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id="toc-Specialty_journal_commissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volume_renumbering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volume_renumbering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Volume renumbering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volume_renumbering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editorial_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editorial_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Editorial controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Editorial_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Editorial controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Editorial_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tobacco_ban_proposal_(2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tobacco_ban_proposal_(2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tobacco ban proposal (2003)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tobacco_ban_proposal_(2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_letter_for_the_people_of_Gaza_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_letter_for_the_people_of_Gaza_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Open letter for the people of Gaza (2014)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_letter_for_the_people_of_Gaza_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2020_letter_dismissing_lab-leak_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2020_letter_dismissing_lab-leak_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>February 2020 letter dismissing lab-leak theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2020_letter_dismissing_lab-leak_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Bodies_with_vaginas"_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Bodies_with_vaginas"_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>"Bodies with vaginas" controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Bodies_with_vaginas"_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"More_than_186,000_dead_in_Gaza"_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"More_than_186,000_dead_in_Gaza"_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>"More than 186,000 dead in Gaza" controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"More_than_186,000_dead_in_Gaza"_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Scientific controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scientific_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scientific controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scientific_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Andrew_Wakefield_and_the_MMR_vaccine_(1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andrew_Wakefield_and_the_MMR_vaccine_(1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Andrew Wakefield and the MMR vaccine (1998)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andrew_Wakefield_and_the_MMR_vaccine_(1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq_War_death_toll_estimates_(2004–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_War_death_toll_estimates_(2004–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Iraq War death toll estimates (2004–2006)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq_War_death_toll_estimates_(2004–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PACE_study_(2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PACE_study_(2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>PACE study (2011)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PACE_study_(2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metastudy_on_the_use_of_hydroxychloroquine_and_chloroquine_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metastudy_on_the_use_of_hydroxychloroquine_and_chloroquine_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Metastudy on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metastudy_on_the_use_of_hydroxychloroquine_and_chloroquine_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Covid_Commission_head_pushed_US_lab_origin_conspiracy_theory_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Covid_Commission_head_pushed_US_lab_origin_conspiracy_theory_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Covid Commission head pushed US lab origin conspiracy theory (2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Covid_Commission_head_pushed_US_lab_origin_conspiracy_theory_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tissue-engineered_trachea_transplant_(2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tissue-engineered_trachea_transplant_(2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Tissue-engineered trachea transplant (2023)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tissue-engineered_trachea_transplant_(2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_editors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>List of editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Lancet</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ذا لانسيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذا لانسيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="لنست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لنست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%80%EC%85%8B" title="란셋 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="란셋" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98" title="לאנסט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאנסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="द लॅन्सेट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द लॅन्सेट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="مجلة ذا لانسيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجلة ذا لانسيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ランセット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ランセット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="The Lancet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="லேன்செட் – 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the journal. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lancet_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lancet (disambiguation)">Lancet</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academic journal</div><div class="infobox-journal-search" style="display:none;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><i><span class="fn">The Lancet</span></i><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.stitle=Lancet&rft.coden=LANCAO&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft.eissn=1474-547X&rft_id=info:lccn/sf82002015&rft_id=info:oclcnum/01755507&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2F"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lancet_cover,_2_March_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/The_Lancet_cover%2C_2_March_2019.jpg/200px-The_Lancet_cover%2C_2_March_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/38/The_Lancet_cover%2C_2_March_2019.