CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136ee6d4c728209',cH: 'y5w0mrQB5XbIe3Zn86EomMfeEEeDLq2.Ny_qECidsF0-1739807408-1.2.1.1-WGenBi5Uqyiee6Ea6rAVNNRIHbUrNKIJVHLj.FX5Oql0HaIx2ZlmQwaYerun6UC_',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=socially%20disadvantaged%20students&page=9&__cf_chl_tk=ZDyWzfreKLayTGUOHu.CEdp76miY2a7r2kvkURCyL_g-1739807408-1.0.1.1-3Sa1DwOM1l0x1dmB9YM2PiaJEKDXy25X3X8IsOjjhP4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739807408',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=socially%20disadvantaged%20students&page=9&__cf_chl_f_tk=ZDyWzfreKLayTGUOHu.CEdp76miY2a7r2kvkURCyL_g-1739807408-1.0.1.1-3Sa1DwOM1l0x1dmB9YM2PiaJEKDXy25X3X8IsOjjhP4",md: "UVqHvUTQyg1qcxpXQ7hqMnE8yMG1aMvma6D7nOvgj8U-1739807408-1.2.1.1-eo_QcVChAMy.nJJgBp_7OKw1uHbTr1XQHQplPBPpXas8TJMGv.wcIzI585zTQyOiCFBd_8q7SLmNYsOGBNk89Q3PMXPgEHjnNUMKyjcKhctZVorSKZfQ0lWWzih6IyQ89dfbwxhP3XHpLJupY.cmjftuIVzXd7fczRrYrOVIf0Mq_Y4ccAmxBIE.nzC1hHEUXJuFKm3XJhy2gOj09L2aUIuj5k65v2ktZ8bLGiYzYGNH1xGip2qGENZzgnRTXE2fKVB0fx8TUvM_nxV1d2alOw6qFNdt8xt2gDBLBnAkOwU0kSqpBFld9IhEO._Y4DMpIWPTuEb412oR80pJXW7vtHlafgabGeFRalqcShUuDvkLPh4OitqvErVvWJaHdzMUwAkOPsiw0tTBb1Sg4kSgsD9hPXCqneR4kd5BZGUoUwPvp.G25Tm3.3i1TnfwiiQrAw3t44fa1ItdkP5tgx9JJMWD5cNm8aOkkz76wfMjnyyqZWKijcJ8mVqO_Y4TG1ufgN5du53LA6P.FxzrezrgiX67a9bMMUPmC2VP1DEFx76Z7cbQKy_uncbAefEM9rmGTi9gzCzVVRIHabGZTJ7jWvBR4RuG3.EK6K_Dq4r4tj2hrRzAFwP9iZ7IzwT2T5ifXmznyk6.f6fpprz1fdlFldcZFAWVcyAbrNX7zf13BVDNV5t_qFpyIfcHqu27FNKp1fbuiQ6iV8PowZg1jg7GwAocKeQ_o6TP.VDRuxmtYFlwOFGymdzKf_kbdnzXGRJiNp06yDFEhBUubqsxnQ7KKEGQtPZJZE7sllZOitE27AcdQgd.xhBhM81JWRXYrUxxnel86jKVpm6VJkjL86ZShU9K9pYvcgHkeHNHIjPkiAES4ecRmwiOyD3SD8POL.7.h2Y_NusoYHyuCGHg5eFOjmOhUM9wEJ7tvb_chRzos_aVvDIATaYauHBM5ynbp0UKBjxoPhzoxEOFYr2F0P6TpCZFOQ3yzesm7mN9nN_bD85A9ZnsMUBUMUDlJJPMAehD35r9ISnBYnk8rrVGuGgLcZ702Vtd1MlyD8JKTqSJrz94jXv.4RFhgirIi4yHKLfbElZj88Y9rKDBoPcPeqZKM5rzfSV0p42Tf5ePYeCVJDcE5vJF2jSAk27XcquXJkMwcqEA.plh0XogtcD4VnYqZEhGA6Xo4zzIduDyJVGxE195CK1XZHSLzDJ1Bm246EVSU9sY0Sbxp66zb0Lv72xr3Mpgiw67H3wsezrvDSVuuacswben9Mft7fwxBcBtT4XYZ4Vqgttzf9vPrMIRRE2U5BkOTnD.Om.cJ5PLDgrZy.qIlVVbRRsPQ5cP9B.A6cIHE0hWD6qQJyFmCvk03Ri8UiPc.8gin3QviJ4WVWj4z_ZJORHea8uQf_KLrI2YPCLtXO5inxHrBHyb8_pwwcIE6FFDWixvFPehz1Rdl09OhmVBahWoXojfcPU50H00AYj8o8SiDJCyKIcPO4gmFtyQRxjFd0_iUOnslqynEbYeTsjJkQp_qHeLDEZMb2A.dRJ1YhYWwcBlSjt.upPSHtrIiqXrwa0JfB0ZL622oZzlcGN.SAg97vR.tdme6E88Ziu7oVbEgShuPL4DPSudlIycCfFc94bGvDEveEkhP32PafTbRSj3Ci4bgHVtWR6pSHYaLXHKdZcC59yf85EBPc7Rs8rZPM3tI9ygxT1ZLx0GplxbeceLvAwJ3TCN3o2o1drlssB5A4BfHRzXL3nqYTLU7xb1MyFZB3_LZ26ZKsyngThOiQv2ISa8yDDFN4qjLnPyJeJEtkqwWDcLid12VINByjyMzPpXTIvqQpgEzd_sYHCJ1ibX8sMjBbdjMghEYne5nDFDu3RT0r2aoYBTEUrpG.GLaEdVMn6WXFRkuNtZ6FlKGkk5JQ.d5ogWsKgUtG91KHyHEdfJVzyMTj4mumnEVkix8uUXcbQkfHBc91rhNgRFi5ZK62ABina91VlWLsALskls9fpI8jcz6J4liPeYFDB8pR5.J4GX3NlCqAJn94o",mdrd: "CfwTpFGlKwPwP1FnVn4snA0eNRvldDt9H8ATol17Tm8-1739807408-1.2.1.1-D_OgIQCrSzCgrTUu95VWxOiy5TIad3XDAQ9VcOYacaWFrTWDZk5RGBM2NzgPyTJira5.MTUXDShNXIhNWMH7paBYXqyRFI1_Ly5giXUChUJVlmvtXG55jycxGLUCqXPNOkWPQxRBQqPwMBHaGpND2o0g1qj6dtQxXKvnVnPPM.NyjjQ9QjCqyGpF73Cp1I6K4ZixH8OqKXEwvyNUhXXcRkK8lEN95_MAiCji8DaphoNV3l1UaMXCXO7pIt43KGK2dcyW9QNhz6Vz2A66MBGV.TpOveTZuEVfYl71Y4rgwABqzNACdg3VD9k1YNsp3uVo8mAN23wTm6_Oy8W1k8yENdvfTGZjFUAtnaXuixAl.Zi1eYrJt8gRaMZeAaDs02Ssyp9SKblBjHox6.S_A9l7MLaut7zjlBnlBRuP53SfSHpGEI8LuKL9H5uyMhGY5GBdsrD0ABqdg8ZxToF3JiHe4U7z064nFUWMnYv874r5oX4G76EB.VUd9dHocyTl1EewAq2bE2i9lTAnv5.mk4R0AfpzKD7OK87KRslj.7xWhJyzxUN6u0ViOGbzxO.beBm3ZC9mwYN2cnHzibo9UCwpKzJ3crSgeayjedj.43zq0qEmmLfCafQGuMSWKR8s3jDEtHQF_g2etWVH2LXGjBbn1FvYP6gFxG1MH5agTpDX1OiHA2J_HjGLl5DbQ4toumCxoI7gH32BNJbuv7qSVKhkw.DzZZB8ISOMBPzPqACZR.ZPrUO86cE_p9fjx3ysZK2vxdkk2LaD5YqbNY68vrDp5M4ecXylHkcb21P09ZkT_9WUFyiMKKo6TKDrL2TnkfVEZiQhsQc9UU32slJ2qrgqaSShau6jDHTPpJY7qGRBgXa12JybbVE37b5SpV8u9cn13ij5.aBNJiQGH2THWwMlSmdWhOpdZLMtC7Cloc_VO76M.tHnvjXUrRNEFBf1mE7EJm47CCmcAlMew4.QudjZIDPYtQ2OQ4ejNewiI1_3pPg_g79asArwt_arlhu7soNty5lnLJFR1z8dK.GFMgR1ld3QJl8oAhaT8vJ2.IyqIJyhi3mQlrqxk51gzsrzdj0hTRQEXKMYsV61oGQrdCI6idb6MnDjjtT9iIaN0_.HmAI07pO1oD9NpdawojipX.nA4I7cdi3WpxLaKz27MLniCmOi2gC31hWTr2fQqsUzHq5KjNmu5W.Hwudx4kcRaKXda5DeWKbankcH.YdjRJPfqRWrKTJsyh3vkIDrVJtkPan68hedgFJCb9g_X55yPLnuoGwnmS7T1.XEMc54a5OjTDmERln65_VZ.Q1bdU6Pgq.NrgQlZQANX6Z75QMJXO5IxmBBMlpV7suwHwyt95K7IpDgX6xaBNFeVBGJnUcPPSiyAfIlXPz_6VcelgvTmquFcY8xl5b5ZBnQAEewV8.yNP.6gnUnAOonzzQWYWIqTic2ydORIr1gHNa60C0Rmh6fCVP4lspjUXAsLBd8bvXQXK27EpAbuQk9fEWyCcLIpQEJGNOm4TU0HOQPPFPCNBrZ1lIxVl74qLYc1oOtbVS1iN.nD3uHc6HmQuqhhy02GdnbEbxq3wecWPiGqqK_tItiMyZn6QcZwmwpSU9SEXpHJ1dtbjkYGXiVo7x9nFx4fvNmA9RwJYXDDVtafnn7yzZ8gIi717nE_QLK63FssQ5.ItjqOqOrBpH7d5wrluuwWc4r7Atz6eqVAyy4Qlbv_d7r4W3xoJ3N3JXV_Q2joFVN4whsFCCWSFdEWD1o.nPXwCLM4xJbUHo335q5PyDRxVlM.20nzwu9LMvP7bqXbJ_f5atv17Nysg9mjqQ.0yL5poxwj5s1mj_QyMMOYrZmarKaIGipKpPNVU8ZaWa65sL_n97OVLXw5DS.A3ed5Z.RUitqfLykurArwxXJJVNl2Q_SVL7NKa3p5s.z.Spg.S0N2boZsiXcTibPcsDv_513tN4j3r2sfvBG8I9KCW25PSnA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136ee6d4c728209';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=socially%20disadvantaged%20students&page=9&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZDyWzfreKLayTGUOHu.CEdp76miY2a7r2kvkURCyL_g-1739807408-1.0.1.1-3Sa1DwOM1l0x1dmB9YM2PiaJEKDXy25X3X8IsOjjhP4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>