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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رموز كندا الوطنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رموز كندا الوطنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symboles_nationaux_du_Canada" title="Symboles nationaux du Canada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Symboles nationaux du Canada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կանադայի ազգային խորհրդանիշեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանադայի ազգային խորհրդանիշեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simboli_nazionali_del_Canada" title="Simboli nazionali del Canada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Simboli nazionali del Canada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbole_Kanady" title="Symbole Kanady – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Symbole Kanady" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolurile_na%C8%9Bionale_ale_Canadei" title="Simbolurile naționale ale Canadei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Simbolurile naționale ale Canadei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadan_kansallissymbolit" title="Kanadan kansallissymbolit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanadan kansallissymbolit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Національні символи Канади – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національні символи Канади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81" title="加拿大国家象征 – Chinese" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Canada" title="Category:Culture of Canada">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada"><img alt="Culture of Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/130px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/195px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/260px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression_in_Canada" title="Freedom of expression in Canada">Free expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_women" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Canadian women">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Values</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_comics" title="Canadian comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_comics" title="Quebec comics">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Canada" title="List of festivals in Canada">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_humour" title="Canadian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Law in Canada">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Canada" title="Media of Canada">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Canada" title="Television in Canada">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Canada" title="List of radio stations in Canada">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspapers_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers in Canada">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Canada" title="Internet in Canada">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Canada" title="Video games in Canada">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Canada" title="Theatre of Canada">Theatre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)">Research</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada#Culture" title="Bibliography of Canada">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_studies" title="Canadian studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Surveys</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Template:Culture of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Template talk:Culture of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></span><span class="mobile"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_(January_1965).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg/290px-Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg/435px-Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg/580px-Proclamation_of_the_National_Flag_of_Canada_%28January_1965%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>The royal proclamation of the national flag of Canada</figcaption></figure></span></span> <p>Over the course of centuries, a multitude of <a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">national symbols</a> and material items have arisen as uniquely <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> or possessing uniquely Canadian characteristics. These symbols and items represent the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">culture of Canada</a>—<a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">protectionism of that culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">identity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">values</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationalism" title="Canadian nationalism">nationalism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">heritage of its inhabitants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DawsonWright2018g_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DawsonWright2018g-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Themes and symbols of nature, pioneers, trappers, and traders played an important part in the early development of Canadian symbolism.<sup id="cite_ref-pioneer_lit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pioneer_lit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern symbols emphasize the country's geography, cold climate, lifestyles, and the Canadianization of traditional European and indigenous symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2013 <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a> survey found that more than 90% of those polled believed that the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">national flag</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a> were the top symbols of Canadian identity. Next highest were the national anthem ("<a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">O Canada</a>"), the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar poll by <a href="/wiki/Ipsos-Reid" title="Ipsos-Reid">Ipsos-Reid</a> in 2008 indicated that the <a href="/wiki/Maple_leaf" title="Maple leaf">maple leaf</a> was the primary item that defines Canada, followed by ice hockey, the national flag, the <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_Day" title="Canada Day">Canada Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada#Participation_in_peacekeeping_missions" title="Military history of Canada">Canadian Forces peacekeeping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predominant_symbols">Predominant symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Predominant symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Canadian identity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Canadian values</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Canadian folklore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaver_sculpture,_Centre_Block.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The mother beaver sculpture outside the House of Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Beaver_sculpture%2C_Centre_Block.jpg/220px-Beaver_sculpture%2C_Centre_Block.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Beaver_sculpture%2C_Centre_Block.jpg/330px-Beaver_sculpture%2C_Centre_Block.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Beaver_sculpture%2C_Centre_Block.jpg/440px-Beaver_sculpture%2C_Centre_Block.