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="366" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of Volume 393, 2 March 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">Edited</a> by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor)" title="Richard Horton (editor)">Richard Horton</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Publication details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">1823–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> (United Kingdom)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature#Frequency" title="Periodical literature">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">Weekly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Delayed_open-access_journal" title="Delayed open-access journal">Delayed</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">98.4 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Standard abbreviations<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=The_Lancet">ISO 4</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals/Bluebook_journals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Bluebook journals">Bluebook</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/">alt</a>)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=0140-6736%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=The+Lancet%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf">MathSciNet</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/search/journals.html?journalName=0140-6736&Submit=Search">alt</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Paid subscription required"><img alt="Paid subscription required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="947" /></span></span>)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">ISO 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;"><i>Lancet</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Indexing<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=0140-6736">CODEN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=1474-547X">alt</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=titles&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=The+Lancet">alt2</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/journals/01406736">JSTOR</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=0140-6736&argType1=all&searchCode1=KNUM&searchType=2">LCCN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=codens&exactMatch=y&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=LANCAO">LANCAO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span class="value"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0140-6736">0140-6736</a></span> (print)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1474-547X">1474-547X</a> (web)<br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/sf82002015">sf82002015</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> no.</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/01755507">01755507</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Links</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/">Journal homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current">Online access</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.elsevier.com/the-lancet/">Webpage at publisher's site</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Lancet</b></i> is a weekly <a href="/wiki/Peer-reviewed" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-reviewed">peer-reviewed</a> <a href="/wiki/General_medical_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="General medical journal">general medical journal</a> and one of the oldest of its kind. It is also one of the world's highest-impact academic journals.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded in England in 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-About_the_Lancet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_the_Lancet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The journal publishes <a href="/wiki/Original_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Original research">original research</a> articles, <a href="/wiki/Review_article" title="Review article">review articles</a> ("seminars" and "reviews"), <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">book reviews</a>, correspondence, as well as news features and <a href="/wiki/Case_report" title="Case report">case reports</a>. <i>The Lancet</i> has been owned by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> since 1991, and its <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> since 1995 has been <a href="/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor)" title="Richard Horton (editor)">Richard Horton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journal has editorial offices in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Lancet</i> was founded in 1823 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wakley" title="Thomas Wakley">Thomas Wakley</a>, an English <a href="/wiki/Surgeon" title="Surgeon">surgeon</a> who named it after the surgical instrument called a <a href="/wiki/Scalpel" title="Scalpel">lancet</a> (scalpel).<sup id="cite_ref-About_the_Lancet_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_the_Lancet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to BBC, the journal was initially considered to be radical following its founding.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the Wakley family retained editorship of the journal until 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, <i>The Lancet</i> was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> acquired <i>The Lancet</i> from Hodder & Stoughton in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports">Journal Citation Reports</a></i>, the journal has a 2023 <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a> of 98.4, ranking it first above <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a></i> in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".<sup id="cite_ref-WoS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/BMJ_Open" title="BMJ Open">BMJ Open</a></i>, <i>The Lancet</i> is more frequently cited in general newspapers around the world than <i><a href="/wiki/The_BMJ" title="The BMJ">The BMJ</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">NEJM</a> and <a href="/wiki/JAMA" title="JAMA">JAMA</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialty_journals">Specialty journals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specialty journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Lancet</i> also publishes several <a href="/wiki/Specialty_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialty (medicine)">specialty</a> journals: <i>The Lancet Neurology</i> (<a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurology</a>), <i>The Lancet Oncology</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a>), <i>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</i> (<a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious diseases</a>), <i>The Lancet Respiratory Medicine</i> (<a href="/wiki/Respiratory_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory medicine">respiratory medicine</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet_Psychiatry" title="The Lancet Psychiatry">The Lancet