.676 1 Template:CRM_in_Tennessee"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.814","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13662162,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllan_M._Jalon2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAyton2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernsteain1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoomhower2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorrell1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBranch2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanedy2002\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCatalyst2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglass2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffyLeeman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDyson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarmer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelton2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodmanGonzalez2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGribben\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJerome1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2006a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKotz2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevine2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLokos1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewfield1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPepper2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPepper2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerlstein2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolk2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurnick1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSack1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSackYellin1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchumach1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahidullah2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrauss2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Congress2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Gelder1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYellin1999\"] = 2,\n [\"Civil_case_against_Jowers\"] = 1,\n [\"Loyd_Jowers_and_conspiracy\"] = 1,\n [\"Ray_as_scapegoat\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Anchor\"] = 3,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 6,\n [\"CRM in Tennessee\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 31,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 27,\n [\"Civil rights movement\"] = 1,\n [\"Cn\"] = 6,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:King, Martin Luther Jr.\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox civilian attack\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox event\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Martin Luther King\"] = 1,\n [\"Martin Luther King Jr. sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 21,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 12,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-wsqn2","timestamp":"20241125133635","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q757963","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q757963","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-01-14T16:56:53Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T03:18:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a2\/Lorraine_Motel%2C_Memphis%2C_TN%2C_US.jpg","headline":"1968 murder of Martin Luther King Jr."}</script> </body> </html>