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2298" data-file-height="2066" /></a><figcaption><i>The mother beaver</i> on the Canadian parliament's <a href="/wiki/Peace_Tower" title="Peace Tower">Peace Tower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five flowers on the shield surrounded by maple leafs each represent an ethnicity—<a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a>: <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fleur_de_lis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleur de lis">Fleur de lis</a>: <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thistle" title="Thistle">thistle</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrock</a>: <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">leek</a>: <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Canada's most well known symbol is the <a href="/wiki/Maple_leaf" title="Maple leaf">maple leaf</a>, which was first used by French colonists in the 1700s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1850s, under British rule, the maple leaf has been used on military uniforms and, subsequently, engraved on the headstones of individuals who have served in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maple leaf is prominently depicted on the country's <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">current</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Ensign" title="Red Ensign">previous</a> flags and on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms of Canada">country's coat of arms</a>. The maple leaf has also been seen on the <a href="/wiki/Penny_(Canadian_coin)" title="Penny (Canadian coin)">penny</a> before circulation of that coin was stopped in 2013. Canada's official tartan, known as the "<a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Maple leaf tartan</a>", consists of four colours reflecting those of the maple leaf as it changes through the seasons—green in the <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring</a>, gold in the early <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">autumn</a>, red at the first <a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">frost</a>, and brown after falling.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other prominent symbols include the national motto, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Mari_Usque_Ad_Mare" class="mw-redirect" title="A Mari Usque Ad Mare">A Mari Usque Ad Mare</a></i> (<i>From Sea to Sea)</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the sports of <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_goose" title="Canada goose">Canada goose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_horse" title="Canadian horse">Canadian horse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rockies" title="Canadian Rockies">Canadian Rockies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Canadian parliamentary complex</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, more recently, the Canadianization of <a href="/wiki/Totem_pole" title="Totem pole">totem poles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inuksuk" title="Inuksuk">Inuksuks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nels_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nels-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With material items such as <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Canada" title="Beer in Canada">Canadian beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knit_cap#Canadian_tuque" title="Knit cap">tuques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo_bar" title="Nanaimo bar">nanaimo bars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter_tart" title="Butter tart">butter tarts</a>, and the Quebec dish of <a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">poutine</a> being defined as uniquely Canadian.<sup id="cite_ref-Nels_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nels-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A six-pointed, hexagonal <a href="/wiki/Snowflake" title="Snowflake">snowflake</a> used as the insignia for the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> has come to symbolize Canada's northern heritage and diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country's institutions of <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">military peacekeeping</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Canada" title="National parks of Canada">national park system</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a> are seen as uniquely Canadian by its citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">The Crown</a>, displaying traditional <a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e" title="Cross pattée">cross pattées</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleurs-de-lis</a>, symbolizes the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canadian monarchy</a><sup id="cite_ref-royal_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appears on the coat of arms, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_governor_general_of_Canada" title="Flag of the governor general of Canada">governor general's flag</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-royal_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the coats of arms of many <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces and territories</a>; the badges of several federal departments, the Canadian Armed Forces and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a>, many regiments, police forces, on buildings, as well as some highway signs and licence plates. Also, the image of Her Late Majesty Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> is on Canadian stamps, <a href="/wiki/Frontier_(banknotes)#$20_note" title="Frontier (banknotes)">$20 bank notes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Coins of the Canadian dollar">all coins</a>, soon to be replaced by His Majesty King Charles III, King of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poll taken in 2022 determined that 55 per cent of respondents agreed the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">country's monarchy</a> helps define Canadian identity and six in 10 felt it helps to differentiate Canada from the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_and_de_facto_symbols">Official and de facto symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Official and de facto symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Canadian royal symbols</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols</a></div> <p>The following is a list of official and de facto symbols, as recognized by the government of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are not shown in any order of precedence. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50em;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th style="width:20%; text-align:left;">Symbol</th> <th style="width:40%; text-align:left;">Image</th> <th style="width:15%; text-align:left;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">National flag</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/400px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td>Official symbol as of February 15, 1965<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada" title="Royal standards of Canada">Royal Standard of Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Standard_of_Canada.svg/200px-Royal_Standard_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Standard_of_Canada.svg/300px-Royal_Standard_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Standard_of_Canada.svg/400px-Royal_Standard_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal symbol</a> adopted in 1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_governor_general_of_Canada" title="Flag of the governor general of Canada">Governor general's standard</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td>Viceregal symbol adopted in 1981<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Royal Union Flag</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-royal_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td>Affirmed by parliament as a national symbol on December 18, 1964<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols#Canadian_Royal_Crown" title="Canadian royal symbols">Canadian Royal Crown</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/123px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="123" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/184px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/245px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Royal symbol approved in April 2023 by <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a><sup id="cite_ref-royal_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_(Canada).