Psychiatry</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a>), <i>The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology</i> (<a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a>), and <i>The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">gastroenterology</a>) all of which publish original research and reviews. In 2013, <i>The Lancet Global Health</i> (<a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">global health</a>) became the group's first fully <a href="/wiki/Open_access_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access journal">open access journal</a>. In 2014, <i>The Lancet Haematology</i> (<a href="/wiki/Haematology" class="mw-redirect" title="Haematology">haematology</a>) and <i>The Lancet HIV</i> (<a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diseases">infectious diseases</a>) were launched, both as online only research titles. <i>The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">paediatrics</a>) launched in 2017. The three established speciality journals (<i>The Lancet Neurology</i>, <i>The Lancet Oncology</i>, and <i>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</i>) have built up strong reputations in their medical speciality. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports">Journal Citation Reports</a></i>, <i>The Lancet Oncology</i> has a 2021 <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a> of 54.433, <i>The Lancet Neurology</i> has 59.935, and <i>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</i> has 71.421.<sup id="cite_ref-WoS_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an online website for students entitled <i>The Lancet Student</i> in blog format, launched in 2007. </p><p>Since July 2018, <i>The Lancet</i> has also published two <a href="/wiki/Open_access_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access journals">open access journals</a> as part of <i>The Lancet Discovery Science</i>, dedicated to essential early evidence: <i><a href="/wiki/EBioMedicine" title="EBioMedicine">eBioMedicine</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Translational_research" title="Translational research">translational research</a>), a journal initially launched in 2014 by parent publisher Elsevier, since 2015 supported by <a href="/wiki/Cell_Press" title="Cell Press">Cell Press</a> and <i>The Lancet</i>, and eventually (July 2018) incorporated in <i>The Lancet family journals</i> together with its newly incepted sister journal <i>eClinicalMedicine</i> (<a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">clinical research</a> and public health research). In May 2019, <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet_Digital_Health" title="The Lancet Digital Health">The Lancet Digital Health</a> published its first issue.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialty_journal_commissions">Specialty journal commissions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specialty journal commissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occasionally, the editors of the specialty journals will feel it incumbent upon themselves to name commissions about a certain particular issue of concern to a wide sub-audience of their readers. One example of this type of commission is the <i>Lancet Infectious Diseases</i> Commission on "Preparedness for emerging epidemic threats", which reported on its mandate in January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-lee20_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee20-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volume_renumbering">Volume renumbering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Volume renumbering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 1990, <i>The Lancet</i> had volume numbering that reset every year. Issues in January to June were in volume <i>i</i>, with the rest in volume <i>ii</i>. In 1990, the journal moved to a sequential volume numbering scheme, with two volumes per year. Volumes were retro-actively assigned to the years prior to 1990, with the first issue of 1990 being assigned volume 335, and the last issue of 1989 assigned volume 334. The table of contents listing on <a href="/wiki/ScienceDirect" title="ScienceDirect">ScienceDirect</a> uses this new numbering scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editorial_controversies">Editorial controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Editorial controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Lancet</i> includes editorial content and letters in addition to scientific papers, which have at times been controversial. For example, it called for a ban on tobacco in the United Kingdom in 2003, expressed support for Gaza during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Israel-Gaza conflict</a>, and issued an apology for sexist language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tobacco_ban_proposal_(2003)"><span id="Tobacco_ban_proposal_.282003.29"></span>Tobacco ban proposal (2003)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tobacco ban proposal (2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A December 2003 editorial by the journal, titled "How do you sleep at night, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Mr Blair</a>?", called for <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">tobacco use</a> to be <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban" title="Smoking ban">completely banned</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferriman2003_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferriman2003-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal College of Physicians">Royal College of Physicians</a> rejected their argument. John Britton, chairman of the college's tobacco advisory group, praised the journal for discussing the health problem, but he concluded that a "ban on tobacco would be a nightmare." Amanda Sandford, spokesperson for the anti-tobacco group <a href="/wiki/Action_on_Smoking_and_Health" title="Action on Smoking and Health">Action on Smoking and Health</a>, stated that criminalising a behaviour 26% of the population commit "is ludicrous." She also said: "We can't turn the clock back. If tobacco were banned we would have 13 million people desperately craving a drug that they would not be able to get." The deputy editor of <i>The Lancet</i> responded to the criticism by arguing that no other measures besides a total ban would likely be able to reduce tobacco use.<sup id="cite_ref-Laurance2003_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laurance2003-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The smokers' rights group <a href="/wiki/FOREST" title="FOREST">FOREST</a> stated that the editorial gave them "amusement and disbelief". Director Simon Clark called the journal "<a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a>" and argued that it is hypocritical to ban tobacco while allowing unhealthy <a href="/wiki/Junk_food" title="Junk food">junk foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol consumption">alcohol consumption</a>, and participation in <a href="/wiki/Extreme_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme sports">extreme sports</a>. Health Secretary <a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">John Reid</a> reiterated that his government was committed to helping people give up smoking. He added: "Despite the fact that this is a serious problem, it is a little bit extreme for us in Britain to start locking people up because they have an ounce of tobacco somewhere."