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In living organisms, primers are short strands of RNA. A primer must be synthesized by an enzyme called primase, which is a type of RNA polymerase, before DNA replication can occur. The synthesis of a primer is necessary because the enzymes that synthesize DNA, which are called DNA polymerases, can only attach new DNA nucleotides to an existing strand of nucleotides. The primer therefore serves to prime and lay a foundation for DNA synthesis. The primers are removed before DNA replication is complete, and the gaps in the sequence are filled in with DNA by DNA polymerases. In the laboratory, scientists can design and synthesize DNA primers with specific sequences that bind to sequences in a single-stranded DNA molecule. These DNA primers are commonly used to perform the polymerase chain reaction to copy pieces of DNA or for DNA sequencing.</div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="articleFurtherReadingList"> <hr class="courseHR"/> <p class="bigH1">Further Exploration</p> <div id=""> <p class="nomargin px16 marginbot5px">Concept Links for further exploration</p> <div class="px16"> <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/nucleic-acid-274">nucleic acid</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/dna-107">DNA</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/rna-45">RNA</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/primase-306">primase</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/rna-polymerase-106">RNA polymerase</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/dna-polymerase-1">DNA polymerase</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/polymerase-chain-reaction-110">polymerase chain reaction</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/replication-33">replication</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/primase-306">primase</a> | <a class="inlineLinks px16 normalFontWeight" href="/scitable/definition/dna-sequencing-205">DNA sequencing</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="roundBoxBot"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <input type="hidden" id="fullSizeImagePath" name="fullSizeImagePath" /> <input type="hidden" id="imageCaptionId" name="imageCaptionId" /> <input type="hidden" id="imageLegendId" name="imageLegendId" /> <input type="hidden" id="imageCopyRightId" name="imageCopyRightId" /> <input type="hidden" id="imageCopyRightUrlId" name="imageCopyRightUrlId" /> <input type="hidden" 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If you are not a member of Scitable, registration is free and easy. As a registered user you can have access to all content in Scitable, interact directly with community members, create a personal locker, start and join groups and discussions, and more"; var signINReqMsgNonLoggedINToolTip = "You have to be logged in to use this feature."; var collapseLabelPage = "View Fewer"; </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> var isTopicLandingPageFllg = ''; var topicID = ''; var invToJoinGrpGrpID = ""; var currentPagerItem = 1; </script> <script data-cc-script="C04" data-src="/scitable/nated/natedjs/paginationUtil.js?1098" type="text/javascript"></script> <script data-cc-script="C04" data-src="/scitable/nated/natedjs/articleCommon.js?1098" type="text/javascript"></script> <script data-cc-script="C04" data-src="/scitable/nated/natedjs/swfobject.js?1098" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> var ontologyPK = "305"; var browserIs = "OTH"; var contentPK = "NA"; var cleanUrlContextPath = "/scitable"; var cleanBaseURL = '/scitable'; function ontologyPageLoader(){ $(document).ready(function(){ searchPageNav = 'showSearchPageOntology'; refreshVideos(); loadUserProfileWidgets(); tabInit(); //loadOntologyNodeRelatedContentsData(ontologyPK); loadMiniVBScreen(); }); } function detach(clickedContentPKInner){ //var url= parent.baseURL + 'browse?action=displayVisualBrowse&topicPK=' + topicPK + '&detach=true&contentPK=' + contentPKInner + '&type=' + clickedNodeTypeInner + '&urlString=' + escape(urlString) + '&rootPk=' + rootPk + '&rootType=' + rootType + '&groupInfo=true&groupUrlString='+escape(groupUrlString); var url= baseURL + 'browse?action=displayVisualBrowse&detach=true&contentPK=' + ontologyPK + '&type=ontology'; //alert(url); detachOntologyScreenVB(url); } function detachOntologyScreenVB(url) { var detachedWindow; //alert("Here :" +url); if(browserIs!= "IE"){ var browser = navigator.userAgent; if(browser.indexOf("Safari")>-1){ window.open(url, "VisualBrowse", "height=630, width=780, address=no, status=no, scrollbars=no, resizable=1"); } else{ window.open(url, "VisualBrowse", "height=610, width=770, resizable=1, address=no, status=no"); } } else{ window.open(url, "VisualBrowse", "height=610, width=760, resizable=0, address=no, status=no"); } } function loadUserProfileWidgets(){ widgetList = new Array(); widgetList.push("loadOnlineUsers"); widgetList.push("loadNumMessages"); loadPageWidgets(widgetList); } function loadOntologyNodeRelatedContentsData(ontologyNodePK){ url = baseURL + 'upload?action=viewOntologyContent&newSearch=true&pager_userSearchName=ontologyContent&pager_servlet=upload&ontologyNodePK=' + ontologyNodePK; AjaxUtil.request(url, { onComplete: function(xmlHttpReq) { var msg = xmlHttpReq.responseText; if(msg == 'false') { // alert('Msg is false.'); // document.getElementById('ontologyRelatedContentLabel').className = "hide"; document.getElementById('ontologyContent').className = "hide"; } else { // alert('We have data...'); // document.getElementById('ontologyRelatedContentLabel').className = "dispblock"; document.getElementById('ontologyContent').className = "dispblock"; document.getElementById('ontologyContent').innerHTML = msg; } } }); } function showSearchPageOntology(msg,formID){ if(msg!=null) document.getElementById('ontologyContent').innerHTML = msg; } function showHideOntologyFromSearch(toggleKey){ url = baseURL + 'upload?action=updateOntologySearchFlag&ajaxFlag=true&ontologyNodePK=' + ontologyPK + '&toggleKey=' + toggleKey; AjaxUtil.request(url, { onComplete: function(xmlHttpReq) { var msg = xmlHttpReq.responseText; if(msg == 'true'){ if(toggleKey == 'Y'){ document.getElementById('ontologyToggleSpanHdr').innerHTML = "<a onClick='showHideOntologyFromSearch(\"N\");return false;' class='inlineLinks' href='#'>Hide</a>"; } else { document.getElementById('ontologyToggleSpanHdr').innerHTML = "<a onClick='showHideOntologyFromSearch(\"Y\");return false;' class='inlineLinks' href='#'>Searchable</a>"; } } else { show_inform("Ontology Page", "Error occurs."); } } }); } </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); (function (s) { s.src = gaJsHost + 'google-analytics.com/ga.js'; s.type = 'text/javascript'; document.head.appendChild(s); })(document.createElement('script')); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-12063924-2"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {}</script> </div> </body> </html>