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/80px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/120px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/160px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span> </td> <td>Royal symbol since 2022<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1">Royal <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms of Canada">Coat of Arms of Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_(1957%E2%80%931994).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931994%29.png/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931994%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931994%29.png/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931994%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931994%29.png/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931994%29.png 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> </td> <td>Royal symbol as of November 21, 1921. Official 1957 rendition shown.<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Identity_Program#Canada_wordmark" title="Federal Identity Program">Canada wordmark</a><sup id="cite_ref-fip_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fip-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Canada_wordmark.svg/150px-Canada_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Canada_wordmark.svg/225px-Canada_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Canada_wordmark.svg/300px-Canada_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Canada" title="Great Seal of Canada">Great Seal</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_Canada.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Great_Seal_of_Canada.png/150px-Great_Seal_of_Canada.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Great_Seal_of_Canada.png/225px-Great_Seal_of_Canada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Great_Seal_of_Canada.png/300px-Great_Seal_of_Canada.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </td> <td>De facto symbol since 1867 (current version since November 14, 1955)<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">National anthem</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/O_Canada.svg/150px-O_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/O_Canada.svg/225px-O_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/O_Canada.svg/300px-O_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="792" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="80" style="width:80px;" data-durationhint="178" data-mwtitle="O_Canada_instrumental_1916.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/O_Canada_instrumental_1916.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/O_Canada_instrumental_1916.ogg/O_Canada_instrumental_1916.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> <a href="/wiki/File:O_Canada_instrumental_1916.ogg" title="File:O Canada instrumental 1916.ogg">"O Canada"</a> </td> <td>Official since July 1, 1980 (song dates back to 1880)<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Personal_anthem" title="Personal anthem">Royal anthem</a><sup id="cite_ref-royal_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gstk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gstk.png/150px-Gstk.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gstk.png/225px-Gstk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gstk.png/300px-Gstk.png 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="1195" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="80" style="width:80px;" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=cy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cy" label="Cymraeg ‪(cy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=dag&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="dag" label="dagbanli ‪(dag)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ga&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ga" label="Gaeilge ‪(ga)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=gd&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gd" label="Gàidhlig ‪(gd)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=mi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mi" label="Māori ‪(mi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=my&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="my" label="မြန်မာဘာသာ ‪(my)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=nrm&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nrf" label="Nouormand ‪(nrm)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span> <a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga" title="File:U.S. Navy Band - God Save the Queen.oga">"God Save the King"</a> </td> <td>De facto <a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">royal anthem</a> that dates back to 1745<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_(motto).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28motto%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28motto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28motto%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28motto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28motto%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28motto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="321" /></a></span> <br /><i><a href="/wiki/A_mari_usque_ad_mare" title="A mari usque ad mare">A Mari Usque Ad Mare</a></i><br />(From sea to sea) </td> <td>Officially adopted on November 21, 1921<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_colours_of_Canada" title="National colours of Canada">National colours</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StanleyMemo_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StanleyMemo-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tidridge222_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tidridge222-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="color_swatch" style="background: white; border: solid 1px black; float: left; margin: 0 1.5em 1em .5em; font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 12em;"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background: #ff0000; border-bottom: solid 1px black; color: #000000; height: 9em" title="#ff0000"></div> <p>Red<br />#ff0000 </p> </div><div class="color_swatch" style="background: white; border: solid 1px black; float: left; margin: 0 1.5em 1em .5em; font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 12em;"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: solid 1px black; color: #000000; height: 9em" title="#FFFFFF"></div> <p>White<br />#FFFFFF </p> </div> </td> <td>De facto symbol that dates back to <a href="/wiki/George_Stanley" title="George Stanley">George Stanley</a>'s rationale in the design of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Flag of Canada</a> adopted February 15, 1965,<sup id="cite_ref-StanleyMemo_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StanleyMemo-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to