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_letter_for_the_people_of_Gaza_(2014)"><span id="Open_letter_for_the_people_of_Gaza_.282014.29"></span>Open letter for the people of Gaza (2014)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Open letter for the people of Gaza (2014)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2014 and during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a>, <i>The Lancet</i> published an "Open letter for the people of <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>" in their correspondence section.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principal author of the letter was Paola Manduca, Professor of Genetics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Genoa" title="University of Genoa">University of Genoa</a> in Italy. As reported in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, the letter "condemned <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in the strongest possible terms, but strikingly made no mention of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>' atrocities."<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>, the authors of the letter include doctors who "are apparently sympathetic to the views of <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, a white supremacist and former <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Wizard" title="Grand Wizard">Grand Wizard</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz220914_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz220914-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the doctors responded by saying that the letter was a legitimate exercise in freedom of expression, while a second one stated that he had no knowledge about David Duke or the Ku Klux Klan.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The editor of <i>The Lancet</i>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor)" title="Richard Horton (editor)">Richard Horton</a>, said: "I have no plans to retract the letter, and I would not retract the letter even if it was found to be substantiated."<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz220914_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz220914-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Horton subsequently came to Israel's <a href="/wiki/Rambam_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambam Hospital">Rambam Hospital</a> for a visit and said that he "deeply, deeply regret[ted] the completely unnecessary polarization that publication of the letter by Dr Paola Manduca caused."<sup id="cite_ref-Lazareva_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lazareva-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz031014_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz031014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pepys" title="Mark Pepys">Mark Pepys</a>, a member of the Jewish Medical Association, criticised the letter as being a "partisan political diatribe" which was inappropriate for a serious publication. In addition, Pepys accused <a href="/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor)" title="Richard Horton (editor)">Richard Horton</a> personally for allowing the publication of such political views.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2020_letter_dismissing_lab-leak_theory">February 2020 letter dismissing lab-leak theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: February 2020 letter dismissing lab-leak theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lancet_letter_(COVID-19)" title="Lancet letter (COVID-19)">Lancet letter (COVID-19)</a></div> <p>On 19 February 2020, <i>The Lancet</i> published a letter signed by 27 scientists that stated: "We stand together to strongly condemn conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin [...] [Scientists] overwhelmingly conclude that this coronavirus originated in wildlife," adding: "Conspiracy theories do nothing but create fear, rumours, and prejudice that jeopardise our global collaboration in the fight against this virus." The letter has been criticized for having a chilling effect on scientific research and the scientific community by implying that scientists who "bring up the lab-leak theory... are doing the work of conspiracy theorists";<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Eban_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Eban-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lexi_Lonas_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexi_Lonas-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the statement was deemed to have "effectively ended the debate over COVID-19's origins before it began".<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Eban_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Eban-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further criticism of the letter was focused on the fact that, according to emails obtained through the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a>, members involved in producing the letter concealed their involvement "to creat[e] the impression of scientific unanimity" and failed to disclose conflicts of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Eban_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Eban-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After having published letters supporting only the <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19#Origin_scenarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">natural origins theory</a>, <i>The Lancet</i> published a letter in September 2021 from a group of 16 virologists, biologists and biosecurity specialists saying that "Research-related hypotheses are not misinformation or conjecture" and that "Scientific journals should open their columns to in-depth analyses of all hypotheses."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i> described <i>The Lancet</i>'s decision to publish the letter as a "u-turn".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June of 2024, <i>The Lancet</i> wrote an op-ed stating that "SARS-CoV-2 is a natural virus that found its way into humans through mundane contact with infected wildlife" and that "doubling down on flawed assumptions in the face of growing evidence calls motivations into question."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Bodies_with_vaginas"_controversy"><span id=".22Bodies_with_vaginas.22_controversy"></span>"Bodies with vaginas" controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: "Bodies with vaginas" controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 25 September 2021 edition of <i>The Lancet</i> included a review of an exhibition about the history of menstruation at the <a href="/wiki/Vagina_Museum" title="Vagina Museum">Vagina Museum</a>. The journal's cover displayed a quotation from the review that referred to women as "bodies with vaginas". The quotation drew strong criticism on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> from medical professionals and <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminists</a> accusing <i>The Lancet</i> of <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a>, arguing that this language was "dehumanising" and an "unhelpful" attempt at inclusivity.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horton later issued an apology on the journal's website.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""More_than_186,000_dead_in_Gaza"_controversy"><span id=".22More_than_186.2C000_dead_in_Gaza.22_controversy"></span>"More than 186,000 dead in Gaza" controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: "More than 186,000 dead in Gaza" controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 5, 2024, <i>The Lancet</i> published in its Correspondence section a letter with an estimate of the number of direct and indirect deaths that may be caused in the coming months and years by the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>. Using other conflicts, where the number of indirect deaths was 3 to 15 times higher than the number of direct deaths, the authors estimated the total number of conflict-related deaths by multiplying the reported deaths by five, and argued that in the coming months and years "it is not implausible to estimate that up to 186,000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza".<sup id="cite_ref-KhatibMcKeeYusuf_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The estimate quickly gained traction in both international and regional media,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some of the outlets misrepresenting the 186,000 figure as the actual number of deaths, rather than long-term cumulative estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, three days after the publication, one of the letter's authors,<a href="/wiki/Martin_McKee" title="Martin McKee"> Prof. Martin McKee</a>, wrote that the letter “has been greatly misquoted and misinterpreted” and clarified that the 186,000 figure was “purely illustrative”.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The letter has been criticized by the experts, such as the Chair of "Every Casualty Counts" network <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spagat" title="Michael Spagat"> Prof. Michael Spagat</a>, who wrote that the estimate "lacks a solid foundation and is implausible".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_A._Singer" title="Peter A. Singer"> Prof. Peter A. Singer</a> , former Special Adviser to the Director-General of WHO, characterized letter's methods as "take one unreliable number and multiply by another unreliable number to get a bigger unreliable number”.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consequently, <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a> called <i>The Lancet</i> to "remove the letter from its website and, moving forward, exercise greater caution in selecting the claims it amplifies".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_controversies">Scientific controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Scientific controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andrew_Wakefield_and_the_MMR_vaccine_(1998)"><span id="Andrew_Wakefield_and_the_MMR_vaccine_.281998.29"></span>Andrew Wakefield and the MMR vaccine (1998)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Andrew Wakefield and the MMR vaccine (1998)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud" title="Lancet MMR autism fraud">Lancet MMR autism fraud</a></div> <p><i>The Lancet</i> was criticised after it published a paper in 1998 in which the authors suggested a <a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="MMR vaccine controversy">link</a> between the <a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine" title="MMR vaccine">MMR vaccine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autism_spectrum_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lyall2004_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyall2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2004, <i>The Lancet</i> published a statement by 10 of the paper's 13 coauthors repudiating the possibility that MMR could cause autism.<sup id="cite_ref-retraction_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retraction-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The editor-in-chief, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor)" title="Richard Horton (editor)">Richard Horton</a>, went on the record to say the paper had "fatal conflicts of interest" because the study's lead author, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a>, had a serious conflict of interest that he had not declared to <i>The Lancet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journal completely retracted the paper on 2 February 2010, after Wakefield was found to have acted unethically in conducting the research.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Lancet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s six editors, including the editor-in-chief, were also criticised in 2011 because they had "covered up" the "Wakefield concocted fear of MMR" with an "avalanche of denials" in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Deer_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deer-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq_War_death_toll_estimates_(2004–2006)"><span id="Iraq_War_death_toll_estimates_.282004.E2.80.932006.29"></span>Iraq War death toll estimates (2004–2006)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Iraq War death toll estimates (2004–2006)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lancet_surveys_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties">Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties</a></div> <p><i>The Lancet</i> also published an estimate of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>'s Iraqi death toll—around 100,000—in 2004. In 2006, a follow-up study by the same team suggested that the violent death rate in Iraq was not only consistent with the earlier estimate, but had increased considerably in the intervening period (see <a href="/wiki/Lancet_surveys_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties"><i>Lancet</i> surveys of casualties of the Iraq War</a>). The second survey estimated that there had been 654,965 excess Iraqi deaths as a consequence of the war. The 95% <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> was 392,979 to 942,636. 