an order of King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> dated November 21, 1921,<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to the creation of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada#History" title="Royal standards of Canada">standard</a> in 1961<sup id="cite_ref-Tidridge222_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tidridge222-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_emblem#Trees" title="National emblem">National tree</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugar_Maple-Acer_saccharum-Comfort_Maple_Conservation_Area-Town_of_Pelham-Ontario-OHAR5725-20221023_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sugar_Maple-Acer_saccharum-Comfort_Maple_Conservation_Area-Town_of_Pelham-Ontario-OHAR5725-20221023_%281%29.jpg/200px-Sugar_Maple-Acer_saccharum-Comfort_Maple_Conservation_Area-Town_of_Pelham-Ontario-OHAR5725-20221023_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sugar_Maple-Acer_saccharum-Comfort_Maple_Conservation_Area-Town_of_Pelham-Ontario-OHAR5725-20221023_%281%29.jpg/300px-Sugar_Maple-Acer_saccharum-Comfort_Maple_Conservation_Area-Town_of_Pelham-Ontario-OHAR5725-20221023_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sugar_Maple-Acer_saccharum-Comfort_Maple_Conservation_Area-Town_of_Pelham-Ontario-OHAR5725-20221023_%281%29.jpg/400px-Sugar_Maple-Acer_saccharum-Comfort_Maple_Conservation_Area-Town_of_Pelham-Ontario-OHAR5725-20221023_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Acer_saccharum" title="Acer saccharum">Sugar maple</a> </td> <td>Official symbol since 1996<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Additional national symbol<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acer_pseudoplatanus_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Acer_pseudoplatanus_002.jpg/200px-Acer_pseudoplatanus_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Acer_pseudoplatanus_002.jpg/300px-Acer_pseudoplatanus_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Acer_pseudoplatanus_002.jpg/400px-Acer_pseudoplatanus_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Maple_leaf" title="Maple leaf">Maple leaf</a> </td> <td>De facto symbol since the 1700s<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_animals" title="List of national animals">National animals</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Beaver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Beaver.jpg/200px-American_Beaver.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Beaver.jpg/300px-American_Beaver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Beaver.jpg/399px-American_Beaver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="715" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">North American beaver</a> </td> <td>Official symbol since 1975<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheval_canadien_au_trot_3372.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cheval_canadien_au_trot_3372.jpg/200px-Cheval_canadien_au_trot_3372.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Cheval_canadien_au_trot_3372.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_horse" title="Canadian horse">Canadian horse</a> </td> <td>Official symbol since 2002<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CanSport_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanSport-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2005NLLAllStarAction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2005NLLAllStarAction.jpg/230px-2005NLLAllStarAction.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2005NLLAllStarAction.jpg/345px-2005NLLAllStarAction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2005NLLAllStarAction.jpg/460px-2005NLLAllStarAction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> (summer) </td> <td>Officially adopted on May 12, 1994<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vancouver_Canucks_vs_Calgary_Flames.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vancouver_Canucks_vs_Calgary_Flames.jpg/230px-Vancouver_Canucks_vs_Calgary_Flames.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vancouver_Canucks_vs_Calgary_Flames.jpg/345px-Vancouver_Canucks_vs_Calgary_Flames.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vancouver_Canucks_vs_Calgary_Flames.jpg/460px-Vancouver_Canucks_vs_Calgary_Flames.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> (winter) </td> <td>Officially adopted on May 12, 1994<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">National tartan</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_tartan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Maple_leaf_tartan.png/200px-Maple_leaf_tartan.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Maple_leaf_tartan.png/300px-Maple_leaf_tartan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Maple_leaf_tartan.png/400px-Maple_leaf_tartan.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="444" /></a></span><br />Maple leaf tartan </td> <td>Officially adopted on March 9, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_Funeral_19_09_2022-14_(52369485536).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Funeral_19_09_2022-14_%2852369485536%29.jpg/200px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_Funeral_19_09_2022-14_%2852369485536%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Funeral_19_09_2022-14_%2852369485536%29.jpg/300px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_Funeral_19_09_2022-14_%2852369485536%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Funeral_19_09_2022-14_%2852369485536%29.jpg/400px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_Funeral_19_09_2022-14_%2852369485536%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span> </td> <td>De facto symbol since 1920<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Parliament Hill</a><sup id="cite_ref-official_20-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottawa_-_ON_-_Stadtansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ottawa_-_ON_-_Stadtansicht.jpg/200px-Ottawa_-_ON_-_Stadtansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ottawa_-_ON_-_Stadtansicht.jpg/300px-Ottawa_-_ON_-_Stadtansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ottawa_-_ON_-_Stadtansicht.jpg/400px-Ottawa_-_ON_-_Stadtansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="1975" /></a></span> </td> <td>De facto symbol; built between 1859 and 1927<sup id="cite_ref-official_20-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="floatright"> <div class="" style="width:240px"><div style="position: relative; width:240px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 7.9%; top: 59.4%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_British_Columbia" title="Symbols of British Columbia">BC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 18.4%; top: 62.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Alberta" title="Symbols of Alberta">AB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 27.8%; top: 67%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Saskatchewan" title="Symbols of Saskatchewan">SK</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 37.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Manitoba" title="Symbols of Manitoba">MB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50%; top: 71.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Ontario" title="Symbols of Ontario">ON</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 68.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Quebec" title="Symbols of Quebec">QC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 79.6%; top: 76%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_New_Brunswick" title="Symbols of New Brunswick">NB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 70.