1,849 households that contained 12,801 people were surveyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Coghlan2006_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coghlan2006-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PACE_study_(2011)"><span id="PACE_study_.282011.29"></span>PACE study (2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: PACE study (2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, <i>The Lancet</i> published a study by the UK-based "PACE trial management group", which reported success with graded exercise therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for <a href="/wiki/Chronic_fatigue_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic fatigue syndrome">ME/CFS</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a follow-up study was published in <i>Lancet Psychiatry</i> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The studies attracted criticism from some patients and researchers, especially with regard to data analysis that was <a href="/wiki/Outcome_switching" title="Outcome switching">different from that described in the original protocol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SlateCFS_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SlateCFS-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i> article, biostatistician Bruce Levin of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> was quoted saying "The Lancet needs to stop <a href="/wiki/Circle_the_wagons" title="Circle the wagons">circling the wagons</a> and be open", and that "one of the tenets of good science is transparency"; while <a href="/wiki/Ronald_W._Davis" title="Ronald W. Davis">Ronald Davis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> said: "the Lancet should step up to the plate and pull that paper".<sup id="cite_ref-SlateCFS_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SlateCFS-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horton defended <i>The Lancet'</i>s publication of the trial and called the critics: "a fairly small, but highly organized, very vocal and very damaging group of individuals who have, I would say, actually hijacked this agenda and distorted the debate so that it actually harms the overwhelming majority of patients."<sup id="cite_ref-SlateCFS_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SlateCFS-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 2011, critics of the studies filed Freedom of Information Act requests to get access to the authors' primary data, in order to learn what the trial's results would have been under the original protocol. In 2016, some of the data was released, which allowed calculation of results based on the original protocol and found that additional treatment led to no significant improvement in recovery rates over the control group.<sup id="cite_ref-WilshireCFS_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WilshireCFS-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The results from the PACE trial have been used to promote <a href="/wiki/Graded_exercise_therapy" title="Graded exercise therapy">graded exercise therapy</a>; however, these recommendations are now viewed by most public health bodies as outdated and highly harmful to ME/CFS patients. <sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metastudy_on_the_use_of_hydroxychloroquine_and_chloroquine_(2020)"><span id="Metastudy_on_the_use_of_hydroxychloroquine_and_chloroquine_.282020.29"></span>Metastudy on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (2020)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Metastudy on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (2020)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2020, <i>The Lancet</i> published a <a href="/wiki/Metastudy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastudy">metastudy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mandeep_R._Mehra" title="Mandeep R. Mehra">Mandeep R. Mehra</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a> and Sapan S. Desai of Surgisphere Corporation, which concluded that the malaria drugs <a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">hydroxychloroquine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chloroquine" title="Chloroquine">chloroquine</a> did not improve the condition of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> patients, and may have harmed some of them.<sup id="cite_ref-thelancet.com_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelancet.com-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to concerns raised by members of the scientific community and the media about the veracity of the data and analyses,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Lancet</i> decided to launch an independent third party investigation of Surgisphere and the metastudy. Specifically, <i>The Lancet</i> editors wanted to "evaluate the origination of the database elements, to confirm the completeness of the database, and to replicate the analyses presented in the paper."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independent peer reviewers in charge of the investigation notified <i>The Lancet</i> that Surgisphere would not provide the requested data and documentation. The authors of the metastudy then asked <i>The Lancet</i> to retract the article, which was done on June 3, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-thelancet.com_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelancet.com-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a step to increase quality control, the editors of The Lancet Group announced changes to the editorial policy in a comment titled "Learning from a retraction" which was published on September 22, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Covid_Commission_head_pushed_US_lab_origin_conspiracy_theory_(2022)"><span id="Covid_Commission_head_pushed_US_lab_origin_conspiracy_theory_.282022.29"></span>Covid Commission head pushed US lab origin conspiracy theory (2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Covid Commission head pushed US lab origin conspiracy theory (2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2022, <i>The Lancet</i> published the report of their "Covid-19 Commission" which was headed by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</a>, an economist with no medical background, who has pushed the conspiracy theory that Covid came from a US "biotechnology" lab.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-telegraph.co.uk_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the report's release, Sachs appeared on the podcast of <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a>, who has previously spread vaccine conspiracy theories. On the podcast episode, Sachs claimed that "Government officials such as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> "are not being honest" about the virus's origins".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The published report included claims that "'independent researchers have not yet investigated' US labs, and said the National Institutes of Health has 'resisted disclosing details' of its work." </p><p>Virologist <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rasmussen" title="Angela Rasmussen">Angela Rasmussen</a> commented that this may have been "one of The Lancet's most shameful moments regarding its role as a steward and leader in communicating crucial findings about science and medicine".<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Robertson_(virologist)" title="David Robertson (virologist)">David Robertson</a> from the University of Glasgow's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasgow_Centre_for_Virus_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (page does not exist)">Centre for Virus Research</a> said that "It's really disappointing to see such a potentially influential report contributing to further misinformation on such an important topic" and "It's true we've details to understand on the side of natural origins, for example the exact intermediate species involved, but that doesn't mean there's… any basis to the wild speculation that US labs were involved".<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph.co.uk_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tissue-engineered_trachea_transplant_(2023)"><span id="Tissue-engineered_trachea_transplant_.282023.29"></span>Tissue-engineered trachea transplant (2023)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tissue-engineered trachea transplant (2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2023, The Lancet retracted two papers from 2008 and 2014 by surgeon <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Macchiarini" title="Paolo Macchiarini">Paolo Macchiarini</a>. These papers, which discussed the first tissue-engineered trachea transplant, were found to contain fabricated information following an investigation by the Swedish National Board for Assessment of Research Misconduct.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the 2023 retractions, in September 2015, The Lancet published an <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorial</a> titled, "Paolo Macchiarini is not guilty of scientific misconduct."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_editors">List of editors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: List of editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following persons have been <a href="/wiki/Editors-in-chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Editors-in-chief">editors-in-chief</a> of the journal: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>1823: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wakley" title="Thomas Wakley">Thomas Wakley</a></li> <li>1862: <a href="/wiki/James_G._Wakley" title="James G. Wakley">James Wakley</a></li> <li>1886: T. H. Wakley and Thomas Wakley (junior)</li> <li>1907: Thomas Wakley (junior)</li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Squire_Sprigge" title="Samuel Squire Sprigge">Samuel Squire Sprigge</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Coleby_Morland" title="Egbert Coleby Morland">Egbert Morland</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Fortescue_Fox" title="Theodore Fortescue Fox">Theodore Fox</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Douglas-Wilson" title="Ian Douglas-Wilson">Ian Douglas-Wilson</a></li> <li>1976: Ian Munro</li> <li>1988: Gordon Reeves</li> <li>1990: Robin Fox</li> <li>1995–present: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor)" title="Richard Horton (editor)">Richard Horton</a></li></ul></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lancetmed1823wakl_0007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volume 1, 1823"><img alt="Volume 1, 1823" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lancetmed1823wakl_0007.jpg/71px-Lancetmed1823wakl_0007.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lancetmed1823wakl_0007.jpg/107px-Lancetmed1823wakl_0007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lancetmed1823wakl_0007.jpg/143px-Lancetmed1823wakl_0007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Volume 1, 1823</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TheLancet1828.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Observations on Transfusions of Blood, June 1829 issue"><img alt="Observations on Transfusions of Blood, June 1829 issue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TheLancet1828.jpg/77px-TheLancet1828.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TheLancet1828.jpg/115px-TheLancet1828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TheLancet1828.jpg/153px-TheLancet1828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1094" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Observations on Transfusions of Blood</i>, June 1829 issue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lancet,_July_-_Dec_1870_Wellcome_L0048814.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miss Nightingale on Theories of Disease, October 1870"><img alt="Miss Nightingale on Theories of Disease, October 1870" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_Lancet%2C_July_-_Dec_1870_Wellcome_L0048814.jpg/89px-The_Lancet%2C_July_-_Dec_1870_Wellcome_L0048814.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_Lancet%2C_July_-_Dec_1870_Wellcome_L0048814.jpg/133px-The_Lancet%2C_July_-_Dec_1870_Wellcome_L0048814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_Lancet%2C_July_-_Dec_1870_Wellcome_L0048814.jpg/177px-The_Lancet%2C_July_-_Dec_1870_Wellcome_L0048814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="6623" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Miss Nightingale</a> on Theories of Disease</i>, October 1870</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lister,_On_the_antiseptic_principle...Lancet_Wellcome_L0000598.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery by Joseph Lister, September 1867"><img alt="On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery by Joseph Lister, September 1867" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lister%2C_On_the_antiseptic_principle...Lancet_Wellcome_L0000598.jpg/80px-Lister%2C_On_the_antiseptic_principle...Lancet_Wellcome_L0000598.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lister%2C_On_the_antiseptic_principle...Lancet_Wellcome_L0000598.jpg/121px-Lister%2C_On_the_antiseptic_principle...Lancet_Wellcome_L0000598.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lister%2C_On_the_antiseptic_principle...Lancet_Wellcome_L0000598.jpg/161px-Lister%2C_On_the_antiseptic_principle...Lancet_Wellcome_L0000598.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery</i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a>, September 1867</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Advertisement_for_A.B._Brand_insulin_(12309173486).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Advertisement for A.B. brand insulin, May 1923"><img alt="Advertisement for A.B. brand insulin, May 1923" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Advertisement_for_A.B._Brand_insulin_%2812309173486%29.jpg/83px-Advertisement_for_A.B._Brand_insulin_%2812309173486%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Advertisement_for_A.B._Brand_insulin_%2812309173486%29.jpg/125px-Advertisement_for_A.B._Brand_insulin_%2812309173486%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Advertisement_for_A.B._Brand_insulin_%2812309173486%29.jpg/166px-Advertisement_for_A.B._Brand_insulin_%2812309173486%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1443" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Advertisement for A.B. brand <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a>, May 1923</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_journals" title="List of medical journals">List of medical journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_healthcare_journals" title="List of healthcare journals">List of healthcare journals</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lancet&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populationmedia.org/2012/07/13/prestigious-medical-journal-the-lancet-issues-family-planning-series/">"Prestigious Medical Journal, The Lancet, Issues Family Planning Series"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Population_Media_Center" title="Population Media Center">Population Media Center</a>. 