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Symbols of Prince Edward Island">PE</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 86.8%; top: 77%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Symbols of Nova Scotia">NS</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 90.4%; top: 62.7%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Symbols of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 8%; top: 32.5%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Yukon" title="Symbols of Yukon">YT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 40.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Symbols of the Northwest Territories">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 39.3%; top: 42.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Nunavut" title="Symbols of Nunavut">NU</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Canadian Provinces and Territories"><img alt="Canadian Provinces and Territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg/240px-Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg/360px-Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg/480px-Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Symbols by provinces and territories</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthems_and_nationalistic_songs_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada">Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Events of National Historic Significance">Events of National Historic Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Canadian_flag_debate" title="Great Canadian flag debate">Great Canadian flag debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards" title="List of Canadian awards">List of Canadian awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List of Canadian flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Canada" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada">Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Canadian provinces">Orders, decorations, and medals of the Canadian provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Persons of National Historic Significance">Persons of National Historic Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Regional tartans of Canada</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DawsonWright2018g-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DawsonWright2018g_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMichael_DawsonDonald_A._WrightCatherine_Anne_Gidney2018" class="citation book cs1">Michael Dawson; Donald A. 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Between the Lines. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77113-371-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77113-371-5"><bdi>978-1-77113-371-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbols+of+Canada&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Between+the+Lines&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-77113-371-5&rft.au=Michael+Dawson&rft.au=Donald+A.+Wright&rft.au=Catherine+Anne+Gidney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pioneer_lit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pioneer_lit_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadiana.org/citm/themes/pioneers/pioneers7_e.html">"Canada in the Making: Pioneers and Immigrants"</a>. 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303410887_The_Canadianization_Movement_Emergence_Survival_and_Success">The Canadianization Movement: Emergence, Survival, and Success</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2F9781442680616">10.3138/9781442680616</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/151001/dq151001a-eng.htm">"The Daily — Canadian identity, 2013"</a>. <i>www.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=The+Daily+%E2%80%94+Canadian+identity%2C+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F151001%2Fdq151001a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-652-x/89-652-x2015005-eng.htm#a1">Canadian Identity, 2013 - By Maire Sinha </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipsos.com/en-ca/defining-canada-nation-chooses-101-things-best-define-their-country">Defining Canada: A Nation Chooses The 101 Things That Best Define Their Country "Unprecedented, Definitive National Survey Identifies Top People, Places, Events, Accomplishments and Symbols that Define Canada. As Chosen By Canadian.</a> Ipsos Reid on behalf of the Dominion Institute and the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicacanada.ca/sites/default/files/PDF/polls/canada101_part3_en.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwib6_aKvKzwAhULVs0KHbE5Dp4QFjAOegQIChAC&usg=AOvVaw10S6htOsK16q1FqwzZUksH">PDF version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaghan2013" class="citation web cs1">Monaghan, David (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/about/house/collections/collection_profiles/CP_mother_beaver-e.htm">"The mother beaver – Collection Profiles"</a>. The House of Commons Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222075619/http://www.parl.gc.ca/about/house/collections/collection_profiles/CP_mother_beaver-e.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+mother+beaver+%E2%80%93+Collection+Profiles&rft.pub=The+House+of+Commons+Heritage&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Monaghan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fabout%2Fhouse%2Fcollections%2Fcollection_profiles%2FCP_mother_beaver-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/unofficial-symbols-canada.html">"Unofficial symbols of Canada"</a>. The Department of Canadian Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unofficial+symbols+of+Canada&rft.pub=The+Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fcanadian-heritage%2Fservices%2Funofficial-symbols-canada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_DawsonDonald_A._WrightCatherine_Anne_Gidney2018" class="citation book cs1">Michael Dawson; Donald A. Wright; Catherine Anne Gidney (October 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dnoOuAEACAAJ"><i>Symbols of Canada</i></a>. Between the Lines. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77113-371-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77113-371-5"><bdi>978-1-77113-371-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbols+of+Canada&rft.pub=Between+the+Lines&rft.date=2018-10-15&rft.isbn=978-1-77113-371-5&rft.au=Michael+Dawson&rft.au=Donald+A.+Wright&rft.au=Catherine+Anne+Gidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdnoOuAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/951077--maple-lead-tartan-becomes-official-symbol">"Maple Leaf Tartan becomes official symbol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. 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Camden House. pp. 113–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-359-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-359-5"><bdi>978-1-57113-359-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Literature+in+Canada%3A+English-Canadian+and+French-Canadian&rft.pages=113-114&rft.pub=Camden+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-57113-359-5&rft.au=Reingard+M.+Nischik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVYgTaGwa4nsC%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Heritage2002" class="citation book cs1">Canadian Heritage (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.693005/publication.html"><i>Symbols of Canada</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+arms+of+Canada&rft.pub=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Fsymbl%2Farm1-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fip-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fip_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/government-communications/design-standard/official-symbols-design-standard-fip.html">"Official symbols: Design Standard for the Federal Identity Program"</a>. <i>www.canada.ca</i>. Treasury Board of Canada. 13 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Official+symbols%3A+Design+Standard+for+the+Federal+Identity+Program&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Ftreasury-board-secretariat%2Fservices%2Fgovernment-communications%2Fdesign-standard%2Fofficial-symbols-design-standard-fip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeritage2017" class="citation web cs1">Heritage, Canadian (11 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-anthem.html">"Royal Anthem"</a>. <i>aem</i>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'O Canada' and 'God Save the Queen'/'Dieu sauve la Reine' were approved by Parliament in 1967 as Canada's national and royal anthems. However, legislation to this effect was passed only in 1980, and applied only to 'O Canada.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aem&rft.atitle=Royal+Anthem&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft.aulast=Heritage&rft.aufirst=Canadian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fcanadian-heritage%2Fservices%2Froyal-symbols-titles%2Froyal-anthem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StanleyMemo-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StanleyMemo_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StanleyMemo_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.stfx.ca/lstanley/stanley/flagmemo2.htm">"Dr. G.F.G. Stanley's Flag Memorandum to John Matheson"</a>. <i>Alan Beddoe Papers</i>. Library and Archives Canada. 23 March 1964. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230011036/https://people.stfx.ca/lstanley/stanley/flagmemo2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alan+Beddoe+Papers&rft.atitle=Dr.+G.F.G.+Stanley%27s+Flag+Memorandum+to+John+Matheson&rft.date=1964-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.stfx.ca%2Flstanley%2Fstanley%2Fflagmemo2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tidridge222-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tidridge222_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tidridge222_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTidridge2011" class="citation book cs1">Tidridge, Nathan (2011). Thompson, Allister (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KAvtMxqSDncC&dq=%22queen%27s%22+%22flag%22+canada+%22national+colours%22&pg=PA222"><i>Canada's Constitutional Monarchy</i></a>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781554889808" title="Special:BookSources/9781554889808"><bdi>9781554889808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781554889808&rft.aulast=Tidridge&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKAvtMxqSDncC%26dq%3D%2522queen%2527s%2522%2B%2522flag%2522%2Bcanada%2B%2522national%2Bcolours%2522%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanSport-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CanSport_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/legsltn/n-16-eng.cfm">"National Sports of Canada Act, CHAPTER N-16.7"</a>. <i>Code of Canada</i>. Government of Canada. 12 May 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419030904/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/legsltn/n-16-eng.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Code+of+Canada&rft.atitle=National+Sports+of+Canada+Act%2C+CHAPTER+N-16.7&rft.date=1994-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fsc%2Flegsltn%2Fn-16-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Francis1997" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Francis (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ijwUkaeNPmwC&pg=PP1"><i>National Dreams: Myth, Memory, and Canadian History</i></a>. arsenal pulp press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55152-043-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55152-043-8"><bdi>978-1-55152-043-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1023918608">1023918608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Dreams%3A+Myth%2C+Memory%2C+and+Canadian+History&rft.pub=arsenal+pulp+press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1023918608&rft.isbn=978-1-55152-043-8&rft.au=Daniel+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DijwUkaeNPmwC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorinna_PikeChristopher_McCreery2011" class="citation book cs1">Corinna Pike; Christopher McCreery (14 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8x_k6AR1_IUC&pg=PP1"><i>Canadian Symbols of Authority: Maces, Chains, and Rods of Office</i></a>. Dundurn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0016-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0016-1"><bdi>978-1-4597-0016-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1091195772">1091195772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Symbols+of+Authority%3A+Maces%2C+Chains%2C+and+Rods+of+Office&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1091195772&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-0016-1&rft.au=Corinna+Pike&rft.au=Christopher+McCreery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8x_k6AR1_IUC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+symbols+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/pc-ch/CH4-130-2010-eng.pdf">Canadian Heritage: Symbols of Canada</a> (PDF)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_symbols_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_official_Canadian_national_symbols" title="Template:List of official Canadian national symbols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_official_Canadian_national_symbols" title="Template talk:List of official Canadian national symbols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_official_Canadian_national_symbols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of official Canadian national symbols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_symbols_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National symbols of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">National flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_horse" title="Canadian horse">Canadian horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_leaf" title="Maple leaf">Maple leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acer_saccharum" title="Acer saccharum">Sugar maple tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">O Canada</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Maple_Leaf_Forever" title="The Maple Leaf Forever">The Maple Leaf Forever</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mottos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_mari_usque_ad_mare" title="A mari usque ad mare">A mari usque ad mare</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Parliament Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Symbols_of_Canada_(by_province_or_territory)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_topic" title="Template:Canada topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topic" title="Template talk:Canada topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Symbols_of_Canada_(by_province_or_territory)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Canada">Symbols of Canada</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province or territory</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Alberta" title="Symbols of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_British_Columbia" title="Symbols of British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Manitoba" title="Symbols of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_New_Brunswick" title="Symbols