13 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503043113/http://www.populationmedia.org/2012/07/13/prestigious-medical-journal-the-lancet-issues-family-planning-series/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2014<span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>A Tweet sharing the front page has provoked a maelstrom of criticism, with academics cancelling their subscriptions and resigning as reviewers, doctors blasting the phrase as "dehumanising" and activists suggesting the term is "unhelpful" for broader debates about inclusivity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Lancet+receives+complaints+and+scientists+quit+over+%27sexist%27+cover+calling+women+%27bodies+with+vaginas%27&rft.date=2021-09-25&rft.aulast=Newey&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2021%2F09%2F25%2Flancet-receives-complaints-scientists-quit-sexist-cover-calling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lancet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2021" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Karl (28 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/why-people-are-up-in-arms-about-the-lancet-s-bodies-with-vaginas-cover-20210928-p58vdj.html">"Why people are up in arms about The Lancet's 'bodies with vaginas' cover"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516144040/https://www.smh.com.au/national/why-people-are-up-in-arms-about-the-lancet-s-bodies-with-vaginas-cover-20210928-p58vdj.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>Last year, the editor of The Lancet, a British medical journal, apologized for a cover that referred to "bodies with vaginas" rather than women.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Vanishing+Word+in+Abortion+Debate%3A+%27Women%27&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F06%2F08%2Fus%2Fwomen-gender-aclu-abortion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lancet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KhatibMcKeeYusuf_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhatibMcKeeSalim2024" class="citation journal cs1">Khatib, Rasha; McKee, Martin; Salim, Yusuf (5 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01169-3/fulltext">"Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential"</a>. <i>Lancet</i>. <b>404</b> (10449): 237–238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2824%2901169-3">10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01169-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38976995">38976995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Counting+the+dead+in+Gaza%3A+difficult+but+essential&rft.volume=404&rft.issue=10449&rft.pages=237-238&rft.date=2024-07-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2824%2901169-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38976995&rft.aulast=Khatib&rft.aufirst=Rasha&rft.au=McKee%2C+Martin&rft.au=Salim%2C+Yusuf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Fjournals%2Flancet%2Farticle%2FPIIS0140-6736%2824%2901169-3%2Ffulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lancet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalabi2024" class="citation news cs1">Chalabi, Mona (12 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/12/gaza-death-toll-indirect-casualties">"Why researchers fear the Gaza death toll could reach 186,000"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+researchers+fear+the+Gaza+death+toll+could+reach+186%2C000&rft.date=2024-07-12&rft.aulast=Chalabi&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjul%2F12%2Fgaza-death-toll-indirect-casualties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lancet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/top-stories/latest/gaza-death-toll-lancet-israel-hamas-war-rcna160902">"At least 186,000 deaths in Gaza could result from the Israel-Hamas war, researchers estimate"</a>. 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with Unsubstantiated Projected Gaza Death Toll"</a>. <i>American Jewish Committee</i>. 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Jewish+Committee&rft.atitle=AJC+Urges+Retraction+of+Lancet+Letter+with+Unsubstantiated+Projected+Gaza+Death+Toll&rft.date=2024-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.org%2Fnews%2Fajc-urges-retraction-of-lancet-letter-with-unsubstantiated-projected-gaza-death-toll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lancet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyall2004-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lyall2004_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyall_J2004" class="citation journal cs1">Lyall J (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC351866">"Editor in the eye of 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Editor+in+the+eye+of+a+storm&rft.volume=328&rft.issue=7438&rft.pages=528&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC351866%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15164721&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.328.7438.528&rft.au=Lyall+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC351866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lancet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-retraction-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-retraction_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurchAnthonyCassonMalik2004" class="citation journal cs1">Murch SH, Anthony A, Casson DH, Malik M, Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, Thomson MA, Valentine A, Davies SE, Walker-Smith JA (March 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Macchiarini%3A+Lancet+retracts+two+papers+on+first+tissue+engineered+trachea+transplant&rft.volume=383&rft.pages=2529&rft.date=2023-10-30&rft.issn=1756-1833&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A264590931%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37903510&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.p2529&rft.aulast=Mahase&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F383%2Fbmj.p2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lancet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Lancet2015" class="citation journal cs1">The Lancet (September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00118-X">"Paolo Macchiarini is not guilty of scientific misconduct"</a>. <i>The Lancet</i>. <b>386</b> (9997): 932. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2815%2900118-x">10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00118-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-6736">0140-6736</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26369448">26369448</a>.</cite><span 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