of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Symbols of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Symbols of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Ontario" title="Symbols of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Symbols of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Quebec" title="Symbols of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Saskatchewan" title="Symbols of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Symbols of the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Nunavut" title="Symbols of Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Yukon" title="Symbols of Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Canada" title="Category:Canada">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_topics" title="Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topics" title="Template talk:Canada topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Canada" title="List of years in Canada">Year list</a></b> <br />(<b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history" title="Timeline of Canadian history">timeline</a>)</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France (1534–1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1763%E2%80%931867)" title="History of Canada (1763–1867)">British Canada (1763–1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Post-Confederation (1867–1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_world_wars_and_interwar_period" title="Canada in the world wars and interwar period">World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1945%E2%80%931960)" title="History of Canada (1945–1960)">1945–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1960%E2%80%931981)" title="History of Canada (1960–1981)">1960–1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1982%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Canada (1982–present)">since 1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#History_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Canada" title="Constitutional history of Canada">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Canada" title="History of immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_foreign_policy" title="History of Canadian foreign policy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Persons of National Historic Significance">Persons of significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Canada" title="Geography of Canada">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">The Maritimes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#Geography_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada" title="List of cities in Canada">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Canada" title="List of earthquakes in Canada">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Canada" title="List of islands of Canada">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Canada" title="National parks of Canada">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Canada" title="List of rivers of Canada">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Canada" title="Wildlife of Canada">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Canada" title="Volcanism of Canada">Volcanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Canada" title="Law of Canada">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government in Canada">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Politics" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Canada" title="LGBTQ rights in Canada">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">Firearms regulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_Canada" title="Dairy farming in Canada">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Floriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Canada" title="Banking in Canada">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Canada" title="List of companies of Canada">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Canada" title="Energy policy of Canada">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Canada" title="Oil reserves in Canada">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">Petroleum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Canada" title="Taxation in Canada">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" title="Tourism in Canada">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Canada" title="Transportation in Canada">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Canada" title="Science and technology in Canada">Science and tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada" title="Population of Canada">Population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">Metropolitan areas and agglomerations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_population_centres_in_Canada" title="List of the largest population centres in Canada">Population centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">Euthanasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Canada" title="Corruption in Canada">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Canada" title="Terrorism in Canada">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_Canada" title="Social programs in Canada">Social programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Values</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_inventions,_innovations,_and_discoveries" title="List of Canadian inventions, innovations, and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Canadians" title="Lists of Canadians">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Canada" title="Theatre of Canada">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Symbols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symbols</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Provincial and territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heraldry" title="Canadian heraldry">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Tartans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Canada-related_articles" title="Index of Canada-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics by provinces and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada" title="Bibliography of Canada">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_studies" title="Canadian studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Indices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Canada" title="Category:Canada">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_symbols_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this 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href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Barbados" title="National symbols of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="National symbols of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Cuba" title="National symbols of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National symbols of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Grenada" title="National symbols of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Haiti" title="National symbols of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="National symbols of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="National symbols of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Mexico" title="National symbols of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Nicaragua" title="National symbols of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Saint_Lucia" title="National symbols of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="National symbols of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" 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